Sub-symbol discovery signal

Abstract

In some aspects, an apparatus may be a wireless device configured to monitor one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol, where each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and synchronizing with the network node based on the reception of the one or more discovery signal transmissions. In some aspects, an apparatus may be a network node configured to generate one or more discovery signal transmissions for transmission within a single symbol, where each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and transmitting the one or more discovery signal transmissions within the single symbol.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application serial number 17 / 804,543, filed on May 27, 2022, entitled “SUB-SYMBOLDISCOVERY SIGNAL,” which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to discovery signals for wireless communications. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at city, country, region, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. It is necessary to further improve 5G NR technology. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] The following presents a summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all envisioned aspects. This summary is neither intended to identify the key or important elements of all aspects, nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its only purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configured to: monitor one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and synchronize with a network node based on reception of the one or more discovery signal transmissions.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configured to: generate one or more discovery signal transmissions to be transmitted within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and transmit the one or more discovery signal transmissions within the single symbol.

[0009] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features are only indicative of only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0011] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] Figure 4 Possible SSB locations within a time slot in some aspects of wireless communications are illustrated.

[0017] Figure 5 The time slots that can be used for SSB with different subcarrier spacings are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a set of signals that can be used instead of SSB.

[0019] Figure 7 is a call flow diagram of a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 8 A method of generating sub-symbol discovery signals for the same time slot according to some embodiments is illustrated.

[0021] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0022] Fig.10 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0023] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0024] Fig.12 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0025] Fig.13 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0026] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an apparatus.

[0027] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Some aspects of wireless communication use one or more SSBs for initial cell search. In some aspects, the SSB may include or span 4 symbols, of which 1 symbol is used for PSS, 2 symbols are used for PBCH, and 1 symbol is used for SSS and PBCH via FDM. In some aspects, the PSS uses a frequency-domain-based M sequence of length 127 (e.g., mapped to 127 subcarriers (SCs)) and uses one of three possible sequences, while the SSS can use a frequency-domain-based Gold code sequence of length 127 (e.g., 2 M sequences are mapped to 127 SCs) and uses one of 1008 possible sequences. In some aspects, the QPSK-modulated PBCH can be coherently demodulated using the associated DMRS. In some aspects, the SCS associated with the SSB may be one of 15kHz, 30kHz, 120kHz, 240kHz, 480kHz, or 960kHz.

[0029] In some aspects, different beams associated with different SSB indices may be used by different numbers of devices. Additionally, a threshold number of devices for switching from a standard (e.g., four symbol) SSB to a simpler discovery signal (e.g., a keep-alive signal (KAS) or a set of discovery signals) may be defined. For example, the first SSB and the unused portion may span a first frequency range and occupy a first group of four symbols. In some aspects, the first KAS may represent the transmission of a first SSB using a larger SCS (e.g., using an SCS of 480kHz instead of an SCS of 120kHz), such that the number of symbols is maintained, but the time required is reduced, and the full bandwidth or nearly the full bandwidth is utilized. Although switching SCS may provide some overhead reduction, in some aspects it introduces additional complexity. For example, connecting devices may introduce additional complexity associated with the initial search, cell coverage may be reduced due to the reduced time available for the CP, and / or beam switching gaps may not be absorbed in the CP due to the shorter CP.

[0030] To reduce overhead without introducing increased complexity, in some aspects, the first SSB can be replaced by one or more simpler discovery signals. For example, the first SSB can be replaced by one or more first KAS or a set of first KAS and second KAS. The simpler discovery signal can be implemented in some aspects as described below.

[0031] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is a description of various configurations and does not represent the only configurations with which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0032] Several aspects of the telecommunication system are also presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0033] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. The example of a processor includes a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a system on a chip (SoC), a baseband processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, a gate logic part, a discrete hardware circuit and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functions described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning an instruction, an instruction set, a code, a code segment, a program code, a program, a subroutine, a software component, an application, a software application, a software package, a routine, a subroutine, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a process, a function or any combination thereof.

[0034] Therefore, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the described functions may be implemented with hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented with software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0035] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user equipment, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, artificial intelligence (AI) enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may be specifically for use cases or applications, or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some practical environments, the equipment in conjunction with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / accumulators, etc.) The techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc.

[0036] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0037] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0038] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0039] Figure 1 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0040] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units on a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units on a wireless transmission medium.

[0041] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more high-level control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functions (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functions (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0042] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) depending at least in part on a functional split such as that defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0043] The low-level functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, a RU 140 controlled by a DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (IFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower-level functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 130 and the CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0044] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0045] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0046] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0047] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102, or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmission diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. The carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). The component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0048] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0049] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0050] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz–7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz–52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0051] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz–24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, so the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz–71GHz), FR4 (71GHz–114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz–300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0052] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, if the term "6 GHz or less" is used in this document, it can broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" is used in this document, it can broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2 and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0053] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0054] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0055] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, the positioning determination entity (PDE), the serving mobile location center (SMLC), the mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurement results and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the positioning of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may determine the positioning of the UE 104 using one or more positioning methods. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, positioning estimates, and optional speed calculations based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0056] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device cluster arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0057] Refer again Figure 1 In some aspects, the UE 104 may include a sub-symbol discovery signal detection (SSDSD) component 198, which may be configured to: monitor one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and synchronize with a network node based on the reception of the one or more discovery signal transmissions. In some aspects, the base station 102 may include a sub-symbol discovery signal transmission (SSDST) component 199, which may be configured to: generate one or more discovery signal transmissions to be transmitted within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and transmit the one or more discovery signal transmissions within the single symbol. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar fields, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0058] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2DFIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 to 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are both DL and both UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE via a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0059] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 subframes of the same size (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4 or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is conventional or extended. For a conventional CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and effectively defines the symbol length / duration, which is equal to 1 / SCS.

