A highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator and simulation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator, including a simulated head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module, and an intracranial pressure monitoring module. The brain abscess simulation module has an internal cavity, and a brain abscess is simulated by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity. The brain abscess control module controls the data of the injected gas or liquid according to the abscess data. The intracranial pressure monitoring module monitors changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator provided by this invention has the following advantages: (1) Existing brain abscess simulators will open up new paths for clinical medical teaching, allowing medical students to better get closer to clinical practice through simulators for many clinical teaching tasks that are otherwise impossible to implement. (2) Brain abscess simulators have wide applications and can solve most of the clinical diagnosis and treatment teaching of critical intracranial infections. (3) The development of brain abscess simulators can help shorten the training cycle of neurosurgeons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical teaching mold technology, specifically to a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator and simulation method. Background Technology

[0002] The use of high-fidelity simulators in clinical teaching has become a widely popular model, playing a significant role in improving the quality of clinical teaching, advancing the modernization of medical education, reducing medical accidents, and enhancing diagnostic and treatment standards. Currently, high-fidelity simulators on the market are available to meet different needs, including task trainers (focusing on specific skills), virtual patient systems (focusing on simulating cases and symptoms), surgical simulators (focusing on training surgical procedures), obstetric simulators (focusing on obstetric skills training), and whole-body simulators (focusing on complex case simulation training).

[0003] Infectious diseases, especially intracranial brain abscesses with high mortality rates, are complex and serious brain infections with diverse clinical manifestations and rapid progression. Previous high-fidelity whole-body simulators... While highly realistic simulation teaching aids for intracranial infections have been used in some infectious diseases and play an important role in medical education and training, there are still many shortcomings and even gaps in the design and development of such teaching aids both domestically and internationally.

[0004] There are currently no established educational research and development programs or clinical scenario case scripts for highly realistic brain abscess simulators, both domestically and internationally. Training for medical students and resident physicians in this area is far from sufficient, and there is an urgent need to develop highly realistic brain abscess simulators so that medical students can intuitively learn and experience the disease progression, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies in a risk-free environment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator, comprising a simulated head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module, and an intracranial pressure monitoring module.

[0006] The brain abscess simulation module is set inside the simulated head model, and the brain abscess simulation module has a cavity inside. The brain abscess is simulated by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity, including the increase in volume, deformation of shape and physiological changes to brain tissue caused by the brain abscess.

[0007] The brain abscess control module is used to control the injection of gas or liquid based on abscess data to simulate the effects of abscesses of different degrees.

[0008] The intracranial pressure monitoring module is installed inside the simulated head model and is used to monitor changes in intracranial pressure in real time.

[0009] As one specific implementation of this application, the simulated head model includes a skull structure and a brain tissue module. The skull structure is designed to be detachable or openable, and the brain tissue module is made of a deformable material.

[0010] As one specific implementation of this application, the process of creating the simulated head model includes:

[0011] Acquire medical imaging data and construct a 3D model of the brain using 3D modeling software and the medical imaging data;

[0012] A 3D model of the brain was printed using 3D printing technology to obtain the simulated head model.

[0013] As one specific implementation of this application, the construction of a 3D brain model is as follows:

[0014] Acquire medical imaging data and extract detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues from the medical imaging data;

[0015] A 3D model of the brain is created using 3D modeling software based on the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues; the 3D modeling software includes Blender, Maya, and 3ds Max.

[0016] As one specific implementation of this application, a 3D model of the brain is created using 3D modeling software based on the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues, specifically as follows:

[0017] The brain is broken down into multiple anatomical layers, including the cortex, white matter, ventricles, blood vessels, and nerve fibers;

[0018] Based on actual medical images as a reference, different textures and colors are set for different tissues.

[0019] Furthermore, after obtaining the 3D model of the brain, the 3D model of the brain is imported into a physics engine for real-time physiological simulation to obtain simulation results; the physics engine includes Unity and Unreal Engine.

[0020] The simulation results were compared with actual case data to verify the accuracy of the 3D brain model.

[0021] Furthermore, as a preferred implementation of this application, the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator also includes a surgical simulation module for simulating surgical procedures using the simulated head model, including decompression craniectomy and ventricular drainage.

[0022] Furthermore, as a preferred implementation of this application, the intracranial pressure monitoring module is also used for:

[0023] The acquired real-time monitoring data is sent to a display or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess; the real-time monitoring data includes changes in intracranial pressure during brain abscess.

