High-simulation brain abscess teaching simulator and simulation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-simulation brain abscess teaching simulator which comprises a simulation head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module and an intracranial pressure monitoring module. A cavity is formed in the brain abscess simulation module, and brain abscess simulation is realized by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity; the brain abscess control module controls data of injected gas or liquid according to the abscess data; the intracranial pressure monitoring module monitors intracranial pressure changes in real time. The high-simulation brain abscess teaching simulator provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: (1) an existing brain abscess simulator opens up a new path for clinical medicine teaching, and more clinical teaching which cannot be realized is enabled to be better close to clinical actual combat by medical students through the simulator; (2) the brain abscess simulator is wide in application, and can solve the problem of clinical diagnosis and treatment teaching of most intracranial critical disease infection. (3) the research and development of the brain abscess simulator can provide help for shortening the culture cycle of neurosurgeons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of medical teaching molds, and in particular to a high-simulation brain abscess teaching simulator and a simulation method. Background Art

[0002] The use of high-simulation simulators for clinical teaching has become a widely popular model. It is of great significance to improve the quality of clinical teaching, promote the modernization of medical education, reduce medical accidents, and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. At present, according to different needs, high-simulation simulators on the market include partial task trainers (focusing on specific skills), virtual patient systems (focusing on simulating cases and symptoms), surgical simulators (focusing on training surgical operations), obstetric simulators (focusing on obstetric skills training) and full-body simulators (focusing on complex case simulation training).

[0003] Infectious diseases, especially intracranial brain abscesses with high mortality, are complex and serious brain infections with diverse clinical manifestations and rapid progression. It is used in some infectious diseases and plays an important role in medical education and training. However, there are still many deficiencies and even gaps in the setting and research and development of high-simulation simulation teaching aids for intracranial infections at home and abroad.

[0004] At present, there is no established educational research and development plan and clinical scenario case script for a highly realistic brain abscess simulator at home and abroad. The training of medical students and residents in this regard is far from enough. It is urgently needed to develop a highly realistic brain abscess simulator that can allow medical students to intuitively learn and experience the progression of the disease, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies in a risk-free environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, comprising a simulated head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module and an intracranial pressure monitoring module;

[0006] The brain abscess simulation module is arranged in the simulation head model, and a cavity is arranged inside the brain abscess simulation module, and brain abscess simulation is realized by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity, including the increase of volume, deformation of shape and physiological changes caused to brain tissue by brain abscess;

[0007] The brain abscess control module is used to control the data of injecting gas or liquid according to the abscess data to simulate different degrees of abscess effects;

[0008] The intracranial pressure monitoring module is arranged in the simulation head model and is used for real-time monitoring of intracranial pressure changes.

[0009] As a specific implementation of the present application, the simulated head model includes a skull structure and a brain tissue module. The skull structure is designed to be a detachable or openable structure, and the brain tissue module is made of a deformable material.

[0010] As a specific implementation of the present application, the manufacturing process of the simulation head model includes:

[0011] Acquiring medical imaging data, and constructing a 3D model of the brain using 3D modeling software and the medical imaging data;

[0012] The 3D model of the brain is printed using 3D printing technology to obtain the simulated head model.

[0013] As a specific implementation of the present application, constructing a 3D brain model is specifically as follows:

[0014] Acquire medical imaging data and extract detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues from the medical imaging data;

[0015] A 3D modeling software is used to create a brain 3D model according to the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues; the 3D modeling software includes Blender, Maya and 3ds Max.

[0016] As a specific implementation of the present application, a 3D model of the brain is created using 3D modeling software according to the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues, specifically:

[0017] Dissect the brain into multiple anatomical layers, including cortex, white matter, ventricles, blood vessels, and nerve fibers;

[0018] Based on actual medical images as reference, different textures and colors are set for different tissues.

[0019] Furthermore, after obtaining the 3D brain model, the 3D brain model is imported into a physical engine for real-time physiological simulation to obtain a simulation result; the physical engine includes Unity and Unreal Engine;

[0020] The simulation results were compared with actual case data to verify the accuracy of the brain 3D model.

[0021] Furthermore, as a preferred implementation of the present application, the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator also includes a surgical simulation module for simulating surgical procedures using the simulated head model, including craniectomy and ventricular drainage.