[0060]

[0061] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ timeslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example of a parameter set μ=2 with a normal CP of 14 symbols per slot and 4 slots per subframe is provided. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0062] A resource grid may be used to represent a frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0063] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0064] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information such as system information blocks (SIBs) that are not sent via the PBCH, and paging messages.

[0065] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0066] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0067] Figure 3 370 is a block diagram of a base station 310 communicating with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functions associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0068] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream can be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel state feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier for transmission using a corresponding spatial stream.

[0069] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be merged into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions.

[0070] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0071] Similar to the functions described in conjunction with DL transmission performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functions associated with transmission of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0072] The TX processor 368 may use channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 310 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via corresponding transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0073] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0074] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0075] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The SSDSD component 198 combines various aspects.

[0076] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The SSDST component 199 combines various aspects.

[0077] Some aspects of wireless communications use one or more SSBs to perform an initial cell search. Figure 2B As described, the SSB may include or span 4 symbols, of which 1 symbol is used for the PSS, 2 symbols are used for the PBCH, and 1 symbol is used for the SSS and PBCH via FDM. In some aspects, the PSS uses a frequency-domain-based M sequence of length 127 (e.g., mapped to 127 subcarriers (SCs)) and uses one of three possible sequences, while the SSS can use a frequency-domain-based Gold code sequence of length 127 (e.g., 2 M sequences are mapped to 127 SCs) and uses one of 1008 possible sequences. In some aspects, the QPSK-modulated PBCH can be coherently demodulated using the associated DMRS. In some aspects, the SCS associated with the SSB may be one of 15kHz, 30kHz, 120kHz, 240kHz, 480kHz, or 960kHz.

[0078] Figure 4 Possible SSB positions within a time slot in some aspects of wireless communication are illustrated. Diagram 410 illustrates a first candidate SSB position pattern (e.g., a set of four symbols) for an SCS of 120 kHz. Diagram 410 illustrates that in some aspects there are two consecutive candidate SSB positions per time slot. Diagram 450 illustrates a second candidate SSB position pattern for an SCS of 480 kHz or 960 kHz. Diagram 450 illustrates that there are two candidate SSB positions per time slot, with three symbol gaps between candidate SSBs. In some aspects, the gap allows up to two symbols for CORESET and one symbol for beam switching gaps.

[0079] Figure 5 The time slots that can be used for SSB with different subcarrier spacings are illustrated. For example, diagram 510 illustrates that for a 120 kHz SCS, the time slot pattern that can be used for SSB may include eight time slots that can be used for SSB (e.g., Figure 4100 ms) followed by two time slots that are not available for SSB. Graphs 520 and 530 illustrate that for SCSs of 480 kHz and / or 960 kHz, each of the illustrated time slots may be used for (two) SBSs. In some aspects, the set of time slots available for SSBs is repeated every 20 ms.

[0080] Figure 6 600 is a diagram illustrating a set of signals that can be used to replace SSB. In some aspects, diagram 605 illustrates that different beams associated with different SSB indices can be used by different numbers of devices. Additionally, diagram 605 illustrates that a threshold number of devices 609 for switching from a standard (e.g., four symbols) SSB to a simpler discovery signal (e.g., a keep-alive signal (KAS) or a set of discovery signals) can be defined. For example, diagram 610 illustrates that a first SSB 613 and an unused portion 611 can occupy a first set of four symbols across a first frequency range. In some aspects, the first KAS 621 of diagram 620 can represent the transmission of the same SSB using a larger SCS (e.g., using an SCS of 480kHz instead of an SCS of 120kHz), so that the number of symbols is maintained, but the time required is reduced, and the full bandwidth or nearly the full bandwidth is utilized. Although switching SCS can provide some overhead reduction, in some aspects, it introduces additional complexity. For example, connecting devices may introduce additional complexity associated with initial search, cell coverage may be degraded due to reduced time available for the CP, and / or beam switching gaps may not be absorbed in the CP due to shorter CPs.

[0081] To reduce overhead without introducing increased complexity, in some aspects, the first SSB 613 may be replaced by one or more simpler discovery signals. For example, the SSB 613 may be replaced by one or more of the first KAS 621 in diagram 620, the first KAS 631 and the first KAS 633 in diagram 630, the first KAS 641 and the second KAS 643 in diagram 640, and the first KAS 651 and the second KAS 653 in diagram 650.

