Wide-beam ultra-wideband antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a wide-beam ultra-wideband antenna. Specifically, an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface. The UWB antenna includes a radiating patch at the first surface. The UWB antenna includes a parasitic element adjacent the radiating patch at the first surface, and an antenna ground at the second surface. The UWB antenna includes a shorting pin between the radiating patch and the antenna ground. The UWB antenna has a wide beam angle greater than 120 degrees. The UWB antenna covers the UWB channel 9 and / or channel 10 band (s).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The main topic of the article is antennas. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a known wireless technology with wireless standards similar to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GNSS. UWB technology uses radio signals to communicate and transmit data between different devices. UWB technology utilizes a wider spectrum of frequencies, higher than Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, which have wide bandwidth in the GHz frequency range. UWB technology uses low power consumption and offers high positioning accuracy. UWB can be used to locate the orientation and precise location of devices, such as within centimeters. Due to this high accuracy, UWB is used for quickly and accurately locating and communicating with devices. However, due to its high frequency and shallow penetration depth, a clear line of sight is necessary for UWB to function properly.

[0003] Conventional UWB antenna setups utilize magnetoelectric dipoles to enhance beamwidth, a complex method for achieving good UWB characteristics. Conventional UWB antennas are highly dependent on a ground plane. They employ microstrip patch antennas, whose main drawbacks are small impedance bandwidth and narrow beamwidth, thus limiting their application in communication systems. Other conventional UWB antennas use highly complex stacked microstrip antennas to optimize radiation characteristics.

[0004] UWB antennas still need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In one embodiment, an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is provided, comprising a substrate having a first surface and a second surface. The UWB antenna includes a radiating patch on the first surface. The UWB antenna includes a parasitic element adjacent to the radiating patch on the first surface and an antenna ground on the second surface. The UWB antenna includes a short-circuit pin between the radiating patch and the antenna ground. The UWB antenna has a wide beam angle greater than 120°. The UWB antenna covers the UWB channel 9 frequency band.

[0006] In another embodiment, an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna assembly is provided, and it includes a host circuit board. The UWB antenna includes a first UWB antenna mounted to the host circuit board. The first UWB antenna includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a first radiating patch at the first surface of the first substrate, a first parasitic element adjacent to the first radiating patch at the first surface of the first substrate, a first antenna ground at the second surface of the first substrate, and a first short-circuit pin between the radiating patch and the antenna ground. The first UWB antenna has a wide beam angle greater than 120° and covers the UWB channel 9 frequency band. The UWB antenna also includes a second UWB antenna mounted to the host circuit board. The second UWB antenna includes a second substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a second radiating patch at the first surface of the second substrate, a second parasitic element adjacent to the second radiating patch at the first surface of the second substrate, a second antenna ground at the second surface of the second substrate, and a second short-circuit pin between the radiating patch and the antenna ground. The second UWB antenna has a wide beam angle greater than 120° and covers the UWB channel 9 frequency band. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 It is a UWB antenna assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of a portion of a UWB antenna assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0009] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a UWB antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0010] Figure 4 This is a top view of the UWB 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0011] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of a UWB antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0012] Figure 6 This is a top view of a UWB antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0013] Figure 7 This is a top view of a UWB antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0014] Figure 8 This is a top view of a UWB antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0015] Figure 9 This is a top view of a UWB antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0016] Figure 10A UWB antenna assembly is shown, illustrating first and second UWB antennas mounted to a host circuit board according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0017] Figure 11 A UWB antenna assembly is shown, illustrating first and second UWB antennas mounted to a host circuit board according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0018] Figures 12 to 55 Results are provided for a UWB antenna according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments described herein provide a wide-beam short-circuit patch UWB antenna with parasitic elements. The antenna is designed to have a wide beam (e.g., greater than 120°) in both the electric field (E-plane) and magnetic field (H-plane). The antenna is designed to have a well-directed radiation pattern across one or more frequency bands (such as for UWB channel 9 and / or UWB channel 10). In various embodiments, the antenna is designed to operate in the frequency ranges of 7.9872–8.4864 GHz and 8.4864–8.9856 GHz, which are respectively broadband in the applications of UWB channels 9 and 10. The antenna has a small footprint and a low profile for fitting into a compact antenna module.

