Application of gamma-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in luring peach aphids, tobacco thrips and seven-star ladybugs

Abstract

The application of gamma-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in luring Myzus persicae, Frankliniella intonsa and Coccinella septempunctata belongs to the technical field of pest luring. The application of gamma-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in luring Myzus persicae, Frankliniella intonsa and Coccinella septempunctata is proposed for the first time, and based on the new application, the application of gamma-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in preparing a pest luring agent, a kind of pest luring agent with active ingredients including gamma-valerolactone and / or o-xylene and a kind of device for luring pests are further provided. Gamma-valerolactone and / or o-xylene can effectively lure Myzus persicae, Frankliniella intonsa and Coccinella septempunctata, and the response rate of various pests to gamma-valerolactone and / or o-xylene is above 90%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of pest attraction, specifically relating to the application of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene in attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs. Background Technology

[0002] γ-valerolactone, also known as γ-valerolactone, 4-valerolactone, 1,4-valerolactone, γ-Methyl-γ-butyrolactone, and 4-methylbutyrolactone, is obtained by heating acetoacetic acid with sulfuric acid, or by hydrogenating levulinic acid in the presence of metal catalysts such as nickel or copper. γ-valerolactone has strong reactivity and can be used as a resin solvent and intermediate in various related compounds. It is also used as a lubricant, plasticizer, gelling agent for nonionic surfactants, lactone additive in leaded gasoline, and for dyeing cellulose esters and synthetic fibers. γ-valerolactone has vanillin and coconut aromas. In my country, GB2760-86 specifies it as a permitted food flavoring. It is mainly used to formulate peach, coconut, and vanilla flavorings.

[0003] o-Xylene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H. 10 o-Xylene is a colorless, transparent liquid, insoluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It is mainly used as a chemical raw material and solvent, and can be used in the production of phthalic anhydride, dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals such as vitamins. It can also be used as an additive in aviation gasoline.

[0004] The peach aphid is an animal belonging to the family Aphididae in the order Hemiptera of the phylum Arthropoda. It is a major pest of peaches, tobacco, rapeseed, sesame, cruciferous vegetables, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and greenhouse plants. It often causes leaf rolling and yield reduction and can transmit hundreds of plant viral diseases, such as potato leaf roll and beet yellow net disease. Neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, organophosphates, insect growth regulators, and biological pesticides such as abamectin can be used.

[0005] Tobacco thrips is a polyphagous pest that can damage a variety of crops, with alliums such as scallions, garlic, and onions being particularly vulnerable, causing significant economic losses to agricultural production. Control primarily relies on chemical insecticides; however, tobacco thrips have developed resistance to a range of commonly used insecticides, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and bio-based pesticides.

[0006] The ladybug (scientific name: Coccinella septempunctata) is a major natural enemy of agricultural pests such as whiteflies and wolfberry psyllids, playing an important role in biological control. However, the continuous increase in the population of ladybugs may harm the health of the ecosystem and is considered an invasive species in some areas.

[0007] Currently, there are no reports in this field of using γ-valerol and / or o-xylene to attract peach aphids, tobacco thrips, or ladybugs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to fill the above-mentioned gaps in the existing technology in this field and to develop more beneficial uses for γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene, the present invention provides the application of γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] Application of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene in attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs.

[0011] The effective concentrations of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene for attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs are 0.1 μg / mL to 10000 μg / mL.

[0012] The pests mentioned are selected from: peach aphid, tobacco thrips, and ladybug.

[0013] The pest attractant comprises: an attractant active ingredient; the attractant active ingredient comprises: γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene;

[0014] Preferably, the concentration of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene in the insect attractant is 0.1 μg / mL to 10000 μg / mL.

[0015] The insect attractant further includes: excipients; the excipients are selected from: solvents, propellants, solubilizers, co-solvents, emulsifiers, colorants, binders, disintegrants, fillers, lubricants, wetting agents, osmotic pressure regulators, stabilizers, flow aids, flavoring agents, preservatives, suspending agents, coating materials, fragrances, anti-adhesion agents, integrators, penetration promoters, pH regulators, buffers, plasticizers, surfactants, foaming agents, defoamers, thickeners, encapsulating agents, humectants, absorbents, diluents, flocculants, anti-flocculation agents, filter aids, and release inhibitors.

[0016] An insect attractant, comprising: an attractant active ingredient; characterized in that the attractant active ingredient comprises: γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene.

[0017] The concentration of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene in the insect attractant is 0.1 μg / mL - 10000 μg / mL;

[0018] Preferably, the insect attractant further includes: excipients; the excipients are selected from: solvents, propellants, solubilizers, co-solvents, emulsifiers, colorants, binders, disintegrants, fillers, lubricants, wetting agents, osmotic pressure regulators, stabilizers, flow aids, flavoring agents, preservatives, suspending agents, coating materials, fragrances, anti-adhesion agents, binding agents, penetration promoters, pH adjusters, buffers, plasticizers, surfactants, foaming agents, defoamers, thickeners, encapsulating agents, humectants, absorbents, diluents, flocculants, anti-flocculation agents, filter aids, and release inhibitors.

