Anti-static high-temperature-resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane elastomers, and particularly relates to an anti-static high-temperature-resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer and a preparation method thereof. Comprising a component A and a component B. The component A comprises conventional polyester polyol, functionalized polyester polyol, polyester polymer polyol, a chain extender, a cross-linking agent, a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent and a catalyst, and the component B comprises conventional polyester polyol, functionalized polyester polyol, polyether polyol and isocyanate. The functional polyester polyol is prepared by mixing activated carbon powder modified neopentyl glycol with straight-chain small-molecular dihydric alcohol and then carrying out esterification reaction on the mixture and dibasic acid. The prepared anti-static high-temperature-resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer has excellent conductivity and high-temperature resistance, and is good in skin, high in bearing capacity and high in thermal deformation temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane elastomers, and in particular relates to an antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] High-pressure gas cylinders are very common in daily life, construction and many other occasions. They are usually used to contain high-pressure oxygen, acetylene, coal gas, liquefied petroleum gas and other gases. Users include construction sites, factories, laboratories, hospitals, schools, disease control centers, electronic rooms and other fields. Although the application scenarios vary, due to the danger of high-pressure gas, during transportation and use, there are different degrees of requirements for the anti-static ability, high temperature resistance and aging resistance of the cylinder placement environment to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel. Using a polyurethane base to place or fix high-pressure gas cylinders is a common transportation or use measure. However, ordinary polyurethane resins have a large electrostatic accumulation effect. When resin products are rubbed by foreign objects, they may absorb dust in the air, or generate sparks due to electric shock during transportation and use, which may ignite flammable items, leading to fires and explosions, and pose safety hazards.

[0003] The polyurethane cylinder bases commonly found on the market usually require the addition of antistatic agents, anti-aging agents and other additives on site to meet safety requirements. However, such additives are not only expensive and have a strong odor, but also have a certain impact on the environment.

[0004] Chinese patent CN118978806A discloses a transparent antistatic polyurethane elastomer and a preparation method thereof. The components of the transparent antistatic polyurethane elastomer include: isocyanate, polyol / amine, chain extender and antistatic additive, and the component ratio of the antistatic additive includes: 60% quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant with hydroxyl functional group at the end, 20% tri-n-butylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt and 20% polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 600. This technical scheme is similar to the current industrial production process. By adding antistatic agent to polyurethane stock solution, polyurethane resin has antistatic ability. However, it is not convenient in daily production process, because production workers need to perform seasoning operation on site, and antistatic agent has odor, which is harmful and does not meet the requirements of green environmental protection, and it is expensive, thereby increasing production cost. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a safe, environmentally friendly and cost-controlled polyurethane material for manufacturing antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane high-pressure gas cylinder base to meet the requirements of different environments. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer having excellent electrical conductivity and high temperature resistance, as well as good surface, high load-bearing capacity and high heat deformation temperature.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer, which is simple to operate and easy to industrialize.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer comprises component A and component B in a mass ratio of 100:(100-120); The A component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Conventional polyester polyol: 60-80 parts; Functionalized polyester polyol: 5-15 parts; Polyester polymer polyol: 5-35 parts; Chain extender: 10-15 parts; Cross-linking agent: 2-5 parts; Foam leveling agent: 0.3-0.8 parts; Foaming agent: 0.3-0.7 parts; Catalyst: 1-2 parts; Wherein, the sum of the mass fractions of conventional polyester polyol, functionalized polyester polyol and polyester polymer polyol in component A is 100 parts; The B component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Conventional polyester polyol: 10-20 parts; Functionalized polyester polyol: 5-10 parts; Polyether polyol: 5-10 parts; Isocyanate: 60-80 parts; The number average molecular weight of the functionalized polyester polyol is 2000 or 3000 g / mol, and the preparation method thereof is as follows: (1) Put banana leaves into an oven, dehydrate and dry them at 100°C for 1 hour, then take them out and put them into a tube furnace, heat them from room temperature to 500°C within 100 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcine them at this temperature for 6 hours. After cooling, grind them into powder using a grinder to obtain carbon powder; dissolve the carbon powder in a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 1:1 for activation treatment, stir them at 60°C for 30 minutes, and then dry them at 80°C for 5 hours to obtain activated carbon powder; (2) dissolving activated carbon powder and neopentyl glycol in ethylene glycol, ultrasonicating at 50°C for 30 min, and then drying at 80°C for 2 h to obtain functionalized neopentyl glycol; (3) The functionalized neopentyl glycol and the linear small molecule diol are mixed and put into a reactor, and then the dibasic acid is added. Under the catalytic action of tetraisopropyl titanate, the temperature is raised to 170°C in a nitrogen environment for esterification reaction. The tower temperature is maintained at 100°C through a distillation tower, and then the temperature is continuously raised to 220°C for ester exchange reaction. Nitrogen is introduced to remove excess alcohol. Samples are taken for analysis every 1 hour until the acid value is below 0.5 mgKOH / g and the hydroxyl value reaches 38-56 mgKOH / g. The temperature is then lowered to 120°C to obtain a functionalized polyester polyol.