[0020] In this embodiment, a simple short-patch antenna is used to achieve a wide bandwidth. The antenna may have a thick PCB / substrate, such as approximately 3 mm thick. The antenna may have multiple short-circuit vias shorted to a ground plane. The short-patch helps reduce the overall size and helps enhance the bandwidth. In various embodiments, a set of parasitic elements is implemented and optimized to enhance the radiation pattern of the radiating element. The short-patch antenna has a radiation pattern exhibiting a wide beamwidth (e.g., greater than 120°), which eliminates the blind spots or narrow field patterns of conventional antennas. The antenna's radiation pattern is consistent across a wide range of UWB channels 9 and 10, which ensures a stable amplitude of the transfer function. Due to the constant radiation pattern, this UWB antenna has a consistent fidelity factor across a wide beamwidth.

[0021] The antenna design embodiment, due to its simplicity, can be used as a surface-mount antenna and, where applicable, can be implemented in an antenna module. The antenna is scalable, and its size can be scaled to different operating frequencies based on application requirements. Parasitic elements can also be further enhanced along with the patch size to improve the overall beamwidth of the antenna. The beamwidth of the radiation pattern in both the E-plane and H-plane exhibits consistent performance across a wide frequency range. The antenna embodiment utilizes the wideband frequency range of channels 9 and 10 in a linearly polarized UWB antenna system. A compact antenna geometry, less than 4 mm in height, is achieved, allowing the antenna to be mounted within a compact housing of a UWB antenna module.

[0022] The antenna implementation offers several advantages, including relatively simple structure for SMT mounting, wide resonant bandwidth in the radiation band, directional stability of the radiation pattern, wide half-power beamwidth, and low cost. The antenna can achieve bandwidths >1 GHz without increasing size. Furthermore, it is not limited to specific grounding dimensions and can be mounted on grounding planes of various sizes and shapes.

[0023] Modern vehicles require robust and reliable information about occupancy within the passenger compartment. This information is crucial for intelligent airbag deployment systems, climate control, and the detection of children and disabled individuals left behind. Antenna performance characteristics (such as wide bandwidth and wide beamwidth) make this antenna design suitable for safe and precise positioning within UWB modules for various applications, such as the presence of any living being (pets, humans, etc.) in in-vehicle radar systems and UWB ranging. Furthermore, its structural stability and high scalability make this unit suitable for forming antenna arrays for base station / phased array applications.

[0024] Antenna design is not limited to the number of antennas in a single package / module / device. Various embodiments include a 2x2 MIMO antenna structure with two ports; however, antennas can be implemented in a variety of configurations based on application requirements. Short-circuit patches with parasitic elements are not limited to PCB design; they are still feasible when implemented on ceramic dielectrics or laser direct forming (structuring) with some optimization of the short-circuit patch shape. Antenna design is also not limited to linear polarization; short-circuit patches can be designed in different ways to achieve different polarizations.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a UWB antenna assembly 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 2This is a perspective view of a portion of a UWB antenna assembly 10. The UWB antenna assembly 10 includes a host circuit board 20 and one or more UWB antennas mounted to the host circuit board 20. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna assembly 10 may include a housing or cover (not shown). For example, the host circuit board 20 and the UWB antennas may be received within a housing or cover.

[0026] In the illustrated embodiment, the UWB antenna assembly 10 includes a pair of UWB antennas, namely a first UWB antenna 100. Figure 2 (as shown in the diagram) and the second UWB antenna 200. In an alternative embodiment, the UWB antenna assembly 10 may include more or fewer UWB antennas. UWB antennas 100 and 200 may be identical to each other. Alternatively, UWB antennas 100 and 200 may be different from each other, such as having different sizes and / or shapes to cover different frequencies. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 are wide-beam short-circuit patch UWB antennas with parasitic elements.

[0027] UWB antenna assembly 10 includes one or more coaxial feed (or power) ports mounted to host circuit board 20 and coupled to a corresponding UWB antenna. In the illustrated embodiment, UWB antenna assembly 10 includes a pair of coaxial feed ports, namely a first coaxial feed port 102 and a second coaxial feed port 202. In alternative embodiments, UWB antenna assembly 10 may include more or fewer coaxial feed ports. The first coaxial feed port 102 is electrically coupled to a first UWB antenna 100 via a first feed line 104. The second coaxial feed port 202 is electrically coupled to a second UWB antenna 200 via a second feed line 204. Coaxial feed ports 102, 202 may be mounted to host circuit board 20 at one or more edges of host circuit board 20.

