A soil remediation method for continuous cultivation of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.

Abstract

The present invention provides a soil remediation method for continuous cultivation of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting. The remediation method includes: (1) uniformly applying a composite soil remediation agent to the soil before plowing and turning it over evenly; (2) transplanting rice from late April to mid-May and harvesting rice from late August to mid-September; (3) planting Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. from late October to mid-November and harvesting Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. from late July to late August of the following year; the composite soil remediation agent includes: modified attapulgite, plant ash, lime and synergist. By adopting the method of rotating rice and applying the composite soil remediation agent, the present invention can effectively solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., reduce the occurrence of diseases and improve the economic benefits of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. growers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, and particularly relates to a method for soil remediation for continuous planting of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.. Background Art

[0002] Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., commonly known as Wu Yao, belongs to the genus Aconitum of the Ranunculaceae family. The tuberous roots formed by the lateral roots growing beside the mother root are called Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., which has medicinal values such as tonifying fire and assisting yang, dispelling cold-damp pathogens, etc., and has long been a commonly used medicinal material in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Hanzhong is the main production area of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., and the history of artificial cultivation has exceeded 300 years. In recent years, the planting scale of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. in Hanzhong City has developed rapidly. The annual output of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. in the whole city exceeds 5,000 tons, accounting for about half of the national output, and is mainly exported to countries such as South Korea and Japan.

[0003] In recent years, the market price of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. is relatively high. In order to improve economic benefits, growers have taken measures such as continuous planting of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. and increasing the amount of fertilizer application, resulting in serious soil acidification, nutrient imbalance, increased diseases, and a serious phenomenon of continuous cropping obstacles, causing great economic losses to local Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. growers and seriously affecting the development of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. industrialization. Therefore, the continuous cropping obstacle of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. In addition, Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. is extremely susceptible to diseases during the growth process, especially root diseases are particularly serious. Coupled with the fact that growers need to trim the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. during the planting process, and the Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. needs to be dug out at least twice to remove the weak lateral root buds to improve the quality of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.. However, after removing the lateral root buds, wounds will be left on the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., providing a breeding place for root diseases of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. such as Sclerotium rolfsii and root rot, resulting in a large-scale outbreak of root diseases of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.. Existing means mainly based on chemical pesticides such as carbendazim, mancozeb, and zhongshengmycin have little effect on controlling soil-borne diseases.

[0004] Chinese invention patent with the application number 201610100150.9 discloses a method for preventing and controlling root rot of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.. This planting method sterilizes the tubers before planting and fumigates the soil with chemicals, and reasonably densifies the planting, and uses a special organic base fertilizer. The organic base fertilizer includes tobacco leaves, medical stone, plant ash, fly ash, olive oil waste residue, urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate, potassium humate, amino acids, citric acid, and fungicides. By adjusting the pH value of the soil before planting, this patent improves the yield of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.; the use of the organic base fertilizer can increase the content of the active ingredient alkaloid, improve the drug effect and the utilization rate of fertilizers, reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and prevent the occurrence of root rot. However, this patent cannot prevent the continuous cropping obstacle of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., and uses more chemical reagents, with a risk of environmental pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for soil remediation for continuous cultivation of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Evenly apply a composite soil remediation agent to the soil before plowing the field, and plow evenly;

[0007] (2) Transplant rice seedlings from late April to mid-May, and harvest rice from late August to mid-September;

[0008] (3) Plant Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. from late October to mid-November, and harvest Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. from late July to late August of the following year;

[0009] Further, the composite soil remediation agent described in step (1) comprises: modified attapulgite, plant ash, lime and a synergist.

[0010] Further, the mass ratio between the modified attapulgite, plant ash, lime and synergist is 3-5:4-9:7-13:0.5-2.

[0011] Further, the preparation method of the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: Add attapulgite clay into a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.10-0.15 mol / L, stir at room temperature for 9-12 h, after standing and separating layers, discard the supernatant, and subject the precipitate to high-temperature treatment at 600-800 °C for 1-3 h, grind and sieve to obtain modified attapulgite.

[0012] Further, the mass ratio between the attapulgite clay and the calcium chloride solution is 1:5-8.

[0013] Further, the rotation speed of the stirring is 100-200 revolutions per minute.

[0014] Further, the potassium oxide content in the plant ash is 5%-10%.

[0015] Further, the synergist comprises at least one of Trichoderma, Bacillus, Pueraria lobata extract, mulberry leaf water extract and Psoralea corylifolia extract.

