A multifunctional seeder

Abstract

The application discloses a multifunctional seeding machine, which is provided with a rotary tillage device, a ridging and ditching device, a fertilizer discharging device, a seeding device, a tamping and covering device and a pesticide spraying system on a frame; the ridging and ditching device is arranged on the left and right sides of the rotary tillage device; the fertilizer discharging device is arranged behind the rotary tillage device; the seeding device is arranged behind the fertilizer discharging device; the tamping and covering device is arranged behind the seeding device; and the pesticide spraying system is arranged behind the tamping and covering device. The multifunctional seeding machine can complete the rotary tillage, the ridging and ditching, the fertilization, the seeding, the soil covering, the tamping, the pesticide spraying and other operation links in one operation, and can complete multiple functions in one field operation, and is high in efficiency.

Description

A multi-functional seeder Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a multi-functional seeder. Background Technology

[0002] Cotton is a general term for four cultivated species of the genus *Gossypium* in the family Malvaceae, and it is one of the most widely cultivated economic crops globally. Currently, cotton is grown in over 75 countries worldwide, with major production areas located in Asia and North America. China, as one of the major cotton-producing countries, ranks among the world's leading producers in terms of both cotton output and planting area. According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the cotton planting area in China in 2023 was approximately 2.79 × 10⁻⁶. 6 hectares, with a total yield of 5.62 × 10⁶. 6 The total cotton planting area in Hunan Province was 5.59 × 10 tons. 4 Hectares, ranking fifth in the country after Xinjiang, Hubei, Shandong, and Hebei.

[0003] Cotton sowing is a crucial step in cotton production. With the accelerating pace of agricultural mechanization in my country, the demand for agricultural machinery that can save time, reduce labor intensity, and improve production efficiency is increasing. Hunan Province, mostly hilly and mountainous, suffers from a significantly lower agricultural mechanization rate than the national average due to its unique topography and soil conditions. This shortage of suitable cotton sowing machinery has had a very negative impact on the cotton industry. Therefore, to address the low level of mechanization and automation in cotton sowing in Hunan Province, a multi-functional sowing machine has been designed. This machine can complete basic processes such as rotary tillage, ridging and ditching, fertilization, sowing, covering, compaction, and pesticide application in one operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a multi-functional seeder that can complete rotary tillage, ridging and ditching, fertilization, sowing, covering, compaction and spraying in one operation, and complete multiple functions in one field operation, with high efficiency.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a multi-functional seeder, which is equipped with a rotary tillage device, a ridging and ditching device, a fertilizer dispensing device, a seeding device, a compaction and covering device, and a pesticide spraying system on the frame. The ridging and ditching device is installed on the left and right sides of the rotary tillage device, the fertilizer dispensing device is installed behind the rotary tillage device, the seeding device is installed behind the fertilizer dispensing device, the compaction and covering device is installed behind the seeding device, and the pesticide spraying system is installed behind the compaction and covering device.

[0006] In a further technical solution, a three-point suspension mechanism is installed on the frame. The rotary tillage device includes a gearbox, a rotary tillage roller system, an intermediate plow body, a soil retaining plate, an arc-shaped drag plate, and side mounting plates. The gearbox drives the rotary tillage roller system to rotate. The intermediate plow body is fixedly connected to the gearbox housing and is installed in the center of the rotary tillage roller system. The soil retaining plate covers the rotary tillage roller system. The arc-shaped drag plate is located behind the rotary tillage roller system. The side mounting plates are located on the left and right sides of the rotary tillage roller system. The soil retaining plate, the arc-shaped drag plate, and the side mounting plates form a box. The rotary tillage roller system and the intermediate plow body are located inside the box. The arc-shaped drag plate is arched with a high center and low sides.

[0007] In a further technical solution, the rotary tiller system includes left and right rotary tillers, which are mirror-symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the central plow body. The rotary tiller includes a cutter shaft and rotary tillers. Ten sets of rotary tillers are installed on the cutter shaft. Each set of rotary tillers has two rotary tillers in the same plane of rotation. The rotary tillers are installed on the cutter shaft according to a double-headed spiral pattern, with the tips of the rotary tillers pointing towards the central plow body. After tilling, the center of the ground protrudes, and after being leveled by an arc-shaped drag plate, it forms an arched surface that is high in the middle and low on both sides.

[0008] In a further technical solution, the ridging and ditching device includes a front plow, a rear plow, a first side wing plate, and a second side wing plate. The front plow is located in front of the left and right cutter rollers, and the rear plow is located behind the left and right cutter rollers. The front plow is higher than the rear plow, and the first and second side wing plates are located behind the rear plow. The front plow includes a plowshare and a plowshare, with the plowshare installed above the plowshare. The plowshare and plowshare are inclined towards the inside of the rotary tillage device. The plowshare cuts clods on the uncultivated surface, and the clods are lifted obliquely a certain distance by the action of the plowshare and then turned inward. After being broken up by the rotary tiller system, part of the soil is thrown towards the center of the bed, while the other part falls back into the furrow opened by the front plow. At this point, the rear plow again turns over the soil that has slid back into the furrow, and the rotary tiller system breaks it up again. Part of the broken soil is thrown towards the center of the bed again, and the other part falls back into the furrow. The first and second side plates compress the loosened soil into the furrow walls, and finally form the furrow. The first side plate is located on the outside of the furrow, and the second side plate is located on the inside of the furrow.