[0024] The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator provided in this invention has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) Existing brain abscess simulators will open up new paths for clinical medical teaching, allowing medical students to better get closer to clinical practice through simulators, which are often impossible to implement in clinical teaching.

[0026] (2) Brain abscess simulators are widely used and can solve most of the clinical diagnosis and treatment teaching of critical intracranial infections.

[0027] (3) The development of brain abscess simulators can help shorten the training cycle of neurosurgeons.

[0028] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention provide a simulation method for a highly realistic brain abscess simulator, comprising:

[0029] Prepare all the necessary hardware equipment for the simulation, including a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator, monitor, or VR system;

[0030] Gas or liquid is injected into the cavity inside the simulated head model to simulate the dynamic process of cerebral edema. During this simulation, learners can observe the effects of different degrees of brain abscess by adjusting system parameters, including displacement and compression of brain tissue and changes in intracranial pressure.

[0031] The high-fidelity brain abscess teaching simulator has a built-in sensor that monitors and displays changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The data acquired by the sensor is then transmitted to a monitor or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of a brain abscess.

[0032] Simulated operation of decompressive craniectomy based on a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator;

[0033] The ventricular drainage procedure is performed using a fluid simulation system inside a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator. Learners can observe the drainage effect and the relief of the brain abscess by using a monitor or VR system. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0035] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating the process of creating a 3D model of the brain.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical layout of the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0040] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0041] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0042] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrases "if determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once [described condition or event] is detected," or "in response to detection of [described condition or event]."

[0043] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] The inventive concept of this invention is to provide a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator for clinical teaching, which is used to simulate brain abscesses and surgical procedures.

[0046] Creating a brain abscess simulator for clinical teaching involves multiple steps and resource preparation. Below is a basic development process and the necessary preparations:

[0047] 1. Requirements Analysis

[0048] Target audience: Identify the main user group of the simulator (such as medical students, resident physicians, neurosurgeons, etc.).

[0049] Educational objectives: Clearly define teaching objectives, such as learning to identify the clinical features of brain abscesses, understand the surgical procedure, and practice drainage techniques through this simulator.

[0050] Simulation content: This determines the functions the simulator needs to have, such as imaging display, virtual surgical operation, real-time feedback, etc.

[0051] 2. Design and Planning

[0052] Functional design: Determine the physiological processes that the simulator needs to simulate (such as the development of cerebral edema, pressure changes, and tissue responses) and the ways in which users interact (such as operating surgical tools and adjusting drug dosages).

[0053] Hardware selection: Basic hardware includes computers, monitors, VR / AR devices, haptic feedback devices, etc.; Sensors and feedback systems: If physical simulation is required, haptic feedback devices, force sensors, etc. can be considered.

[0054] Software development:

[0055] Simulation software: Develop or customize simulation software that combines biomechanics, 3D modeling, and virtual reality technologies to ensure the accuracy of the simulation.

[0056] User Interface: Design an easy-to-use user interface that allows users to easily interact with the simulator.

[0057] Data recording and analysis: Add a recording and analysis module to facilitate review and evaluation after teaching.

[0058] 3. Model making

[0059] 3D Modeling: Using 3D modeling software to create accurate models of brain structures, including important parts such as the brain, blood vessels, and spinal cord. Dynamic models are introduced to simulate the formation and changes of brain abscesses.

[0060] Physical Model (if needed): If a physical model is required, a physical brain model can be created using 3D printing technology, combined with soft materials to simulate tissue texture. Deformable materials (such as silicone) can be used to simulate abscesses and elastic changes in brain tissue.

[0061] 4. Programming and Testing

[0062] Programming: Writing code to control simulation processes, including physiological simulations, interaction of surgical instruments, and management of feedback systems.

[0063] Initial testing: Conduct initial testing in a laboratory environment to ensure that all functional modules of the simulator function properly. Iterative improvements will be made based on feedback from clinicians and education experts.

[0064] 5. User testing and feedback

[0065] Pilot testing: Conduct pilot tests within the target user group to collect user feedback.

[0066] Improvements and optimizations: Adjustments and optimizations will be made based on user feedback to fix any bugs or inconsistencies.

[0067] 6. Training and support

[0068] Teaching materials: Detailed user manuals and teaching materials were written for the simulator to help users get started quickly.

[0069] Training courses: Offer training courses to guide clinical teachers on how to use simulators in teaching.

