Adaptive quantum key distribution method and system in power network

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive quantum key distribution method and system in a power network, and relates to the technical field of power grid key distribution, and the method comprises the following steps: key distribution equipment prepares quantum bits, randomly selects the polarization state of the quantum bits, and adjusts the polarization state of the quantum bits according to negotiated de-coherence parameters; establishing a communication link, and sending the quantum state to a secret key receiving device through the communication link; the key distribution device and the key receiving device exchange preparation and measurement basic information through a classical channel, compare the same basic result and extract the key from the same result; and obtaining a final security key according to an evaluation result. According to the invention, de-coherence parameter negotiation is added on the basis of a classical BB84 protocol, and the negotiation allows a key distribution device and a key receiving device to jointly determine de-coherence parameters through a classical channel, so that the quantum key distribution process can be automatically adjusted to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions; and the quantum bit error rate can be effectively minimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power grid key distribution, and in particular to an adaptive quantum key distribution method and system in a power network. Background Art

[0002] In power grids, key distribution technology is a key factor in ensuring communication security and data protection. Traditional key distribution methods, such as key exchange protocols based on symmetric or asymmetric encryption, can provide the required security in most cases, but in the face of emerging technologies such as quantum computing, these traditional methods may face the risk of reduced security. Due to its wide geographical distribution and the nature of critical infrastructure, power grids particularly require a highly secure and reliable key distribution mechanism.

[0003] Existing power network key distribution systems usually rely on classical encryption techniques, which may be attacked due to poor key management, low frequency of key updates, and security vulnerabilities when keys are shared among multiple points. In addition, with the development of quantum computing, the security of traditional encryption methods has been severely challenged. For example, using quantum algorithms, such as Shor's algorithm, most existing public key encryption systems can be cracked in polynomial time, which poses a direct threat to the safe operation of power networks. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the adaptive quantum key distribution and system in the existing power network, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing key distribution method has low security.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive quantum key distribution method in a power network, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] The key distribution device and the key receiving device negotiate decoherence parameters through a classical channel;

[0009] The key distribution device prepares the qubits, randomly selects the polarization state of the qubits, and adjusts the polarization state of the qubits according to the negotiated decoherence parameters;

[0010] Establishing a communication link, and sending the quantum state to a key receiving device through the communication link;

[0011] The key receiving device adjusts the received quantum bits according to the decoherence parameter and randomly selects a measurement basis to measure the received quantum bits;

[0012] The key distribution device and the key receiving device exchange information on the preparation and measurement basis through a classical channel, and compare the results of the same basis to extract the key;

[0013] Calculate the quantum bit error rate and evaluate whether the key error rate is within the set acceptance range. Based on the evaluation results, obtain the final security key.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network of the present invention, the method of negotiating decoherence parameters through a classical channel includes:

[0015] Prepare quantum states through a key distribution device;

[0016] Constructing a qubit error model;

[0017] The optimal decoherence parameter is calculated by minimizing the value of the qubit error model.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network of the present invention, the quantum state prepared by the key distribution device is expressed as:

[0019] |Ψ>=α|H>+β|V>

[0020] In the formula, α and β are both expressed as complex numbers and satisfy the formula:

[0021] |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1

[0022] Among them, |Ψ> represents the quantum state, |Η> represents the horizontal polarization, and |V> represents the vertical polarization state.

[0023] As a preferred solution of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network of the present invention, the quantum bit error model is expressed as:

[0024]

[0025] Among them, θ represents a parameter related to quantum state preparation, γ represents a parameter of decoherence strength, QBER(d) represents the quantum bit error rate, and d represents the decoherence parameter.