[0009] In a further technical solution, the sowing device includes two sowing frames, two sowing units, a sowing main shaft, two sowing intermediate shafts, and two first contouring mechanisms; one end of the sowing frame is connected to the machine frame, and the other end is connected to the sowing unit;

[0010] The sowing unit includes a seed box, a seed metering tube, a seed metering device, a seed guide tube, and a double-disc sowing furrow opener. The two ends of the seed metering tube are connected to the seed box and the seed metering device, respectively. The two ends of the seed guide tube are connected to the seed metering device and the double-disc sowing furrow opener, respectively. The lower end of the seed guide tube is located in the middle of the double-disc sowing furrow opener. The sowing main shaft is connected to the sowing intermediate shaft, and the sowing intermediate shaft is connected to the seed metering device.

[0011] The first contouring mechanism includes a first spring rod, a first spring, and a first handle. The two ends of the first spring rod are connected to the machine frame and the first handle, respectively. The first spring rod is inserted into the first spring, and the two ends of the first spring abut against the seeding frame and the first handle, respectively.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the fertilizer discharging device includes a fertilizer box, two fertilizer dispensers, two fertilizer discharging pipes, two fertilizer double-disc furrow openers, and a fertilizer discharging main shaft. The fertilizer dispensers are installed below the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer discharging main shaft is connected to the fertilizer dispensers. The fertilizer double-disc furrow openers are located below the fertilizer dispensers and are mounted on the frame. The two ends of the fertilizer discharging pipes are connected to the fertilizer dispensers and the fertilizer double-disc furrow openers, respectively, and the lower end of the fertilizer discharging pipes is located in the middle of the fertilizer double-disc furrow openers. The two fertilizer double-disc furrow openers are located between the two seeding double-disc furrow openers. Two partitions are set at both ends inside the fertilizer box, so that the fertilizer box forms a large box and two small boxes. The two fertilizer dispensers are installed below the large box.

[0013] In a further technical solution, the compaction and covering device includes a traction beam, a second contouring mechanism, a cage-type covering and compaction wheel, and a soil removal device. The two ends of the traction beam are connected to the frame and the cage-type covering and compaction wheel, respectively, and the soil removal device is installed on the traction beam.

[0014] The cage-type soil compaction wheel includes a compaction wheel axle, three wheel discs, two soil compaction discs, cage bars, and two drive cam gears. The three wheel discs are symmetrically arranged at intervals on the compaction wheel axle. Cage bars are installed obliquely on the circumference of adjacent two wheel discs, and the cage bars are evenly and symmetrically arranged on the wheel discs. The two soil compaction discs and the two drive cam gears are installed on the cage bars, and the two drive cam gears are located between the two soil compaction discs. The outer surface of the drive cam gears is provided with protruding teeth.

[0015] The soil removal device includes a soil removal beam and two soil removal plates. The soil removal beam is connected to the traction beam, and the two soil removal plates are installed on the soil removal beam. The two soil removal plates abut against two soil covering and compaction discs respectively.

[0016] The second contouring mechanism includes a second spring rod, a second spring, and a second handle. The two ends of the second spring rod are connected to the frame and the second handle, respectively. The second spring rod is inserted into the second spring, and the two ends of the second spring abut against the traction beam and the second handle, respectively.

[0017] In a further technical solution, a chain drive system is included, comprising a first chain, a second chain, a third chain, a first sprocket, a second sprocket, a third sprocket, a fourth sprocket, a fifth sprocket, a sixth sprocket, and an intermediate sprocket shaft. The first sprocket is mounted on the press wheel shaft, the intermediate sprocket shaft is mounted on the traction beam, the second and third sprockets are mounted on the intermediate sprocket shaft, the fourth and fifth sprockets are mounted on the sowing main shaft, and the sixth sprocket is mounted on the fertilizer discharge main shaft. The first chain is connected to the second and third sprockets, the second chain is connected to the third and fourth sprockets, and the third chain is connected to the fifth and sixth sprockets. The cage-type soil-covering press wheel drives the sowing device and the fertilizer discharge device through the chain drive system.

[0018] In a further technical solution, the spraying system includes a medicine tank, a gasoline sprayer, a medicine inlet pipe, a medicine return pipe, a high-pressure spraying pipe, and a high-pressure nozzle; the medicine inlet pipe and the medicine return pipe are connected to the medicine tank and the gasoline sprayer at both ends, the high-pressure nozzle is connected to the high-pressure spraying pipe, the high-pressure spraying pipe is connected to the gasoline sprayer, and the high-pressure nozzle is located behind the compaction and covering device.