[0070] 7. Release and Continuous Support

[0071] Release: Deploy the simulator into clinical teaching environments, such as teaching laboratories in medical schools or hospitals.

[0072] Continuous support: We provide technical support and software updates to ensure the emulator can run stably for extended periods.

[0073] 8. Assessment and Research

[0074] Effectiveness evaluation: Evaluate the actual effectiveness of the simulator in teaching, such as the improvement of students' learning outcomes and the mastery of clinical skills.

[0075] Research and Improvement: Continue to conduct research and continuously improve and upgrade the simulator based on user experience and the development of new technologies.

[0076] 9. Resources needed

[0077] Funding: The cost of researching and developing the simulator, including equipment, software development, 3D modeling and printing, testing, etc.

[0078] Technical team: including software engineers, 3D modelers, biomechanics experts, clinicians, etc.

[0079] Laboratory and Equipment: A laboratory environment is required to support development, testing, and demonstration.

[0080] Partner organizations: Consider collaborating with medical schools, medical equipment companies, or VR / AR development companies to jointly advance the project.

[0081] By following the steps above, you can systematically develop a professional brain abscess simulator for use in clinical teaching, thereby improving the practical skills of medical students and doctors.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 1 The process of creating a simulated head model includes:

[0083] S1. Acquire medical imaging data and construct a 3D model of the brain using 3D modeling software and the medical imaging data.

[0084] In practice, step S1 includes:

[0085] (1) Brain structure scan

[0086] High-resolution medical imaging data (such as MRI and CT scans) are used as a basis to extract detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues. The imaging data can be imported into 3D modeling software in DICOM format. Suitable 3D modeling software includes Blender, Maya, and 3ds Max.

[0087] (2) Layered modeling

[0088] The brain is broken down into multiple anatomical layers, such as the cortex, white matter, ventricles, blood vessels, and nerve fibers. Each layer needs to accurately reflect its shape, size, location, and interrelationships.

[0089] (3) Texture and material application

[0090] Using actual medical images as a reference, the 3D brain model is given realistic textures and colors to enhance the visual effect. Different tissues (such as gray matter, white matter, and blood vessels) can be assigned different physical properties, such as stiffness and elasticity, for subsequent physical simulation.

[0091] (4) Abscess simulation:

[0092] Simulating the process of a brain abscess requires dynamic modeling of brain tissue. Deformation tools are used to simulate the abscess process, specifically the increase in volume and the deformation of shape. It is crucial to ensure that the simulation reflects actual physiological changes, such as pressure changes caused by obstructed cerebrospinal fluid flow, tissue displacement, and compression.

[0093] S2 uses 3D printing technology to print a 3D model of the brain to obtain a simulated head model.

[0094] In practice, step S2 includes:

[0095] (1) Material selection

[0096] Choosing the right materials is crucial when building a physical model. Soft, deformable materials like silicone are often used to simulate brain tissue. For parts that need to simulate bones or rigid structures, harder materials such as plastics or polyurethane can be chosen.

[0097] (2) 3D printing

[0098] 3D printing technology can quickly generate accurate physical models. Choosing the right printer and materials ensures that the model's detail and texture meet teaching requirements.

[0099] It should be noted that the result of 3D printing can be called a physical model. When simulation is used to model brain abscesses, a deformable model may be required, which must be able to simulate processes such as abscess formation, contraction, and pressure transmission. In this case, dynamic simulation can be achieved using air bladders or liquid fillers. When the pressure increases, the model will expand, simulating the effect of a brain abscess.

[0100] It should be noted that before 3D printing the aforementioned brain 3D model, dynamic simulation, model verification and optimization, model output and integration, and other operations can be performed on a computer, as follows:

[0101] (1) Dynamic simulation

[0102] Physics engine integration: Importing 3D models into physics engines (such as Unity or Unreal Engine) enables real-time physiological simulation. Through programmatic control, the model can automatically adapt to changes such as abscess formation and displacement based on preset physiological parameters (such as intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid flow).

[0103] Interactive design: Design user-operable interfaces, such as simulating procedures like drainage and decompression through the manipulation of surgical tools. Haptic feedback devices allow users to feel the forces involved in the surgery, enhancing the realism of the simulation.

[0104] Real-time feedback and adjustment: The simulator should be able to provide real-time feedback on operational results, such as pressure changes, abscess reduction or aggravation, etc. Through dynamic adjustments, different clinical scenarios can be simulated, such as the effects of abscesses of different degrees or pressure changes on tissues.