[0082] For example, in some aspects, for beams associated with a number of devices below the threshold number of devices 609, the SSB 613 may be replaced. The first KAS 621, the first KAS 631, the first KAS 633, the first KAS 641, and / or the first KAS 651 may include the same information as the SSB 613 in a smaller number of symbols (e.g., one or two symbols) by using the full bandwidth (e.g., the first frequency range). In some aspects, the first KAS 621, the first KAS 631, the first KAS 633, the first KAS 641, and / or the first KAS 651 and / or the second KAS 643 and / or the second KAS 653 may include a downlink reference signal (DL-RS) (e.g., PSS) with no information or minimal information and / or a partial cell ID (e.g., PSSID). In some aspects, the first KAS and the second KAS may include different sequences or different information. In some aspects, the first KAS 651 and the second KAS 653 may be frequency duplexed over a reduced symbol set and an extended frequency range. In some aspects, the first or second KAS 621, KAS 631, KAS 633, KAS 641, KAS 643, KAS 651, and / or KAS 653 may be beam scanned during a KAS burst. In some aspects, the KAS may be transmitted using the same transmit beam as used for SSB transmission. In some aspects, the KAS may be transmitted using a beam wider than the beam used to transmit the SSB. The KAS may be transmitted with a greater power (in a shorter time and / or at a reduced frequency) than the power used to transmit the SSB, wherein the total power used to transmit the KAS is less than or equal to the total power used to transmit the SSB it replaces.

[0083] Figure 7 700 is a call flow diagram of a method of wireless communication according to various aspects of the present disclosure. A UE 704 (as an example of a wireless communication device) may begin monitoring a discovery signal at 706. The UE 704 may begin monitoring a discovery signal at 706 based on a startup procedure. Monitoring the discovery signal at 706 may include monitoring one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol. In some aspects, each discovery signal for a single beam direction may span less than one symbol in time.

[0084] In some aspects, the base station 702 may generate one or more discovery signal transmissions to be transmitted within a single symbol. In some aspects, each discovery signal may be associated with a single (unique) beam direction and may span less than one symbol in time. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signal transmissions include SSB, discovery signal, or KAS. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signal transmissions may include a first discovery signal and a second discovery signal, and generating the one or more discovery signal transmissions may include adding at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot in a symbol before the first discovery signal, and adding at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot in a symbol before the second discovery signal. In some aspects, the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added before the DFT is applied to the one or more discovery signals, and in some aspects. In some aspects, the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added after the IFFT is applied to the one or more discovery signal transmissions. In some aspects, at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal is pre-coded.

[0085] Figure 8 A method of generating one or more sub-symbol discovery signals for the same time slot according to some embodiments is illustrated. For example, Figure 8 A first diagram 810 is included, which illustrates a method of generating one or more discovery signal transmissions by generating a first discovery signal (e.g., KAS 812) for transmission by a first beam ("beam 1") and generating a second discovery signal (e.g., KAS 814) for transmission by a second beam ("beam 2") in parallel. In some aspects, the method illustrated in diagram 810 is performed by a base station supporting spatial division multiplexing (SDM). Figure 8 Diagram 810 of further illustrates that the first beam may be associated with a first antenna, panel, or digital and / or hybrid beamforming. For example, the first sub-symbol discovery signal may be processed by a pipeline 813 including a first antenna and / or panel, and the second sub-symbol discovery signal may be processed by a pipeline 815 including a second antenna and / or panel. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be TDMed, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in time. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be FDMed, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in frequency. In some aspects, the beams may overlap in frequency or be FDMed before applying IFFT.

[0086] The second diagram 850 illustrates a method for generating the one or more discovery signal transmissions by generating a combined transmission of a first discovery signal and a second discovery signal. In some aspects, the combined transmission is performed through different beams, and a gap period 853 for beam switching may be introduced between the first sub-symbol discovery signal KAS 852 and the second sub-symbol discovery signal KAS 854. In some aspects, different beams may have different delay spreads, and the time gap may help prevent overlap between signals of different beams. In some aspects, the first discovery signal (e.g., KAS 852) and the second discovery signal (e.g., KAS854) are processed in the same pipeline 855. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be TDMed, and / or the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in frequency (may be transmitted via the same frequency).

[0087] The base station 702 may transmit an SSB / KAS 710 including a first discovery signal 710A via a first beam, and transmit a second discovery signal 710B via a second beam. Thus, the UE 704 may receive the discovery signal included in the SSB / KAS 710 via the first beam and the second beam at 712. At 714, the UE 704 may synchronize with the base station 702 (e.g., as an example of a network node) based on the reception of the one or more discovery signal transmissions at 712.

[0088] Fig. 9 900 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104 or UE 704; device 1404). At 902, the UE may monitor one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol. For example, 902 may be performed by a transceiver 1422, a cellular baseband processor 1424, an application processor 1406, and / or an SSDSD component 198. For example, referring to Figure 7 , UE 704 may begin monitoring for discovery signals at 706. In some aspects, each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time. For example, each discovery signal within a single symbol may be associated with a different beam direction and may span less than the symbol in time. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signals may include an SSB or a KAS.