[0019] Further technical solutions include a seeding and fertilization intelligent monitoring system and an electronic control system. The seeding and fertilization intelligent monitoring system includes an intelligent alarm, a seed sensor probe, and a fertilizer sensor probe. The seed sensor probe detects the seed metering signal in real time, and the fertilizer sensor probe detects the fertilizer metering signal in real time. The seed sensor probe and the fertilizer sensor probe feed this information back to the intelligent alarm in real time. When no seeds or fertilizer fall, the intelligent alarm will issue an alarm signal.

[0020] The electrical control system includes a GPS intelligent controller, a seeding motor, a fertilizer dispensing motor, and an acreage measuring instrument. The seeding motor is connected to the seeding main shaft, and the fertilizer dispensing motor is connected to the fertilizer dispensing main shaft. The acreage measuring instrument is connected to the GPS intelligent controller and is used to set seeding parameters, fertilizer parameters, and measure the acreage. The GPS intelligent controller controls and adjusts the speed of the seeding motor and the fertilizer dispensing motor in real time based on the travel speed of the multi-functional seeder and the seeding and fertilizer parameters.

[0021] The advantages of this multi-functional seeder compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0022] This invention enables the completion of rotary tillage, ridging and ditching, fertilization, sowing, covering, compaction, and pesticide application in a single operation, achieving multiple functions in one field session with high efficiency. The sowing and fertilization processes can be driven by either a chain or a motor, depending on field conditions. When chain drive is selected, the cage-type covering and compaction wheel drives the sowing and fertilizer dispensing devices via the chain drive system. The transmission ratio between the cage-type covering and compaction wheel, the sowing device, and the fertilizer dispensing device is stable and reliable, while also saving energy and reducing emissions.

[0023] When selecting a motor drive, the chain drive system must first be removed and replaced with a GPS intelligent controller, which can measure the machine's speed in real time. The speed of the sowing motor and fertilizer discharge motor changes with the speed of travel, allowing for adjustments to the sowing and fertilizer discharge amounts. The GPS intelligent controller is equipped with an acreage meter, enabling the driver to adjust sowing and fertilizer parameters and measure the acreage in a timely manner. It is easy to operate and highly automated.

[0024] Hunan Province, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, experiences abundant rainfall during the cotton planting season. Cotton is a water-sensitive crop, necessitating timely drainage in the construction of the seedbed beds. This invention constructs the seedbed beds by mounting rotary tillers on the blade shaft in a double-helix pattern. The rotary tillers are arranged internally, with their tips pointing towards the central plow body. After tilling, the central part of the ground bulges, which is then leveled by an arc-shaped dragline, forming an arched seedbed that is higher in the middle and lower on both sides. The furrows utilize a front plow-rotary tiller-rear plow ridging and furrowing scheme, facilitating drainage to the furrows on both sides and meeting agronomic requirements.

[0025] 3. To prevent weeds from affecting cotton seedling growth, farmers typically use backpack sprayers to apply pre-emergent herbicides after cotton sowing. This invention features a spraying system that allows for simultaneous application of pre-emergent herbicides after cotton sowing, saving time and effort and increasing efficiency.

[0026] 4. The sowing unit is hinged to the frame, and the first contouring mechanism enables the single row to autonomously contour itself, improving the consistency of sowing depth. The second contouring mechanism enables the cage-type soil covering and compaction wheel to autonomously contour itself, improving the consistency of compaction and soil covering, and meeting the agronomic requirements of cotton production.

[0027] 5. To prevent the cage-type soil covering and pressing wheel from slipping during operation, the present invention provides two driving cam gears on the cage-type soil covering and pressing wheel, which increases the friction between the cage-type soil covering and pressing wheel and the ground during operation, thereby preventing the cage-type soil covering and pressing wheel from slipping during operation and ensuring orderly and reliable sowing and fertilization.

[0028] 6. To prevent problems such as missed sowing and missed application caused by blockages and insufficient stock in the seed and fertilizer boxes during sowing and fertilization, this invention has a blockage and missed sowing alarm function, realizing real-time online monitoring and early warning of sowing and fertilization, and improving the reliability and quality of operations. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-functional seeder according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-functional seeder structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotary tillage ridging and ditching device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the seeding device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the chain drive system structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the fertilization device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer box structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the soil covering and compaction device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the spraying system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the first embodiment of the present invention preferably provides a multi-functional seeder. A rotary tillage device 2, a ridging and ditching device 3, a fertilizer applicator 5, a seeding device 4, a compaction and covering device 6, and a pesticide spraying system 7 are mounted on the frame 1. The ridging and ditching device 3 is installed on the left and right sides of the rotary tillage device 2, the fertilizer applicator 5 is installed behind the rotary tillage device 2, the seeding device 4 is installed behind the fertilizer applicator 5, the compaction and covering device 6 is installed behind the seeding device 4, and the pesticide spraying system 7 is installed behind the compaction and covering device 6. This invention enables the completion of rotary tillage, ridging and ditching, fertilization, seeding, covering, compaction, and pesticide spraying in a single operation, achieving multiple functions in one field operation, resulting in high efficiency.