[0028] The host circuit board 20 includes one or more layers between a first or upper surface 22 and a second or lower surface 24. The host circuit board 20 includes a ground layer 26, such as at the upper surface 22. UWB antennas 100, 200 are configured to be electrically coupled to the ground layer 26. For example, UWB antennas 100, 200 may be surface-mounted to the ground layer 26 at the upper surface 22. For example, UWB antennas 100, 200 may be soldered to the ground layer 26 at the upper surface 22. Coaxial feed ports 102, 202 may be electrically coupled to the ground layer 26, such as being soldered to the ground layer 26 at the lower surface 24.

[0029] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a UWB antenna 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. The UWB antenna 100 includes a substrate 110, a radiating patch 130, a parasitic element 150 adjacent to the radiating patch, an antenna ground 170, and a short-circuit pin 190 between the radiating patch 130 and the antenna ground 170.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 is designed to have a wide beam angle greater than 120°. For example, the UWB antenna 100 has a wide beam angle greater than 120° in the electric field (E-plane) and in the magnetic field (H-plane). In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 is designed to cover the UWB channel 9 frequency band. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 is designed to cover the UWB channel 10 frequency band. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 can operate in a frequency range between 7987.2 and 8985.6 MHz. In alternative embodiments, the UWB antenna 100 may be designed to cover other frequency bands. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 has a fidelity factor greater than 0.95. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 has a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 3:1. In various embodiments, the UWB antenna 100 has a VSWR of less than 2:1. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 has an isolation of greater than 20 dB. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 has an impedance of 50 ohms. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 has a total efficiency of greater than 70%. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 has a front-to-back ratio of greater than 20 dB. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 may have a height of less than 4 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 may have a 3-dB beamwidth (azimuth) between 120° and 160°. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 may have a 3-dB beamwidth (elevation) between 120° and 160°. In an exemplary embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 may have a pulse delay of less than 0.20 nanoseconds. In various embodiments, the UWB antenna 100 may have a pulse delay of less than 0.17 nanoseconds.

[0031] Substrate 110 includes a first surface or upper surface 112 and a second surface or lower surface 114. Substrate 110 has a thickness defined between the first surface 112 and the second surface 114. In an exemplary embodiment, substrate 110 includes a first end portion 116 and a second end portion 118 opposite to the first end portion 116. Substrate 110 has a length defined between the first end portion 116 and the second end portion 118. Substrate 110 includes a first side surface 120 and a second side surface 122 opposite to the first side surface 120. The first side surface 120 and the second side surface 122 extend between the first end portion 116 and the second end portion 118. Substrate 110 has a width defined between the first side surface 120 and the second side surface 122. The sides and ends may be perpendicular to each other. In an alternative embodiment, substrate 110 may include additional edges.

[0032] In the illustrated embodiment, substrate 110 is rectangular. However, in alternative embodiments, substrate 110 may have other shapes. Substrate 110 is sized to allow the UWB antenna 100 to be positioned within a specific envelope, such as a specific antenna module housing size. Although substrate 110 generally has a low profile (for mounting within the antenna module housing), the thickness of substrate 110 is chosen to play an important role in adjusting the resonant frequency, such as allowing sufficient spacing between the radiating patch 130 and the antenna ground 170. In an exemplary embodiment, substrate 110 has an aspect ratio of approximately 2:1 and / or approximately 4:1. In an exemplary embodiment, substrate 110 has an aspect ratio of approximately 2:1. In the illustrated embodiment, substrate 110 has an overall size of approximately 11 mm × 6 mm × 3 mm. In alternative embodiments, other sizes / scales are possible.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, substrate 110 is a printed circuit board. Substrate 110 may have one or more layers. In an exemplary embodiment, substrate 110 is made of a PCB material, such as a low-loss PCB material, which exhibits minimal loss and improved signal fidelity across the design frequency. The PCB material may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), FR4 grade material, polyimide material, etc.