[0022] Furthermore, as a preferred implementation of the present application, the intracranial pressure monitoring module is also used for:

[0023] The acquired real-time monitoring data is sent to a display or a VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess; the real-time monitoring data includes changes in intracranial pressure during brain abscess.

[0024] The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) The existing brain abscess simulator will open up a new path for clinical medicine teaching, and through the simulator, many clinical teaching methods that cannot be realized can be applied to medical students, so that they can get closer to clinical practice.

[0026] (2) Brain abscess simulators are widely used and can solve the clinical diagnosis and treatment teaching of most critical intracranial infections.

[0027] (3) The development of brain abscess simulators can help shorten the training period of neurosurgeons.

[0028] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation method of a highly simulated brain abscess simulator, comprising:

[0029] Prepare the hardware equipment required for simulation, including a highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, display or VR system;

[0030] Inject gas or liquid into the cavity inside the simulated head model to simulate the dynamic process of brain edema. During this simulation, learners can observe the effects of different degrees of brain abscess by adjusting system parameters, including displacement and compression of brain tissue and changes in intracranial pressure.

[0031] A sensor is built into the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator to monitor and display the changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The data obtained by the sensor is transmitted to a display or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess.

[0032] Simulate the operation of decompressive craniectomy based on a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator;

[0033] Ventricular drainage is performed through the liquid simulation system inside the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, and with the help of a display or VR system, learners can observe the effect of fluid removal during the drainage process and the relief of brain abscess. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0035] Figure 1It is a flow chart of the method of making a 3D model of the brain;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the electrical arrangement of a highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of a high-simulation brain abscess teaching simulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "include" and "comprises" indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0040] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms.

[0041] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0042] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when" or "upon" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted as meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determining" or "upon detection of [described condition or event]" or "in response to detecting [described condition or event]," depending on the context.

[0043] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] The inventive concept of the present invention is to provide a high-simulation brain abscess teaching simulator for clinical teaching, which is used to simulate brain abscesses and surgical procedures.

[0046] So, making a brain abscess simulator for clinical teaching involves multiple steps and resource preparation. The following is a basic development process and the required preparations:

[0047] 1. Demand Analysis

[0048] Target audience: Identify the primary user groups for the simulator (e.g., medical students, residents, neurosurgeons, etc.).

[0049] Educational objectives: Clarify teaching objectives, such as learning to identify clinical features of brain abscesses, understanding surgical procedures, and practicing drainage techniques through the simulator.

[0050] Simulation content: determines the functions that the simulator needs to have, such as imaging display, virtual surgical operations, real-time feedback, etc.

[0051] 2. Design and planning

[0052] Functional design: Determine the physiological processes that the simulator needs to simulate (such as the development of cerebral edema, pressure changes, tissue response) and the way users interact (such as operating surgical tools, adjusting drug dosage, etc.).

[0053] Hardware selection: Basic hardware includes computers, monitors, VR / AR devices, tactile feedback devices, etc.; Sensors and feedback systems: If physical simulation is required, you can consider using tactile feedback devices, force sensors, etc.

[0054] Software Development:

[0055] Simulation software: Develop or customize simulation software that combines biomechanics, 3D modeling, and virtual reality technology to ensure the accuracy of the simulation.

[0056] User Interface: Design an easy-to-use user interface so that users can easily interact with the simulator.

[0057] Data recording and analysis: Add recording and analysis modules to facilitate review and evaluation after teaching.

[0058] 3. Model making

[0059] 3D Modeling: Use 3D modeling software to create accurate models of brain structures, including important parts such as the brain, blood vessels, and spinal cord. Introduce dynamic models to simulate the formation and changes of brain abscesses.

[0060] Physical model (if necessary): If a physical model is needed, a physical brain model can be made using 3D printing technology, with soft materials used to simulate tissue texture. Deformable materials (such as silicone) can be used to simulate abscesses and elastic changes in brain tissue.

[0061] 4. Programming and testing

[0062] Programming: Writing code to control simulation processes, including physiological simulation, interaction with surgical tools, management of feedback systems, etc.

[0063] Preliminary testing: Conduct preliminary testing in a laboratory environment to ensure that the simulator's functional modules can work properly. Iterate improvements through feedback from clinicians and education experts.

[0064] 5. User testing and feedback

[0065] Pilot testing: Conduct pilot testing among target user groups to collect user feedback.

[0066] Improvement and optimization: Adjust and optimize based on user feedback, and fix possible bugs or unreasonable aspects.