[0041] As shown in Figure 3, a three-point suspension mechanism 10 is installed on the frame 1. The rotary tillage device 2 includes a gearbox 21, a rotary tillage roller system, an intermediate plow body 23, a soil retaining cover 24, an arc-shaped drag plate 25, and a side mounting plate 26. The gearbox 21 drives the rotary tillage roller system to rotate. The intermediate plow body 23 is fixedly connected to the housing of the gearbox 21 and is installed in the center of the rotary tillage roller system. The soil retaining cover 24 covers the rotary tillage roller system. The arc-shaped drag plate 25 is located behind the rotary tillage roller system. The side mounting plate 26 is located on the left and right sides of the rotary tillage roller system. The soil retaining cover 24, the arc-shaped drag plate 25, and the side mounting plate 26 form a box. The rotary tillage roller system and the intermediate plow body 23 are located inside the box. The arc-shaped drag plate 25 is arched with a high center and low sides.

[0042] The rotary tiller system includes left and right rotary tillers 22, which are mirror-symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the central plow body 23. The rotary tiller 22 includes a cutter shaft 220 and rotary tillers 221. Ten sets of rotary tillers 221 are installed on the cutter shaft 220. Each set of rotary tillers 221 has two rotary tillers 221 in the same rotation plane. The rotary tillers 221 are installed on the cutter shaft 220 according to the double-headed spiral rule, and the tips of the rotary tillers 221 face the central plow body 23. After tilling, the middle of the ground protrudes, and after being leveled by the arc-shaped drag plate 25, an arched surface with a high middle and low sides is formed.

[0043] As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the ridging and ditching device 3 includes a front plow 31, a rear plow 32, a first side wing plate 33, and a second side wing plate 34. The front plow 31 is located in front of the left and right cutter rollers 22, and the rear plow 32 is located behind the left and right cutter rollers 22. The front plow 31 is higher than the rear plow 32. The first side wing plate 33 and the second side wing plate 34 are located behind the rear plow 32. The front plow 31 includes a plowshare 310 and a plowshare 311. The plowshare 311 is installed above the plowshare 310, and the plowshare 310 and the plowshare 311 are inclined towards the inner side of the rotary tillage device 2. The plowshare 310 cuts out clods on the uncultivated ground surface, and the clods are formed by the plowshare 310. After being lifted obliquely a certain distance by the action of 11, the soil is flipped inward and broken by the rotary tiller system. Part of the soil is thrown towards the center of the bed, and the other part falls back into the furrow opened by the front plow 31. At this time, the rear plow 32 lifts the soil that has slid back into the furrow again, and the rotary tiller system breaks it again. Part of the broken soil is thrown towards the center of the bed again, and part of it falls back into the furrow. The first side plate 33 and the second side plate 34 compress the loose soil into the shape of the ditch wall, and finally form the furrow. The first side plate 33 is located on the outside of the furrow, and the second side plate 34 is located on the inside of the furrow.

[0044] As shown in Figure 4, the sowing device 4 includes two sowing frames 40, two sowing units, a sowing main shaft 41, two sowing intermediate shafts 43, and two first contouring mechanisms 42. One end of the sowing frame 40 is connected to the frame 1, and the other end is connected to the sowing unit. The sowing unit includes a seed box 44, a seed metering pipe 45, a seed metering device 46, a seed guide pipe 47, and a double-disc sowing furrow opener 48. The double-disc sowing furrow opener 48 does not disturb the soil layer, allowing the seeds to fall into the soil and complete soil return and covering. The two ends of the seed metering pipe 45 are connected to the seed box 44 and the seed metering device 46, respectively. The two ends of the seed guide pipe 47 are connected to the seed metering device 46 and the double-disc sowing furrow opener 48, respectively. The lower end of the seed guide pipe 47 is located in the middle of the double-disc sowing furrow opener 48. The sowing main shaft 41 is connected to the sowing intermediate shaft 43, and the sowing intermediate shaft 43 is connected to the seed metering device 46. The first contouring mechanism 42 includes a first spring rod 421, a first spring 422, and a first handle 420. The two ends of the first spring rod 421 are connected to the frame 1 and the first handle 420, respectively. The first spring rod 421 is inserted into the first spring 422, and the two ends of the first spring 422 abut against the sowing frame 40 and the first handle 420, respectively. The first contouring mechanism 42 can stabilize the sowing furrow depth, improve the consistency of sowing depth, and ensure that cotton seeds emerge evenly and uniformly.

[0045] As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the fertilizer discharging device 5 includes a fertilizer box 50, two fertilizer dispensers 52, two fertilizer discharging pipes 53, two fertilizer double-disc furrow openers 54, and a fertilizer discharging main shaft 51. The fertilizer dispensers 52 are installed below the fertilizer box 50, and the fertilizer discharging main shaft 51 is connected to the fertilizer dispensers 52. The fertilizer double-disc furrow openers 54 are located below the fertilizer dispensers 52 and are installed on the frame 1. The two ends of the fertilizer discharging pipes 53 are connected to the fertilizer dispensers 52 and the fertilizer double-disc furrow openers 54, respectively, and the lower end of the fertilizer discharging pipes 53 is located in the middle of the fertilizer double-disc furrow openers 54. The two fertilizer double-disc furrow openers 54 are located between the two seeding double-disc furrow openers 48. Two partitions 500 are set at both ends inside the fertilizer box 50, so that the fertilizer box 50 forms a large box and two small boxes. The two fertilizer dispensers 53 are installed below the large box. The large box is used to store fertilizer, while the two small boxes can be used to store cotton seeds, repair tools, and easily damaged parts, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0046] As shown in Figure 8, the compaction and covering device 6 includes a traction beam 60, a second contouring mechanism 61 (as shown in Figure 1), a cage-type covering and compaction wheel 62, and a soil removal device 63. The two ends of the traction beam 60 are connected to the frame 1 and the cage-type covering and compaction wheel 62, respectively, and the soil removal device 63 is installed on the traction beam 60.