[0034] In alternative embodiments, substrate 110 may be made of alternative processes and materials. For example, substrate 110 may be made of a ceramic material. For example, substrate 110 may be a ceramic block. In other alternative embodiments, substrate 110 may be made of LDS material using a laser direct forming (LDS) process. For example, substrate 110 may be an injection-molded plastic body with LDS additive material embedded in the injection-molded plastic body. Other components of the UWB antenna 100, such as radiating patch 130, parasitic element 150, antenna ground 170, and short-circuit pin 190, may be made using an LDS process.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 110 includes a plurality of openings or vias 124 extending therethrough between an upper surface 112 and a lower surface 114. The vias 124 receive short-circuit pins 190. For example, the via 124 may be a plated through-hole forming the short-circuit pins 190.

[0036] A radiating patch 130 is provided on the upper surface 112. In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch 130 is linearly polarized. In an alternative embodiment, the radiating patch 130 may be designed to have other polarizations.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch 130 is shorted to the antenna ground 170 via shorting pins 190. Shorting the radiating patch 130 is used to reduce or shrink the size of the radiating element. In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch 130 is shorted to the antenna ground 170 using a plurality of shorting pins 190 (such as four of the shorting pins 190). In the illustrated embodiment, the shorting pins 190 have a diameter of approximately 0.6 mm. In alternative embodiments, other diameters are possible. In alternative embodiments, more or fewer shorting pins 190 may be used. For example, a single elongated shorting element may be provided instead of four shorting pins 190 in a row. In alternative embodiments, one or more shorting traces may be provided between the radiating patch 130 and the antenna ground 170 along a first end 116. In other alternative embodiments, a stamped shorting element may be provided between the radiating patch 130 and the antenna ground 170, such as along the first end 116 or through an opening through the substrate 110.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch 130 is a printed circuit printed on the upper surface 112 of the substrate 110. In an alternative embodiment, the radiating patch 130 may be manufactured by other processes. For example, the radiating patch 130 may be a stamped radiating patch. The radiating patch 130 may be a film or foil applied to the upper surface 112 of the substrate 110.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch 130 is planar. In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch 130 is rectangular. In alternative embodiments, the radiating patch 130 may have other shapes. In the illustrated embodiment, the radiating patch 130 includes a first end 132 and a second end 134. The radiating patch 130 includes a first side 136 and a second side 138 extending between the first end 132 and the second end 134. In an exemplary embodiment, a short-circuit pin 190 is coupled to the radiating patch 130 at the first end 132. In alternative embodiments, other locations are possible.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating patch 130 includes an excitation point 140 that acts as a feed (or power supply) portion for the radiating patch 130. The UWB antenna 100 includes a feed pin 142 coupled to the excitation point 140. The feed pin 142 may be a plated through-hole through the substrate 110. The feed pin 142 may have a diameter selected to match a target impedance (such as 50 ohms). In the illustrated embodiment, the feed pin 142 has a diameter of approximately 0.6 mm. In alternative embodiments, other diameters are possible. In the illustrated embodiment, the excitation point 140 is located at a second end 134. For example, the excitation point 140 is positioned away from the short-circuit pin 190. The distance or spacing between the excitation point 140 and the short-circuit pin 190 can be selected to control the resonant frequency of the UWB antenna 100.

