Miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna

Abstract

A micro-strip transmission line is connected with a differential phase shift transmission line, the differential phase shift transmission line is connected with a top layer radiation patch through an impedance gradient transmission line, a bottom layer grounding plate is provided with an inverted T-shaped groove, a parasitic radiation patch is embedded in the groove, and an impedance tuning circular ring patch is arranged on a strip branch knot of the parasitic radiation patch. According to the invention, the broadband coverage and stable impedance matching are realized, the radiation performance is optimized, the miniaturization characteristic is realized, the miniaturization requirement of consumer electronics can be adapted, and the equipment cost and the assembly complexity are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of short-range wireless communication and mobile communication technology, and specifically to a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication technology, with its advantages of high transmission rate, strong anti-interference capability, and high-precision positioning, is increasingly widely used in short-range wireless communication, indoor positioning, and radio frequency identification (RFID). The 5-10 GHz band, as the core application band for UWB technology, features abundant bandwidth resources and strong signal penetration capabilities. It also covers parts of the C-band and X-band resources, making it a key research and development area for consumer electronics and IoT devices, and a crucial spectrum for achieving high-speed data transmission in 5G-A and future 6G systems.

[0003] Currently common ultra-wideband antenna structures, such as planar monopoles, Vivaldi antennas, and log-periodic antennas, face numerous bottlenecks when applied to the aforementioned high-frequency bands. On the one hand, as the frequency increases, traditional structures are prone to increased surface wave loss and dielectric loss, leading to difficulties in impedance matching and limiting the effective operating bandwidth. On the other hand, existing antennas suffer from large gain fluctuations, pattern distortion, and excessively high cross-polarization levels within the wide bandwidth, affecting signal transmission quality and system link budget. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna to solve the technical problems of limited effective operating bandwidth, insufficient signal transmission quality and stability in ultra-wideband antenna structures.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A miniaturized ultrawideband antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a microstrip transmission line, a differential phase-shifting transmission line, an impedance-gradient transmission line, a top radiating patch, a bottom ground plane, a parasitic radiating patch, and an impedance-tuning ring patch.

[0007] A microstrip transmission line is disposed in the middle region of the long side of the front side of the dielectric substrate. One end of the microstrip transmission line extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate as a feed port, and the other end is connected to a differential phase-shifting transmission line. The differential phase-shifting transmission line consists of two transmission lines of different lengths, a first transmission line and a second transmission line. The other ends of the first transmission line and the second transmission line are respectively connected to an impedance gradient transmission line. The end of the impedance gradient transmission line away from the differential phase-shifting transmission line is connected to the top radiating patch. The bottom ground plane is disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate and is located in the same region as the microstrip transmission line on the front side of the dielectric substrate. An inverted T-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the long side of the bottom ground plane away from the microstrip transmission line. The bottom end of the parasitic radiating patch is embedded in the inverted T-shaped groove. The center of the impedance tuning ring patch is located on the long branch of the parasitic radiating patch.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the parasitic radiation patch is inverted T-shaped, and its short horizontal stubs are located in the middle of the horizontal groove of the inverted T-shaped groove of the bottom ground plane. The radiation current of the bottom ground plane can feed the parasitic radiation patch through coupling, so that the parasitic radiation patch forms a resonant wave in the frequency band of 5.1 GHz to 5.6 GHz.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impedance-tuning ring patch can adjust the position of its center along the long vertical branch of the parasitic radiating patch. By adjusting the position, the overlapping area and overlap region of the impedance-tuning ring patch, the top radiating patch, and the impedance gradient transmission line in the projection direction are changed, thereby changing the coupling parameters between the impedance-tuning ring patch, the impedance gradient transmission line, and the top radiating patch, and thus optimizing the antenna impedance bandwidth.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between the bottom ground plane and the top radiating patch on the front side of the dielectric substrate in the projection area is a quarter wavelength corresponding to 5.9 GHz. The bottom ground plane also functions as an antenna ground plane and an electromagnetic wave reflector, and can limit the maximum gain direction of the radiation pattern of the top radiating patch at the 5.9 GHz frequency to the opposite region of the bottom ground plane.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the differential phase-shifting transmission line optimizes the length difference between the two transmission lines so that the output ends of the two transmission lines form a differential signal with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 180 degrees, which can provide excitation for the top-layer radiating patch.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the widths at both ends of the impedance-gradient transmission line are consistent with the widths of the differential phase-shifting transmission line and the top radiating patch, respectively, and the edge curvature of the impedance-gradient transmission line is gradually set, which can achieve the matching of the impedance at the end of the differential phase-shifting transmission line and the impedance of the top radiating patch.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric substrate is made of FR-4 epoxy fiberglass board, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 4.3, the length is 34mm, the width is 25mm, and the thickness is 1mm.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top radiating patch consists of two mirror-symmetrical first patches and second patches. The length of each first patch and second patch is 5 mm and the width is 1.5 mm. The first patch and the second patch together constitute a half-wave dipole structure. The operating frequency band of the half-wave dipole structure covers 5.6 GHz to 6.5 GHz, and the return loss parameter in this frequency band is greater than 10 dB.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inverted T-shaped groove on the bottom floor includes a horizontal groove and a vertical groove. The horizontal groove is 4 mm long and 0.7 mm wide, and the vertical groove is 1.34 mm long. The vertical groove is arranged along the long side axis of the bottom floor and the horizontal groove and the vertical groove are vertically connected to form an inverted T-shaped structure.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer diameter of the impedance tuning ring patch is 6mm and the ring width is 0.6mm. By adjusting the position of the impedance tuning ring patch, the return loss parameter of the antenna in the 6.5GHz to 10GHz frequency band can be greater than 10dB, thereby optimizing the impedance characteristics in this frequency band.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. Ultra-wideband coverage and stable matching: By leveraging the differential signal generation capability of differential phase-shifting transmission lines, the impedance matching design of impedance-gradient transmission lines, the resonant effect of parasitic radiating patches, and the coupling parameter adjustment function of impedance-tuned circular patches, the antenna achieves wideband coverage. The coordinated optimization of each component solves the problem of impedance matching difficulties in the high-frequency band of traditional antennas, ensuring low signal reflection loss and high transmission efficiency across the wide frequency band.