[0047] The cage-type soil compaction wheel 62 includes a compaction wheel shaft 64, three wheel discs 620, two soil compaction discs 623, cage bars 621, and two drive cam gears 622. The three wheel discs 620 are symmetrically arranged at intervals on the compaction wheel shaft 64. Cage bars 621 are installed obliquely in the circumferential direction of adjacent two wheel discs 620, and the cage bars 621 are evenly and symmetrically arranged on the wheel discs 620. The two soil compaction discs 623 and the two drive cam gears 622 are installed on the cage bars 621, and the two drive cam gears 622 are located between the two soil compaction discs 623. The outer surface of the drive cam gears 622 is provided with protruding teeth.

[0048] The soil removal device 63 includes a soil removal beam 630 and two soil removal plates 631. The soil removal beam 630 is connected to the traction beam 60. The two soil removal plates 631 are installed on the soil removal beam 630 and abut against two soil compaction discs 623 respectively. The soil removal plates 631 remove the soil that is stuck to the soil compaction discs 623.

[0049] As shown in Figure 6, the second contouring mechanism 61 includes a second spring rod 611, a second spring 612, and a second handle 610. The two ends of the second spring rod 611 are connected to the frame 1 and the second handle 610, respectively. The second spring rod 611 is inserted into the second spring 612, and the two ends of the second spring 612 abut against the traction beam 60 and the second handle 610, respectively. The second contouring mechanism 61 can achieve consistent compaction depth according to ground undulations. The cage-type soil-covering and compaction wheel 62 provides downward pressure through its own weight and the elastic force of the second spring 612 in the second contouring mechanism 61, thus covering and compacting the seeds, making the land flat and compacted after sowing, ensuring sufficient contact between the soil and the seeds, and guaranteeing normal germination of the seeds in the later stages.

[0050] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the system includes a chain drive system 8, which comprises a first chain 80, a second chain 81, a third chain 82, a first sprocket 84, a second sprocket 85, a third sprocket 86, a fourth sprocket 87, a fifth sprocket 88, a sixth sprocket 89, and an intermediate sprocket shaft 83. The first sprocket 84 is mounted on the press wheel shaft 64, the intermediate sprocket shaft 83 is mounted on the traction beam 60, the second sprocket 85 and the third sprocket 86 are mounted on the intermediate sprocket shaft 83, the fourth sprocket 87 and the fifth sprocket 88 are mounted on the sowing main shaft 41, and the sixth sprocket 89 is mounted on the fertilizer discharge main shaft 51. The first chain 80 is connected to the first sprocket 84 and the second sprocket 85, the second chain 81 is connected to the third sprocket 86 and the fourth sprocket 87, and the third chain 82 is connected to the fifth sprocket 88 and the sixth sprocket 89. The cage-type soil-covering press wheel 62 drives the sowing device 4 and the fertilizer discharge device 5 through the chain drive system 8.

[0051] To prevent weeds from affecting cotton seedling growth, farmers typically use backpack sprayers to apply pre-emergent herbicides after cotton sowing. This invention features a spraying system 7 that allows for simultaneous spraying of pre-emergent herbicides after cotton sowing, saving time and effort and increasing efficiency. As shown in Figure 9, the spraying system 7 includes a pesticide tank 71, a gasoline-powered sprayer 72, a pesticide inlet pipe 74, a pesticide return pipe 73, a high-pressure spraying pipe 75, and a high-pressure nozzle 76. The inlet pipe 74 and the return pipe 73 are connected at both ends to the pesticide tank 71 and the gasoline-powered sprayer 72. The high-pressure nozzle 76 is connected to the high-pressure spraying pipe 75, which in turn is connected to the gasoline-powered sprayer 72. The high-pressure nozzle 76 is located behind the compaction and covering device 6.

[0052] To prevent missed sowing and fertilization caused by blockages and insufficient seed and fertilizer storage during sowing and fertilization, this invention also includes an intelligent sowing and fertilization monitoring system. This system features blockage and missed sowing alarms, enabling real-time online monitoring and early warning of sowing and fertilizer application, thus improving the reliability and quality of operations. The intelligent sowing and fertilization monitoring system includes an intelligent alarm, a seed sensor probe, and a fertilizer sensor probe. The seed sensor probe detects the seed dispensing signal from the seed metering device 46 in real time, and the fertilizer sensor probe detects the fertilizer dispensing signal from the fertilizer metering device 52 in real time. Both the seed and fertilizer sensor probes feed this information back to the intelligent alarm in real time. When no seeds or fertilizer are dispensed, the intelligent alarm issues an alarm signal.