[0041] A parasitic element 150 is provided on the upper surface 112. For example, the parasitic element 150 may be positioned close to the radiating patch 130. The parasitic element 150 may be capacitively coupled to the radiating patch 130. The parasitic element 150 and the radiating patch 130 generate an additional field over a wider area. The radiating patch 130 is designed such that it induces a significant current due to the strong parasitic coupling with the parasitic element 150. In an exemplary embodiment, the parasitic element 150 and the radiating patch 130 are coplanar. The parasitic element 150 may be coupled through the substrate 110 to the antenna ground 170.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, the parasitic element 150 is shorted to be provided at the second end 134 of the radiating patch 130. For example, the parasitic element 150 may be located between the second end 134 of the radiating patch 130 and the second end 118 of the substrate 110. The parasitic element 150 may substantially fill the space between the second end 134 of the radiating patch 130 and the second end 118 of the substrate 110. In the illustrated embodiment, two of the parasitic elements 150 are provided. In alternative embodiments, more or fewer parasitic elements 150 may be provided. In alternative embodiments, other locations are possible. For example, one or more parasitic elements 150 may be provided along the sides(s) of the radiating patch 130 and / or along the first end 132 of the radiating patch 130.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the parasitic element 150 is a printed circuit printed on the upper surface 112 of the substrate 110. In an alternative embodiment, the parasitic element 150 may be manufactured by other processes. For example, the parasitic element 150 may be a stamped element. The parasitic element 150 may be a film or foil applied to the upper surface 112 of the substrate 110.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, the parasitic element 150 is planar. In an exemplary embodiment, the parasitic element 150 is rectangular. In an alternative embodiment, the parasitic element 150 may have other shapes. In the illustrated embodiment, the parasitic elements 150 are spaced apart from each other by gaps 152. The parasitic elements 150 may be spaced apart from the radiating patch 130 by gaps 154. In an exemplary embodiment, the parasitic element 150 is symmetrical (e.g., with respect to gap 152). In an alternative embodiment, the parasitic element 150 may be asymmetrical.

[0045] Antenna grounding element 170 is provided on the lower surface 114. In an exemplary embodiment, antenna grounding element 170 is a printed circuit printed on the lower surface 114 of substrate 110. In an alternative embodiment, antenna grounding element 170 may be manufactured by other processes. For example, antenna grounding element 170 may be a stamped grounding element. Antenna grounding element 170 may be a film or foil applied to the lower surface 114 of substrate 110.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna ground 170 is shorted to the radiating patch 130 via shorting pins 190 to reduce or minimize the size of the radiating element. In an exemplary embodiment, multiple shorting pins 190 are provided between the antenna ground 170 and the radiating patch 130.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna grounding member 170 is planar. In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna grounding member 170 is generally rectangular and has a main portion 180 configured to be generally aligned with the radiating patch 130. Optionally, at least a portion of the main portion 180 may be aligned with one or more of the parasitic elements 150. In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna grounding member 170 includes a slot 183 formed therein, with legs 182, 184 on opposite sides of the slot 183. The legs 182, 184 may be aligned with the parasitic elements 150. Optionally, portions of the legs 182, 184 may be aligned with the radiating patch 130.

[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, the antenna grounding member 170 includes a first end 172 and a second end 174. The antenna grounding member 170 includes a first side 176 and a second side 178 extending between the first end 172 and the second end 174. Legs 182 and 184 are provided at sides 176 and 178, respectively. A slot 183 may be open at the first end 172. In alternative embodiments, other locations for the slot 183 and the legs 182 and 184 are possible.

[0049] In an exemplary embodiment, feed pad 186 is located in slot 183 between legs 182, 184. Feed pin 142 is coupled to feed pad 186. Feed pad 186 is configured to couple to host board 20 and / or feed line 104. Figure 1(as shown in the image). In an exemplary embodiment, the short-circuit pin 190 is coupled to the antenna ground 170 at the first end 132. In alternative embodiments, other locations are possible.

[0050] In an exemplary embodiment, one or more solder pads 188 are provided to couple the UWB antenna 100 to the host circuit board 20. The solder pads 188 are configured to couple to an antenna ground 170. For example, the solder pads 188 are configured to be soldered to the host circuit board 20. The solder pads 188 are used to mechanically and electrically couple the antenna ground 170 to the host circuit board 20.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a top view of the UWB antenna 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 5 This is a bottom view of a UWB antenna 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. A radiating patch 130 and a parasitic element 150 are provided at the upper surface 112 of the substrate 110. An antenna ground 170 and a solder pad 188 are provided at the lower surface 114. A shorting pin 190 extends between the radiating patch 130 and the antenna ground 170, such as through the substrate 110. A feed pin 142 extends between the radiating patch 130 and the feed pad 186, such as through the substrate 110.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a top view of the UWB antenna 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 6 The UWB antenna 100 is shown, which is compared to Figures 3 to 4 The embodiments shown have different arrangements of the parasitic element 150. In the illustrated embodiment, the parasitic element 150 is rectangular. In alternative embodiments, other shapes are possible.