[0067] 6. Training and support

[0068] Teaching materials: Write detailed user manuals and teaching materials for the simulator to help users get started quickly.

[0069] Training courses: Training courses are offered to instruct clinical teachers on how to use simulators in teaching.

[0070] 7. Release and Ongoing Support

[0071] Release: Deploy the simulator into a clinical teaching environment, such as a medical school or hospital teaching laboratory.

[0072] Ongoing support: Provide technical support and software updates to ensure the simulator can run stably for a long time.

[0073] 8. Evaluation and Research

[0074] Effect evaluation: Evaluate the actual effect of the simulator in teaching, such as the improvement of students’ learning outcomes and the mastery of clinical skills.

[0075] Research and Improvement: Continue to conduct research to continuously improve and upgrade the simulator based on user experience and new technology developments.

[0076] 9. Resources to prepare

[0077] Funding: The cost of developing and producing the simulator, including equipment, software development, 3D modeling and printing, testing, etc.

[0078] Technical team: including software engineers, 3D modelers, biomechanics experts, clinicians, etc.

[0079] Labs and Equipment: A lab environment is required to support development, testing, and demonstrations.

[0080] Partners: Consider collaborating with medical schools, medical device companies, or VR / AR development companies to jointly advance the development of the project.

[0081] Through the above steps, you can systematically develop a professional brain abscess simulator for use in clinical teaching to improve the practical operation ability of medical students and doctors.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 1 ,The process of making the simulation head model includes:

[0083] S1, obtaining medical image data, and constructing a 3D brain model using 3D modeling software and the medical image data.

[0084] In specific implementation, step S1 includes:

[0085] (1) Brain structure scan

[0086] Using high-resolution medical imaging data (such as MRI, CT scans) as a basis, the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues is extracted. The imaging data can be imported into 3D modeling software in DICOM format. The 3D modeling software can be Blender, Maya, 3ds Max, etc.

[0087] (2) Hierarchical Modeling

[0088] The brain is broken down into multiple anatomical layers, such as cortex, white matter, ventricles, blood vessels, nerve fibers, etc. Each layer needs to accurately reflect its shape, size, position and relationship with each other.

[0089] (3) Texture and material assignment

[0090] Using actual medical images as reference, the 3D model of the brain is given realistic textures and colors to enhance the visual effect. Different tissues (such as gray matter, white matter, and blood vessels) can be given different physical properties, such as hardness and elasticity, for subsequent physical simulation.

[0091] (4) Abscess simulation:

[0092] The process of simulating brain abscess requires dynamic modeling of brain tissue. Use deformation tools to simulate the abscess process, which is manifested as volume increase and morphological deformation. Ensure that the simulation process can reflect actual physiological changes, such as pressure changes caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow, displacement and squeezing of tissues, etc.

[0093] S2, using 3D printing technology to print a 3D model of the brain to obtain a simulated head model.

[0094] In specific implementation, step S2 includes:

[0095] (1) Material selection

[0096] If you need to build a physical model, choosing the right material is critical. Soft, deformable materials such as silicone are often used to simulate brain tissue. For parts that need to simulate bones or hard structures, you can choose harder materials such as plastic or polyurethane.

[0097] (2) 3D printing

[0098] 3D printing technology can quickly generate accurate physical models. Choose the right printer and material to ensure that the details and texture of the model can meet teaching needs.

[0099] It should be noted that the model obtained by 3D printing can be called a physical model. When simulation is used for brain abscess simulation, a deformable model may be required to simulate processes such as abscess, contraction and pressure conduction. In this case, air bags or liquid fillers can be used to achieve dynamic simulation. When the pressure increases, the model will expand to simulate the effect of brain abscess.

[0100] It should be noted that before the above-mentioned brain 3D model is 3D printed, dynamic simulation, model verification and optimization, model output and integration and other operations can be performed on the computer, as follows:

[0101] (1) Dynamic simulation

[0102] Physics engine integration: Import the 3D model into a physics engine (such as Unity, Unreal Engine) to achieve real-time physiological simulation. Through program control, the model can automatically change abscesses, displacements, etc. according to preset physiological parameters (such as intracranial pressure, cerebrospinal fluid flow).

[0103] Interactive design: Design an interactive interface that users can operate, such as simulating drainage and decompression processes through the operation of surgical tools. Through tactile feedback devices, users can feel the force during surgery, enhancing the authenticity of the simulation.