[0008] In the step (2), the mass ratio of activated carbon powder, neopentyl glycol and ethylene glycol is 1:(5-6):(3-4); the amount of tetraisopropyl titanate added is 49-50 ppm of the total amount of functionalized neopentyl glycol, linear small molecule diol and dibasic acid; in the step (3), the mass ratio of functionalized neopentyl glycol, linear small molecule diol and dibasic acid is 1:1:(2-2.1); wherein the linear small molecule diol is one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or 1,3-propylene glycol; and the dibasic acid is one or more of adipic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid or phthalic anhydride.

[0009] The conventional polyester polyol has a number average molecular weight of 1500-2500 g / mol and a functionality of 2-2.1. The preparation method thereof is: mixing one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol with trimethylolpropane, and then adding one or more of adipic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, terephthalic acid or phthalic anhydride, and preparing the polyol through esterification condensation; preferably, the polyol is one of PE-2515, PE-2520, PE-2520-03, PE-2415, PE-2420, PE-2325 produced by Shandong Yinuowei Polyurethane Co., Ltd.

[0010] The polyester polymer polyol has a solid content of 20-40wt.%, a functionality of 2, and is a polyester polymer polyol containing a benzene ring. It is prepared by polycondensing a diol with adipic acid to obtain a basic polyester with a number average molecular weight of 2000g / mol, and then grafting the basic polyester with styrene; preferably, it is one of P-245T produced by Shandong Yinuowei Polyurethane Co., Ltd. and PM-245 produced by Hoocker Company of Spain.

[0011] The number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 4000-6000 g / mol, and the functionality is 2-3; preferably, it is one of EP-330NG (number average molecular weight of 6000 g / mol, functionality of 3), ED-28 (number average molecular weight of 4000 g / mol, functionality of 2) produced by Shandong Bluestar Dongda Chemical Co., Ltd., and Donol820 (number average molecular weight of 4000 g / mol, functionality of 2) produced by Shanghai Dongda Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0012] The chain extender is one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol.

[0013] The cross-linking agent is one of diethanolamine, triethanolamine or glycerol.

[0014] The foam leveling agent is a polysiloxane-olefin oxide block copolymer, preferably B 8295 produced by Evonik Specialty Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. or S 4214 produced by Shanghai Maihao Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0015] The foaming agent is water.

[0016] The catalyst is an amine catalyst, preferably one of DXD01C, DXD 04C or DXD-07C produced by Shandong Yinuowei Polyurethane Co., Ltd.

[0017] The isocyanate is one or more of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (preferably MDI-100 of Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd.) or carbodiimide-modified MDI (preferably CDMDI-100L of Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd. or CD-C of Covestro AG, Germany).