[0026] As a preferred solution of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network of the present invention, the method for adjusting the received quantum bits is:

[0027] The calculation method of the new quantum state after the action of the quantum channel according to the optimal decoherence parameter is expressed as:

[0028] E(ρ)=(1-p)ρ+pZρZ

[0029] Where p = 1-e -γd , p represents the phase flip probability, ρ represents the initial state of the system, Z represents the Pauli-Z operator, and E(ρ) represents the new quantum state;

[0030] The key receiving device applies an opposite phase shift to the received qubit.

[0031] As a preferred solution of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network of the present invention, the method of evaluating whether the error rate of the key is within the set acceptance range includes:

[0032] Set the acceptance range [E min , E max ], when the quantum bit error rate is within the acceptance range [E min , E max ], error correction and privacy amplification are performed on the erroneous quantum bits to remove potential information leakage and correct errors. When the quantum bit error rate is not within the acceptable range [E min , E max ], the received quantum bits are readjusted.

[0033] As a preferred solution of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network of the present invention, the error correction step is:

[0034] Estimate the error and find the specific error location through a secure classical channel sharing LDPC;

[0035] Use a cascaded protocol correction algorithm to exchange information about the error locations until the error rate drops below a preset threshold;

[0036] After error correction, the bit error rate is re-evaluated to ensure that the bit error rate is within the acceptable range. When the bit error rate is still higher than the acceptable range, error correction is performed again or the key is abandoned.

[0037] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive quantum key distribution system in a power network, which includes a negotiation module, a quantum state preparation module, a communication link module, a receiving and measuring module, and a classical information exchange module;

[0038] The negotiation module is used for the key distribution device and the key receiving device to negotiate decoherence parameters through a classical channel and make corresponding adjustments during the quantum state transmission process;

[0039] The quantum state preparation module is used for preparing quantum bits for the key distribution device, randomly selecting the polarization state of the quantum bits, and adjusting the polarization state of the quantum bits according to the negotiated decoherence parameters;

[0040] The communication link module is used to establish a communication link and send the quantum state to the key receiving device through the communication link;

[0041] The receiving and measuring module is used for the key receiving device to adjust the received quantum bits according to the decoherence parameters, and randomly select a measurement basis to measure the received quantum bits;

[0042] The classical information exchange module is used for the key distribution device and the key receiving device to exchange information on the preparation and measurement basis through the classical channel, and compare the results with the same basis to extract the key.

[0043] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: when the processor executes the computer program, any step of the above-mentioned adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network is implemented.

[0044] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program is executed by a processor, any step of the above-mentioned adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network is implemented.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention adds decoherence parameter negotiation on the basis of the classic BB84 protocol, and this negotiation allows the key distribution device and the key receiving device to jointly determine the decoherence parameters through the classical channel, which not only enables the quantum key distribution process to automatically adjust to changing environmental conditions, but also effectively minimizes the quantum bit error rate; in addition, by precisely controlling the adjustment of the quantum state and optimizing the error correction and privacy amplification strategies, the present invention can more effectively resist potential quantum attacks and environmental noise, ensure the security of data transmission in the power network, and especially provide a more reliable protection measure than traditional encryption technology in the face of quantum computing threats. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0047] Figure 1 Scenario diagram of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in power network. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0050] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0051] The present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. When describing the embodiments of the present invention, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0052] At the same time, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first, second or third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0053] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "install, connect, connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] Before describing the embodiments of the present application in detail, some related concepts are first explained for the sake of clarity.

[0056] LDPC code is a block error correction code with a sparse check matrix. It is applicable to almost all channels and has become a research hotspot in the coding community in recent years. Its performance is close to the Shannon limit, and its description and implementation are simple, easy to perform theoretical analysis and research, simple to decode and can be performed in parallel, making it suitable for hardware implementation.

[0057] The BB84 protocol is an internationally used quantum key distribution protocol. Since it was proposed internationally in 1984, increasing the secure communication distance, improving the secure coding rate and improving the security of real systems have become the three major goals of developing practical quantum key distribution.