[0053] In the illustrated embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 includes five parasitic elements 150, namely three central parasitic elements 150a, 150b, and 150c and two external parasitic elements 150d and 150e. The external parasitic elements 150d and 150e may be located between the sides 136 and 138 of the radiating patch 130 and the first side 120 and second side 122 of the substrate 110. The external parasitic elements 150d and 150e may substantially fill the space between the sides 136 and 138 of the radiating patch 130 and the first side 120 and second side 122 of the substrate 110. The external parasitic elements 150d and 150e may substantially extend the length of the substrate 110 between the first end 116 and the second end 118. For example, the external parasitic elements 150d and 150e may be located between the central parasitic elements 150a, 150b, and 150c and the first side 120 and second side 122. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second central parasitic elements 150a and 150b are located between the third central parasitic element 150c and the radiating patch 130. For example, the third central parasitic element 150c is located between the first and second central parasitic elements 150a and 150b and the second end 118 of the substrate 110.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a top view of the UWB antenna 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 7 The UWB antenna 100 is shown, which is compared to Figures 3 to 4 The embodiments shown or Figure 6 The embodiments shown have different arrangements of the parasitic elements 150. In the illustrated embodiments, the parasitic elements 150 are non-rectangular. For example, the parasitic elements 150 may be triangular. In the illustrated embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 includes three parasitic elements 150 between the radiating patch 130 and the second end 118 of the substrate 110. In alternative embodiments, other shapes and positions are possible.

[0055] Figure 8 This is a top view of the UWB antenna 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 8 The UWB antenna 100 is shown, which is compared to Figures 3 to 7 The embodiments shown have different arrangements of the parasitic elements 150. In the illustrated embodiment, the parasitic elements 150 are rectangular and arranged side-by-side between the first side 120 and the second side 122 of the substrate 110. In the illustrated embodiment, the UWB antenna 100 includes five parasitic elements 150 between the radiating patch 130 and the second end 118 of the substrate 110. In alternative embodiments, other shapes and positions are possible.

[0056] Figure 9 This is a top view of the UWB antenna 100 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 9 The UWB antenna 100 is shown, which is compared to Figures 3 to 8 The embodiments shown have different arrangements of the parasitic element 150. In the illustrated embodiment, a single parasitic element 150 is provided. The parasitic element 150 is rectangular and is arranged between the radiating patch 130 and the second end 118 of the substrate 110. The parasitic element 150 may be sized similarly to the radiating patch 130. However, in alternative embodiments, the parasitic element 150 may be larger or smaller than the radiating patch 130. Other shapes and positions are possible in alternative embodiments.

[0057] Figure 10 A UWB antenna assembly 10 is shown, illustrating first and second UWB antennas 100, 200 mounted to a host circuit board 20 according to an exemplary embodiment. In the exemplary embodiment, the UWB antennas 100, 200 include a ceramic-based substrate instead of a PCB-based substrate. A radiating patch 130 and... Figure 1 The embodiments shown are customized in size and shape. Parasitic element 150 and Figure 1 The embodiments shown are customized in size and shape. Compared to Figure 1 The embodiments shown in the figure provide a different number of short-circuit pins 190.

[0058] Figure 11 A UWB antenna assembly 10 is shown, illustrating a first UWB antenna 100 and a second UWB antenna 200 mounted to a host circuit board 20 according to an exemplary embodiment. In the exemplary embodiment, the UWB antennas 100, 200 include an LDS-based substrate instead of a PCB-based substrate. A radiating patch 130 and... Figure 1 The embodiments shown are customized in size and shape. Parasitic element 150 and Figure 1 The embodiments shown are customized in size and shape.

[0059] Figures 12 to 25 Provided for according to Figure 1Measurement results of UWB antennas 100 and 200 in the embodiments shown are presented. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 are designed to have a wide beam angle greater than 120°. For example, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have a wide beam angle greater than 120° in the electric field (E-plane) and a wide beam angle greater than 120° in the magnetic field (H-plane). In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 are designed to cover UWB channel 9 frequency band. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 are designed to cover UWB channel 10 frequency band. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 can operate in the frequency range of 7987.2-8985.6 MHz. In alternative embodiments, UWB antennas 100 and 200 may be designed to cover other frequency bands. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have a fidelity factor greater than 0.95. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have a VSWR of less than 3:1. In various embodiments, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have a VSWR of less than 2:1. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have an isolation of greater than 20 dB. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have an impedance of 50 ohms. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have a total efficiency of greater than 70%. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 have a front-to-back ratio of greater than 20 dB. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 may have a height of less than 4 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 may have a 3-dB beamwidth (azimuth angle) between 120° and 160°. In an exemplary embodiment, UWB antennas 100 and 200 may have a 3-dB beamwidth (elevation angle) between 120° and 160°. In exemplary embodiments, UWB antennas 100 and 200 may have a pulse delay of less than 0.20 nanoseconds. In various embodiments, UWB antennas 100 and 200 may have a pulse delay of less than 0.17 nanoseconds.