[0018] The method for preparing the antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer comprises the following steps: 1) Put conventional polyester polyol, functional polyester polyol, polyester polymer polyol, chain extender, crosslinker, foaming agent, blowing agent and catalyst into a reaction kettle, stir for 2-3 hours at 60-70°C under normal pressure to obtain component A; 2) Put conventional polyester polyol, functional polyester polyol and polyether polyol into a reaction kettle, control the material temperature at 40-50°C, add isocyanate, and react at 70-80°C for 1-3h to obtain component B with an -NCO content of 18.5-25.5wt.%; 3) After mixing component A and component B, inject them into a mold at a temperature of 30-50°C and cure for 10-20 minutes to obtain an antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The surface of the carbon powder after acid activation treatment has hydroxyl groups, which has better affinity and wettability with the polyester system and can be evenly distributed in the polyurethane system to form a conductive network, effectively preventing the generation and accumulation of static electricity; (2) By introducing polyester polyols prepared from functionalized neopentyl glycol, the polyurethane material produced not only maintains the mechanical properties but also has excellent thermal stability, high heat deformation temperature and anti-aging properties; (3) By introducing polyester polymer polyols containing a benzene ring structure and balancing the reaction initiation speed and gelation speed under the synergistic effect of the crosslinker and catalyst, the product surface quality is good and the load-bearing capacity is high; (4) In the synthesis process of the functionalized polyester polyol described in the present invention, banana leaves, a domestic waste, are selected as raw materials, which is green, environmentally friendly and low-cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments, but they do not limit the implementation of the present invention.

[0021] The raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are conventional commercially available raw materials unless otherwise specified, and the process methods used in the examples and comparative examples are conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified.

[0022] Some of the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are described as follows: Functionalized neopentyl glycol, prepared as follows: (1) Put banana leaves into an oven, dehydrate and dry them at 100°C for 1 hour, then take them out and put them into a tube furnace, heat them from room temperature to 500°C within 100 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcine them at this temperature for 6 hours. After cooling, grind them into powder using a grinder to obtain carbon powder; dissolve the carbon powder in a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 1:1 for activation treatment, stir them at 60°C for 30 minutes, and then dry them at 80°C for 5 hours to obtain activated carbon powder; (2) 25 kg of activated carbon powder and 150 kg of neopentyl glycol were dissolved in 75 kg of ethylene glycol, ultrasonicated at 50 °C for 30 min, and then dried at 80 °C for 2 h to obtain functionalized neopentyl glycol.

[0023] Functionalized polyester polyol PE-C540, with a functionality of 2 and a number average molecular weight of 2000 g / mol, is prepared as follows: 65 kg of functionalized neopentyl glycol, 26 kg of ethylene glycol and 39 kg of 1,3-propylene glycol were mixed and put into a reactor, and then 92 kg of adipic acid, 28 kg of terephthalic acid and 16 kg of phthalic anhydride were added, and stirring was started. Under the catalytic action of 13 g of tetraisopropyl titanate, the temperature was raised to 170°C in a nitrogen environment for esterification reaction, and the tower temperature was maintained at 100°C through a distillation tower, and then the temperature was continuously raised to 220°C for ester exchange reaction. Nitrogen was introduced to remove excess alcohol, and samples were taken for analysis every 1 hour until the acid value reached 0.5 mgKOH / g and the hydroxyl value reached 56 mgKOH / g. The temperature was then lowered to 120°C to obtain functionalized polyester polyol PE-C540.

[0024] Functionalized polyester polyol PE-C560, with a functionality of 2 and a number average molecular weight of 3000 g / mol, is prepared as follows: 70 kg of functionalized neopentyl glycol, 52 kg of ethylene glycol and 18 kg of diethylene glycol were mixed and put into a reactor, and then 60 kg of adipic acid, 46 kg of phthalic acid and 41 kg of phthalic anhydride were added, and stirring was started. Under the catalytic action of 14 g of tetraisopropyl titanate, the temperature was raised to 170°C in a nitrogen environment for esterification reaction, and the tower temperature was maintained at 100°C through a distillation tower, and then the temperature was continuously raised to 220°C for ester exchange reaction. Nitrogen was introduced to remove excess alcohol, and samples were taken for analysis every 1 hour until the acid value reached 0.5 mgKOH / g and the hydroxyl value reached 38 mgKOH / g. The temperature was then lowered to 120°C to obtain functionalized polyester polyol PE-C560.