[0016] The Trichoderma comprises at least one of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma viride, the Bacillus comprises at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the Trichoderma and Bacillus are added in the form of bacterial powder, and the effective viable bacteria number in the bacterial powder is 1.5-1.7×10 9 cfu / g.

[0017] Further, the mass ratio of the kudzu root extract, the water extract of mulberry leaves, and the psoralea fruit extract is 1-2:1-2:3-5. The extracts in the synergist are added in the form of microcapsule powder, and the preparation steps of the microcapsule powder include: mixing the kudzu root extract, the water extract of mulberry leaves, and the psoralea fruit extract in proportion to obtain a mixed solution of the extracts, mixing the mixed solution with gum arabic evenly according to a weight ratio of 1:8-10, and then performing spray drying to obtain the microcapsule powder.

[0018] Further, the preparation method of the composite soil conditioner includes mixing modified attapulgite, plant ash, lime, and the synergist evenly in proportion and screening to obtain it.

[0019] Further, the application amount of the composite soil conditioner in the soil is 2 200-500 kg is applied per 667 m.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. By using modified attapulgite, plant ash, lime, and the synergist in combination, the present invention effectively improves the soil obstacle of aconite continuous cropping. At the same time, the composite soil conditioner provided by the present invention also has the effects of preventing and controlling southern blight, root rot, leaf spot disease, etc. The reason may be that the metabolites of Trichoderma stimulate the growth of Bacillus, playing a role in destroying harmful microorganisms in the soil, regulating the soil acidity and alkalinity, and dissolving harmful hyphae. The present invention also uses plant extracts in combination to achieve the effect of jointly preventing and controlling aconite diseases.

[0022] 2. The present invention also conducts rotation cultivation of rice and aconite, and combines with the composite soil conditioner applied in the continuous cropping soil, playing a role in balancing the microbial community structure in the soil, adsorbing excess nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements in the continuous cropping soil, and increasing the organic matter content in the soil. It can not only effectively solve the aconite continuous cropping obstacle, but also has a certain preventive and control effect on aconite diseases, further improving the aconite yield and having significant economic benefits. Specific embodiments

[0023] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope protected by the present invention.

[0024] In the following embodiments, the test methods or testing methods are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the raw materials and auxiliaries are all obtained from conventional commercial channels or prepared by conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0025] The present invention selects a aconite planting base in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province for experiments.

[0026] The synergist used in Examples 1-3 of the present invention is composed of Trichoderma, Bacillus and microcapsule powder containing extracts; among them, the effective viable count in the Trichoderma powder is 1.5×10 9 cfu / g, and the effective viable count in the Bacillus powder is 1.7×10 9 cfu / g.

[0027] The preparation method of the microcapsule powder containing extracts is as follows: Mix the pueraria root extract, mulberry leaf water extract and psoralea fruit extract according to a mass ratio of 1:2:5 to obtain a mixed solution of extracts, mix the mixed solution evenly with gum arabic according to a weight ratio of 1:8, and then carry out spray drying. The feeding rate of the spray drying is 25-45 ml / min, and the inlet air temperature is 80-110 °C to obtain the microcapsule powder.

[0028] The product number of the pueraria root extract is S27789, purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., the product number of the mulberry leaf water extract is S28490, purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., and the product number of the psoralea fruit extract is S29768, purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] A soil remediation method for continuous planting of aconite, the specific steps are as follows:

[0031] (1) Seven days before plowing, apply the compound soil remediation agent evenly to the soil for continuous planting of aconite at a ratio of 200 kg per 667 m 2 and plow evenly, with a plowing depth of 25-30 cm;

[0032] (2) Transplant rice seedlings in late April and harvest rice in late August;

[0033] (3) Start planting aconite in late October and harvest aconite in late July of the following year;

[0034] Among them, the planting method of aconite in step (2) includes: 1) In the continuous cropping soil of aconite, according to every 667 m 2Apply 2500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate into the upper-middle soil layer before plowing to sowing; 2) Soak the seeds in 1000-fold solution of 75% thiophanate-methyl WP for 25 minutes, air dry the moisture and reserve for use; 3) Adopt the sowing method of deep furrow and high ridge strip, with the furrow depth of 25 cm, the ridge width of 100 - 120 cm, 4 rows sown per ridge, row spacing of 25 cm, and plant spacing of 10 cm; 4) Spray herbicide to remove weeds 3 - 5 days after sowing; Apply topdressing at a rate of 20 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of superphosphate per mu 1 month after sowing. Perform root pruning twice after emergence, keep the larger plants and remove the smaller ones. The time interval between the two root prunings is about 1 month. Pinch the top when the seedling height reaches 35 cm. Conduct appropriate irrigation and pest control during the planting process of aconite roots.