[0019] 2. Radiation performance optimization: The half-wave dipole structure of the top radiating patch ensures the symmetry and stability of the radiated signal; the bottom ground plane has both grounding and reflection functions, limits the maximum gain direction, reduces energy loss in non-target directions, improves the problems of large gain fluctuation and pattern distortion of traditional antennas, and enhances the directionality and reliability of signal transmission.

[0020] 3. Miniaturization and Integration: The compact layout of components on the dielectric substrate, and the ability of a single antenna to replace multiple traditional narrowband antennas, significantly saves internal space and aligns with the miniaturization and thinning design trends in consumer electronics. Simultaneously, the simplified interface layout reduces overall assembly complexity and failure rate, improving device integration efficiency.

[0021] 4. Compatibility and Cost Advantages: The antenna covers multiple frequency bands and is compatible with next-generation communication technologies such as ultra-wideband, WiFi 7, and 5G. This eliminates the need to design multiple antennas and RF connectors for different frequency bands, reducing interference during multi-band signal switching and improving signal transmission continuity. Furthermore, the reduced number of antenna components lowers costs for raw material procurement, production, and inventory management, enhancing the market competitiveness of the final product. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only examples of embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the S11 parameter results for the 5GHz to 10GHz frequency band according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the efficiency performance results of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a horizontal radiation pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a vertical plane radiation pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals: 1. Dielectric substrate; 2. Microstrip transmission line; 3. Differential phase-shifting transmission line; 3-1. First transmission line; 3-2. Second transmission line; 4. Impedance-gradient transmission line; 5. Top radiating patch; 5-1. First patch; 5-2. Second patch; 6. Bottom ground plane; 7. Parasitic radiating patch; 8. Impedance-tuning ring patch. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; they can refer to the internal connection of two components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] See Figures 1-3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a miniaturized ultrawideband antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip transmission line 2, a differential phase-shifting transmission line 3, an impedance-gradient transmission line 4, a top radiating patch 5, a bottom ground plane 6, a parasitic radiating patch 7, and an impedance-tuning ring patch 8.