[0104] Real-time feedback and adjustment: The simulator should be able to provide real-time feedback on the results of the operation, such as pressure changes, abscess reduction or aggravation, etc. Through dynamic adjustment, different clinical scenarios can be simulated, such as the effects of different degrees of abscess or pressure changes on tissues.

[0105] (2) Model verification and optimization

[0106] Accuracy verification: Compare the 3D model and physical simulation results with actual case data to verify the accuracy of the model. Clinicians can be invited to conduct verification to ensure that the simulator can truly reflect the actual clinical situation.

[0107] Optimize modeling: Based on test results and user feedback, optimize the model's details, materials, and dynamic performance to ensure that the simulator can run stably under different operating conditions.

[0108] (3) Model output and integration

[0109] Model output: The final 3D model and dynamic simulation program are output as executable files and integrated into the overall system of the simulator. Files in multiple formats can be generated as needed to adapt to different platforms and hardware devices.

[0110] Integration and deployment: Integrate the modeling results with other system modules (such as user interface, data logging) to form a complete simulator system. Deploy to the target device (such as VR helmet, haptic feedback device) for final system testing and debugging.

[0111] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises a simulated head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module, an intracranial pressure monitoring module and a surgery simulation module. The brain abscess simulation module and the intracranial pressure monitoring module are connected to an external display or a VR system.

[0112] Among them, the simulation head model includes:

[0113] Scalp and skull simulation part: The exterior of the simulation head model is made of highly simulated silicone or polymer materials to simulate the texture and elasticity of a real human scalp and skull. It is used for cutting, suturing, punching, etc. The surface of the model should have real tactile feedback so that learners can feel the resistance and elasticity similar to that of a real human body.

[0114] Removable skull piece: The skull inside the model is usually designed to be removable or openable to facilitate the display of internal structures and allow learners to simulate craniotomy. According to teaching needs, the thickness of the skull can be adjusted to simulate anatomical differences under different ages, genders and pathological conditions.

[0115] Internal multi-layer structure: The simulation head model contains multiple anatomical layers inside, simulating different parts of the brain, including meninges, brain parenchyma, ventricular system, vascular network, etc. These layers should be able to truly reproduce human anatomy and facilitate learners to conduct in-depth anatomical and pathological learning.

[0116] Simulated brain tissue material: The internal brain tissue is made of highly simulated elastic material to simulate the real brain texture and reaction, especially to show the changes in tissue and pressure during brain abscess.

[0117] Preferably, the simulation head model in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0118] Modular design: In order to adapt to different teaching needs, the internal structure of the simulation head model can be modular, allowing different components to be replaced to simulate different pathological conditions. For example, different types of brain tissue modules can be replaced to simulate traumatic brain edema, infected brain abscess, or brain abscess caused by stroke.

[0119] Replacement of consumable parts: Due to the need for repeated operations, some parts in the model (such as brain tissue and blood vessels) can be designed to be replaceable to ensure that the effect of each operation is similar to the actual clinical operation.

[0120] The brain abscess simulation module is arranged in the simulated head model, and a cavity is arranged inside the brain abscess simulation module, and brain abscess simulation is realized by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity, including the increase of volume, deformation of shape and physiological changes caused to brain tissue by brain abscess. When simulating brain abscess, learners can observe the effects of different degrees of brain abscess by adjusting system parameters, including displacement and compression of brain tissue and changes in intracranial pressure.

[0121] Wherein, the brain abscess control module is used to control the data of injected gas or liquid according to the abscess data to simulate different degrees of abscess effects;

[0122] Wherein, the intracranial pressure monitoring module is arranged in the simulation head model, and is used to monitor the intracranial pressure changes in real time. In this embodiment, the intracranial pressure monitoring module is a sensor built into the simulation head model. Furthermore, the intracranial pressure monitoring module is also used to:

[0123] The acquired real-time monitoring data is sent to a display or a VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess; the real-time monitoring data includes changes in intracranial pressure during brain abscess.

[0124] A surgical simulation module, used for simulating a surgical operation process using the simulated head model, comprises:

[0125] Decompressive craniectomy. The model allows learners to simulate a decompressive craniectomy, where the skull of the simulated head can be cut and removed to expose the internal brain tissue for decompressive surgery.

[0126] Ventricular Drainage: Through the internal fluid simulation system, learners can perform ventricular drainage and observe the effect of fluid removal during the drainage process and the relief of brain abscesses.