[0019] The pests mentioned are selected from: peach aphid, tobacco thrips, and ladybug.

[0020] A device for attracting pests, characterized in that it comprises: a Y-shaped glass tube and a flavor source system; the two pest outlets of the Y-shaped glass tube are connected to the flavor source system; the flavor source system is provided sequentially along the direction of pest movement, including a flavor source bottle with a built-in flavor source, a gas washing bottle, a drying tower, and an atmospheric sampler connected by pipes; the flavor source is selected from: γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene.

[0021] The drying tower contains activated carbon.

[0022] Preferably, the gas washing bottle contains pure water.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] This invention first proposes the application of γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs. Based on this new application, it further provides the application of γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in the preparation of insect attractants, an insect attractant with γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene as the attractant active ingredient, and a device for attracting insects. Indoor and field experiments have demonstrated that γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene can effectively attract peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs. The effective concentration of γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene for attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs is 0.1 μg / mL - 10000 μg / mL. The peach aphid showed a response rate of over 90.00% to all concentrations of o-xylene and γ-valerolactone. The tobacco thrips showed response rates of over 93.33% and 88.33% to all concentrations of o-xylene and γ-valerolactone, respectively. The adult female and male ladybugs showed response rates of over 65.89% and 78.46% to all concentrations of o-xylene and γ-valerolactone, respectively. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the Y-type olfactory apparatus of Experimental Example 1 of the present invention. The labels in the diagram are as follows: ① and ② are atmospheric samplers; ③ and ④ are drying towers (containing activated carbon); ⑤ and ⑥ are gas washing bottles; ⑦ and ⑧ are flavor source bottles (control bottles); ⑨ is a Y-type glass tube. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific content of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and experimental examples, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Sources of biomaterials

[0028] I. The ladybug used in Experiment Example 1 of this invention is a common agricultural beneficial insect or an ecologically harmful insect. Peach aphid and tobacco thrips are common agricultural pests and can be collected from farmland or greenhouses.

[0029] Group 1 Examples: Pest Attraction Applications of γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene

[0030] This set of examples provides the application of γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs.

[0031] In specific embodiments, the effective concentration of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene for attracting peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs is 0.1 μg / mL to 10000 μg / mL.

[0032] Based on the teachings of this invention, any act of using γ-valerol and / or o-xylene to attract, contact, kill, control, treat, inhibit, or repel peach aphids, tobacco thrips, or ladybugs, or any act of placing γ-valerol and / or o-xylene in packaging boxes intended to attract, contact, kill, control, treat, inhibit, or repel pests, falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0033] Group 2 Examples: Application of insect attractants containing γ-valerol and / or o-xylene

[0034] This set of embodiments provides the application of γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene in the preparation of insect attractants, characterized in that the insects are selected from: peach aphid, tobacco thrips, and ladybug.

[0035] In some embodiments, the pest attractant comprises: an attractant active ingredient; the attractant active ingredient comprises: γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene;

[0036] Preferably, the concentration of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene in the insect attractant is 0.1 μg / mL to 10000 μg / mL.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the insect attractant further includes: excipients; the excipients are selected from: solvents, propellants, solubilizers, cosolvents, emulsifiers, colorants, binders, disintegrants, fillers, lubricants, wetting agents, osmotic pressure regulators, stabilizers, flow aids, flavoring agents, preservatives, suspending agents, coating materials, fragrances, anti-adhesion agents, integrators, penetration promoters, pH adjusters, buffers, plasticizers, surfactants, foaming agents, defoamers, thickeners, encapsulating agents, humectants, absorbents, diluents, flocculants, anti-flocculation agents, filter aids, and release inhibitors.

[0038] According to the present invention, and in accordance with the different needs of actual production applications, and combined with conventional technical means in the field of formulation preparation (e.g., the Encyclopedia of Formulation Technology), those skilled in the art can select and formulate the above-mentioned excipients, and prepare γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene into different dosage forms, such as powders, tablets, liniments, oils, suppositories, gels, dressings, sprays, lotions, granules, ointments, etc.

[0039] In a specific embodiment, the dosage form of the pest attractant is selected from one or more of the following: powder, tablet, liniment, oil, suppository, gel, dressing, spray, lotion, granule, and ointment.