[0035] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner is to uniformly mix modified attapulgite, plant ash, lime, and synergist according to a mass ratio of 3:4:7:0.5, and obtain it after screening.

[0036] The preparation method of the modified attapulgite includes the following steps: Add attapulgite clay into a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.15 mol / L, stir at a speed of 100 revolutions per minute at room temperature for 12 h. After standing and stratifying, discard the supernatant. Subject the precipitate to high-temperature treatment at 800 °C for 3 h, grind and sieve through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain modified attapulgite.

[0037] The mass ratio of the attapulgite clay to the calcium chloride solution is 1:5.

[0038] The potassium oxide content in the plant ash is 10%.

[0039] The synergist is composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and microcapsule powder; among them, the effective viable count in the Trichoderma harzianum powder is 1.5×10 9 cfu / g, and the effective viable count in the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1.7×10 9 cfu / g.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A soil remediation method for continuous planting of aconite roots, the specific steps are as follows:

[0042] (1) 7 days before plowing, uniformly apply the composite soil conditioner to the soil for continuous planting of aconite roots at a rate of 300 kg per 667 m 2 and plow evenly, with the plowing depth of 25 - 30 cm;

[0043] (2) Transplant rice seedlings in mid-May and harvest rice in mid-September;

[0044] (3) Aconite is planted in mid-November and harvested in late August of the following year;

[0045] Among them, the planting method of aconite described in step (2) includes: 1) Apply 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 m 2 in the continuous cropping soil of aconite, and apply it to the upper-middle soil layer before plowing to sowing; 2) Soak the seeds in 1000-fold liquid of 75% thiophanate-methyl WP for 25 minutes, dry the moisture and set aside; 3) Adopt the sowing method of deep ditch and high ridge strip, the ditch depth is 25 cm, the ridge width is 100-120 cm, sow 4 rows per ridge, the row spacing is 25 cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm; 4) Spray herbicide to remove weeds 3-5 days after sowing; Topdress with 20 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of superphosphate per mu 1 month after sowing. Carry out root pruning twice after emergence, keep the big ones and remove the small ones. The time interval between the two root prunings is about 1 month. Pinch the tip when the plant height is 35 cm. Apply appropriate amount of irrigation and pest control during the planting process of aconite.

[0046] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner is to mix attapulgite modified, plant ash, lime and composite microbial inoculant evenly according to the mass ratio of 5:9:13:2, and obtain it after screening.

[0047] The preparation method of the attapulgite modified includes the following steps: Add attapulgite clay into the calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.15 mol / L, stir at a speed of 100 revolutions per minute at room temperature for 12 h, after standing and stratifying, discard the supernatant, and subject the precipitate to high-temperature treatment at 800 °C for 3 h, grind and sieve through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite modified.

[0048] The mass ratio of the attapulgite clay to the calcium chloride solution is 1:8.

[0049] The potassium oxide content in the plant ash is 10%.

[0050] The synergist is composed of Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Bacillus subtilis, and microcapsule powder; among them, the effective viable count in the Trichoderma pseudokoningii powder is 1.5×10 9 CFU / g, and the effective viable count in the Bacillus subtilis powder is 1.7×10 9 CFU / g.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] A soil remediation method for continuous planting of aconite, the specific steps are as follows:

[0053] (1) Seven days before plowing, apply the composite soil conditioner at a rate of 667 m per 2Apply it evenly to the soil where aconite is continuously planted at a ratio of 500 kg, and plow it evenly. The plowing depth is 25 - 30 cm;

[0054] (2) Transplant rice seedlings in mid - May and harvest rice in late August;

[0055] (3) Start planting aconite in mid - November and harvest aconite in late August of the following year;

[0056] Among them, the planting method of aconite described in step (2) includes: 1) Apply 2500 kg of well - decomposed farmyard manure, 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate to the soil of continuous cropping of aconite per 667 m 2 and apply them to the upper - middle layer of the soil during plowing to sowing; 2) Soak the seeds in 1000 - fold liquid of 75% thiophanate - methyl WP for 25 min, air - dry the moisture and reserve for use; 3) Adopt the sowing method of deep - ditch high - ridge strips, with the ditch depth of 25 cm, the ridge width of 100 - 120 cm, sowing 4 rows per ridge, the row spacing of 25 cm, and the plant spacing of 10 cm; 4) Spray herbicides to remove weeds 3 - 5 days after sowing; Top - dress with 20 kg of urea, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of superphosphate per mu 1 month after sowing. Carry out root pruning twice after emergence, removing the small ones and keeping the large ones. The time interval between the two root prunings is about 1 month. Pinch the tip when the seedling height is 35 cm. Carry out appropriate irrigation and pest control during the planting process of aconite.