[0035] The microstrip transmission line 2 is disposed in the middle area of ​​the long side of the front side of the dielectric substrate 1. One end of the microstrip transmission line 2 extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate 1 as a feed port, and the other end is connected to the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3. The differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 is composed of two transmission lines of different lengths, the first transmission line 3-1 and the second transmission line 3-2. The other ends of the first transmission line 3-1 and the second transmission line 3-2 are respectively connected to an impedance gradient transmission line 4. The end of the impedance gradient transmission line 4 away from the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 is connected to the top radiating patch 5. The bottom ground plane 6 is disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate 1 and is located in the same area as the microstrip transmission line 2 on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1. The bottom ground plane 6 has an inverted T-shaped groove in the middle of the long side away from the microstrip transmission line 2. The bottom end of the parasitic radiating patch 7 is embedded in the inverted T-shaped groove. The center of the impedance tuning ring patch 8 is disposed on the long branch of the parasitic radiating patch 7.

[0036] In the above scheme, the dielectric substrate 1 provides the mounting base, and each component is assembled according to the set position and connection relationship. After the signal is input from the feed port of the microstrip transmission line 2, it is orderly transmitted to the top radiating patch 5 through the differential phase shift transmission line 3 and the impedance gradient transmission line 4. At the same time, the bottom ground plane 6, the parasitic radiating patch 7 and the impedance tuning ring patch 8 work together to build a complete functional architecture for the antenna's ultra-wideband operation, ensuring the smooth connection between signal transmission and radiation, and supporting the stable performance of the overall antenna.

[0037] The parasitic radiating patch 7 is inverted T-shaped, with its short horizontal stub located in the middle of the horizontal slot of the inverted T-shaped groove of the bottom ground plane 6. The radiated current of the bottom ground plane 6 can feed the parasitic radiating patch 7 through coupling, causing the parasitic radiating patch 7 to form a resonant wave in the 5.1GHz to 5.6GHz frequency band. The parasitic radiating patch 7 is inverted T-shaped and fits into the inverted T-shaped groove of the bottom ground plane 6. The radiated current of the bottom ground plane 6 feeds the parasitic radiating patch 7 through coupling, causing the parasitic radiating patch 7 to form a resonant wave in a specific frequency band, thereby expanding the antenna's operating frequency band coverage, improving the antenna's resonant stability in that frequency band, and ensuring that the signal can be effectively transmitted in the corresponding frequency band.

[0038] The impedance-tuning circular patch 8 adjusts its center position along the long vertical stub of the parasitic radiating patch 7. This adjustment changes the overlap area and region of the impedance-tuning circular patch 8, the top radiating patch 5, and the impedance gradient transmission line 4 in the projection direction, thereby altering the coupling parameters between the impedance-tuning circular patch 8, the impedance gradient transmission line 4, and the top radiating patch 5, thus optimizing the antenna impedance bandwidth. The impedance-tuning circular patch 8 can move and adjust its position along the long vertical stub of the parasitic radiating patch 7, changing its projection overlap with the top radiating patch 5 and the impedance gradient transmission line 4, thereby adjusting the coupling parameters among the three. This allows for flexible optimization of the antenna impedance bandwidth, enabling the antenna to adapt to a wider frequency range and ensuring the reliability of impedance matching within the 6.5GHz-10GHz wideband.

[0039] The spacing between the bottom ground plane 6 and the top radiating patch 5 on the front side of the dielectric substrate 1 within the projection area is one-quarter wavelength corresponding to 5.9 GHz. The bottom ground plane 6 simultaneously functions as an antenna ground plane and an electromagnetic wave reflector, limiting the maximum gain direction of the radiation pattern of the top radiating patch 5 at the 5.9 GHz frequency to the opposite region of the bottom ground plane 6. Maintaining a specific spacing between the bottom ground plane 6 and the top radiating patch 5 serves both as the basic function of an antenna ground plane and as an electromagnetic wave reflector. This limits the maximum gain direction of the top radiating patch 5, reduces electromagnetic wave energy loss in non-target directions, increases radiation intensity in the target direction, and enhances the directivity and stability of antenna radiation.

[0040] The differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 optimizes the length difference between the two transmission lines 3-1 and 3-2, enabling the outputs of the two transmission lines 3-1 and 3-2 to form differential signals with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 180 degrees. This differential signal can provide excitation for the top-layer radiating patch 5. By optimizing the length difference between the first transmission line 3-1 and the second transmission line 3-2, the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 generates a differential signal with equal amplitude and a specific phase difference, providing a suitable excitation signal for the top-layer radiating patch 5. This ensures that the top-layer radiating patch 5 forms a stable radiation mode, improves the symmetry and consistency of the radiated signal, and helps the antenna achieve good radiation performance.