[0058] Quantum key distribution can provide unconditionally secure shared keys for users in different locations.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides an adaptive quantum key distribution method in a power network, comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1. The key distribution device and the key receiving device negotiate decoherence parameters through a classical channel.

[0061] Methods for negotiating decoherence parameters over classical channels include,

[0062] Prepare quantum states through a key distribution device;

[0063] The quantum state prepared by the key distribution device is expressed as:

[0064] |Ψ>=α|H>+β|V>

[0065] In the formula, α and β are both expressed as complex numbers and satisfy the formula:

[0066] |α| 2 +|β| 2 =1

[0067] Among them, |Ψ> represents the quantum state, |Η> represents the horizontal polarization, and |V> represents the vertical polarization state;

[0068] Constructing a qubit error model;

[0069] The quantum bit error model is expressed as,

[0070]

[0071] Among them, θ represents the parameter related to the preparation of quantum states, γ represents the parameter of decoherence strength, QBER(d) represents the quantum bit error rate, and d represents the decoherence parameter;

[0072] The optimal decoherence parameter is calculated by minimizing the value of the qubit error model.

[0073] S2. The key distribution device prepares quantum bits, randomly selects the polarization state of the quantum bits, and adjusts the polarization state of the quantum bits according to the negotiated decoherence parameters.

[0074] By randomly selecting the polarization states of quantum bits and adjusting them according to the agreed decoherence parameters, the stability and reliability of quantum bits during transmission can be ensured. The decoherence effect will cause the quantum state to change during transmission. By adjusting the polarization state, these changes can be effectively offset, allowing the receiver to measure the quantum state more accurately, thereby improving the success rate of key distribution.

[0075] For example, the key distribution device (sender / Alice) prepares some qubits as horizontal polarization states |H and vertical polarization states |V>, and the other qubits as diagonal polarization states |+> and |->. For each qubit, Alice randomly selects its polarization state, that is, Alice uses a random number generator to determine whether each qubit is a horizontal basis |H> / vertical basis |V> or a diagonal basis |+> and |->;

[0076] Through the classical channel, Alice and the key receiving device (receiver / Bob) negotiate decoherence parameters, which are used to describe the decoherence effect in the quantum communication link, such as decoherence strength and other environmental factors. The negotiated parameters help Alice optimize the polarization state adjustment of the quantum bit to minimize the errors generated during the transmission process;

[0077] Then, according to the negotiated decoherence parameters, Alice adjusts the polarization state of each quantum bit. That is, if the decoherence parameters show that a certain environmental noise will cause a certain degree of polarization state rotation, Alice can pre-adjust the polarization state of the quantum bit to offset this rotation effect. This ensures that when Bob receives the quantum bit, its polarization state is as close as possible to the state originally sent by Alice.

[0078] S3. Establish a communication link and send the quantum state to the key receiving device through the communication link.

[0079] Alice sends the adjusted qubit to Bob through the quantum communication link. During the transmission process, the qubit may still be affected by a certain degree of decoherence, but due to the prior adjustment, these effects are minimized.

[0080] Bob receives the qubits and randomly selects a measurement basis for measurement. Based on the negotiated decoherence parameters, Bob can also adjust the measurement basis to optimize the measurement results. Bob then records the measurement results of each qubit and the measurement basis used.

[0081] Assume that in an experiment, Alice and Bob negotiated and obtained the decoherence strength parameter γ = 0.05, and determined that the best adjustment strategy is to rotate a certain angle in advance when preparing the quantum state to offset the decoherence effect, where Alice prepares and adjusts the quantum state:

[0082] Prepared quantum bits: |Η>, ​​|V>, |+> and |->;

[0083] According to the decoherence strength of γ = 0.05, Alice pre-rotates each qubit by a small angle;

[0084] Alice sends the adjusted qubit through the quantum communication link;

[0085] Bob receives the quantum bit and makes a measurement adjustment based on the same decoherence parameter, and the measurement result is highly consistent with the result sent by Alice.

