Predictive beam management for cell group settings

Abstract

Systems and techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. For example, a user equipment (UE) may obtain one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first network entity. In some cases, the UE may determine one or more parameters corresponding to the second network entity based on the one or more channel measurements. In some examples, the UE may transmit an uplink signal to the second network entity based on the one or more parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communications. For example, aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems and techniques for implementing predictive beam management for a cell group setup, such as for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication and data services including telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Broadband wireless communication systems have evolved over several generations, including first generation analog wireless telephone service (1G), second generation (2G) digital wireless telephone service (including transitional 2.5G networks), third generation (3G) high-speed data wireless devices with Internet capabilities, and fourth generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), WiMax). Examples of wireless communication systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, global system for mobile communications (GSM) systems, and the like. Other wireless communication technologies include 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and the like.

[0003] The fifth generation (5G) mobile standard requires higher data transfer speeds, a greater number of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance, the 5G standard (also known as "New Radio" or "NR") is designed to provide data rates of tens of megabits per second to each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabit per second to dozens of employees on an office floor. To support large sensor deployments, hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections should be supported. Therefore, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly improved compared to the current 4G / LTE standards. In addition, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency should be significantly reduced compared to current standards. Summary of the invention

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, the following summary of the invention should neither be considered as an exhaustive overview related to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements related to all conceived aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following overview presents certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form before the detailed description presented below.

[0005] Disclosed are systems, methods, devices, and computer-readable media for performing wireless communications. An access link may be established between a user equipment (UE) and one or more base stations (e.g., 3GPP gNodeB (gNB) for 5G / NR, 3GPP eNodeB (eNB) for LTE, or portions thereof) using transmit beams and receive beams aligned with each other. For example, the UE may detect the best beam (e.g., based on signal strength) among multiple transmit beams from a base station. In some cases, the UE may be associated with one or more service cells associated with one or more base stations. In some examples, a UE associated with a first service cell in a primary cell group (MCG) may perform additional beam measurements in order to associate with a second service cell in a secondary cell group (SCG). In some cases, one or more information elements (IEs) may be used to provide dedicated signaling for configuring an additional cell group for the UE. For example, an IE may include a random access channel (RACH) configuration for a secondary service cell of an MCG or SCG for the UE to initially access. In some examples, a UE implementing a RACH procedure for an SCG setup may consume excessive power and / or incur excessive latency due to measuring a large number of beams and / or performing beam management in order to establish an access link with a secondary serving cell.

[0006] As described in more detail herein, systems and techniques are described herein for performing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup. In some aspects, systems and techniques may associate one or more resources or beams (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB) resources or beams, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources or beams, etc.) in a first serving cell with corresponding resources or beams (e.g., SSB resources, CSI-RS resources, etc.) in a second serving cell. In some cases, systems and techniques may provide one or more linking schemes for associating one or more resources or beams in a first serving cell with corresponding resources or beams in a second serving cell.

[0007] In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may perform channel measurements of a beam (e.g., an SSB beam, a CSI-RS beam, etc.) transmitted by a first serving cell. For example, the first serving cell may be associated with a UE in a master cell group (MCG). In some cases, the channel measurements may include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurements.

[0008] In some aspects, the UE may use a linking scheme to associate channel measurements obtained from a first serving cell with one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell. In some cases, the parameters corresponding to the second serving cell may include one or more preferred indexes or resource identifiers (e.g., one or more preferred SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers). In some examples, the parameters corresponding to the second serving cell may include channel parameters (such as AoA, AoD, angular spread, etc.). In some cases, the UE may use a linking scheme to identify one or more beams (e.g., SSB beams or CSI-RS beams) for communicating with a secondary serving cell. For example, the UE may send an uplink signal to the second serving cell based on one or more parameters. In an illustrative example, the uplink signal may include a RACH message. For example, the UE may initiate a RACH process by sending a RACH message (e.g., a random access request message, such as message 1 or message A) to the secondary serving cell using the selected beam.

[0009] In an illustrative example, a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes: obtaining one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first serving cell; determining one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell based on the one or more channel measurements; and sending an uplink signal to the second serving cell based on the one or more parameters.

[0010] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit), the at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to: obtain one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first service cell; determine one or more parameters corresponding to a second service cell based on the one or more channel measurements; and send an uplink signal to the second service cell based on the one or more parameters.

[0011] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium for performing wireless communications is provided, the non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: obtain one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first service cell; determine one or more parameters corresponding to a second service cell based on the one or more channel measurements; and send an uplink signal to the second service cell based on the one or more parameters.

[0012] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided. The apparatus includes: a component for obtaining one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first serving cell; a component for determining one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell based on the one or more channel measurements; and a component for sending an uplink signal to the second serving cell based on the one or more parameters.

[0013] In another example, a method for wireless communication performed at a network entity is provided. The method includes: receiving one or more channel characteristics corresponding to one or more beams associated with a serving cell from a user equipment (UE); determining one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the serving cell based on the one or more channel characteristics; and sending the one or more parameters to the UE.

[0014] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor (e.g., implemented in a circuit), the at least one processor being configured to execute the instructions and causing the apparatus to: receive one or more channel characteristics corresponding to one or more beams associated with a serving cell from a user equipment (UE); determine one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the serving cell based on the one or more channel characteristics; and send the one or more parameters to the UE.