[0053] The working process of the first embodiment of the present invention is as follows: During operation, the multi-functional seeder of the present invention is connected to the rear of the tractor via a three-point suspension mechanism 10. During operation, the tractor's PTO and gearbox 21 are connected via a universal joint, and the gearbox 21 transmits power to the rotary tiller system. First, cotton seeds and fertilizer are loaded into the seed box 44 and fertilizer box 50, respectively. As the tractor moves forward, the left and right rotary tillers 22 begin to till the soil, creating a raised center on the ground. Simultaneously, the plowshare 310 of the furrowing plow 31 cuts clods on the untilled surface. These clods are then lifted obliquely by the plowshare 311 and flipped inwards towards the rotary tiller system. The left and right rotary tillers 22 further break up the soil, with some being thrown towards the center of the bed and others falling back into the furrow created by the front plow 31. At this point, the rear plow 32 again lifts up the soil that has slipped back into the furrow, and the left and right rotary tillers 22 break it up again. Some of the broken soil is thrown towards the center of the bed again, and some falls back into the furrow. The soil is now relatively loose. As the multi-purpose seeder moves forward, the rear plow 32's bottom plate compacts the loose soil at the bottom of the furrow. The first side wing 33 and the second side wing 34 further compress the loose soil into furrow walls, ultimately forming the furrow. Simultaneously, the curved drag plate 25 levels the soil, creating an arched bed that is high in the middle and low on both sides. During operation, the double-disc furrow opener 48 for sowing and the double-disc furrow opener 54 for fertilizing create seed furrows and fertilizing furrows, respectively. The cage-type soil-covering and pressing wheel 62 rotates under the traction of the tractor and the frictional resistance provided by the ground. Power is transmitted through the chain drive system 8 to drive the sowing device 4 and the fertilizer discharge device 5. Cotton seeds fall into the seed furrow through the seed discharge pipe 45, seed metering device 46, and seed guide pipe 47, while fertilizer falls into the fertilizer furrow through the fertilizer discharge pipe 53, completing the sowing and fertilizing operations. After sowing and fertilizing are completed, the pesticide solution in the pesticide tank 71 first enters the gasoline sprayer 72 through the inlet pipe 74, then flows into the high-pressure spray pipe 75 and high-pressure nozzle 76. After spraying is complete, the residual pesticide solution in the gasoline sprayer 72 and the high-pressure spray pipe 75 flows back to the pesticide tank 71 through the return pipe 73, and finally is discharged by unscrewing the plug at the bottom of the pesticide tank 71. At this point, the multi-functional seeder has completed the entire operation process. When no seeds or fertilizer fall from the seed metering device 46 or fertilizer metering device 52, the seed sensor probe and fertilizer sensor probe will send this information to the intelligent alarm in real time, so as to quickly solve the problems of missed sowing, missed application and blockage.

[0054] As shown in Figure 2, the present invention also provides a second embodiment, which differs from the first embodiment in that: based on the first embodiment, the chain drive system 8 is removed and an electronic control system is installed. The electronic control system includes a GPS intelligent controller, a seeding motor 91, a fertilizer discharge motor 92, and an acreage measuring instrument; the seeding motor 91 is connected to the seeding main shaft 41, and the fertilizer discharge motor 92 is connected to the fertilizer discharge main shaft 51; the acreage measuring instrument is connected to the GPS intelligent controller and is used to set seeding parameters, fertilizer parameters, and measure the acreage; the GPS intelligent controller controls and adjusts the speeds of the seeding motor 91 and the fertilizer discharge motor 92 in real time according to the multi-functional seeder's travel speed and seeding and fertilizer parameters. Using a GPS intelligent controller, the machine's travel speed can be measured in real time, and the speeds of the seeding motor 91 and the fertilizer discharge motor 92 change with the travel speed, realizing the adjustment of seeding and fertilizer discharge amounts. The GPS intelligent controller is equipped with an acreage measuring instrument, allowing the operator to adjust seeding and fertilizer parameters and measure the acreage in a timely manner, making operation convenient and highly automated.