[0086] S4. The key receiving device adjusts the received quantum bits according to the decoherence parameters, and randomly selects a measurement basis to measure the received quantum bits.

[0087] The method for adjusting the received quantum bits is,

[0088] The calculation method of the new quantum state after the action of the quantum channel according to the optimal decoherence parameter is expressed as:

[0089] E(ρ)=(1-p)ρ+pZρZ

[0090] Where p = 1-e -γd , p represents the phase flip probability, ρ represents the initial state of the system, Z represents the Pauli-Z operator, and E(ρ) represents the new quantum state;

[0091] The key receiving device applies an opposite phase shift to the received qubit.

[0092] S5. The key distribution device and the key receiving device exchange information on the preparation and measurement basis through a classical channel, and compare the results with the same basis to extract the key.

[0093] For example, the key distribution device prepares a series of quantum bits, each of which randomly selects a polarization state, such as horizontal (H), vertical (V), diagonal (D) or anti-diagonal (A), which correspond to different bases (base X and base Y), and sends these quantum bits to the key receiving device through a quantum channel. The key receiving device randomly selects a measurement basis (base X or base Y) to measure each received quantum bit. The key distribution device and the key receiving device exchange each other's basis information through a classical channel, rather than specific measurement results or polarization states, such as:

[0094] The key distribution device sends: {base X, base Y, base X, base Y, base X};

[0095] The key receiving device sends: {base Y, base X, base X, base Y, base Y};

[0096] In this case, only the bases at the third and fourth positions are the same;

[0097] Assume that the quantum bit sent by the key distribution device at the third position is in polarization state H, corresponding to basis X, and the measurement result of the key receiving device is H, then the extraction result is 1 (set rule); at the fourth position, the quantum bit sent by the key distribution device is in polarization state V, corresponding to basis Y, and the measurement result of the key receiving device is also V, then the extraction result is 0, and the final extracted key is {1, 0}.

[0098] S6. Calculate the quantum bit error rate, evaluate whether the error rate of the key is within the set acceptance range, and obtain the final security key based on the evaluation results.

[0099] Methods for evaluating whether the error rate of the key is within the set acceptable range include:

[0100] Set the acceptance range [E min , E max ], when the quantum bit error rate is within the acceptance range [E min , E max ], error correction and privacy amplification are performed on the erroneous quantum bits to remove potential information leakage and correct errors. When the quantum bit error rate is not within the acceptable range [E min , E max ], the received quantum bits are readjusted.

[0101] The error correction steps are:

[0102] Estimate the error and find the specific error location through a secure classical channel sharing LDPC;

[0103] Use a cascaded protocol correction algorithm to exchange information about the error locations until the error rate drops below a preset threshold;

[0104] After error correction, the bit error rate is re-evaluated to ensure that the bit error rate is within the acceptable range. When the bit error rate is still higher than the acceptable range, error correction is performed again or the key is abandoned.

[0105] Suppose Alice sends the following four qubits, encoded in a random basis:

[0106] Bit 1: horizontal polarization state |Η>, ​​bit 2: vertical polarization state |V>, bit 3: diagonal polarization state |+ and bit 4: diagonal polarization state |->;

[0107] Bob randomly chooses the following measurement basis:

[0108] Bit 1: The measurement basis is horizontal / vertical basis, and the measurement result is |H>;

[0109] Bit 2: The measurement basis is horizontal / vertical basis, and the measurement result is random, i.e., wrong;

[0110] Bit 3: The measurement basis is a diagonal basis, and the measurement result is random, that is, wrong;

[0111] Bit 4: The measurement basis is a diagonal basis, and the measurement result is |->;

[0112] Through the classical channel, Bob tells Alice his measurement basis, and Alice tells Bob which bits have the same basis, that is, the measurement basis of bit 1 and bit 4 is the same and the measurement result is correct, which can be used to generate the key, and the measurement basis of bit 2 and bit 3 is different or the measurement result is random and needs to be discarded.