[0015] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium for performing wireless communications is provided, the non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: receive one or more channel characteristics corresponding to one or more beams associated with a serving cell from a user equipment (UE); determine one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the serving cell based on the one or more channel characteristics; and send the one or more parameters to the UE.

[0016] In another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided. The apparatus includes: a component for receiving one or more channel characteristics corresponding to one or more beams associated with a serving cell from a user equipment (UE); a component for determining one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the serving cell based on the one or more channel characteristics; and a component for sending the one or more parameters to the UE.

[0017] In some aspects, the apparatus is a base station (e.g., a 3GPP gNodeB (gNB) for 5G / NR, a 3GPP PeNodeB (eNB) for LTE, a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, a Wi-Fi access point (AP), or other base station) or a portion thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus includes a transceiver configured to send and / or receive radio frequency (RF) signals. In some aspects, the processor includes a neural processing unit (NPU), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or other processing device or component.

[0018] Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of aspects of the disclosure and are provided for illustration of the aspects rather than limitation thereof.

[0020] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network according to some examples;

[0021] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a design of a base station and a user equipment (UE) device according to some examples, which enables sending and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station;

[0022] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station according to some examples;

[0023] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating components of user equipment according to some examples;

[0024] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example machine learning model according to some examples;

[0025] Figure 6 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for training a machine learning algorithm according to some examples;

[0026] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating another example of a wireless communication network according to some examples;

[0027] Figure 8 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example for performing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup according to some examples;

[0028] Fig. 9is another sequence diagram illustrating an example for performing predictive beam management for an SCG setup according to some examples;

[0029] Fig.10 is another sequence diagram illustrating an example for performing predictive beam management for an SCG setup according to some examples;

[0030] Fig.11 is another sequence diagram illustrating an example for performing predictive beam management for an SCG setup according to some examples;

[0031] Fig.12 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for performing predictive beam management SCG setup according to some examples;

[0032] Fig.13 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for performing predictive beam management SCG setup according to some examples; and

[0033] Fig.14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system according to some examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] For illustrative purposes, some aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure are provided below. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, alternative aspects can be designed. Additionally, well-known elements of the present disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted, so as not to make the relevant details of the present disclosure difficult to understand. Some aspects and embodiments of the aspects and embodiments described herein can be applied independently, and some of them can be applied in combination, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. In the following description, specific details are set forth for explanation purposes in order to provide a thorough understanding of each embodiment of the application. However, it will be apparent that each embodiment can be put into practice without these specific details. Each drawing and description are not intended to be restrictive.

[0035] The following description provides example embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure. Instead, the subsequent description of the exemplary embodiments will provide an enabling description for implementing the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that various changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements without departing from the scope of the present application as set forth in the appended claims.

[0036] Wireless communication networks are deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. Wireless communication networks may support both access links and side links for communication between wireless devices. An access link may refer to any communication link between a client device (e.g., user equipment (UE), station (STA), or other client device) and a base station (e.g., 3GPP gNodeB (gNB) for 5G / NR, 3GPP eNodeB (eNB) for LTE, Wi-Fi access point (AP), or other base station) or a decomposed base station (e.g., a central unit, a distributed unit, and / or a radio unit). In one example, the access link between the UE and the 3GPP gNB may be through the Uu interface. In some cases, the access link may support uplink signaling, downlink signaling, connection procedures, etc.

[0037] In some aspects, an access link between a UE and a gNB may be established using transmit and receive beams that are aligned with each other. For example, the gNB may transmit a sequence of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams in different directions, and the UE may detect the best beam (e.g., based on signal strength) among the transmitted beams. In some cases, the UE may send a physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission to the gNB based on a location mapped to an SSB beam identifier or a CSI-RS beam resource identifier.

[0038] In some examples, a UE associated with a first serving cell in a primary cell group (MCG) may perform additional beam measurements in order to associate with a second serving cell in a secondary cell group (SCG). For example, an information element (IE) such as ServingCellConfigCommon may be used to provide dedicated signaling for configuring an additional cell group for the UE. In some aspects, the IE may include a random access channel (RACH) configuration for the UE to initially access the secondary serving cell. In some cases, the UE measures the SSB beam associated with the secondary serving cell and performs a RACH procedure using contention-based random access (CBRA) (e.g., based on RACH-ConfigCommon) or using contention-free random access (CFRA) (e.g., based on RACH-ConfigDedicated).

[0039] In some cases, a UE implementing a RACH procedure for an SCG setup may consume excessive power and / or incur excessive latency due to measuring a large number of beams (e.g., SSB beams) and / or performing beam management (e.g., beam selection (P1); TX beam refinement (P2); and RX beam refinement (P3)) in order to establish an access link with a secondary serving cell.

[0040] Systems, apparatus, processes (also referred to as methods), and computer-readable media (collectively, "systems and techniques") for performing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup are described herein. In some aspects, the systems and techniques may associate synchronization signal block (SSB) resources and / or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources in a first serving cell with SSB and / or CSI-RS resources in a second serving cell (e.g., using one or more linking schemes).