[0025] Example 1 The method for preparing the antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer comprises the following steps: 1) Turn on the stirring speed to 35Hz, put 60kg of PE-2415, 5kg of PE-C540, 35kg of P-245T, 15kg of ethylene glycol, 2kg of diethanolamine, 0.3kg of B 8295, 0.3kg of water, and 1kg of DXD-04C into the reactor in sequence, and stir at 60℃ for 2h to obtain component A; 2) 10 kg of PE-2415, 5 kg of PE-C540, and 5 kg of ED-28 were sequentially added into the reactor, stirring was started, the material temperature was controlled at 40°C, 70 kg of MDI-100 and 10 kg of CDMDI-100L were added, and the reaction was carried out at 70°C for 3 hours to obtain component B with an -NCO content of 25.5 wt.%; 3) Inject component A and component B into the material tank of a low-pressure casting machine respectively, mix them in a mass ratio of 100:100, inject them into a mold at a temperature of 40°C, and cure them for 15 minutes to obtain an antistatic and high-temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer.

[0026] Example 2 The method for preparing the antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer comprises the following steps: 1) Turn on the stirring speed to 35Hz, put 60kg of PE-2515, 20kg of PE-2325, 15kg of PE-C540, 5kg of PM-245, 10kg of 1,4-butanediol, 5kg of triethanolamine, 0.3kg of B 8295, 0.5kg of S-4214, 0.7kg of water and 2kg of DXD-07C into the reactor in sequence, and stir at 65℃ for 2.5h to obtain component A; 2) 20kg of PE-2515, 10kg of PE-C540, and 10kg of Donol820 were sequentially added into the reactor, stirring was started, the material temperature was controlled at 45°C, 60kg of MDI-100 was added, and after reacting at 75°C for 2.5h, component B with an -NCO content of 18.5wt.% was obtained; 3) Inject component A and component B into the material tank of a low-pressure casting machine respectively, mix them in a mass ratio of 100:108, inject them into a mold at a temperature of 50°C, and cure them for 10 minutes to obtain an antistatic and high-temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer.

[0027] Example 3 The method for preparing the antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer comprises the following steps: 1) Turn on the stirring speed to 35Hz, put 60kg of PE-2420, 10kg of PE-2520-03, 10kg of PE-C560, 20kg of P-245T, 6kg of ethylene glycol, 6kg of diethylene glycol, 4kg of triethanolamine, 0.6kg of S-4214, 0.5kg of water, and 1.5kg of DXD-01C into the reactor in sequence, and stir at 70℃ for 3h to obtain component A; 2) 15kg of PE-2420, 8kg of PE-C560, and 7kg of ED-28 were sequentially added into the reactor, stirring was started, the material temperature was controlled at 50°C, 65kg of MDI-100 and 5kg of CD-C were added, and the reaction was carried out at 80°C for 1h to obtain component B with an -NCO content of 22.5wt.%; 3) Inject component A and component B into the material tank of a low-pressure casting machine respectively, mix them in a mass ratio of 100:103, inject them into a mold at a temperature of 30°C, and cure them for 20 minutes to obtain an antistatic and high-temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer.