[0089] When the UE monitors the one or more discovery signals at 902, the UE may receive a first discovery signal for a first beam (e.g., associated with a first transmit beam) in a first portion of a symbol. For example, receiving the first discovery signal may be performed by the transceiver 1422, the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, and / or the SSDSD component 198. Figure 7 and Figure 8For example, UE 704 may receive a first discovery signal 710A (corresponding to Figure 8 KAS812 or KAS 852).

[0090] The UE may also receive a second discovery signal for a second beam (e.g., associated with a second transmit beam) in a second portion of the symbol. For example, receiving the second discovery signal may be performed by the transceiver 1422, the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, and / or the SSDSD component 198. Figure 7 and Figure 8 For example, UE 704 may receive a second discovery signal 710B (corresponding to Figure 8 of KAS 814 or KAS 854).

[0091] As mentioned above about Figure 8 As described, in some aspects, the first discovery signal may be preceded by at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot within the symbol, and the second discovery signal may be preceded by at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot within the symbol. In some aspects, the first discovery signal received by the UE is spatially multiplexed with the second discovery signal. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be part of a combined transmission, such as the transmission illustrated in diagram 850, which uses different beams (e.g., the first discovery signal is transmitted using a first beam in the first part of the symbol, and the second discovery signal is transmitted using a second beam in the second part of the symbol).

[0092] In some aspects, for example, as illustrated in at least diagram 850, the first discovery signal is time-division multiplexed with the second discovery signal within a symbol. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in time within a symbol, for example, when using Figure 8 In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are frequency-division multiplexed within a symbol, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in frequency within a symbol. In some aspects, at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be pre-coded.

[0093] At 904, the UE may synchronize with the network node based on the reception of the one or more discovery signals. For example, 904 may be performed by the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, and / or the SSDSD component 198. For example, referring to Figure 7 , the UE 704 may synchronize with the base station 702 at 714 based on the reception of the one or more discovery signals sent at 712.

[0094] Fig.10 1000 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104 or UE 704; device 1404). At 902, the UE may monitor one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol. For example, 1002 may be performed by the transceiver 1422, the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, and / or the SSDSD component 198. For example, referring to Figure 7 , UE 704 may begin monitoring for discovery signals at 706. In some aspects, each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time. For example, each discovery signal within a single symbol may be associated with a different beam direction and may span less than the symbol in time. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signals may include an SSB or a KAS.

[0095] When the UE monitors the one or more discovery signals at 1002, the UE may receive a first discovery signal for a first beam (e.g., associated with a first transmit beam) in a first portion of a symbol at 1004. For example, 1004 may be performed by the transceiver 1422, the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, and / or the SSDSD component 198. Figure 7 and Figure 8 For example, UE 704 may receive a first discovery signal 710A (corresponding to Figure 8 KAS 812 or KAS852).

[0096] At 1006, the UE may also receive a second discovery signal for a second beam (e.g., associated with a second transmit beam) in a second portion of the symbol. For example, 1006 may be performed by the transceiver 1422, the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, and / or the SSDSD component 198. Figure 7 and Figure 8 For example, UE 704 may receive a second discovery signal 710B (corresponding to Figure 8 of KAS 814 or KAS 854).

[0097] As mentioned above about Figure 8As described, in some aspects, the first discovery signal may be preceded by at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot within the symbol, and the second discovery signal may be preceded by at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot within the symbol. In some aspects, the first discovery signal received by the UE is spatially multiplexed with the second discovery signal. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be part of a combined transmission, such as the transmission illustrated in diagram 850, which uses different beams (e.g., the first discovery signal is transmitted using a first beam in the first part of the symbol, and the second discovery signal is transmitted using a second beam in the second part of the symbol).

[0098] In some aspects, for example, as illustrated in at least diagram 850, the first discovery signal is time-division multiplexed with the second discovery signal within a symbol. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in time within a symbol, for example, when using Figure 8 In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are frequency-division multiplexed within a symbol, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in frequency within a symbol. In some aspects, at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be pre-coded.

[0099] At 1008, the UE may synchronize with the network node based on the reception of the one or more discovery signals. For example, 1008 may be performed by the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, and / or the SSDSD component 198. For example, referring to Figure 7 , the UE 704 may synchronize with the base station 702 at 714 based on the reception of the one or more discovery signals sent at 712.

[0100] Fig.11 1100 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102 and / or 702; network entity 1502). At 1102, the base station may generate one or more discovery signals to be transmitted within a single symbol. For example, 1102 may be performed by RU processor 1542, DU processor 1532, CU processor 1512, and / or SSDSD component 199. For example, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8, the base station 702 may generate one or more discovery signal transmissions at 708 to be transmitted within a single symbol. In some aspects, each discovery signal may be associated with a single (unique) beam direction and may span less than one symbol in time. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signal transmissions include SSB or KAS. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signal transmissions may include a first discovery signal and a second discovery signal, and generating the one or more discovery signal transmissions may include adding at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot in a symbol before the first discovery signal, and adding at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot in a symbol before the second discovery signal. In some aspects, the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added before applying the DFT to the one or more discovery signals, and in some aspects. In some aspects, the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added after applying the IFFT to the one or more discovery signal transmissions. In some aspects, the base station may pre-decode at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal.