[0041] The impedance-gradient transmission line 4 has widths at both ends that match those of the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 and the top-layer radiating patch 5, respectively. Furthermore, the edge curvature of the impedance-gradient transmission line 4 is gradually changed, enabling impedance matching between the ends of the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 and the top-layer radiating patch 5. This smooth impedance transition between the ends of the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 and the top-layer radiating patch 5 reduces reflection loss during signal transmission, improves signal transmission efficiency, and ensures signal transmission quality within the corresponding frequency band.

[0042] The dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR-4 epoxy fiberglass board with a dielectric constant of 4.3, a length of 34 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm. The dielectric properties reduce signal loss in the medium, providing a stable mounting environment and working foundation for the microstrip transmission line 2, various patches, and other components. This ensures the structural stability of all antenna components, supports reliable signal transmission, and provides material assurance for the overall performance of the antenna.

[0043] The top-layer radiating patch 5 consists of two mirror-symmetrical patches, a first patch 5-1 and a second patch 5-2. Each patch 5-1 and patch 5-2 has a length of 5 mm and a width of 1.5 mm. Together, they form a half-wave dipole structure. This half-wave dipole structure operates in the frequency band from 5.6 GHz to 6.5 GHz, with a return loss parameter greater than 10 dB within this band. The top-layer radiating patch 5, composed of mirror-symmetrical patches 5-1 and 5-2, forms a half-wave dipole structure, adapting to signal radiation requirements, enhancing the antenna's radiation capability within the corresponding frequency band, ensuring the uniformity and stability of signal radiation within this band, and improving the antenna's operating performance in this band.

[0044] The inverted T-shaped slot on the bottom ground plane 6 includes horizontal and vertical slots. The horizontal slot is 4mm long and 0.7mm wide, and the vertical slot is 1.34mm long. The vertical slot is set along the long side axis of the bottom ground plane 6, and the horizontal and vertical slots are perpendicularly connected to form an inverted T-shaped structure. The inverted T-shaped slot on the bottom ground plane 6, through the reasonable layout of the horizontal and vertical slots, provides precise installation positioning for the parasitic radiating patch 7, ensuring a stable coupling and feeding relationship between the parasitic radiating patch 7 and the bottom ground plane 6. This guarantees that the parasitic radiating patch 7 can stably generate resonant waves, providing structural support for antenna frequency band expansion.

[0045] The impedance-tuning ring patch 8 has an outer diameter of 6mm and a ring width of 0.6mm. By adjusting the position of the impedance-tuning ring patch 8, the return loss parameter of the antenna in the 6.5GHz to 10GHz frequency band is made greater than 10dB, thus optimizing the impedance characteristics in this frequency band. The impedance-tuning ring patch 8, combined with its adjustable position, optimizes the impedance characteristics of the antenna over a wide frequency band, reduces signal reflection, improves the stability of antenna operation in this frequency band, and ensures effective signal transmission and reception over a wide frequency band.

[0046] The specific principle of a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

[0047] 1. Signal Transmission and Differential Excitation: The microstrip transmission line 2 serves as the signal input channel, transmitting external signals to the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3. The differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 generates a differential signal with equal amplitude and a specific phase difference through the length difference between the first transmission line 3-1 and the second transmission line 3-2, which is then transmitted to the top-layer radiating patch 5 via the impedance-gradient transmission line 4. The impedance-gradient transmission line 4 achieves impedance matching between the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 and the top-layer radiating patch 5 through a gradient design of width and edge curvature, ensuring efficient signal transmission.

[0048] 2. Multi-band resonance and bandwidth extension: The top radiating patch 5 consists of a first patch 5-1 and a second patch 5-2 forming a half-wave dipole structure, which receives differential signals and forms radiation in a specific frequency band; the inverted T-shaped slot of the bottom ground plane 6 provides installation and coupling conditions for the parasitic radiating patch 7, and the radiated current of the bottom ground plane 6 feeds the parasitic radiating patch 7 through coupling, so that it forms a resonant wave in another frequency band; the impedance-tuning ring patch 8 can be adjusted along the long vertical stub of the parasitic radiating patch 7 to change the coupling parameters with the top radiating patch 5 and the impedance-gradient transmission line 4, further extending the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0049] 3. Radiation direction and performance optimization: The bottom ground plane 6 and the top radiating patch 5 maintain a specific distance, which has both grounding and electromagnetic wave reflection functions. The maximum gain direction of the top radiating patch 5 is limited to the target area, reducing energy loss in non-target directions. The structural design and position optimization of each component together achieve impedance matching and stable radiation in a wide frequency band, ensuring the overall performance of the antenna.

