Space electromagnetic signal-based frequency spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on a space electromagnetic signal. The core advantage of the design is that the working frequency band of the antenna can simultaneously cover the wide frequency band characteristic of 300MHz to 18GHz, the absolute bandwidth reaches 17.7 GHz, the frequency spectrums of the wave bands of L, S, C, X and Ku are comprehensively covered, most of the frequency spectrums of the wave band of P are also covered, and a certain redundant bandwidth is provided. In the aspect of performance, the antenna has a good omnidirectional radiation direction in a working frequency band. The size of the antenna is smaller than that of the same type of antenna, and the manufacturing cost is low. The antenna has obvious technical advantages and application prospects in the field of frequency spectrum detection antennas, and has wide market potential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and in particular is an ultra-wideband antenna for spectrum detection based on space electromagnetic signals. Background Art

[0002] According to the latest definition of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China in 2024, ultra-wideband equipment generally refers to system equipment with a transmitting or receiving signal bandwidth (-10dB bandwidth) exceeding 500MHz or a relative bandwidth exceeding 20%. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a wireless communication technology with a wide bandwidth or even an extremely wide operating frequency band. The equipment currently using UWB technology is generally designed to have an operating frequency band greater than the specified 500MHz frequency band to meet actual needs. Compared with traditional narrowband communications, the notable feature of UWB technology is that it has an extremely wide operating frequency band, which enables it to achieve high-speed data transmission within a certain distance and improve the ability of data transmission to resist multipath interference. It also has the advantages of low power consumption and high time domain resolution.

[0003] The UWB antenna is one of the core components for realizing UWB wireless communication, and is responsible for sending and receiving electromagnetic radio frequency signals within the working frequency band. The design of the UWB antenna must meet the specific requirements of UWB technology, such as a wide or even extremely wide working frequency band, good electromagnetic radiation performance, etc., to ensure the efficient transmission of electromagnetic signals. With the increasing number of application scenarios of UWB technology, the current UWB antenna design has shown some shortcomings, such as the working frequency band is not wide enough, the antenna size is large, and the processing cost is high. Therefore, optimizing the design of the UWB antenna to improve its broadband coverage capability, achieve miniaturization and reduce manufacturing costs is the key direction for the further development of UWB antenna technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes an ultra-wideband antenna for spectrum detection based on space electromagnetic signals. This antenna can generate an ultra-wide operating frequency band of 300MHz to 18GHz, with an absolute bandwidth of 17.7GHz, and has ultra-wideband characteristics. The lowest frequency of the working frequency band generated by the proposed antenna is 300MHz, and the highest frequency is actually more than 18GHz. While completely covering the L, S, C, X, and Ku band spectrums, it also covers most of the P band spectrum. It completely covers the V2X communication band, UWB communication band, 5GHz and 6GHz bands in WIFI 6E, and IMT (5G / 6G) and other communication bands used in daily life. It provides a fairly wide signal coverage for spectrum detection of space electromagnetic signals, can take into account both low-frequency and high-frequency band spectrum detection, and is suitable for spectrum detection in complex electromagnetic environments. The antenna proposed in the present invention is simple and convenient to process, low-cost to manufacture, and miniaturized. This not only helps to reduce the overall cost of UWB system equipment, but also helps to save space for UWB equipment.

[0005] Technical solution: In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals, characterized in that the antenna includes an upper surface metal patch layer and a dielectric plate layer from top to bottom; the upper surface metal patch layer includes a radiation metal patch, a grounding metal patch, a grounding metal patch slot structure, and radiation branches; the dielectric plate layer is a FR4 material with a thickness of 1.6mm. The feeding method is to connect the radiation patch and the grounding patch through an SMA connector to stimulate the generation of electromagnetic waves radiating outward.

[0006] Furthermore, the antenna is characterized in that the basis of the upper surface radiating metal patch is a trumpet-shaped outward expansion structure patch, and inverted "L"-shaped radiation branches are introduced on both sides of the trumpet-shaped structure patch, thereby achieving the widening of the antenna working frequency band.

[0007] Furthermore, the antenna is characterized in that the base of the grounded metal patch on the upper surface is a symmetrical butterfly-shaped structure patch, and at the same time, a quarter elliptical groove and a Mickey Mouse-shaped perturbation groove are symmetrically opened on both sides of the grounded metal patch to further adjust the impedance matching of the antenna to obtain better performance indicators.

[0008] Furthermore, the spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals is characterized in that the antenna size is 168mm×120mm×1.6mm, the dielectric layer material is FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4, and the loss tangent value is 0.02.

[0009] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0010] 1. The present invention is a spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals, which can generate a working frequency band from 300MHz to 18GHz, fully covering all civil communication frequency bands required by the state, and has a certain amount of redundant bandwidth. It ensures the flexibility and adaptability of information transmission in actual communication, and enhances the stability and feasibility of information transmission.