[0101] For example, refer to Figure 8 , illustrates a method of generating sub-symbol discovery signals for the same time slot according to some embodiments. For example, Figure 8 A first diagram 810 is included, which illustrates a method of generating the one or more discovery signal transmissions by generating a first discovery signal (e.g., KAS 812) for transmission by a first beam ("Beam 1") and generating a second discovery signal (e.g., KAS 814) for transmission by a second beam ("Beam 2") in parallel. In some aspects, the method illustrated in diagram 810 is performed by a base station that supports SDM. Figure 8 Diagram 810 of further illustrates that the first beam may be associated with a first antenna, panel, or digital and / or hybrid beamforming. For example, the first sub-symbol discovery signal may be processed by a pipeline 813 including a first antenna and / or panel, and the second sub-symbol discovery signal may be processed by a pipeline 815 including a second antenna and / or panel. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be TDMed, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in time. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be FDMed, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in frequency. In some aspects, the beams may overlap in frequency or be FDMed before applying IFFT.

[0102] The second diagram 850 illustrates a method for generating the one or more discovery signal transmissions by generating a combined transmission of a first discovery signal and a second discovery signal. In some aspects, the combined transmission is performed through different beams, and a gap period 853 for beam switching may be introduced between the first sub-symbol discovery signal KAS 852 and the second sub-symbol discovery signal KAS 854. In some aspects, the first discovery signal (e.g., KAS 852) and the second discovery signal (e.g., KAS 854) are processed in the same pipeline 855. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be TDMed, and / or the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in frequency (may be transmitted via the same frequency).

[0103] At 1104, the base station may transmit the one or more discovery signals within a single symbol. For example, 1104 may be performed by the RU processor 1542, the DU processor 1532, the CU processor 1512, the transceiver 1546, the antenna 1580, and / or the SSDSD component 199. At 1104, transmitting the one or more discovery signals may include transmitting a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of the symbol and transmitting a second discovery signal for a second beam in a second portion of the symbol. For example, referring to Figure 7 , the base station 702 may send an SSB / KAS 710 including a first discovery signal 710A via a first beam, and send a second discovery signal 710B via a second beam.

[0104] Fig.12 1200 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102 and / or 702; network entity 1502). At 1202, the base station may generate one or more discovery signals to be transmitted within a single symbol. For example, 1202 may be performed by RU processor 1542, DU processor 1532, CU processor 1512, and / or SSDSD component 199. For example, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the base station 702 may generate one or more discovery signal transmissions at 708 to be transmitted within a single symbol. In some aspects, each discovery signal may be associated with a single (unique) beam direction and may span less than one symbol in time. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signal transmissions include SSB or KAS.

[0105] In some aspects, in order to generate the one or more discovery signal transmissions at 1202, the base station may generate a combined transmission of a first discovery signal and a second discovery signal at 1202A. For example, 1202A may be performed by the RU processor 1542, the DU processor 1532, the CU processor 1512, and / or the SSDSD component 199. At 1202B, the base station may time-division multiplex the combined transmission, the first discovery signal, and the second discovery signal generated at 1202A. Time division multiplexing may include allocating non-overlapping time resources in the same frequency band. The time-division multiplexed first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be separated by a gap so as to perform beam switching between a first beam associated with the first discovery signal and a second beam associated with the second discovery signal. At 1202C, the base station may add at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time gap in a symbol before the first discovery signal, and add at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time gap in a symbol before the second discovery signal. In different aspects, a cyclic prefix may be added before applying DFT or after applying IFFT.

[0106] Reference Figure 8 As an example, in some aspects, the combined transmission may be generated for different beams, and a gap period 853 for beam switching may be introduced between the first sub-symbol discovery signal KAS 852 and the second sub-symbol discovery signal KAS 854. In some aspects, the first discovery signal (e.g., KAS 852) and the second discovery signal (e.g., KAS 854) are processed in the same pipeline 855. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be TDMed, and / or the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in frequency (may be transmitted via the same frequency).

[0107] At 1204, the base station may transmit the one or more discovery signals within a single symbol. For example, 1204 may be performed by the RU processor 1542, the DU processor 1532, the CU processor 1512, the transceiver 1546, the antenna 1580, and / or the SSDSD component 199. At 1204, transmitting the one or more discovery signals may include transmitting a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of the symbol at 1204A, and transmitting a second discovery signal for a second beam in a second portion of the symbol at 1204B. For example, referring to Figure 7 , the base station 702 may send an SSB / KAS 710 including a first discovery signal 710A via a first beam, and send a second discovery signal 710B via a second beam.

[0108] Fig.131300 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., base station 102 and / or 702; network entity 1502). At 1302, the base station may generate one or more discovery signals to be transmitted within a single symbol. For example, 1302 may be performed by RU processor 1542, DU processor 1532, CU processor 1512, and / or SSDSD component 199. For example, referring to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the base station 702 may generate one or more discovery signal transmissions at 708 to be transmitted within a single symbol. In some aspects, each discovery signal may be associated with a single (unique) beam direction and may span less than one symbol in time. In some aspects, the one or more discovery signal transmissions include SSB or KAS.