[0060] Figures 12 to 13 The VSWR results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 in the 9-band UWB channel are shown respectively. Figure 14 The isolation between the UWB antennas 100, 200 associated with the first and second ports of the UWB antenna assembly 10 is shown. Figures 15 to 16 The antenna efficiency results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 in the 9-band UWB channel are shown respectively. Figures 17 to 18 The antenna gain results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 in the 9-band UWB channel are shown respectively. Figures 19 to 20The results show the before-and-after comparisons of UWB antennas 100 and 200 in the 9-band UWB channel. Figures 21 to 22 The results for the 3 dB beamwidth phi 0 (XZ plane azimuth angle) of UWB antennas 100 and 200 in the 9-band UWB channel are shown respectively. Figures 23 to 24 The results for the 3 dB beamwidth phi 90 (YZ plane elevation angle) of UWB antennas 100 and 200 in the 9th band of UWB channel are shown respectively. Figure 25 a to Figure 25 h shows the radiation pattern of the UWB antenna 100 at different frequencies. Figures 12 to 25 The analysis results shown are provided for illustrative purposes and not for limiting purposes. Alternative embodiments of the UWB antenna may be configured differently and have the same characteristics as... Figures 12 to 25 The different operating or performance parameters displayed.

[0061] Figures 26 to 40 Provided for according to Figure 1 The measurement results of the UWB antennas 100 and 200 of the embodiments shown in the figure. Figure 26 The VSWR results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 27 The efficiency results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 28 The achieved gain results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 29 The isolation results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 30 The beamwidth results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 31 The results show the before-and-after comparisons for UWB antennas 100 and 200. Figure 32 The radiation patterns for UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Phi = 0° are shown. Figure 33 The radiation patterns of UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Phi = 90° are shown. Figure 34 The radiation patterns of UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Theta = 90° are shown. Figure 35 The fidelity factor for UWB antennas 100 and 200 in free space is shown. Figure 36 The fidelity factor for UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Phi = 90° (azimuth plane) is shown. Figure 37 The fidelity factor for UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Phi = 0° (elevation plane) is shown. Figure 38 The fidelity factors (Phi=45° and Phi=135°) for UWB antennas 100 and 200 in free space are shown. Figure 39The fidelity factor of the first UWB antenna 100 in free space on UWB channels 9 and 10 is shown. Figure 40 The fidelity factor for the second UWB antenna 200 in free space on UWB channels 9 and 10 is shown. Figures 26 to 40 The analysis results shown are provided for illustrative purposes and not for limiting purposes. Alternative embodiments of the UWB antenna may be configured differently and have the same characteristics as... Figures 26 to 40 The different operating or performance parameters displayed.

[0062] Figures 41 to 49 Provided for according to Figure 10 The measurement results of the UWB antennas 100 and 200 of the embodiments shown in the figure. Figure 41 The VSWR results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 42 The efficiency results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 43 The achieved gain results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 44 The isolation results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 45 The beamwidth results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 46 The results show the before-and-after comparisons for UWB antennas 100 and 200. Figure 47 The radiation patterns for UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Phi = 0° are shown. Figure 48 The radiation patterns of UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Phi = 90° are shown. Figure 49 The radiation patterns of UWB antennas 100 and 200 at @ Theta = 90° are shown.

[0063] Figures 50 to 55 Provided for according to Figure 11 The measurement results of the UWB antennas 100 and 200 of the embodiments shown in the figure. Figure 50 The VSWR results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 51 The efficiency results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 52 The achieved gain results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 53 The isolation results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 54 The beamwidth results for UWB antennas 100 and 200 are shown. Figure 55 The results show the before-and-after comparisons for UWB antennas 100 and 200.