[0105] (2) Model Validation and Optimization

[0106] Accuracy Validation: The 3D model and physical simulation results are compared with actual case data to verify the model's accuracy. Clinicians can be invited to conduct validation to ensure the simulator accurately reflects real-world clinical conditions.

[0107] Model optimization: Based on test results and user feedback, optimize the model's details, materials, and dynamic performance. Ensure the simulator runs stably under different operating conditions.

[0108] (3) Model output and integration

[0109] Model Output: The final 3D model and dynamic simulation program are output as runnable files and integrated into the simulator's overall system. Multiple file formats can be generated as needed to adapt to different platforms and hardware devices.

[0110] Integration and Deployment: Integrate the modeling results with other system modules (such as user interface and data logging) to form a complete simulator system. Deploy it to the target device (such as a VR headset or haptic feedback device) for final system testing and debugging.

[0111] Please refer to this again. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a simulated head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module, an intracranial pressure monitoring module, and a surgical simulation module. The brain abscess simulation module and the intracranial pressure monitoring module are connected to an external display or VR system.

[0112] The simulated head model includes:

[0113] Scalp and skull simulation: The exterior of the simulated head model is made of highly realistic silicone or polymer materials, mimicking the texture and elasticity of a real human scalp and skull. It is used for cutting, suturing, and drilling. The model's surface should provide realistic tactile feedback, allowing learners to experience resistance and elasticity similar to that of a real human body.

[0114] Removable skull sections: The skull inside the model is typically designed to be removable or openable, facilitating the demonstration of internal structures and allowing learners to simulate craniotomy. The thickness of the skull can be adjusted to simulate anatomical differences in age, sex, and pathological conditions, depending on teaching needs.

[0115] Internal multi-layered structure: The simulated head model contains multiple anatomical layers, simulating different parts of the brain, including the meninges, brain parenchyma, ventricular system, and vascular network. These layers should realistically reproduce human anatomy, facilitating in-depth study of anatomy and pathology for learners.

[0116] Simulated brain tissue material: The internal brain tissue uses a highly realistic elastic material to simulate the texture and reaction of the real brain, especially to show the changes in tissue and the feeling of pressure during the process of brain abscess.

[0117] Preferably, the simulated head model in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0118] Modular design: To adapt to different teaching needs, the internal structure of the simulated head model can be modular, allowing for the replacement of different components to simulate different pathological conditions. For example, different types of brain tissue modules can be replaced to simulate traumatic cerebral edema, infectious brain abscess, or brain abscess caused by stroke.

[0119] Replacement of worn-out components: Due to the need for repeated operations, some components in the model (such as brain tissue and blood vessels) can be designed to be replaceable to ensure that the effect of each operation is similar to that of actual clinical operation.

[0120] The brain abscess simulation module is housed within the simulated head model and contains a cavity. Simulation of a brain abscess is achieved by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity, including the increase in volume, deformation of shape, and physiological changes to brain tissue caused by the abscess. During the brain abscess simulation, learners can adjust system parameters to observe the effects of different degrees of brain abscess, including displacement and compression of brain tissue and changes in intracranial pressure.

[0121] The brain abscess control module is used to control the injection of gas or liquid based on abscess data to simulate the effects of abscesses of different degrees.

[0122] The intracranial pressure monitoring module is disposed within the simulated head model and is used to monitor changes in intracranial pressure in real time. In this embodiment, the intracranial pressure monitoring module is a sensor built into the simulated head model. Furthermore, the intracranial pressure monitoring module is also used for:

[0123] The acquired real-time monitoring data is sent to a display or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess; the real-time monitoring data includes changes in intracranial pressure during brain abscess.

[0124] The surgical simulation module, used to simulate surgical procedures using the simulated head model, includes:

[0125] Decompressive craniectomy: The model allows learners to simulate decompressive craniectomy. The simulated skull can be cut open and removed to expose the internal brain tissue for decompression surgery.

[0126] Ventricular drainage: Through an internal fluid simulation system, learners can perform ventricular drainage, observe the drainage effect and the relief of brain abscess during the process.

[0127] In summary, the working principle and function of the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator provided in this invention embodiment can be summarized as follows:

[0128] (1) The simulator will construct a highly realistic 3D model of a virtual patient's brain based on real human anatomy. This model can dynamically simulate the formation, expansion, and compression of surrounding brain tissue by a brain abscess. Then, through precise mathematical models and simulation algorithms, it will simulate the pathological process of the brain abscess, including abscess growth, inflammatory response of surrounding brain tissue, and changes in intracranial pressure. Finally, it will simulate the patient's clinical symptoms such as headache, nausea, altered consciousness, and neurological deficits, which change as the abscess progresses.