[0041] In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may perform channel measurements of an SSB beam and / or a CSI-RS beam transmitted by a first serving cell (e.g., a serving cell associated with the UE in a primary cell group). In some cases, the channel measurements may include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurements.

[0042] In some examples, the UE may use a linking scheme to associate channel measurements obtained from a first serving cell with one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell. In some cases, the linking scheme may be explicitly configured on the UE (e.g., a table or function that maps measurements from the first serving cell to parameters corresponding to the second serving cell). In some examples, one or more machine learning algorithms may be used to implement the linking scheme. For example, a machine learning model may receive an input including one or more channel measurements from a first serving cell and provide an output including one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell. In some cases, the parameters corresponding to the second serving cell may include one or more preferred SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers. In some examples, the parameters corresponding to the second serving cell may include channel parameters (such as AoA, AoD, angular spread, etc.).

[0043] In some cases, the UE may use a linking scheme to identify one or more SSB beams or CSI-RS beams for communicating with the secondary serving cell. For example, the UE may send an uplink signal to the secondary serving cell based on one or more parameters. In an illustrative example, the uplink signal may include a RACH message. For example, the UE may initiate a RACH process by sending a RACH message (e.g., a random access request message, such as Message 1 or Message A) to the secondary serving cell using the selected beam.

[0044] In some aspects, the UE may send a feedback message to the first serving cell. In some examples, the feedback message may include one or more of the channel measurements obtained by the UE from the first serving cell. In some cases, the feedback message may include one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell. In some examples, the primary serving cell may also be configured to implement one or more linking schemes. For example, the primary serving cell may use data received in the feedback message to determine one or more parameters associated with the secondary serving cell. In some cases, the first serving cell may identify multiple beams (e.g., multiple SSB indexes and / or multiple CSI-RS resource identifiers) for the UE to communicate with the second serving cell. In some examples, the first serving cell may identify a single preferred beam (e.g., a preferred SSB index and / or a preferred CSI-RS resource identifier) ​​for the UE to communicate with the second serving cell.

[0045] In some cases, the first serving cell may send an indication to the UE identifying multiple beams and / or a preferred beam. In some examples, the UE may perform additional channel measurements on multiple beams from the second serving cell to identify the preferred beam. In some cases, the UE may use the preferred beam (e.g., identified by measurement or via an indication from the first serving cell) to communicate with the second serving cell. In some examples, the UE may bypass the RACH procedure and use a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission to communicate with the second serving cell.

[0046] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "network entity" are not intended to be dedicated to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and / or a tracking device, etc.), a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses, a wearable ring, and / or an extended reality (XR) device (such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset)), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), and / or an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., for a user to communicate on a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can be stationary (e.g., at certain times) and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be interchangeably referred to as an "access terminal" or "AT," a "client device," a "wireless device," a "subscriber device," a "subscriber terminal," a "subscriber station," a "user terminal" or "UT," a "mobile device," a "mobile terminal," a "mobile station," or variations thereof. In general, a UE may communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE may connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc.), and the like.

[0047] The network entity may be implemented in a converged or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., with a converged / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may operate according to one of several RATs communicating with a UE (depending on the network in which it is deployed), and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a Node B (NB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a new radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNode B), etc. A base station may be primarily used to support wireless access for UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functionality, while in other systems, a base station may provide additional control and / or network management functionality. The communication link by which a UE can transmit signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). The communication link by which a base station can transmit signals to a UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink, a reverse or downlink, and / or a forward traffic channel.

[0048] The term "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., having a clustered / monolithic base station architecture or a decomposed base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, these physical TRPs may be antenna arrays of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be a serving base station that receives measurement reports from a UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal (or "reference signal" for short) the UE is measuring. Because, as used herein, a TRP is the point through which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to the specific TRP of a base station.

[0049] In some specific implementations of supporting UE positioning, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access by the UE (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections with respect to the UE), but may instead send a reference signal to be measured by the UE to the UE, and / or may receive and measure a signal sent by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of sending a signal to the UE) and / or as a position measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring a signal from the UE).

[0050] RF signals include electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, in the case where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal, an RF signal may also be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply a "signal". In some aspects, an apparatus (e.g., a network entity, a base station, a UE, a wireless device, etc.) that implements the systems and techniques described herein may receive (e.g., acquire, collect, obtain, collect, etc.) information or data in addition to or in lieu of receiving RF signals. In some cases, an apparatus (e.g., a network entity, a base station, a UE, a wireless device, etc.) that implements the systems and techniques described herein may send (e.g., output, transfer, transmit, convey, convey, etc.) information or data in addition to or in lieu of sending RF signals.

[0051] Various aspects of the systems and techniques described herein are discussed below with respect to the accompanying drawings. According to various aspects, Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100, which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN), may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base stations 102 may also be referred to as "network entities" or "network nodes". One or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in a decomposed base station architecture and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. The base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations). On the one hand, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a long term evolution (LTE) network), or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include a femto cell, a pico cell, a micro cell, etc.

[0052] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through a backhaul link 122, and interface to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of the core network 170 or may be external to the core network 170) through the core network 170. Among other functions, the base stations 102 may perform functions related to one or more of the following: transmission of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC or 5GC) through a backhaul link 134 (which may be wired and / or wireless).