[0057] The preparation method of the composite soil conditioner is to mix attapulgite modified, plant ash, lime and composite microbial inoculum evenly according to the mass ratio of 4:7:10:1, and obtain it after screening.

[0058] The preparation method of the modified attapulgite includes the following steps: Add attapulgite clay to a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L, stir at a speed of 200 revolutions per minute at room temperature for 12 h, let it stand for stratification, discard the supernatant, subject the precipitate to high - temperature treatment at 800 °C for 3 h, grind and pass through a 100 - mesh sieve to obtain modified attapulgite.

[0059] The mass ratio of the attapulgite clay to the calcium chloride solution is 1:7.

[0060] The potassium oxide content in the plant ash is 10%.

[0061] The synergist is composed of Trichoderma viride, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and micro - capsule powder; among them, the effective viable count in the Trichoderma viride powder is 1.5×10 9 CFU / g, and the effective viable count in the Bacillus mucilaginosus powder is 1.7×10 9 CFU / g.

[0062] Control 1

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the composite soil remediation agent was not applied to the soil.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that the synergist was not applied.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] The difference from Example 1 is that rice was not rotated.

[0068] After rotating and planting twice (that is, rotating and planting rice and aconite twice while applying the composite soil remediation agent), the remediation effect and disease control effect of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were detected, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0069] Table 1 Remediation results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] Table 2 Disease control effects of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0073]

[0074] The results show that applying the composite soil remediation agent and rotating rice in the aconite planting soil can effectively increase the organic matter content in the soil, increase the soil pH value, reduce diseases, increase the aconite yield, and solve the continuous cropping obstacle in aconite planting.

[0075] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil remediation method for continuously planting aconite, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: (1) Seven days before ploughing, apply the composite soil remediation agent at a rate of 1000 mL / min per 667 m 2 Apply 200kg of the mixture evenly to the soil where the aconite is continuously planted, and till the soil evenly to a depth of 25-30cm; (2) Rice seedlings are transplanted in late April and harvested in late August; (3) Planting of aconite begins in late October and harvesting occurs in late July of the following year; The method for planting aconite in step (3) comprises: 1) planting aconite in the soil for continuous cropping at a rate of 667 m 2 1) Apply 2500kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of ammonium carbonate, 30kg of superphosphate, and 30kg of potassium sulfate to the middle and upper layers of soil in the cultivated land before sowing; 2) Soak the seeds in 75% thiophanate methyl WP 1000 times solution for 25 minutes, dry them and set aside; 3) Adopt the sowing method of deep furrows and high ridges, with a furrow depth of 25cm, a ridge width of 100-120cm, and 4 rows per ridge, with a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 10cm; 4) Spray herbicides to remove weeds 3-5 days after sowing; 1 month after sowing, apply topdressing according to 20kg of urea, 10kg of potassium sulfate, and 25kg of superphosphate per mu. After the seedlings emerge, perform root pruning twice, remove the small ones and keep the large ones, and the interval between the two root pruning is about 1 month. When the seedlings are 35cm high, remove the tips. During the planting of aconite, carry out appropriate irrigation and pest control; The preparation method of the composite soil remediation agent is to uniformly mix the modified attapulgite, plant ash, lime and synergist in a mass ratio of 3:4:7:0.5, and then sieve to obtain the composite soil remediation agent; The preparation method of the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: adding attapulgite to a calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.15 mol / L, stirring at a speed of 100 rpm for 12 hours at room temperature, standing for stratification, discarding the supernatant, treating the precipitate at a high temperature of 800° C. for 3 hours, grinding, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the modified attapulgite; The mass ratio of the attapulgite to the calcium chloride solution is 1:5; The content of potassium oxide in the plant ash is 10%; The synergist is composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and microcapsule powder; wherein the effective viable bacteria count in the Trichoderma harzianum powder is 1.5×10 9 The effective number of live bacteria in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder is 1.7×10 9 pcs / g; The preparation method of the microcapsule powder comprises the following steps: mixing kudzu root extract, mulberry leaf water extract and psoralea corylifolia extract in a mass ratio of 1:2:5 to obtain a mixed solution of the extracts, uniformly mixing the mixed solution with gum arabic in a weight ratio of 1:8, and then spray drying, wherein the feed rate of the spray drying is 25-45 ml / min and the inlet air temperature is 80-110° C. to obtain the microcapsule powder.

Images