[0129] (2) Learners can observe these symptoms and assess them using post-operative computer-simulated diagnostic tools, allowing them to see the size, location, and impact on surrounding structures of the abscess. Simulators can provide virtual surgical training for brain abscesses, such as abscess drainage and craniotomy. Through a realistic simulated surgical environment, learners can experience the surgical procedure and improve their skills through repetitive practice. Simulated medications provide simulations of treatment effects; learners can try different antibiotic treatment regimens and observe their effects on virtual patients.

[0130] (3) The simulator can monitor the learner's operations in real time and provide immediate feedback. For example, when the learner is performing a surgical procedure, the system will analyze the accuracy of the operation. After the simulation is completed, the system will generate a detailed evaluation report, which includes analysis of diagnostic accuracy, treatment effect, and operational standardization, helping learners understand their learning progress and areas for improvement.

[0131] As can be seen from the above description, the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator provided in this embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

[0132] (1) Existing brain abscess simulators will open up new paths for clinical medical teaching, allowing medical students to better get closer to clinical practice through simulators, which are often impossible to implement in clinical teaching.

[0133] (2) Brain abscess simulators are widely used and can solve most of the clinical diagnosis and treatment teaching of critical intracranial infections.

[0134] (3) The development of brain abscess simulators can help shorten the training cycle of neurosurgeons.

[0135] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention provide a simulation method for a highly realistic brain abscess simulator, comprising:

[0136] Prepare all the necessary hardware equipment for the simulation, including a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator, monitor, or VR system;

[0137] Gas or liquid is injected into the cavity inside the simulated head model to simulate the dynamic process of cerebral edema. During this simulation, learners can observe the effects of different degrees of brain abscess by adjusting system parameters, including displacement and compression of brain tissue and changes in intracranial pressure.

[0138] The high-fidelity brain abscess teaching simulator has a built-in sensor that monitors and displays changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The data acquired by the sensor is then transmitted to a monitor or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of a brain abscess.

[0139] Simulated operation of decompressive craniectomy based on a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator;

[0140] The ventricular drainage procedure is performed using a fluid simulation system inside a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator. Learners can observe the drainage effect and the relief of the brain abscess by using a monitor or VR system.

[0141] Example 2

[0142] This embodiment provides a simulated operation process for brain abscess and related complications, involving multiple steps. Operators need to set up specific simulation scenarios and operate the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator of embodiment 1.

[0143] S10, Initial Setup: Preparation Phase

[0144] Setting up patient conditions: First, set up the basic conditions of the simulated patient (which includes a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator). The simulated patient has typical symptoms of brain abscess, such as fever, headache, vomiting, and confusion. The device is used to set signs such as elevated body temperature and increased heart rate.

[0145] Imaging examinations: Perform virtual CT or MRI scans to show the location and size of the brain abscess and the compression of surrounding tissues. By setting the parameters, it is possible to simulate the compression and deformation of brain tissue or the accumulation of pus in the surrounding area.

[0146] S20, Brain Herniation Simulation Operation Procedure

[0147] Physical signs appear: By adjusting the size of the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator and physical signs such as respiration, heart rate, and pupillary reflexes, the manifestations of brain herniation are shown.

[0148] Pupil dilation: Adjust the simulated patient's eyes to dilate the right or both pupils, with sluggish or absent pupillary light reflex.

[0149] Irregular breathing: Sets a simulated patient breathing pattern, showing that breathing becomes irregular or the respiratory rate decreases.

[0150] Blood pressure changes: Simulates the "triad" of elevated blood pressure and slowed pulse.

[0151] Emergency procedures:

[0152] The procedure of drug injection is simulated using intracranial pressure-lowering drugs (such as mannitol).

[0153] This suggests surgical options, such as decompressive craniectomy.

[0154] Outcome observation: Based on the selected operation, observe the simulated patient's response and simulate the outcome of successful relief of brain herniation or further deterioration.

[0155] S20, Meningitis Simulation Operation Procedure

[0156] Symptom simulation: Operators need to manually adjust the simulated patient's condition to demonstrate typical signs of meningitis.