[0053] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each of base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each coverage area 110 can support one or more cells. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a certain frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.), and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) or other protocol types) that can provide access to different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting it, depending on the context. In addition, because a TRP is typically a physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area (eg, a sector) of a base station, as long as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communications within some portion of the geographic coverage area 110 .

[0054] Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of neighboring macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover area), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with the larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0055] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmissions from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be over one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0056] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a WLAN AP 150 in communication with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 gigahertz (GHz)). When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure before communicating to determine whether the channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a device (e.g., UE, etc.) that communicates with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc. using an ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum may range from 3.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz.

[0057] The small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base station 102' can adopt LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102' using LTE and / or 5G in the unlicensed spectrum can boost the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) or MulteFire.

[0058] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180, which may operate at mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, DU, RU, near RT RIC, or non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. The radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz, with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW and / or near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. In addition, it should be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near-mmW and beamforming. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0059] In some aspects related to 5G, the spectrum in which a wireless network node or entity (e.g., base station 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operates is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 megahertz (MHz) to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as a "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by the UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common control channels as well as UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), which can be configured and can be used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, since the primary uplink carrier and the primary downlink carrier are typically UE-specific, those signaling information and signals specific to the UE may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. This also holds true for the uplink primary carrier. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency or component carrier that some base stations are using for communication, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0060] For example, still referring to Figure 1, one of the frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCells"). In carrier aggregation, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz) bandwidth per carrier, with up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) in each direction for transmission. The component carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other in the spectrum. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink). The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained with a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0061] In order to operate on multiple carrier frequencies, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may be equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, the UE 104 may have two receivers, namely "receiver 1" and "receiver 2", where "receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band (i.e., carrier frequency) "X" or band "Y", and "receiver 2" is a single-band receiver that can be tuned to only band "Z". In this example, if the UE 104 is being served in band "X", the band "X" will be referred to as the PCell or active carrier frequency, and "receiver 1" will need to tune from band "X" to band "Y" (SCell) to measure band "Y" (and vice versa). In contrast, regardless of whether the UE 104 is being served in band "X" or band "Y", due to the separate "receiver 2", the UE 104 can measure band "Z" without interrupting the service on band "X" or band "Y".

[0062] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164, which may communicate with the macrocell base station 102 over the communication link 120 and / or communicate with the mmW base station 180 over the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0063] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “side links”). Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through the D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through the D2D P2P link). In an example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), etc.) to support.

[0064] Figure 2 A block diagram of a design of a base station 102 and a UE 104 is shown that enables sending and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Design 200 includes components of the base station 102 and the UE 104, which may be Figure 1 1. A base station in base station 102 and a UE in UE 104. Base station 102 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and UE 104 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.

[0065] At the base station 102, the transmit processor 220 may receive data for one or more UEs from the data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on a channel quality indicator (CQI) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. The transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) and secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols (if applicable), and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. The modulators 232a to 232t are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMODs). In some cases, the modulator and demodulator may be separate components. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals may be sent from the modulators 232a to 232t via T antennas 234a to 234t, respectively. According to certain aspects described in greater detail below, position encoding may be utilized to generate a synchronization signal to convey additional information.

[0066] At UE 104, antennas 252a to 252r may receive downlink signals from base station 102 and / or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMOD) 254a to 254r, respectively. Demodulators 254a to 254r are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMOD). In some cases, the modulator and demodulator may be separate components. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r may adjust (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert and digitize) received signals to obtain input samples. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r may further process input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection (if applicable) on received symbols, and provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a channel quality indicator (CQI), etc.

[0067] On the uplink, at the UE 104, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.) from a controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals (e.g., based at least in part on a beta value or set of beta values ​​associated with the one or more reference signals). The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX-MIMO processor 266 (if applicable), further processed by the modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 102. At the base station 102, uplink signals from the UE 104 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234a to 234t, processed by demodulators 232a to 232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 104. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller (processor) 240. The base station 102 may include a communication unit 244 and communicate with the network controller 231 via the communication unit 244. The network controller 231 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292.

[0068] In some aspects, one or more components of the UE 104 may be included in a housing. The controller 240 of the base station 102, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 104, and / or Figure 2 Any other component of may perform one or more techniques associated with implicit UCI β value determination for NR.

[0069] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for base station 102 and UE 104, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink, uplink, and / or sidelink.

[0070] In some aspects, the deployment of a communication system such as a 5G New Radio (NR) system can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality) can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0071] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0072] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configurations such as those initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0073] Figure 3 A diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station 300 architecture is shown. The decomposed base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310 that may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. The CU 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 340 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0074] Each of the units (e.g., CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) that is configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units on a wireless transmission medium.

[0075] In some aspects, CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 310. CU310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0076] DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340. In some aspects, DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as that defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 330 or with control functions hosted by CU 310.

[0077] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, a RU 340 controlled by a DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 340 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 330 and the CU 310 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0078] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305 .