[0055] The techniques not described above are common knowledge to those skilled in the art. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional seeder, characterized in that, A rotary tillage device (2), a ridging and ditching device (3), a fertilizer discharge device (5), a seeding device (4), a compaction and covering device (6), and a pesticide spraying system (7) are installed on the frame (1). The ridging and ditching device (3) is installed on the left and right sides of the rotary tillage device (2), the fertilizer discharge device (5) is installed behind the rotary tillage device (2), the seeding device (4) is installed behind the fertilizer discharge device (5), the compaction and covering device (6) is installed behind the seeding device (4), and the pesticide spraying system (7) is installed behind the compaction and covering device (6). A three-point suspension mechanism (10) is installed on the frame (1). The rotary tillage device (2) includes a gearbox (21), a rotary tillage roller system, an intermediate plow body (23), a soil retaining cover (24), an arc-shaped drag plate (25), and side panels. Mounting plate (26); gearbox (21) drives rotary tiller system to rotate, intermediate plow body (23) is fixedly connected to gearbox (21) housing, intermediate plow body (23) is installed in the center of rotary tiller system; retaining cover plate (24) covers the rotary tiller system, arc-shaped drag plate (25) is located behind rotary tiller system, side mounting plate (26) is located on the left and right sides of rotary tiller system, retaining cover plate (24), arc-shaped drag plate (25) and side mounting plate (26) form a box, rotary tiller system and intermediate plow body (23) are located in the box; arc-shaped drag plate (25) is arched with high middle and low sides; ridging and ditching device (3) includes front plow (31), rear plow (32), first side wing plate (33), second side wing plate (34) 4); The front plow (31) is located in front of the left and right cutter rollers (22), and the rear plow (32) is located behind the left and right cutter rollers (22). The front plow (31) is higher than the rear plow (32), and the first side wing plate (33) and the second side wing plate (34) are located behind the rear plow (32). The front plow (31) includes a plowshare (310) and a plow wall (311). The plow wall (311) is installed above the plowshare (310). The plowshare (310) and the plow wall (311) are inclined towards the inside of the rotary tillage device (2). The plowshare (310) cuts out soil clods on the uncultivated ground surface. The soil clods are lifted obliquely a certain distance by the action of the plow wall (311) and then flipped inward. After being broken by the rotary tillage cutter roller system, part of them are thrown to the center of the bed, and the other part falls back into the opening made by the front plow (31). In the furrow, the rear plow (32) once again lifts and turns over the soil that has slipped back into the furrow, and the rotary tiller system breaks it up again. Part of the broken soil is thrown towards the center of the furrow surface, and part of it falls back into the furrow. The first side wing plate (33) and the second side wing plate (34) respectively compress the loose soil into the shape of the ditch wall, and finally form the furrow. The first side wing plate (33) is located on the outside of the furrow, and the second side wing plate (34) is located on the inside of the furrow. The compaction and covering device (6) includes a traction beam (60), a second contouring mechanism (61), a cage-type covering and compaction wheel (62), and a soil removal device (63). The two ends of the traction beam (60) are connected to the frame (1) and the cage-type covering and compaction wheel (62) respectively, and the soil removal device (63) is installed on the traction beam (60).The cage-type soil-covering compaction wheel (62) includes a compaction wheel shaft (64), three wheel discs (620), two soil-covering compaction discs (623), cage bars (621), and two drive cams (622). The three wheel discs (620) are symmetrically arranged on the compaction wheel shaft (64) at intervals. Cage bars (621) are installed obliquely in the circumferential direction of two adjacent wheel discs (620), and the cage bars (621) are evenly and symmetrically arranged on the wheel discs (620). The two soil-covering compaction discs (623) and the two drive cams (622) are installed on the cage bars (621), and the two drive cams (622) are located between the two soil-covering compaction discs (623). The outer surface of the drive cams (622) is provided with protruding teeth. The soil removal device (63) includes a soil removal crossbar. The beam (630) and two soil removal plates (631) are connected to the traction beam (60). The two soil removal plates (631) are installed on the soil removal beam (630) and the two soil removal plates (631) abut against two soil covering and compaction discs (623) respectively. The second contouring mechanism (61) includes a second spring rod (611), a second spring (612), and a second handle (610). The two ends of the second spring rod (611) are connected to the frame (1) and the second handle (610) respectively. The second spring rod (611) is inserted into the second spring (612). The two ends of the second spring (612) abut against the traction beam (60) and the second handle (610) respectively. The mechanism includes a chain drive system (8). The chain drive system (8) includes a chain drive system (8) that includes a chain drive system (623) that includes a chain drive system (623) that includes a chain drive system (623) that includes a chain drive system (623) that includes a chain drive system (630) and ... The system includes a first chain (80), a second chain (81), a third chain (82), a first sprocket (84), a second sprocket (85), a third sprocket (86), a fourth sprocket (87), a fifth sprocket (88), a sixth sprocket (89), and an intermediate sprocket shaft (83). The first sprocket (84) is mounted on the press wheel shaft (64), the intermediate sprocket shaft (83) is mounted on the traction beam (60), the second sprocket (85) and the third sprocket (86) are mounted on the intermediate sprocket shaft (83), the fourth sprocket (87) and the fifth sprocket (88) are mounted on the sowing main shaft (41), and the sixth sprocket (89) is mounted on the fertilizer discharge main shaft (51). The first chain (80) is connected to the first sprocket (84) and the second sprocket (85). The chain (81) is connected to the third sprocket (86) and the fourth sprocket (87), and the third chain (82) is connected to the fifth sprocket (88) and the sixth sprocket (89); the cage-type soil covering and pressing wheel (62) drives the sowing device (4) and the fertilizer discharge device (5) through the chain drive system (8); including a sowing and fertilization intelligent monitoring system and an electrical control system; the sowing and fertilization intelligent monitoring system includes an intelligent alarm, a seed sensor probe, and a fertilizer sensor probe. The seed sensor probe detects the seed discharge signal of the seed metering device (46) in real time, and the fertilizer sensor probe detects the fertilizer discharge signal of the fertilizer metering device (52) in real time. The seed sensor probe and the fertilizer sensor probe feed this information back to the intelligent alarm in real time. When no seeds or fertilizer fall, the intelligent alarm issues an alarm signal;The electrical control system includes a GPS intelligent controller, a seeding motor (91), a fertilizer discharge motor (92), and an acreage measuring instrument. The seeding motor (91) is connected to the seeding main shaft (41), and the fertilizer discharge motor (92) is connected to the fertilizer discharge main shaft (51). The acreage measuring instrument is connected to the GPS intelligent controller and is used to set seeding parameters, fertilizer parameters, and measure the acreage of the operation. The GPS intelligent controller controls and adjusts the speed of the seeding motor (91) and the fertilizer discharge motor (92) in real time according to the driving speed of the multi-functional seeder and the seeding and fertilizer parameters. The system can choose between chain drive or motor drive according to the field operation conditions. When chain drive is selected, the cage-type soil covering and pressing wheel drives the seeding device and the fertilizer discharge device through the chain drive system. When motor drive is selected, the chain drive system needs to be removed first. The GPS intelligent controller can measure the machine's driving speed in real time, and the speed of the seeding motor and the fertilizer discharge motor changes with the driving speed to adjust the seeding and fertilizer discharge amounts.