[0011] 2. The present invention is a spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals. The reflection coefficient of most frequency bands in the working frequency band of the antenna is lower than -10dB, and the reflection coefficient of the worst frequency band is lower than -9dB, which meets the industrial standard of ultra-wideband antenna working bandwidth. The reflection coefficient in the low frequency band of the working frequency band is as low as -48.27dB, the reflection coefficient in the middle frequency band of the working frequency band is as low as -32.91dB, and the reflection coefficient in the high frequency band of the working frequency band is as low as -40.24dB, which ensures that most of the signals of the antenna can be radiated and transmitted. At the same time, it also shows that the antenna impedance matching is good, ensuring high efficiency and stability in actual use.

[0012] 3. The present invention is an ultra-wideband antenna for spectrum detection based on space electromagnetic signals. The antenna structure is easy to process and realize, has low manufacturing cost, miniaturized size, beautiful structure, good omnidirectional performance, and strong radiation capability, and can be used for spectrum detection of space electromagnetic signals.

[0013] 4. The present invention is an ultra-wideband antenna for spectrum detection based on space electromagnetic signals. The maximum gain of the antenna in the low frequency band of the working frequency band is 2.53dB, the maximum gain in the middle frequency band of the working frequency band is 4.45dB, and the maximum gain in the high frequency band of the working frequency band is 3.32dB. It has a good omnidirectional radiation direction and can perform all-round spectrum detection in space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the 3D structure of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an example of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 A top plan schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an example of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the specific dimensions of the upper surface radiation unit structure of the ultra-wideband antenna provided in an example of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the specific dimensions of the upper surface grounding unit structure of the ultra-wideband antenna provided in an example of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 A coplanar waveguide feeding structure of a metal patch on the upper surface of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in an example of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the reflection coefficient simulation results of the ultra-wideband antenna provided in an example of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 The E-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna provided in the example of the present invention at 300 MHz.

[0021] Figure 8 The H-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna provided by the example of the present invention at 300 MHz.

[0022] Fig. 9 The E-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna provided in the example of the present invention at 8 GHz.

[0023] Fig.10 The H-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna provided in the example of the present invention at 8 GHz.

[0024] Fig.11 An E-plane radiation pattern of an ultra-wideband antenna provided by an example of the present invention at 18 GHz.

[0025] Fig.12 The H-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna provided by the example of the present invention at 18 GHz.

[0026] Fig.13 Peakgain curve of the ultra-wideband antenna provided by the example of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] This invention is an ultra-wideband spectrum detection antenna based on space electromagnetic signals, and its three-dimensional structure is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the schematic diagram of the upper patch structure is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the specific schematic diagram of the radiation patch is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the ground patch diagram is as follows Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the feeding structure is shown in Figure 5As shown, the antenna feeding structure is a coplanar waveguide structure; the antenna comprises, from top to bottom, an upper surface metal patch layer (100) and a dielectric plate layer (200); the upper surface metal patch layer (100) comprises a radiating metal patch (101), radiating branches (102, 103), a grounding metal patch (104, 105), and a grounding metal patch slot structure (106, 107, 108, 109); and the dielectric plate layer (200) is a FR4 material with a thickness of 1.6 mm.

[0029] The antenna is characterized by: Figure 2 As shown, the upper surface metal patch layer (100) is divided into a radiation metal patch (101) and a grounding metal patch (104, 105). The radiating metal patch (101) is a symmetrical structure, which is symmetrical about the central axis of the long side of the antenna; the two grounding metal patches (104, 105) are also symmetrical about the central axis of the long side of the antenna; the basis of the radiating metal patch (101) is a trumpet-shaped expansion structure, the expanded "horn"-shaped boundary structure is determined by the boundary of a quarter ellipse, and inverted "L"-shaped radiation branches (102, 103) are symmetrically loaded on both sides of the radiating patch to expand the antenna working bandwidth; the grounding metal patches (104, 105) are quasi-"butterfly"-shaped, the upper part of the structure is composed of a quarter ellipse, and the boundary structures on both sides are determined by an exponential function. The grounding metal patches (104, 105) are symmetrically slotted about the central axis of the long side of the antenna, and the slotted structures are "Mickey Mouse"-shaped (106, 107) and quarter ellipse-shaped (108, 109), so that the current flow direction of the radiating ground can be changed, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the reflection coefficient and improving the radiation gain, so as to improve the impedance matching effect of the antenna.

[0030] The spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals is characterized in that the dielectric layer size of the antenna is 168mm×120mm×1.6mm, the material is FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4, and the loss tangent value is 0.02.

[0031] like Figure 6 As shown, the antenna generates an ultra-wide frequency band of 300MHz to 18GHz, with an absolute bandwidth of at least 17.7GHz, and has the characteristics of ultra-wideband. The antenna covers almost all of the P band, and also completely covers the L, S, C, X, and Ku bands, and also has a certain amount of excess bandwidth. It can adapt to diverse spectrum detection needs, and users do not have to switch devices frequently, reducing the limitation of having to use different dedicated detection antennas in different frequency ranges.