[0079] The non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0080] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0081] Figure 4 An example of a computing system 470 of a wireless device 407 is illustrated. The wireless device 407 may include a client device such as a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 152, UE 190) or other type of device that can be used by an end user (e.g., a station (STA) configured to communicate using a Wi-Fi interface). For example, the wireless device 407 may include a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a tracking device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an extended reality (XR) device (such as a virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) or mixed reality (MR) device), etc.), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an access point, and / or another device configured to communicate via a wireless communication network. The computing system 470 includes software and hardware components that can be electrically coupled or communicatively coupled via a bus 489 (or can communicate in other ways, as the case may be). For example, the computing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. The one or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing devices or systems. A bus 489 may be used by the one or more processors 484 to communicate between cores and / or with one or more memory devices 486.

[0082] The computing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more antennas 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch-sensitive screen, a touchpad, a keypad, a microphone, and / or the like), and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, and / or the like).

[0083] In some aspects, computing system 470 may include one or more RF interfaces configured to send and / or receive radio frequency (RF) signals. In some examples, the RF interface may include components such as modem 476, wireless transceiver 478, and / or antenna 487. One or more wireless transceivers 478 may send and receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) from one or more other devices via antenna 487, such as other wireless devices, network devices (e.g., base stations such as eNBs and / or gNBs, WiFi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders, or the like), cloud networks, and / or the like. In some examples, computing system 470 may include multiple antennas or antenna arrays that may facilitate simultaneous transmission and reception functionality. Antenna 487 may be an omnidirectional antenna so that radio frequency (RF) signals may be received and transmitted in all directions. Wireless signal 488 may be sent via a wireless network. The wireless network may be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), a wireless local area network (e.g., a WiFi network), a Bluetooth TM network and / or other networks.

[0084] In some examples, wireless signals 488 may be transmitted directly to other wireless devices using sidelink communications (e.g., using a PC5 interface, using a DSRC interface, etc.). Wireless transceiver 478 may be configured to transmit RF signals via antenna 487 according to one or more transmit power parameters that may be associated with one or more regulatory modes for performing sidelink communications. Wireless transceiver 478 may also be configured to receive sidelink communication signals having different signal parameters from other wireless devices.

[0085] In some examples, one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end that includes one or more components such as an amplifier, a mixer for down-converting a signal (also known as a signal multiplier), a frequency synthesizer (also known as an oscillator) that provides a signal to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), one or more power amplifiers, and other components. The RF front end generally handles the selection of wireless signals 488 and the conversion of the wireless signals to baseband or intermediate frequencies, and may convert RF signals to the digital domain.

[0086] In some cases, computing system 470 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, computing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt (e.g., in accordance with the AES and / or DES standards) data transmitted and / or received by one or more wireless transceivers 478.

[0087] One or more SIMs 474 may each securely store an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and associated keys assigned to a user of the wireless device 407. The IMSI and keys may be used to identify and authenticate a subscriber when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with one or more SIMs 474. One or more modems 476 may modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using one or more wireless transceivers 478. One or more modems 476 may also demodulate signals received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 in order to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, one or more modems 476 may include a Wi-Fi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and / or other types of modems. One or more modems 476 and one or more wireless transceivers 478 may be used to communicate data of one or more SIMs 474.

[0088] The computing system 470 may also include (and / or communicate with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486), which may include, but are not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices (such as RAM and / or ROM), which may be programmable, flash-updatable, and / or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including, but not limited to, various file systems, database structures, etc.

[0089] In various embodiments, the functionality may be stored as one or more computer program products (e.g., instructions or code) in the memory device 486 and executed by the one or more processors 484 and / or the one or more DSPs 482. The computing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 486) including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more applications, which may include computer programs that implement the functionality provided by various embodiments, and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems, as described herein.

[0090] Figure 5An example neural architecture of a neural network 500 that can be trained to perform predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The example neural architecture of the neural network 500 can be defined by an example neural network description 502 in a neural controller 501. The neural network 500 is an example of a machine learning model that can be deployed and implemented at a base station 102, a central unit (CU) 310, a distributed unit (DU) 330, a radio unit (RU) 340, and / or a UE 104. The neural network 500 can be a feed-forward neural network or any other known or to-be-developed neural network or machine learning model.

[0091] Neural network description 502 may include a complete specification of neural network 500, including Figure 5 . For example, neural network description 502 may include: a description or specification of the architecture of neural network 500 (e.g., layers, layer interconnects, number of nodes in each layer, etc.); input and output descriptions indicating how inputs and outputs are formed or processed; indications of activation functions in the neural network, operations or filters in the neural network, etc.; neural network parameters such as weights, biases, etc.; and the like.

[0092] Neural network 500 may reflect the neural architecture defined in neural network description 502. Neural network 500 may include any suitable neural or deep learning type of network. In some cases, neural network 500 may include a feedforward neural network. In other cases, neural network 500 may include a recursive neural network, which may have a loop that allows information to be carried across nodes when reading input. Neural network 500 may include any other suitable neural network or machine learning model. An example includes a convolutional neural network (CNN), which includes an input layer and an output layer, with multiple hidden layers between the input layer and the output layer. The hidden layers of the CNN include a series of hidden layers as described below, such as convolutional layers, nonlinear layers, pooling layers (for downsampling), and fully connected layers. In other examples, neural network 500 may represent any other neural network or deep learning network, such as an autoencoder, a deep belief network (DBN), a recursive neural network (RNN), etc.