[0109] In some aspects, to generate the one or more discovery signals at 1302, the base station may generate a first discovery signal at 1302A for transmission by a first beam. Figure 8 , the base station may generate a first discovery signal KAS812. At 1302B, the base station may also generate a second discovery signal for parallel transmission by the second beam. Figure 8 , the base station may generate a second discovery signal KAS 814. Then, the base station may process the generated first discovery signal and the second discovery signal at 1303.

[0110] To process the generated first discovery signal and second discovery signal at 1303, the base station may precode at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal at 1303A. At 1303B, the base station may add at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot in a symbol before the first discovery signal, and add at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot in a symbol before the second discovery signal. In some aspects, at 1303B, adding the first cyclic prefix or the second cyclic prefix or the first time slot or the second time slot may be performed before DFT or after IFFT. At 1303C, the base station may perform one or more multiplexing operations. For example, the base station may

[0111] The combined transmission of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal. For example, 1302A may be performed by the RU processor 1542, the DU processor 1532, the CU processor 1512 and / or the SSDSD component 199. At 1302B, the base station may time-division multiplex the combined transmission, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal generated at 1302A. Time division multiplexing may include allocating non-overlapping time resources in the same frequency band. The time-division multiplexed first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be separated by a gap so as to perform beam switching between the first beam associated with the first discovery signal and the second beam associated with the second discovery signal. At 1302C, the base station may add at least one of the first cyclic prefix or the first time slot in the symbol before the first discovery signal, and add at least one of the second cyclic prefix or the second time slot in the symbol before the second discovery signal. In different aspects, the cyclic prefix may be added before applying DFT or after applying IFFT. In some aspects, the base station supports SDM, and the multiplexing operation at 1303C may be an SDM operation. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be TDMed at 1303C, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in time. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be FDMed at 1303C, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in frequency. In some aspects, the beams may overlap in frequency or be FDMed before applying IFFT.

[0112] For example, Figure 8 A first diagram 810 is included, which illustrates a method of generating the one or more discovery signal transmissions by generating a first discovery signal (e.g., KAS 812) for transmission by a first beam ("Beam 1") and generating a second discovery signal (e.g., KAS 814) for transmission by a second beam ("Beam 2") in parallel. In some aspects, the method illustrated in diagram 810 is performed by a base station that supports SDM. Figure 8 Diagram 810 of further illustrates that the first beam may be associated with a first antenna, panel, or digital and / or hybrid beamforming. For example, the first sub-symbol discovery signal may be processed by a pipeline 813 including a first antenna and / or panel, and the second sub-symbol discovery signal may be processed by a pipeline 815 including a second antenna and / or panel. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be TDMed, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in time. In some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may be FDMed, and in some aspects, the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal may overlap in frequency. In some aspects, the beams may overlap in frequency or be FDMed before applying IFFT.

[0113] The base station may then continue to send the one or more discovery signals within a single symbol, as described with respect to Fig.12 As described in 1204.

[0114] Fig.141400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1404. The apparatus 1404 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may include a cellular baseband processor 1424 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1422 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1424 may include on-chip memory 1424'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1404 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1420 and an application processor 1406 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1408 and a screen 1410. The application processor 1406 may include on-chip memory 1406'. In some aspects, the device 1404 may also include a Bluetooth module 1412, a WLAN module 1414, an SPS module 1416 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1418 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1426, a power source 1430, and / or a camera 1432. The Bluetooth module 1412, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or, in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1412, the WLAN module 1414, and the SPS module 1416 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using an antenna 1480. The cellular baseband processor 1424 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with the network entity 1402 through the transceiver 1422 via one or more antennas 1480. The cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1424', 1406', respectively. The additional memory module 1426 may also be considered as a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1424', 1406', 1426 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software enables the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 to perform the various functions described above when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1424 / application processor 1406 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1404 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406, while in another configuration, the device 1404 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 1404.

[0115] As discussed above, the SSDSD component 198 is configured to monitor one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and synchronizes reception of the one or more discovery signal transmissions with a network node. The SSDSD component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1424, the application processor 1406, or both the cellular baseband processor 1424 and the application processor 1406. The SSDSD component 198 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the foregoing. As shown, the device 1404 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1404 (and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1424 and / or the application processor 1406) includes: a component for monitoring one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol; a component for synchronizing with a network node based on the reception of the one or more discovery signal transmissions; a component for receiving a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of a symbol; a component for receiving a second discovery signal for a second beam in a second portion of a symbol. These components may be the SSDSD component 198 of the device 1404 configured to perform the functions recorded by the components. As described above, the device 1404 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the component may be a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and / or a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recorded by the components.