[0028] Example 4 The method for preparing the antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer comprises the following steps: 1) Turn on the stirring speed to 35 Hz, put 45 kg of PE-2520, 17 kg of PE-2415, 12 kg of PE-C560, 26 kg of PM-245, 11 kg of ethylene glycol, 3 kg of 1,4-butanediol, 3 kg of glycerol, 0.5 kg of B 8295, 0.6 kg of water, and 1.7 kg of DXD-04C into the reactor in sequence, and stir at 70 ° C at normal pressure for 2.5 hours to obtain component A; 2) 18 kg of PE-2520, 6 kg of PE-C560, 3 kg of EP-330NG, and 5 kg of Donol820 were sequentially added into the reactor, stirring was started, the material temperature was controlled at 50°C, 48 kg of MDI-100 and 20 kg of CDMDI-100L were added, and after reacting at 80°C for 2 hours, component B with an -NCO content of 21 wt.% was obtained; 3) Inject component A and component B into the material tank of a low-pressure casting machine respectively, mix them in a mass ratio of 100:120, inject them into a mold at a temperature of 45°C, and cure them for 17 minutes to obtain an antistatic and high-temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the functionalized polyester polyol PE-C540 is not added to component A, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0030] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the functionalized polyester polyol PE-C540 is not added to component B, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0031] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of conventional polyester polyol in component A is 95 kg, the amount of polyester polymer polyol P2 is 0, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of functionalized polyester polyol PE-C540 used in components A and B is 20 kg, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0033] The polyurethane microporous elastomers prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to performance tests, and the test methods were as follows: Viscosity of component A (cps / 40°C): tested using a cone-plate viscometer with a No. 3 rotor at 40°C and 200 rpm; Density (kg / m 3 ): Tested in accordance with GB / T 6343-2009; Hardness (A): Tested in accordance with GB / T 2411-2008; Tensile strength (MPa): Tested in accordance with GB / T 528-2009; Surface resistance (Ω): Tested in accordance with GB / T 2439-2001; Heat deformation temperature (℃): Tested in accordance with GB / T 1634-2004; The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Performance test results

[0034] The density of the products in Examples 1-4 of the present invention is 410-558 kg / m 3 , hardness is 62-77A, tensile strength meets the technical indicators of polyurethane cylinder base. Conventional polyurethane resin without antistatic agent has a large static accumulation effect, and the surface resistance is generally 10 12 -10 15 Ω, the surface resistance of the products of Examples 1-4 of the present invention is 10 5 -10 7 Ω, heat deformation temperature is between 126-143℃, the smaller the surface resistance, the better the conductive effect, the stronger the antistatic function, and the higher the heat deformation temperature, the stronger the high temperature resistance. The present invention first utilizes green and environmentally friendly banana leaves to be calcined at high temperature, and forms OH groups on the surface of carbon powder through a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid with a volume ratio of 1:1, thereby increasing the dispersibility in polar solvents, improving the affinity and wettability with polyester, and at the same time, through ultrasonic assisted dispersion, forming a uniform suspension liquid, thereby obtaining functionalized polyester polyols; at the same time, neopentyl glycol is introduced, so that the polyurethane elastomer material based on the functionalized polyester polyols has excellent conductive properties and high temperature resistance without changing the mechanical properties, and at the same time, the surface is good, the load-bearing capacity is high, and the heat deformation temperature is high.

[0035] Comparative Examples 1-4 are compared with Example 1 respectively. At similar density, in Comparative Example 1, component A does not add functionalized polyester polyol, the surface resistance increases by one order of magnitude, the high temperature resistance decreases slightly, and there is no obvious difference in other properties. In Comparative Example 2, component B does not add functionalized polyester polyol, the surface resistance increases significantly, and the high temperature resistance decreases significantly. It can be seen that the introduction of functionalized polyester polyol in component B can significantly reduce the surface resistance and improve the high temperature resistance while maintaining the performance of the product. In Comparative Example 3, the polyester polymer polyol is reduced to 0 parts, and the product has a hollow and shrunken epidermis, and the tensile strength and hardness are significantly reduced. This shows that if the formula system does not use polymer polyols, there is no polyester polymer polyol to cooperate with functionalized polyester polyols and foam leveling agents, and the pore structure and strength are adversely affected. In Comparative Example 4, the addition amount of functionalized polyester polyols of components A and B is increased to 20 parts, the mechanical properties do not change significantly, the surface resistance decreases sharply, and the high temperature resistance increases sharply, but the viscosity of the raw liquid is too large, which affects the actual production process.