[0064] It is understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above embodiments (and / or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Furthermore, many modifications may be made to adapt particular situations or materials to the teachings of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. The dimensions, material types, orientations of various components, and quantities and positions of various components described herein are intended to define parameters of certain embodiments and are by no means limiting, but merely exemplary embodiments. Many other embodiments and modifications within the spirit and scope of the claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims in conjunction with the full scope of the equivalents conferred by such claims. In the appended claims, the terms “comprising” and “therein” are used as common language equivalents to the corresponding terms “including” and “wherein”. Furthermore, in the appended claims, terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Furthermore, the limitations of the appended claims are not written in the “apparatus plus function” format and are not intended to be interpreted based on 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless and until such claims are limited by the explicit use of the phrase “apparatus for…” followed by a statement of function without further structure.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna, comprising: A substrate having a first surface and a second surface; Radiation patch at the first surface; Parasitic elements adjacent to the radiating patch at the first surface; Antenna grounding element at the second surface; as well as A short-circuit pin between the radiating patch and the antenna grounding element; The UWB antenna has a wide beam angle greater than 120°; and The UWB antenna covers the UWB channel 9 frequency band.

2. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The UWB antenna has a fidelity factor greater than 0.

95.

3. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The UWB antenna has a wide beam angle of more than 120° in the electric field in the E plane, and the UWB antenna has a wide beam angle of more than 120° in the magnetic field in the H plane.

4. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate is a printed circuit board made of low-loss material.

5. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate is a laser direct forming (LDS) substrate, comprising an injection-molded plastic body having LDS additive material embedded therein.

6. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate is a ceramic substrate.

7. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating patch includes an excitation point and a feed pin coupled to the excitation point.

8. The UWB antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The radiating patch includes a first end and a second end, the short-circuit pin is coupled to the radiating patch at the first end, and the feed pin is coupled to the excitation point at the second end.

9. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating patch includes a first end and a second end, the short-circuit pin is coupled to the radiating patch at the first end, and the parasitic element is located at the second end.

10. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating patch is linearly polarized.

11. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The UWB antenna covers 10 frequency bands of the UWB channel.

12. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The parasitic element and the radiating patch are coplanar.

13. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The parasitic element is symmetrical.

14. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The parasitic elements are separated from the radiating patch by gaps, and the parasitic elements are separated from each other by gaps.

15. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiating patch is rectangular, and the parasitic element is rectangular.

16. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The short-circuit pin is a plated through-hole that passes through the substrate.

17. The UWB antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The substrate has a length between a first end and a second end, a width between a first side and a second side, and a height between the first surface and the second surface, and the substrate has an aspect ratio of approximately 2:1 and a width-to-height ratio of approximately 2:

1.

18. The UWB antenna of claim 1, further comprising a solder pad at the antenna grounding element, the solder pad being configured to be soldered to a host circuit board.

19. An ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna assembly, comprising: Main circuit board; A first UWB antenna mounted to the host circuit board includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a first radiating patch at the first surface of the first substrate, a first parasitic element adjacent to the first radiating patch at the first surface of the first substrate, a first antenna ground at the second surface of the first substrate, and a first short-circuit pin between the radiating patch and the antenna ground. The first UWB antenna has a wide beam angle greater than 120°, and the first UWB antenna covers the UWB channel 9 frequency band. The second UWB antenna mounted to the host circuit board includes a second substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a second radiating patch at the first surface of the second substrate, a second parasitic element adjacent to the second radiating patch at the first surface of the second substrate, a second antenna ground at the second surface of the second substrate, and a second short-circuit pin between the radiating patch and the antenna ground, wherein the second UWB antenna has a wide beam angle greater than 120°, and wherein the second UWB antenna covers the UWB channel 9 frequency band.

20. The UWB antenna assembly according to claim 19, wherein, The UWB antenna assembly is a 2x2 MIMO antenna assembly.

21. The UWB antenna assembly of claim 19, further comprising a first coaxial feed port operatively coupled to the first UWB antenna and a second coaxial feed port operatively coupled to the second UWB antenna.

Images