[0116] Fig.151500 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1502. The network entity 1502 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1502 may include at least one of a CU 1510, a DU 1530, or a RU 1540. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component 199, the network entity 1502 may include a CU 1510; both a CU 1510 and a DU 1530; each of the CU 1510, the DU 1530, and the RU 1540; the DU 1530; both a DU 1530 and a RU 1540; or a RU 1540. The CU 1510 may include a CU processor 1512. The CU processor 1512 may include an on-chip memory 1512'. In some aspects, the CU 1510 may also include an additional memory module 1514 and a communication interface 1518. CU 1510 communicates with DU 1530 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. DU 1530 may include a DU processor 1532. DU processor 1532 may include on-chip memory 1532'. In some aspects, DU 1530 may also include additional memory modules 1534 and a communication interface 1538. DU 1530 communicates with RU 1540 via a fronthaul link. RU 1540 may include a RU processor 1542. RU processor 1542 may include on-chip memory 1542'. In some aspects, RU 1540 may also include additional memory modules 1544, one or more transceivers 1546, antenna 1580, and communication interface 1548. RU 1540 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memory 1512', 1532', 1542' and additional memory modules 1514, 1534, 1544 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of processors 1512, 1532, 1542 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0117] As discussed above, the SSDST component 199 is configured to generate one or more discovery signal transmissions for transmission within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and transmit the one or more discovery signal transmissions within the single symbol. The SSDST component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 1510, DU 1530, and RU 1540. The SSDST component 199 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the foregoing. The network entity 1502 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1502 includes: means for generating one or more discovery signal transmissions to be transmitted within a single symbol; means for generating a first discovery signal for transmission by a first beam; means for generating a second discovery signal for parallel transmission by a second beam; means for generating a combined transmission of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal; means for time division multiplexing the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal within a symbol; means for frequency division multiplexing the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal within a symbol; means for precoding at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal; means for adding at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time gap in the symbol before the first discovery signal; means for adding at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time gap in the symbol before the second discovery signal; means for transmitting the one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol; means for transmitting a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of the symbol; and means for transmitting a second discovery signal for a second beam in a second portion of the symbol. These means may be an SSDST component 199 of the network entity 1502 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 1502 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0118] Some aspects of wireless communication use one or more SSBs for initial cell search. In some aspects, the SSB may include or span 4 symbols, of which 1 symbol is used for PSS, 2 symbols are used for PBCH, and 1 symbol is used for SSS and PBCH via FDM. In some aspects, the PSS uses a frequency-domain-based M sequence of length 127 (e.g., mapped to 127 subcarriers (SCs)) and uses one of three possible sequences, while the SSS can use a frequency-domain-based Gold code sequence of length 127 (e.g., 2 M sequences are mapped to 127 SCs) and uses one of 1008 possible sequences. In some aspects, the QPSK-modulated PBCH can be coherently demodulated using the associated DMRS. In some aspects, the SCS associated with the SSB may be one of 15kHz, 30kHz, 120kHz, 240kHz, 480kHz, or 960kHz.

[0119] In some aspects, different beams associated with different SSB indices may be used by different numbers of devices. Additionally, a threshold number of devices for switching from a standard (e.g., four symbol) SSB to a simpler discovery signal (e.g., a keep-alive signal (KAS) or a set of discovery signals) may be defined. For example, the first SSB and the unused portion may span a first frequency range and occupy a first group of four symbols. In some aspects, the first KAS may represent the transmission of a first SSB using a larger SCS (e.g., using an SCS of 480kHz instead of an SCS of 120kHz), such that the number of symbols is maintained, but the time required is reduced, and the full bandwidth or nearly the full bandwidth is utilized. Although switching SCS may provide some overhead reduction, in some aspects it introduces additional complexity. For example, connecting devices may introduce additional complexity associated with the initial search, cell coverage may be reduced due to the reduced time available for the CP, and / or beam switching gaps may not be absorbed in the CP due to the shorter CP.

[0120] To reduce overhead without introducing increased complexity, in some aspects, the first SSB may be replaced by one or more simpler discovery signals. For example, the first SSB may be replaced by one or more first KAS or a set of first KAS and second KAS. The simpler discovery signal may be implemented in some aspects as described above. For example, a simpler discovery signal spanning a sub-symbol time span may be multiplexed within a single symbol, such as SDM, TDM, and / or FDM.

[0121] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is only an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of each block in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0122] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when ..." and "at ..." do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ...", do not mean an instant action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but only mean that if the condition is met, the action will occur without a specific or instantaneous time constraint to make the action occur. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known or will later be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device", etc. cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "component for..."

[0123] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0124] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0125] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: monitoring one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and synchronizing reception with a network node based on the one or more discovery signal transmissions.

[0126] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the one or more discovery signal transmissions include SSB or KAS.

[0127] Aspect 3: According to the method described in any one of Aspect 1 and Aspect 2, the method further includes: receiving a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first part of the symbol, and receiving a second discovery signal for a second beam in a second part of the symbol.

[0128] Aspect 4: A method according to aspect 3, wherein the first discovery signal is preceded by at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot within the symbol, and the second discovery signal is preceded by at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot within the symbol.

[0129] Aspect 5: The method according to aspect 4, wherein the first discovery signal received by the UE is spatially multiplexed with the second discovery signal.

[0130] Aspect 6: The method according to aspect 4, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are part of a combined transmission, and the combined transmission is transmitted using different beams.

[0131] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 3 to 6, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are time-division multiplexed within the symbol.

[0132] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 3 to 5, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in time within the symbol.

[0133] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 3 to 8, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are frequency-division multiplexed within the symbol.

[0134] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 3 to 8, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in frequency within the symbol.