[0032] like Figure 6As shown, the antenna has a reflection coefficient lower than -10dB in the working frequency band, the lowest reflection coefficient in the low frequency band is -48.27dB, the lowest reflection coefficient in the medium frequency band is -32.91dB, and the lowest reflection coefficient in the high frequency band is -40.24dB, which ensures that most of the signals of the antenna can be radiated and transmitted. It also shows that the antenna is well matched, ensuring efficient and stable communication in actual use.

[0033] like Figure 7 As shown, at a frequency of 300 MHz, the E-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna exhibits a figure-8 distribution.

[0034] like Figure 8 As shown, at a frequency point of 300 MHz, the H-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna exhibits a figure-8 distribution.

[0035] like Fig. 9 As shown, at a frequency point of 8 GHz, the E-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna is quasi-circular with a certain degree of distortion.

[0036] like Fig.10 As shown, at a frequency point of 8 GHz, the H-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna is quasi-circular with a certain degree of distortion.

[0037] like Fig.11 As shown, at the frequency point of 18 GHz, the E-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna is quasi-circular with a certain degree of distortion.

[0038] like Fig.12 As shown, at the frequency point of 18 GHz, the H-plane radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna is quasi-circular with a certain degree of distortion.

[0039] From the simulation results analysis:

[0040] 1. Within the range of S11 coefficient below -10dB, the antenna can generate an ultra-wide operating frequency band from 300MHz to 18GHz, which almost covers the P band, and completely covers the L, S, C, X, and Ku bands, and also has a certain amount of excess bandwidth. It can adapt to diverse spectrum detection needs.

[0041] 2. The lowest reflection coefficient in the low frequency band is -48.27dB, the lowest reflection coefficient in the mid-frequency band is -32.91dB, and the lowest reflection coefficient in the high frequency band is -40.24dB, which ensures that most of the antenna signals can be radiated and transmitted, and also shows that the antenna is well matched.

[0042] 3. The antenna has a maximum gain of 2.53 dB in the low frequency band of the working frequency band, a maximum gain of 4.45 dB in the mid-frequency band, and a maximum gain of 3.32 dB in the high frequency band, and has a good omnidirectional radiation direction.

[0043] The above embodiments should be understood as being only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. After reading the contents of the present invention, technicians can make various changes or modifications to the present invention. These equivalent changes and modifications also fall within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals, characterized in that: The antenna includes, from top to bottom, an upper surface metal patch layer and a dielectric plate layer; the upper surface metal layer includes a radiation metal patch, a grounding metal patch, a slotted structure, and radiation branches; The middle dielectric layer is FR4 material with a thickness of 1.6 mm; the partial structures of the radiating metal patch and the grounding metal patch constitute a coplanar waveguide feeding structure. The feeding method is to connect the grounding metal patch through the grounding end of the SMA connector, and connect the signal end to the radiating metal patch to stimulate the generation of an outwardly radiating electric field.

2. The spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic shape of the radiating metal patch of the antenna is a trumpet-shaped expansion structure, and inverted "L"-shaped radiation branches are loaded on both sides, so as to achieve the goal of widening the working frequency band of the antenna; the basic shape of the grounding metal patch of the antenna is a butterfly-shaped structure, on which a slotting operation is performed. The slots opened on the grounding metal patch are symmetrical about the central axis of the long side of the antenna, and the slotted structure is a quarter ellipse and a Mickey Mouse shape, so as to achieve the goal of optimizing the antenna impedance matching.

3. The spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna can generate an extremely wide operating frequency band from 300MHz to 18GHz, completely covering the L, S, C, X, and Ku band spectrums, while also covering most of the P band spectrum.

4. The spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric layer of the antenna has a size of 168 mm×120 mm×1.6 mm, and is made of FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent value of 0.

02.

5. The spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna structure has good omnidirectional radiation performance and can be used for electromagnetic signal spectrum detection in real space.

6. The spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna has a reflection coefficient lower than -9dB in most frequency bands within the working frequency band, which meets the industrial standard for ultra-wideband antenna working bandwidth; the reflection coefficient in the low frequency band is as low as -48.27dB, the reflection coefficient in the mid-frequency band is as low as -32.91dB, and the reflection coefficient in the high frequency band is as low as -40.24dB, ensuring that most of the antenna's signals can be radiated and transmitted.

7. The spectrum detection ultra-wideband antenna based on space electromagnetic signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum gain of the antenna in the low frequency band of the working frequency band is 2.53dB, the maximum gain in the middle frequency band of the working frequency band is 4.45dB, and the maximum gain in the high frequency band of the working frequency band is 3.32dB.

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