2. The multi-functional seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary tiller system includes left and right rotary tillers (22), which are mirror-symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the central plow body (23). The rotary tiller (22) includes a cutter shaft (220) and rotary tillers (221). Ten sets of rotary tillers (221) are installed on the cutter shaft (220). Each set of rotary tillers (221) has two rotary tillers (221) in the same rotation plane. The rotary tillers (221) are installed on the cutter shaft (220) according to the double-headed spiral rule. The tips of the rotary tillers (221) face the central plow body (23). After tilling, the middle of the ground protrudes. After being leveled by the arc-shaped drag plate (25), an arched surface with a high middle and low sides is formed.

3. The multi-functional seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sowing device (4) includes two sowing frames (40), two sowing units, a sowing main shaft (41), two sowing intermediate shafts (43), and two first contouring mechanisms (42). One end of the sowing frame (40) is connected to the frame (1), and the other end is connected to the sowing unit. The sowing unit includes a seed box (44), a seed metering pipe (45), a seed metering device (46), a seed guide pipe (47), and a double-disc sowing furrow opener (48). The two ends of the seed metering pipe (45) are connected to the seed box (44) and the seed metering device (46) respectively, and the two ends of the seed guide pipe (47) are connected to the seed metering device (46) and the double-disc sowing furrow opener (48) respectively. The lower end of the seed guide tube (47) is located in the middle of the double-disc furrow opener (48) for sowing; the sowing main shaft (41) is connected to the sowing intermediate shaft (43), and the sowing intermediate shaft (43) is connected to the seed metering device (46); the first contouring mechanism (42) includes a first spring rod (421), a first spring (422), and a first handle (420). The two ends of the first spring rod (421) are connected to the frame (1) and the first handle (420) respectively. The first spring rod (421) is inserted into the first spring (422), and the two ends of the first spring (422) abut against the sowing frame (40) and the first handle (420) respectively.

4. The multi-functional seeder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fertilizer discharge device (5) includes a fertilizer tank (50), two fertilizer dischargers (52), two fertilizer discharge pipes (53), two fertilizer double-disc furrow openers (54), and a fertilizer discharge main shaft (51). The fertilizer dischargers (52) are installed below the fertilizer tank (50), and the fertilizer discharge main shaft (51) is connected to the fertilizer dischargers (52). The fertilizer double-disc furrow openers (54) are located below the fertilizer dischargers (52) and are installed on the frame (1). The fertilizer discharge pipes (53) are connected to the main shaft (51). The two ends of the fertilizer tube (53) are connected to the fertilizer applicator (52) and the fertilizer double disc furrow opener (54) respectively. The lower end of the fertilizer applicator (53) is located in the middle of the fertilizer double disc furrow opener (54). The two fertilizer double disc furrow openers (54) are located between the two seeding double disc furrow openers (48). Two partitions (500) are set at both ends inside the fertilizer box (50) so that the fertilizer box (50) forms a large box and two small boxes. The two fertilizer applicators (52) are installed below the large box.

5. The multi-functional seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spraying system (7) includes a medicine tank (71), a gasoline sprayer (72), a medicine inlet pipe (74), a medicine return pipe (73), a high-pressure spraying pipe (75), and a high-pressure nozzle (76). The medicine inlet pipe (74) and the medicine return pipe (73) are connected to the medicine tank (71) and the gasoline sprayer (72) at both ends. The high-pressure nozzle (76) is connected to the high-pressure spraying pipe (75), and the high-pressure spraying pipe (75) is connected to the gasoline sprayer (72). The high-pressure nozzle (76) is located behind the compaction and covering device (6).

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