[0127] In summary, the working principle and functions of the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be summarized as follows:

[0128] (1) The simulator will build a 3D high-fidelity model of a virtual patient's brain based on the real human anatomical structure. The model can dynamically simulate the formation, expansion and compression of brain abscesses on surrounding brain tissues. Then, through precise mathematical models and simulation algorithms, the pathological process of brain abscesses is simulated, including the growth of abscesses, the inflammatory response of surrounding brain tissues, changes in intracranial pressure, etc. Finally, the patient's clinical symptoms such as headache, nausea, impaired consciousness, neurological deficits, etc. are simulated, which change with the progression of the abscess.

[0129] (2) Learners can observe these symptoms and evaluate them using a post-computer simulation of the impact diagnostic tool, allowing learners to see the size and location of the abscess and its impact on surrounding structures. The simulator can provide virtual surgical training for brain abscesses, such as abscess drainage and craniotomy. Through a realistic simulated surgical environment, learners can experience the surgical process and improve their skills through repeated operations. Simulated drugs can provide simulation of treatment effects, and learners can try different antibiotic treatment options and observe their effects on virtual patients.

[0130] (3) The simulator can monitor learners’ operations in real time and provide immediate feedback. For example, when learners are performing a surgical operation, the system will analyze the accuracy of the operation. After completing the simulation, the system will generate a detailed evaluation report, including analysis of diagnostic accuracy, treatment effect, and operational standardization, to help learners understand their learning progress and areas for improvement.

[0131] From the above description, it can be seen that the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0132] (1) The existing brain abscess simulator will open up a new path for clinical medicine teaching, and through the simulator, many clinical teaching methods that cannot be realized can be brought closer to clinical practice for medical students.

[0133] (2) Brain abscess simulators are widely used and can solve the clinical diagnosis and treatment teaching of most critical intracranial infections.

[0134] (3) The development of brain abscess simulators can help shorten the training period of neurosurgeons.

[0135] Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation method of a highly simulated brain abscess simulator, comprising:

[0136] Prepare the hardware equipment required for simulation, including a highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, display or VR system;

[0137] Inject gas or liquid into the cavity of the simulated head model to simulate the dynamic process of brain edema. During this simulation, learners can observe the effects of brain abscesses of different levels by adjusting system parameters, including displacement and compression of brain tissue and changes in intracranial pressure.

[0138] A sensor is built into the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator to monitor and display the changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The data obtained by the sensor is transmitted to a display or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess.

[0139] Simulate the operation of decompressive craniectomy based on a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator;

[0140] Ventricular drainage is performed through the liquid simulation system inside the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, and with the help of a display or VR system, learners can observe the effect of fluid removal during the drainage process and the relief of brain abscess.

[0141] Example 2

[0142] This embodiment provides a simulated operation process of brain abscess and related complications and involves multiple steps. The operator needs to perform specific simulation scene settings and operate the high-simulation brain abscess teaching simulator of Example 1.

[0143] S10. Initial setup: preparation phase

[0144] Set the patient's condition: First, set the basic condition of the simulated patient (the simulated patient includes a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator). The simulated patient has typical symptoms of brain abscess, such as fever, headache, vomiting, confusion, etc. Set physical signs such as increased body temperature and increased heart rate through the device.

[0145] Imaging examination: A virtual CT or MRI scan is performed to show the location and size of the brain abscess and the compression of the surrounding tissue. The setting can simulate the deformation of the brain tissue under compression or the accumulation of pus in the surrounding area.

[0146] S20, brain herniation simulation operation process

[0147] Appearance of physical signs: The manifestations of brain herniation are demonstrated by adjusting the size of the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as well as physical signs such as breathing, heart rate, and pupil reflex.

[0148] Mydriasis: Adjust the simulated patient's eyes, with the right or bilateral pupils dilated and the light reflex slow or absent.

[0149] Irregular Breathing: Sets the simulated patient breathing pattern to show breathing becoming irregular or respiratory rate decreasing.

[0150] Blood pressure changes: simulate the "triad" of increased blood pressure and slowed pulse.

[0151] Emergency treatment:

[0152] Use intracranial pressure-reducing drugs (such as mannitol) to simulate drug injection operations.

[0153] Prompt surgical management options such as decompressive craniectomy.