[0093] exist Figure 5In a non-limiting example, the neural network 500 includes an input layer 503 that can receive one or more sets of input data. The input data can be any type of data, such as one or more channel measurements associated with a signal or a transmit beam received from a first network entity (e.g., corresponding to a first serving cell). For example, the input data can include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurement or channel characteristic.

[0094] The neural network 500 may include hidden layers 504A to 504N (hereinafter collectively referred to as "504"). The hidden layers 504 may include n hidden layers, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The n hidden layers may include any number of layers required for the desired processing results and / or presentation intent. In an illustrative example, any of the hidden layers 504 may include data representing one or more of the data provided at the input layer 503 (such as one or more parameters associated with a communication channel or a transmit beam).

[0095] The neural network 500 also includes an output layer 506 that provides an output resulting from the processing performed by the hidden layer 504. The output layer 506 may provide output data based on the input data. In one example, in the context of performing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setting, the output may include one or more parameters associated with a channel or beam corresponding to a different network entity (e.g., corresponding to a secondary serving cell). For example, the output may include an angle of arrival (AoA), an angle of departure (AoD), a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel parameter associated with a different network entity (e.g., a secondary serving cell).

[0096] exist Figure 5In the example of , the neural network 500 is a multi-layer neural network of interconnected nodes. Each node can represent a piece of information. The information associated with these nodes is shared between different layers, and each layer retains the information when processing the information. Information can be exchanged between the nodes through node-to-node interconnects between the layers. The nodes of the input layer 503 can activate a set of nodes in the first hidden layer 504A. For example, as shown in the figure, each input node of the input layer 503 is connected to each node of the first hidden layer 504A. The nodes of the hidden layer 504A can transform the information by applying an activation function to the information of each input node. Then, the information derived from the transformation can be passed to the nodes of the next hidden layer (e.g., 504B) and these nodes can be activated, and these nodes can perform their own specified functions. Example functions include convolution, upsampling, data transformation, pooling and / or any other suitable function. Then, the output of the hidden layer (e.g., 504B) can activate the nodes of the next hidden layer (e.g., 504N), and so on. The output of the last hidden layer can activate one or more nodes of the output layer 506, providing an output at this point. In some cases, although a node in neural network 500 (e.g., nodes 508A, 508B, 508C) is shown as having multiple output lines, the node has a single output and all lines shown as outputting from the node represent the same output value.

[0097] In some cases, each node or interconnections between nodes may have a weight that is a set of parameters derived from training neural network 500. For example, an interconnection between nodes may represent a piece of information learned about the interconnected nodes. The interconnections may have numerical weights that may be tuned (e.g., based on a training data set), thereby allowing neural network 500 to adapt to inputs and learn as more data is processed.

[0098] The neural network 500 may be pre-trained to process features of the data from the input layer 503 using different hidden layers 504 in order to provide an output through the output layer 506. For example, in some cases, the neural network 500 may use a training process known as back propagation to adjust the weights of the nodes. Back propagation may include a forward pass, a loss function, a backward pass, and a weight update. The forward pass, loss function, backward pass, and parameter update may be performed for one training iteration. The process may be repeated for each training data set for a certain number of iterations until the weights of the layers are accurately tuned (e.g., to meet a configurable threshold determined based on experiments and / or empirical studies).

[0099] Once trained, the neural network 500 may receive as input one or more channel measurements associated with a communication channel between the UE 104 and a network entity (e.g., base station 102, RU 340, etc.) Such measurements may include, but are not limited to, measurements associated with a channel or transmit beam transmitted by the network entity (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, PDP, AoA, AoD, angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, etc.).

[0100] Once trained, the neural network 500 may provide a link between a channel or beam associated with a first network entity and a channel or beam associated with a second network entity. For example, the trained neural network 500 may determine one or more parameters associated with the second network entity based on measurements corresponding to the first network entity. In some cases, the output of the trained neural network 500 may include an angle of arrival (AoA), an angle of departure (AoD), a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, and / or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier. In some aspects, the UE may use the output of the trained neural network 500 to perform a secondary cell group (SCG) setup.

[0101] As will be described below, the trained neural network 500 may be deployed at the UE 104, at a network entity (e.g., base station 102, RU 340, DU 330, CU 310, etc.), or at both the UE 104 and the network entity. In one example, when the machine learning model is deployed at the base station 102, the base station 102 may receive one or more input parameters (e.g., measurements, channel state information, etc.) from the UE 104 and determine parameters associated with the secondary network entity as outputs of the trained neural network.

[0102] Figure 6 is a flow chart of a process 600 of training a machine learning algorithm (such as neural network 500) for determining channel measurements associated with a secondary network entity based on channel measurements associated with a first network entity in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 5 To describe Figure 6 The neural network 500 may be implemented at the base station 102, the central unit (CU) 310, the distributed unit (DU) 330, the radio unit (RU) 340, and / or the UE 104.