[0135] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 3 to 5 and 7 to 10, wherein at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal is precoded.

[0136] Aspect 12: A method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: generating one or more discovery signal transmissions to be sent within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time, and sending the one or more discovery signal transmissions within the single symbol.

[0137] Aspect 13: The method according to aspect 12, wherein the one or more discovery signal transmissions include SSB or KAS.

[0138] Aspect 14: A method according to any one of Aspect 12 and Aspect 13, wherein sending the one or more discovery signals includes: sending a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first part of the symbol, and sending a second discovery signal for a second beam in a second part of the symbol.

[0139] Aspect 15: According to the method of Aspect 14, the method also includes: adding at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot in the symbol before the first discovery signal, and adding at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot in the symbol before the second discovery signal.

[0140] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15, wherein the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added before applying DFT to the one or more discovery signal transmissions.

[0141] Aspect 17: The method according to aspect 15, wherein the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added after applying IFFT to the one or more discovery signal transmissions.

[0142] Aspect 18: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 17, wherein generating the one or more discovery signals for transmission includes: generating the first discovery signal for transmission by the first beam, and generating the second discovery signal for parallel transmission by the second beam, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are spatially multiplexed.

[0143] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 17, wherein generating the one or more discovery signal transmissions comprises: generating a combined transmission of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal, the combined transmission being transmitted using different beams.

[0144] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 19, further comprising time division multiplexing the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal within the symbol.

[0145] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 18, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in time within the symbol.

[0146] Aspect 22: According to the method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 18, 20 and 21, the method further comprises frequency division multiplexing the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal within the symbol.

[0147] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 22, further comprising overlapping the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal in a frequency within the symbol.

[0148] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 18 and Aspects 20 to 23, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are part of a combined transmission, and the combined transmission is transmitted using different beams.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: monitoring one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time; and Synchronizing with a network node based on receipt of the one or more discovery signals.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more discovery signal transmissions comprise a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a keep alive signal (KAS).

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of the symbol; and A second discovery signal for a second beam is received in a second portion of the symbol.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first discovery signal is preceded by at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time slot within the symbol, and the second discovery signal is preceded by at least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time slot within the symbol. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the first discovery signal received by the UE is spatially multiplexed with the second discovery signal. 6 . The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are part of a combined transmission, and the combined transmission is transmitted using different beams. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are time-division multiplexed within the symbol. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in time within the symbol. 9 . The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are frequency-division multiplexed within the symbol. 10 . The device of claim 3 , wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in frequency within the symbol. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein at least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal is precoded.

12. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: generating one or more discovery signal transmissions to be transmitted within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time; and The one or more discovery signals are transmitted within the single symbol.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more discovery signal transmissions comprise a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a keep alive signal (KAS).

14. The device according to claim 12, wherein: To transmit the one or more discovery signals within the single symbol, the at least one processor is configured to: sending a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of the symbol; as well as A second discovery signal for a second beam is sent in a second portion of the symbol.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: adding at least one of a first cyclic prefix or a first time gap in the symbol before the first discovery signal, and At least one of a second cyclic prefix or a second time gap is added in the symbol before the second discovery signal.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added before a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is applied to the one or more discovery signal transmissions.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cyclic prefix and the second cyclic prefix are added after applying an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to the one or more discovery signal transmissions.

18. The device according to claim 14, wherein: To generate the one or more discovery signal transmissions, the at least one processor is configured to: generating the first discovery signal for transmission by the first beam; and The second discovery signal is generated for parallel transmission by the second beam, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are spatially multiplexed.

19. The device according to claim 14, wherein: To generate the one or more discovery signal transmissions, the at least one processor is configured to: A combined transmission of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal is generated, wherein the combined transmission is transmitted using different beams.

20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are time-division multiplexed within the symbol.

21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal overlap in time within the symbol.

22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are frequency-division multiplexed within the symbol.

23. The device of claim 14, wherein the first discovery signal overlaps with the second discovery signal in frequency within the symbol.

24. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: At least one of the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal is precoded.

25. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: monitoring one or more discovery signal transmissions within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time; as well as Synchronizing with a network node based on receipt of the one or more discovery signals.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more discovery signal transmissions include a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a keep alive signal (KAS), the method further comprising: receiving a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of the symbol; as well as A second discovery signal for a second beam is received in a second portion of the symbol. 27 . The method according to claim 26 , wherein the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are time-division multiplexed, space-division multiplexed, or frequency-division multiplexed.

28. A method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: generating one or more discovery signal transmissions to be transmitted within a single symbol, wherein each discovery signal for a single beam direction spans less than one symbol in time; as well as The one or more discovery signals are transmitted within the single symbol.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the one or more discovery signal transmissions include a synchronization signal block (SSB) or a keep alive signal (KAS), wherein sending the one or more discovery signal transmissions includes: sending a first discovery signal for a first beam in a first portion of the symbol; as well as A second discovery signal for a second beam is sent in a second portion of the symbol.

30. The method of claim 29, further comprising one or more of the following: Time division multiplexing the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal; The first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are spatially multiplexed, or the first discovery signal and the second discovery signal are frequency-division multiplexed.

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