[0154] Outcome observation: According to the operation selection, observe the simulated patient response and simulate the results of successful brain herniation relief or further deterioration.

[0155] S20, Meningitis Simulation Operation Procedure

[0156] Symptom simulation: The operator needs to manually adjust the status of the simulated patient to show typical signs of meningitis.

[0157] Hyperthermia: Adjusts body temperature to simulate sustained hyperthermia.

[0158] Neck stiffness: Through manipulation, simulate the patient to show neck stiffness and limited movement.

[0159] Brudzinski and Kernig signs: simulate a positive response to testing for these two signs by manually moving the simulated patient's legs and head.

[0160] Laboratory tests:

[0161] A simulated lumbar puncture operation was performed to extract cerebrospinal fluid, which showed purulent cerebrospinal fluid or characteristics of high white blood cells and low glucose.

[0162] The monitor / VR system displays the test report of cerebrospinal fluid test results.

[0163] Therapeutic interventions:

[0164] Simulate antibiotic injection operation and provide targeted antibiotic treatment.

[0165] Prompts simulated surgical options, such as abscess drainage surgery.

[0166] S40, Monitoring and Feedback

[0167] Real-time monitoring of patient conditions: The equipment monitors the patient's vital signs, such as heart rate, respiration, pupil reflex, cerebrospinal fluid status, etc.

[0168] Treatment feedback: Provide real-time feedback based on the operating procedures, simulating prompts of patient symptoms improving or worsening, such as recovery of consciousness, stabilization of vital signs, or critical prompts of further deterioration.

[0169] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, characterized in that: It includes a simulated head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module and an intracranial pressure monitoring module; The brain abscess simulation module is arranged in the simulation head model, and a cavity is arranged inside the brain abscess simulation module, and brain abscess simulation is realized by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity, including the increase of volume, deformation of shape and physiological changes caused to brain tissue by brain abscess; The brain abscess control module is used to control the data of injecting gas or liquid according to the abscess data to simulate different degrees of abscess effects; The intracranial pressure monitoring module is arranged in the simulation head model and is used for real-time monitoring of intracranial pressure changes.

2. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated head model comprises a skull structure and a brain tissue module. The skull structure is designed to be detachable or openable, and the brain tissue module is made of a deformable material.

3. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The manufacturing process of the simulation head model comprises: Acquiring medical imaging data, and constructing a 3D model of the brain using 3D modeling software and the medical imaging data; The 3D model of the brain is printed using 3D printing technology to obtain the simulated head model.

4. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of building a 3D brain model are: Acquire medical imaging data and extract detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues from the medical imaging data; A 3D modeling software is used to create a brain 3D model according to the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues; the 3D modeling software includes Blender, Maya and 3ds Max.

5. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: A 3D modeling software was used to create a 3D model of the brain based on the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues, specifically: Dissect the brain into multiple anatomical layers, including cortex, white matter, ventricles, blood vessels, and nerve fibers; Based on actual medical images as reference, different textures and colors are set for different tissues.

6. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: After obtaining the 3D brain model, the 3D brain model is imported into a physical engine for real-time physiological simulation to obtain a simulation result; the physical engine includes Unity and Unreal Engine; The simulation results were compared with actual case data to verify the accuracy of the brain 3D model.

7. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator also includes a surgery simulation module for simulating a surgical operation process using the simulated head model, including craniectomy decompression and ventricular drainage.

8. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intracranial pressure monitoring module is a sensor built into the simulation head model.

9. The highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intracranial pressure monitoring module is also used for: The acquired real-time monitoring data is sent to a display or a VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess; the real-time monitoring data includes changes in intracranial pressure during brain abscess.

10. A simulation method for a highly realistic brain abscess simulator, characterized in that: include: Prepare the hardware equipment required for simulation, including a highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, display or VR system; Inject gas or liquid into the cavity inside the simulated head model to simulate the dynamic process of brain edema; During this simulation, learners can adjust system parameters to observe different degrees of brain abscess effects, including brain tissue displacement, compression, and changes in intracranial pressure; A sensor is built into the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator to monitor and display the changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The data obtained by the sensor is transmitted to a display or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess. Simulate the operation of decompressive craniectomy based on a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator; Ventricular drainage is performed through the liquid simulation system inside the highly simulated brain abscess teaching simulator, and with the help of a display or VR system, learners can observe the effect of fluid removal during the drainage process and the relief of brain abscess.

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