[0050] How to use:

[0051] 1. Installation and Deployment: Fix the dielectric substrate 1 of the antenna to the designated position of the target device, ensure that the feed port of the microstrip transmission line 2 can be easily connected to the board connector of the device, and at the same time ensure that the installation direction of the bottom ground plane 6 meets the radiation direction requirements of the device (i.e., the maximum gain direction is towards the target transmission area).

[0052] 3. Parameter adaptation: According to the frequency band requirements, adjust the position of the impedance tuning ring patch 8 along the long vertical spur of the parasitic radiation patch 7 to optimize the impedance characteristics of the antenna in the target frequency band and ensure stable signal transmission.

[0053] 4. Signal input: External radio frequency signals are input through the feed port of microstrip transmission line 2. The signal is transmitted to the top radiating patch 5 via differential phase shift transmission line 3 and impedance gradient transmission line 4. The top radiating patch 5 converts the electrical signal into electromagnetic waves and radiates them out. At the same time, the parasitic radiating patch 7 and the impedance tuning ring patch 8 work together to ensure the signal radiation effect in a wide frequency band.

[0054] 5. Daily use: During use, keep the structure of each component of the antenna intact and avoid physical damage or obstruction to components such as dielectric substrate 1, top radiating patch 5, and bottom ground plane 6 to ensure unobstructed antenna radiation path and maintain stable communication performance.

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention achieve the requirements of stable operation over a wide frequency band and miniaturization adaptation, and the specific structure is as follows:

[0056] The dielectric substrate 1 is made of FR-4 epoxy fiberglass board with a dielectric constant of 4.3, a length of 34mm, a width of 25mm, and a thickness of 1mm, providing a mounting base for various components.

[0057] A microstrip transmission line 2, 5 mm long and 1.9 mm wide, is positioned at the center of the long side of the front side of the dielectric substrate 1. One end extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate 1 as a feed port, and the other end connects to a differential phase-shifting transmission line 3. The differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 consists of two transmission lines, a first transmission line 3-1 and a second transmission line 3-2, each 0.45 mm wide. One end of the first transmission line 3-1 and the second transmission line 3-2 is flush with the edge of the microstrip transmission line 2, and the other end is connected to an impedance-gradient transmission line 4, respectively. The first transmission line 3-1 and the second transmission line 3-2 have different lengths to form a 180-degree phase difference. The impedance-gradient transmission line 4 is mirror-symmetrical, with one end having the same width as the differential phase-shifting transmission line 3 and the other end having the same width as the top radiating patch 5. Its shape is based on a quarter-ellipse structure design with specific parameters to achieve a smooth impedance gradient. The top-layer radiating patch 5 consists of two mirror-symmetrical patches, a first patch 5-1 and a second patch 5-2. Each patch 5-1 and patch 5-2 is 5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, together forming a half-wave dipole structure.

[0058] A bottom ground plane 6, 30 mm long and 10.2 mm wide, is disposed on the back side of the dielectric substrate 1. It is located on the same side as the front microstrip transmission line 2 and is 4.6 mm away from the top radiating patch 5. An inverted T-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the long side of the bottom ground plane 6 away from the microstrip transmission line 2. The horizontal groove is 4 mm long and 0.7 mm wide, and the vertical groove is 1.34 mm long and is positioned along the long side axis. The parasitic radiating patch 7 is inverted T-shaped, with a short horizontal spur located in the middle of the horizontal groove of the inverted T-shaped groove, and a long vertical spur along the long side axis of the bottom ground plane 6. An impedance tuning ring patch 8, with an outer diameter of 6 mm and a width of 0.6 mm, is disposed with its center located on the long vertical spur of the parasitic radiating patch 7, allowing its position to be adjusted along this spur.