[0113] In summary, the present invention adds decoherence parameter negotiation on the basis of the classic BB84 protocol. This negotiation allows the key distribution device and the key receiving device to jointly determine the decoherence parameters through the classical channel, which not only enables the quantum key distribution process to automatically adjust to changing environmental conditions, but also effectively minimizes the quantum bit error rate; in addition, by precisely controlling the adjustment of the quantum state and optimizing the error correction and privacy amplification strategies, the present invention can more effectively resist potential quantum attacks and environmental noise, ensure the security of data transmission in the power network, and especially provide a more reliable protection measure than traditional encryption technology in the face of quantum computing threats.

[0114] Example 2

[0115] On the basis of the first embodiment, this embodiment further provides an adaptive quantum key distribution system in a power network, including a negotiation module, a quantum state preparation module, a communication link module, a receiving and measuring module, and a classical information exchange module;

[0116] The negotiation module is used for the key distribution device and the key receiving device to negotiate decoherence parameters through a classical channel and make corresponding adjustments during the quantum state transmission process;

[0117] The quantum state preparation module is used for preparing quantum bits for the key distribution device, randomly selecting the polarization state of the quantum bits, and adjusting the polarization state of the quantum bits according to the negotiated decoherence parameters;

[0118] The communication link module is used to establish a communication link and send the quantum state to the key receiving device through the communication link;

[0119] The receiving and measuring module is used for the key receiving device to adjust the received quantum bits according to the decoherence parameters, and randomly select a measurement basis to measure the received quantum bits;

[0120] The classical information exchange module is used for the key distribution device and the key receiving device to exchange information on the preparation and measurement basis through the classical channel, and compare the results with the same basis to extract the key.

[0121] This embodiment also provides a computer device, which is suitable for the case of an adaptive quantum key distribution method in an electric power network, and includes a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute computer executable instructions to implement the adaptive quantum key distribution method in an electric power network proposed in the above embodiment.

[0122] The computer device may be a terminal, and the computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be achieved through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad provided on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0123] This embodiment also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the method for implementing an adaptive quantum key distribution method in a power network as proposed in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0124] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment and the data storage method proposed in the above embodiment belong to the same inventive concept. The technical details not fully described in this embodiment can be found in the above embodiment, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiment.

[0125] Example 3

[0126] On the basis of the previous two embodiments, this embodiment provides an adaptive quantum key distribution method in a power network. In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, scientific demonstration is carried out through simulation experiments.

[0127] Existing technology: does not include decoherence parameter negotiation;

[0128] index Prior art This method Quantum bit error rate 5.2％ 1.5％ Key generation rate 750 bits / second 1000 bits / second Environmental adaptability Low high Anti-interference ability generally powerful

[0129] The experimental tools use quantum simulation software, such as IBM-Qiskit or QuTiP;

[0130] Experimental steps: Use quantum simulation software to prepare a group of qubits, randomly select the polarization state of the qubit, simulate Alice and Bob negotiating the decoherence parameters on the classical channel, establish a qubit error model, and calculate the optimal decoherence parameters. According to the negotiated decoherence parameters, adjust the polarization state of the qubit to offset the decoherence effect during transmission. Generate the final key by simulating the error correction and privacy amplification process. Conduct multiple simulation experiments with and without decoherence parameter negotiation, and compare indicators such as qubit error rate and key generation rate.

[0131] By negotiating decoherence parameters and adjusting the polarization state of quantum bits, the quantum bit error rate is significantly reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of key distribution are improved. Due to the reduced error rate, the number of error bits that need to be processed during error correction and privacy amplification is reduced, thereby increasing the key generation rate. When the decoherence parameters are negotiated, the system can more effectively detect and resist potential quantum attacks, especially exhibiting higher detection capabilities when facing man-in-the-middle attacks, thereby ensuring the security of data transmission.