[0036] In summary, the antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer prepared by the present invention can achieve a molding density of 410-558kg / m 3 When the hardness is 62-77A, the surface is defect-free, and the anti-static ability and high temperature resistance are excellent, meeting the different environmental requirements of construction sites, laboratories, electronic rooms, etc.

Claims

1. An antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer, characterized in that: It includes component A and component B in a mass ratio of 100:(100-120); The A component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Conventional polyester polyol: 60-80 parts; Functionalized polyester polyol: 5-15 parts; Polyester polymer polyol: 5-35 parts; Chain extender: 10-15 parts; Cross-linking agent: 2-5 parts; Foam leveling agent: 0.3-0.8 parts; Foaming agent: 0.3-0.7 parts; Catalyst: 1-2 parts; Wherein, the sum of the mass fractions of conventional polyester polyol, functionalized polyester polyol and polyester polymer polyol in component A is 100 parts; The B component includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: Conventional polyester polyol: 10-20 parts; Functionalized polyester polyol: 5-10 parts; Polyether polyol: 5-10 parts; Isocyanate: 60-80 parts; The number average molecular weight of the functionalized polyester polyol is 2000 or 3000 g / mol, and the preparation method thereof is as follows: (1) dissolving the carbon powder in a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid in a volume ratio of 1:1 for activation treatment to obtain activated carbon powder; (2) dissolving activated carbon powder and neopentyl glycol in ethylene glycol, performing ultrasonic treatment and drying to obtain functionalized neopentyl glycol; (3) mixing the functionalized neopentyl glycol with a linear small molecule diol, and then subjecting the mixture to an esterification reaction with a dibasic acid to obtain a functionalized polyester polyol; The conventional polyester polyol has a number average molecular weight of 1500-2500 g / mol and a functionality of 2-2.1; The polyester polymer polyol is a polyester polymer polyol containing a benzene ring, with a functionality of 2, and is prepared by polycondensing a diol with adipic acid to obtain a basic polyester with a number average molecular weight of 2000 g / mol, and then grafting the basic polyester with styrene; The number average molecular weight of the polyether polyol is 4000-6000 g / mol, and the functionality is 2-3.

2. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass ratio of activated carbon powder, neopentyl glycol and ethylene glycol is 1:(5-6):(3-4).

3. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the mass ratio of the functionalized neopentyl glycol, the linear small molecule diol and the dibasic acid is 1:1:(2-2.1); wherein the linear small molecule diol is one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or 1,3-propylene glycol; and the dibasic acid is one or more of adipic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid or phthalic anhydride.

4. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chain extender is one or more of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol.

5. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-linking agent is one of diethanolamine, triethanolamine or glycerol.

6. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foam leveling agent is a polysiloxane-olefin oxide block copolymer.

7. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foaming agent is water.

8. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst is an amine catalyst.

9. The antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isocyanate is one or more of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and carbodiimide-modified MDI.

10. A method for preparing the antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Put conventional polyester polyol, functional polyester polyol, polyester polymer polyol, chain extender, crosslinker, foaming agent, blowing agent and catalyst into a reaction kettle, stir for 2-3 hours at 60-70°C under normal pressure to obtain component A; 2) Put conventional polyester polyol, functional polyester polyol and polyether polyol into a reactor, control the material temperature at 40-50°C, add isocyanate, and react at 70-80°C for 1-3h to obtain component B; the -NCO content of component B is 18.5-25.5wt.%; 3) After mixing component A and component B, inject them into a mold at a temperature of 30-50°C and cure for 10-20 minutes to obtain an antistatic and high temperature resistant polyurethane microporous elastomer.

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