[0040] Group 3 Examples, Pest Attractants of the Present Invention

[0041] This set of embodiments provides an insect attractant. All embodiments in this set share the following common feature: the insect attractant comprises an attractant active ingredient; the attractant active ingredient comprises γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the concentration of γ-valerol and / or o-xylene in the insect attractant is 0.1 μg / mL - 10000 μg / mL;

[0043] Preferably, the insect attractant further includes: excipients; the excipients are selected from: solvents, propellants, solubilizers, co-solvents, emulsifiers, colorants, binders, disintegrants, fillers, lubricants, wetting agents, osmotic pressure regulators, stabilizers, flow aids, flavoring agents, preservatives, suspending agents, coating materials, fragrances, anti-adhesion agents, binding agents, penetration promoters, pH adjusters, buffers, plasticizers, surfactants, foaming agents, defoamers, thickeners, encapsulating agents, humectants, absorbents, diluents, flocculants, anti-flocculation agents, filter aids, and release inhibitors.

[0044] According to the present invention, and in accordance with the different needs of actual production applications, and combined with conventional technical means in the field of formulation preparation (e.g., the Encyclopedia of Formulation Technology), those skilled in the art can select and formulate the above-mentioned excipients, and prepare γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene into different dosage forms, such as powders, tablets, liniments, oils, suppositories, gels, dressings, sprays, lotions, granules, ointments, etc.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the dosage form of the pest attractant is selected from one or more of the following: powder, tablet, liniment, oil, suppository, gel, dressing, spray, lotion, granule, and ointment.

[0046] In a more specific embodiment, the pests are selected from: peach aphids, tobacco thrips, and ladybugs.

[0047] Group 4 Embodiments: The Pest-Attracting Device of the Present Invention

[0048] This set of embodiments provides a device for attracting pests. All embodiments in this set share the following common features: the device for attracting pests includes a Y-shaped glass tube and a flavor source system; the two pest outlets of the Y-shaped glass tube are connected to the flavor source system; the flavor source system is arranged sequentially along the direction of pest movement, including a flavor source bottle with a built-in flavor source, a gas washing bottle, a drying tower, and an atmospheric sampler connected by pipes; the flavor source is selected from γ-valerolactone and / or o-xylene.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the drying tower contains activated carbon for absorbing moisture and drying.

[0050] Preferably, the gas washing bottle contains pure water; in some embodiments, the gas washing bottle has conventional technical meanings and functions well known to those skilled in the art, for example, it may have the meaning and function of the term "gas washing bottle" from the Baidu Encyclopedia.

[0051] In a specific embodiment, the atmospheric sampler collects air, forms an airflow, and transports odor molecules;

[0052] In some embodiments, the atmospheric sampler has a conventional technical meaning known to those skilled in the art. For example, it may be the atmospheric sampler described in the article "Electrophysiological Responses of Peach Borer to Volatile Substances in Corn and Observation of Tentacle Ultrastructure".

[0053] Experimental Example 1: Verification of the attraction of γ-valerolactone and o-xylene to pests according to the present invention.

[0054] I. Experimental Methods

[0055] Y-type olfactory test

[0056] The Y-shaped glass tube used in the experiment was made of glass, with the following specifications: main arm 14cm, side arm 27cm, inner diameter 2.5cm, and included angle 75°. The structure of the Y-shaped olfactory device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Both ends of the Y-shaped glass tube are connected to an odor bottle (and a control bottle), a gas washing bottle (containing pure water to humidify the air), a glass bottle containing activated carbon, and an atmospheric sampler. Each device is tightly connected via a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube. At the start of the experiment, 1 mL of the odor substance to be measured is placed in a small glass bottle, which is kept open and placed inside the odor source bottle. Similarly, 1 mL of liquid paraffin is placed in the control bottle of another arm of the Y-shaped glass tube. The power switches of the atmospheric sampler for both arms are turned on simultaneously. The airflow rate in both arms of the Y-shaped glass tube is kept constant at 1 L per minute. After 5 minutes, the air in the Y-shaped glass tube stabilizes, and the odors of the control and odor substances are uniform. Then, peach aphids, tobacco thrips, or ladybugs, which have been starved for 24 hours, are introduced into the Y-shaped glass tube through the inlet. The aphids, thrips, or ladybugs are forced to choose an arm at the fork of the Y-shaped glass tube and crawl more than 5 cm on that arm to confirm the selection of the odor source. If a peach aphid, tobacco thrips, or ladybug does not make a selection within 5 minutes of entering, it is considered unselected and does not react.