[0059] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, due to the combined effect of parasitic radiating stubs and impedance tuning rings, the antenna of this invention operates in the frequency band of 5.1GHz-10GHz, with an S11 parameter less than -10dB and an antenna efficiency greater than -2dB. The antenna exhibits good impedance and radiation characteristics within this frequency band. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the antenna of this invention has its maximum gain direction at the center frequency of the resonant wave of the top radiating patch, i.e., 5.9 GHz, facing the opposite direction of the ground plane, reducing electromagnetic wave energy in the direction of the bottom ground plane 6, and the maximum gain value is greater than 2.15 dBi of a standard dipole antenna. Through the matching of the dimensions and the coordination of the structure of each component, wide-band coverage and stable performance are achieved, adapting to the needs of various consumer electronics and communication devices.

[0060] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles of the present invention. The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The above embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna, characterized in that: The components include a dielectric substrate (1), a microstrip transmission line (2), a differential phase-shifting transmission line (3), an impedance-gradient transmission line (4), a top radiating patch (5), a bottom ground plane (6), a parasitic radiating patch (7), and an impedance-tuning ring patch (8), wherein: A microstrip transmission line (2) is disposed in the middle region of the long side of the front side of the dielectric substrate (1). One end of the microstrip transmission line (2) extends to the edge of the dielectric substrate (1) as a feed port, and the other end is connected to a differential phase-shifting transmission line (3). The differential phase-shifting transmission line (3) consists of two transmission lines of different lengths: a first transmission line (3-1) and a second transmission line (3-2). The other ends of the first transmission line (3-1) and the second transmission line (3-2) are respectively connected to an impedance-gradient transmission line (4). (4) The end away from the differential phase-shifting transmission line (3) is connected to the top radiating patch (5); the bottom ground plane (6) is disposed on the back of the dielectric substrate (1) and is located in the same area as the microstrip transmission line (2) on the front of the dielectric substrate (1). An inverted T-shaped groove is provided in the middle of the long side of the bottom ground plane (6) away from the microstrip transmission line (2). The bottom end of the parasitic radiating patch (7) is embedded in the inverted T-shaped groove. The center of the impedance tuning ring patch (8) is disposed on the long branch of the parasitic radiating patch (7).

2. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parasitic radiation patch (7) is inverted T-shaped, and its short horizontal stub is located in the middle of the horizontal groove of the inverted T-shaped groove of the bottom ground plane (6). The radiation current of the bottom ground plane (6) is fed to the parasitic radiation patch (7) through coupling. The parasitic radiation patch (7) forms a resonant wave in the frequency band of 5.1 GHz to 5.6 GHz.

3. The miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance tuning ring patch (8) adjusts the position of its own center along the long vertical branch of the parasitic radiation patch (7).

4. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the bottom ground plane (6) and the top radiating patch (5) on the front side of the dielectric substrate (1) in the projection area is a quarter wavelength corresponding to 5.9 GHz.

5. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The differential phase-shifting transmission line (3) optimizes the length difference between the two transmission lines (3-1) and (3-2), and the output ends of the two transmission lines (3-1) and (3-2) form a differential signal with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 180 degrees, which provides excitation for the top-layer radiating patch (5).

6. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The widths at both ends of the impedance gradient transmission line (4) are the same as the widths of the differential phase-shifting transmission line (3) and the top-layer radiating patch (5), respectively, and the edge curvature of the impedance gradient transmission line (4) is gradually set.

7. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate (1) is made of FR-4 epoxy fiberglass board. The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate (1) is 4.3, the length is 34 mm, the width is 25 mm, and the thickness is 1 mm.

8. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top radiating patch (5) consists of two mirror-symmetrical first patches (5-1) and second patches (5-2). Each first patch (5-1) and second patch (5-2) has a length of 5 mm and a width of 1.5 mm. The first patch (5-1) and second patch (5-2) together form a half-wave dipole structure. The operating frequency band of the half-wave dipole structure covers 5.6 GHz to 6.5 GHz, and the return loss parameter in this frequency band is greater than 10 dB.

9. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inverted T-shaped groove on the bottom floor (6) includes a horizontal groove and a vertical groove. The horizontal groove is 4 mm long and 0.7 mm wide, and the vertical groove is 1.34 mm long. The vertical groove is set along the long side axis of the bottom floor (6). The horizontal groove and the vertical groove are vertically connected to form an inverted T-shaped structure.

10. A miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the impedance tuning ring patch (8) is 6mm and the ring width is 0.6mm.

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