[0157] High fever: Adjusts body temperature to simulate sustained high fever.

[0158] Neck stiffness: By operating a simulated patient, it shows neck stiffness and limited movement.

[0159] Brudzinski sign and Kernig sign: Simulate a positive response to these two signs by manually moving the simulated patient's legs and head.

[0160] Laboratory tests:

[0161] Simulated lumbar puncture procedure, cerebrospinal fluid is extracted, showing purulent cerebrospinal fluid or high white blood cell count and low glucose.

[0162] The monitor / VR system displays the lab report showing the cerebrospinal fluid test results.

[0163] Treatment intervention:

[0164] Simulate antibiotic injection procedures to deliver targeted antibiotic treatment.

[0165] The system will prompt you to choose a simulated surgical procedure, such as abscess drainage.

[0166] S40, Monitoring and Feedback

[0167] Real-time monitoring of patient condition: The device monitors and simulates the patient's vital signs, such as heart rate, respiration, pupillary reflex, and cerebrospinal fluid status.

[0168] Treatment feedback: Provide real-time feedback according to the operation procedure, simulating prompts for improvement or deterioration of the patient's symptoms, such as recovery of consciousness, stabilization of vital signs, or critical prompts for further deterioration.

[0169] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator, characterized in that, Includes a simulated head model, a brain abscess simulation module, a brain abscess control module, and an intracranial pressure monitoring module; The brain abscess simulation module is set inside the simulated head model, and the brain abscess simulation module has a cavity inside. The brain abscess is simulated by injecting gas or liquid into the cavity, including the increase in volume, deformation of shape and physiological changes to brain tissue caused by the brain abscess. The brain abscess control module is used to control the injection of gas or liquid based on abscess data to simulate the effects of abscesses of different degrees. The intracranial pressure monitoring module is installed inside the simulated head model and is used to monitor changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The intracranial pressure monitoring module is also used for: The acquired real-time monitoring data is sent to a display or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of brain abscess; the real-time monitoring data includes changes in intracranial pressure during brain abscess.

2. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated head model includes a skull structure and a brain tissue module. The skull structure is designed to be detachable or openable, and the brain tissue module is made of a deformable material.

3. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The process of creating the simulated head model includes: Acquire medical imaging data and construct a 3D model of the brain using 3D modeling software and the medical imaging data; A 3D model of the brain was printed using 3D printing technology to obtain the simulated head model.

4. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The specific steps for constructing a 3D model of the brain are as follows: Acquire medical imaging data and extract detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues from the medical imaging data; A 3D model of the brain is created using 3D modeling software based on the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues; the 3D modeling software includes Blender, Maya, and 3ds Max.

5. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A 3D model of the brain was created using 3D modeling software based on the detailed morphology of the brain and related tissues. Specifically: The brain is broken down into multiple anatomical layers, including the cortex, white matter, ventricles, blood vessels, and nerve fibers; Based on actual medical images as a reference, different textures and colors are set for different tissues.

6. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in claim 5, characterized in that, After obtaining the 3D model of the brain, the model is imported into a physics engine for real-time physiological simulation to obtain simulation results; the physics engine includes Unity and Unreal Engine. The simulation results were compared with actual case data to verify the accuracy of the 3D brain model.

7. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator also includes a surgical simulation module, which is used to simulate surgical procedures using the simulated head model, including decompression craniectomy and ventricular drainage.

8. The highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intracranial pressure monitoring module is a sensor built into the simulated head model.

9. A simulation method for a highly realistic brain abscess simulator, characterized in that, The simulation method is applicable to the highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator as described in any one of claims 1-8; the simulation method includes: Prepare all the necessary hardware equipment for the simulation, including a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator, monitor, or VR system; Gas or liquid is injected into the cavity inside the simulated head model to simulate the dynamic process of cerebral edema. During this simulation, learners can observe the effects of different degrees of brain abscess by adjusting system parameters, including displacement and compression of brain tissue and changes in intracranial pressure. The high-fidelity brain abscess teaching simulator has a built-in sensor that monitors and displays changes in intracranial pressure in real time. The data acquired by the sensor is then transmitted to a monitor or VR system to help learners understand the physiological consequences of a brain abscess. Simulated operation of decompressive craniectomy based on a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator; The ventricular drainage procedure is performed using a fluid simulation system inside a highly realistic brain abscess teaching simulator. Learners can observe the drainage effect and the relief of the brain abscess by using a monitor or VR system.

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