[0057] Two treatment doses of two volatile compounds, γ-valerol and o-xylene (0.1 μg / mL, 1 μg / mL, 10 μg / mL, 100 μg / mL, 1000 μg / mL, and 10000 μg / mL), were selected for testing 20 peach aphids, 20 tobacco thrips, 20 female ladybugs, and 20 male ladybugs, respectively. The tests were repeated three times, with each ladybug being treated only once. After 10 ladybugs were tested, they were thoroughly cleaned and dried before continuing the experiment. At this time, the arms of the Y-shaped glass tubes were swapped between the control and treatment arms to eliminate potential experimental errors. After each dose of attraction test was completed, all instrument components were cleaned, including drying in an 80℃ oven with activated carbon. During the experiment, incandescent lamps were used to simulate sunlight. The relative humidity in the ladybug laboratory was 15%-45%, and the temperature was 18-26℃. The experiments were conducted daily between 10:00 and 17:00, during the ladybug's active period. The relative humidity of the peach aphid (tapiodine thrips) experimental laboratory was 65%, the temperature was 26℃, and the experiment was conducted between 10:00 and 15:00, during the active period of the peach aphid (tapiodine thrips).

[0058] Induced response rate and selected response rate:

[0059] Response rate = (Number of insects tested in the flavor source arm + Number of insects tested in the control arm) / Total number of insects tested × 100%

[0060] Selection response rate = (Number of insects tested in the flavor source arm / (Number of insects tested in the flavor source arm + Number of insects tested in the control arm)) × 100%

[0061] II. Experimental Results

[0062] Table 1. Attraction effects of different concentrations of the two monomeric compounds on peach aphids.

[0063]

[0064] According to Table 1, the response rate of peach aphids to o-xylene at all concentrations was above 90.00%. The highest response rate (95.00%) was observed at a concentration of 1 μg / mL. In terms of selective response rate, the highest response rate (68.36%) was observed at a concentration of 1 μg / mL; similarly, a relatively high response rate (64.85%) was observed at a concentration of 0.1 μg / mL. As the o-xylene concentration increased to 10000 μg / mL, the selective response rate decreased, and a certain degree of repulsion was observed. The response rate of peach aphids to γ-valerolactone at all concentrations was above 90%, reaching a maximum of 98.33% at a concentration of 100 μg / mL. Based on the selection response rates of peach aphids to various concentrations of γ-valerolactone, γ-valerolactone has a weak attraction for peach aphids, and the selection response rate shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The selection response rate of peach aphids increased from 52.94% at a γ-valerolactone concentration of 0.1 μg / mL to a maximum of 57.73% at 10 μg / mL, and then decreased to 40.52% as the γ-valerolactone concentration increased to 1000 μg / mL. High concentrations of γ-valerolactone exhibit a repellent effect on peach aphids.

[0065] Table 2. Attraction effects of different concentrations of the two monomeric compounds on thrips.

[0066]

[0067] According to Table 2, the response rate of *Thrips nicotine* to o-xylene at all concentrations was above 93.33%. When the o-xylene concentration was 1 μg / mL, *Thrips nicotine* exhibited the highest selectivity rate of 64.23%. As the o-xylene concentration increased, the selectivity rate rapidly decreased, dropping to 27.11% at 10000 μg / mL, demonstrating a significant repulsive effect. γ-valerolactone showed strong attraction to *Thrips nicotine*, maintaining a response rate above 88.33%. The highest selectivity rate (64.16%) was observed at a γ-valerolactone concentration of 10 μg / mL. The selectivity rates at different concentrations did not differ significantly.

[0068] Table 3. Attraction effects of two different concentrations on female and male adult ladybugs.

[0069]

[0070] Regarding the individual attraction effects on female and male adult ladybugs, the optimal attraction concentration of γ-valerate for both female and male adult ladybugs was 10 μg / mL, with selection response rates of 78.46% and 72.22%, respectively. The optimal attraction concentrations of o-xylene for female and male adult ladybugs were 100 μg / mL and 1000 μg / mL, respectively, with selection rates of 65.89% and 65.88% (Table 3). In terms of the overall attraction effect on both male and female adult ladybugs, the overall selection response rate was also relatively high at 75.34% when the concentration of γ-valerate was 10 μg / mL; the highest overall response rate was 64.86% for both male and female adult ladybugs.

Claims

1. The application of γ-valerol in inducing tobacco thrips, characterized in that, The effective concentration of γ-valerol-induced thrips is 0.1 μg / mL - 100 μg / mL.

2. The application of γ-valerolactone in the preparation of thrips attractants, characterized in that, The concentration of γ-valerol in the thrips attractant is 0.1 μg / mL - 100 μg / mL.

3. The application of γ-valerolactone according to claim 2 in the preparation of thrips attractants, characterized in that, The thrips attractant further includes: excipients; the excipients are selected from: solvents, propellants, solubilizers, co-solvents, emulsifiers, colorants, binders, disintegrants, fillers, lubricants, wetting agents, osmotic pressure regulators, stabilizers, flow aids, flavoring agents, preservatives, suspending agents, coating materials, fragrances, anti-adhesion agents, binding agents, penetration promoters, pH regulators, buffers, plasticizers, foaming agents, defoamers, thickeners, encapsulating agents, humectants, absorbents, diluents, flocculants, anti-flocculation agents, filter aids, and release inhibitors.

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