[0132] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive quantum key distribution method in a power network, characterized in that: The following steps are included: The key distribution device and the key receiving device negotiate decoherence parameters through a classical channel; The key distribution device prepares the qubits, randomly selects the polarization state of the qubits, and adjusts the polarization state of the qubits according to the negotiated decoherence parameters; Establishing a communication link, and sending the quantum state to a key receiving device through the communication link; The key receiving device adjusts the received quantum bits according to the decoherence parameter and randomly selects a measurement basis to measure the received quantum bits; The key distribution device and the key receiving device exchange information on the preparation and measurement basis through a classical channel, and compare the results of the same basis to extract the key; Calculate the quantum bit error rate and evaluate whether the key error rate is within the set acceptance range. Based on the evaluation results, obtain the final security key.

2. The adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for negotiating decoherence parameters over classical channels include, Prepare quantum states through a key distribution device; Constructing a qubit error model; The optimal decoherence parameter is calculated by minimizing the value of the qubit error model.

3. The adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quantum state prepared by the key distribution device is expressed as: |Ψ>=αH>+βV> In the formula, α and β are both expressed as complex numbers and satisfy the formula: |α 2 +|β 2 ＝1 Among them, |Ψ> represents the quantum state, |Η> represents the horizontal polarization, and |V> represents the vertical polarization state.

4. The adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to claim 3, characterized in that: The quantum bit error model is expressed as, Among them, θ represents a parameter related to quantum state preparation, γ represents a parameter of decoherence strength, QBER(d) represents the quantum bit error rate, and d represents the decoherence parameter.

5. The adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for adjusting the received quantum bits is, The calculation method of the new quantum state after the action of the quantum channel according to the optimal decoherence parameter is expressed as: E(ρ)=(1-p)ρ+pZρZ Where p = 1-e -γd , p represents the phase flip probability, ρ represents the initial state of the system, Z represents the Pauli-Z operator, and E(ρ) represents the new quantum state; The key receiving device applies an opposite phase shift to the received qubit.

6. The adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to claim 5, characterized in that: Methods for evaluating whether the error rate of the key is within the set acceptable range include: Set the acceptance range [E min , E max ], when the quantum bit error rate is within the acceptance range [E min , E max ], error correction and privacy amplification are performed on the erroneous quantum bits to remove potential information leakage and correct errors. When the quantum bit error rate is not within the acceptable range [E min , E max ], the received quantum bits are readjusted.

7. The adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps of error correction are: Estimate the error and find the specific error location through a secure classical channel sharing LDPC; Use a cascaded protocol correction algorithm to exchange information about the error locations until the error rate drops below a preset threshold; After error correction, the bit error rate is re-evaluated to ensure that the bit error rate is within the acceptable range. When the bit error rate is still higher than the acceptable range, error correction is performed again or the key is abandoned.

8. An adaptive quantum key distribution system in a power network, based on the adaptive quantum key distribution method in a power network according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes negotiation module, quantum state preparation module, communication link module, receiving and measuring module, and classical information exchange module; The negotiation module is used for the key distribution device and the key receiving device to negotiate decoherence parameters through a classical channel and make corresponding adjustments during the quantum state transmission process; The quantum state preparation module is used for preparing quantum bits for the key distribution device, randomly selecting the polarization state of the quantum bits, and adjusting the polarization state of the quantum bits according to the negotiated decoherence parameters; The communication link module is used to establish a communication link and send the quantum state to the key receiving device through the communication link; The receiving and measuring module is used for the key receiving device to adjust the received quantum bits according to the decoherence parameters, and randomly select a measurement basis to measure the received quantum bits; The classical information exchange module is used for the key distribution device and the key receiving device to exchange information on the preparation and measurement basis through the classical channel, and compare the results with the same basis to extract the key.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the adaptive quantum key distribution method in the power network according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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