[0103] At operation 610, the neural controller 501 receives (e.g., from the base station 102) a description of the structure of the neural network 500, including, but not limited to, the architecture of the neural network 500 and definitions of layers, layer interconnections, input and output descriptions, activation functions, operations, filters, parameters such as weights, coefficients, biases, etc. In some examples, the description may be received from the device based on user input received by the device (e.g., input via an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, touch screen interface, and / or other type of input device). In some examples, operation 610 is optional and may not be performed. For example, the neural network 500 may be UE-specific (e.g., executed by the UE), and thus the description and specific configuration of the neural network 500 may be provided by the UE 104. At operation 620, the neural network 500 is generated based on the description received at operation 610. Using the description, the neural controller 501 generates appropriate input layers, intermediate layers, and output layers with defined interconnections between the layers and / or any weights or other parameters / coefficients assigned to them. These weights and / or other parameters / coefficients may be set to initialization values ​​that will be modified during training, as described below. In some examples, operation 620 is optional and may not be performed (eg, when neural network 500 is UE-specific).

[0104] At operation 630, once the neural network 500 is defined, a training data set is provided to the input layer 503 of the neural network 500. In some examples, there may not be an explicit dedicated training data set for the purpose of training the neural network 500, or the training data set may not necessarily be a predetermined data set. In some examples, real-time data may be used for real-time training of the neural network 500, for example, using an online learning approach. In some aspects, the training data set may include a portion of the training data (e.g., distributed training). In some cases where distributed training is implemented, the training data may be independent and identically distributed (IID). In some cases where federated training and / or hierarchical federated training is implemented, the training data may be private or local to the UE. In some examples, the data between UEs may be non-IID.

[0105] At operation 640, the neural network 500 is trained using the training data set, a portion of the training data set, or a localized private data set on a client device (e.g., a UE). As noted above, the training of the neural network may be performed using centralized learning, distributed learning, federated learning, hierarchical federated learning, and / or any other suitable learning technique. In one example, the training of the neural network 500 is an iterative process that is repeated multiple times. In some cases, each iteration of the training may include validation using a test data set. The test data set may include: a set of one or more parameters similar to the parameters used as part of the training data set and associated output preference levels for one or more resources. During each iteration, the output at the output layer 506 may be compared to the expected output in the test data set, and the difference between the output at the output layer 506 at that iteration and the expected output defined in the test data set may be determined. The weights and other parameters or coefficients of the various layers may be adjusted based on the difference. The iterative process may continue until the difference for any given set of input parameters is less than a threshold (e.g., optimizing or minimizing a loss function). The threshold may be a configurable parameter determined based on experiments and / or empirical studies.

[0106] At operation 650 and once the neural network 500 is trained, the trained neural network 500 may be deployed at a base station 102, a central unit (CU) 310, a distributed unit (DU) 330, a radio unit (RU) 340, a UE 104, and / or any other device. As will be described below, the trained neural network may then be used to determine links or relationships between network entities. For example, the trained neural network may be used to determine a link between a first number of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifiers associated with a first network entity (e.g., a first serving cell in a primary cell group) and a second number of SSBs or CSI-RS resource identifiers associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second serving cell in a secondary cell group). As measurements change, a receiving device (e.g., a base station 102, a UE 104, or any other network entity on which the trained neural network 500 is deployed) may retrain the neural network 500 to determine updated links between network entities.

[0107] At operation 660, a trigger condition may be detected for retraining neural network 500. In some cases, the command may be received after deployment of trained neural network 500. At operation 670, neural network 500 is retrained using the parameters or data received as part of the command at operation 660.

[0108] Retraining neural network 500 may include adjusting weights, coefficients, biases, and / or parameters at different nodes of different layers of neural network 500. Operations 660 and 670 (retraining of neural network 500) may be repeated continuously, resulting in improved accuracy of neural network 500 over time. In some aspects, retraining of neural network 500 may be implemented using centralized learning, distributed learning, federated learning, hierarchical federated learning, and / or any other suitable learning technique.

[0109] As described above, systems and techniques for performing predictive beam management for secondary cell group (SCG) settings are described herein. In some cases, the systems and techniques may be implemented by a user equipment (UE). For example, the systems and techniques may be implemented by UE104. In some aspects, the systems and techniques may be implemented by one or more network entities. For example, the systems and techniques may be implemented by a base station 102, a centralized unit (CU) 310, a distributed unit (DU) 330, a radio unit (RU) 340, and / or a core network 320. The systems and techniques may determine a link or association between a channel measurement associated with a first network entity and a parameter associated with a second network entity. For example, the systems and techniques may use a channel measurement associated with a first network entity to determine a first number of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) resource identifiers associated with a first network entity (e.g., a first serving cell in a primary cell group) and a second number of SSBs or CSI-RS resource identifiers associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second serving cell in a secondary cell group).

[0110] Figure 7 An example of a wireless communication system 700 for implementing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setting is illustrated. In some aspects, the system 700 may include a user equipment (UE) 702. As noted above, a UE may include and / or be referred to as an access terminal, a user device, a user terminal, a client device, a wireless device, a subscriber device, a subscriber terminal, a subscriber station, a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, or a variation thereof. In some aspects, a UE may include a mobile phone or so-called "smart phone", a tablet computer, a wearable device, an extended reality device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device), a personal computer, a laptop computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a television, a vehicle (or a computing device of a vehicle), or any other device with a radio frequency (RF) interface.

[0111] In some examples, system 700 may include one or more network entities, such as network entity 704, network entity 706, network entity 708, and network entity 710. In some aspects, network entity 704 and network entity 706 may be part of a master cell group (MCG) 720. For example, network entity 704 may correspond to a primary serving cell (PCell) in MCG 720, and network entity 706 may correspond to a secondary serving cell (SCell) in MCG 720. In some cases, network entity 708 and network entity 710 may be part of a secondary cell group (SCG) 722. For example, network entity 708 may correspond to a primary secondary serving cell (PSCell) in SCG 722, and network entity 710 may correspond to a SCell in SCG 722.

[0112] In some aspects, one or more of the network entities may transmit one or more radio frequency (RF) signals. In some cases, the RF signals may be transmitted in one or more directions using a transmit beam. For example, the network entity 704 may transmit beam 712a, beam 712b, and beam 712c (collectively referred to as "beam 712"). In some aspects, beam 712 may be transmitted using a frequency range (FR) such as FR1 (e.g., from 450 MHz to 6000 MHz). In another example, the network entity 706 may transmit beam 714a, beam 714b, and beam 714c (collectively referred to as "beam 714"). In some cases, beam 714 may be transmitted using FR3 (e.g., above 52600 MHz).

[0113] In some examples, network entity 708 may transmit beam 716a, beam 716b, beam 716c, beam 716d, and beam 716e (collectively, "beam 716"). In some cases, beam 716 may be transmitted using the same or different FR as beam 712 and / or beam 714. For example, beam 716 may be transmitted using FR2 (e.g., from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz). In some cases, network entity 710 may transmit beam 718a, beam 718b, beam 718c, beam 718d, and beam 718e (collectively, "beam 718"). In some configurations, beam 718 may also be transmitted using FR2.

[0114] In some cases, UE 702 may perform channel measurements on one or more beams transmitted by a network entity. For example, UE 702 may perform channel measurements on beam 712, beam 714, beam 716, and / or beam 718. In some examples, the channel measurements may include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurement or channel characteristics.

[0115] In some examples, UE 702 may use channel measurements associated with a first network entity to determine one or more parameters associated with a second network entity. For example, UE 702 may obtain channel measurements associated with beam 712 to identify one or more parameters associated with beam 716. In some cases, UE 702 may be configured with a link that can be used to associate measurements obtained from the first network entity with parameters associated with the second network entity. In some aspects, the link may be explicitly configured in UE 702 (e.g., received from a network entity). In some examples, the link may be determined by UE 702 using a machine learning model (e.g., neural network 500). In some aspects, UE 702 may be configured to use one or more machine learning models through a network entity.

[0116] For example, UE 702 may obtain channel measurements corresponding to beam 712 transmitted using a first frequency range (e.g., FR1). In some cases, UE 702 may use linking to associate channel measurements corresponding to beam 712 with one or more parameters corresponding to beam 716. In some aspects, the one or more parameters corresponding to beam 716 may include one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) indexes corresponding to beam 716. In some instances, the one or more parameters corresponding to beam 716 may include a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier corresponding to beam 716. In some examples, the one or more parameters corresponding to beam 716 may include an angle of arrival (AoA), an angle of departure (AoD), a power delay profile (PDP), an angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, and / or any other parameters.

[0117] In some cases, beam 716 may be transmitted using a different FR (e.g., FR2) than beam 712. In some examples, UE 702 may use parameters corresponding to beam 716 (e.g., parameters determined based on a link to beam 712) to identify one or more preferred beams (e.g., beam 716a, beam 716b, beam 716c, beam 716d, and / or beam 716e) for communicating with network entity 708. In some aspects, UE 702 may obtain further measurements associated with one or more preferred beams to identify a single preferred beam for communicating with network entity 708. In some examples, UE 702 may initiate a random access channel (RACH) procedure with network entity 708 (e.g., for establishing communication with SCG 722) using a single preferred beam. For example, UE 702 may send a random access request message (e.g., message 1 or message A) using a single preferred beam.

[0118] In some aspects, UE 702 may send one or more measurements associated with beam 712 to network entity 704. For example, UE 702 may send a feedback message including measurements such as RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, PDP, and / or explicit channel measurements such as angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, etc. In some examples, network entity 704 may be configured to use a link that may map measurements associated with beam 712 to parameters associated with beam 716. For example, network entity 704 may process one or more measurements associated with beam 712 using a machine learning model to determine one or more SSB indexes, CSI-RS resource identifiers, and / or explicit channel parameters (e.g., AoA, AoD, etc.) associated with beam 716.

[0119] In some examples, UE 702 may send one or more parameters associated with network entity 704 to network entity 708. For example, UE 702 may send one or more parameters corresponding to beam 716 (e.g., AoA, AoD, angular spread, etc.), which are determined based on channel measurements of beam 712. In some aspects, network entity 704 may use the one or more parameters to identify one or more SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers corresponding to network entity 708. In some cases, network entity 704 may communicate with network entity 708 to identify the SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier.

[0120] In some cases, the network entity 704 may send an indication to the UE 702 that may identify one or more preferred beams (e.g., beam 716a, beam 716b, beam 716c, beam 716d, and / or beam 716e) that the UE 702 may use to communicate with the network entity 708. For example, the indication may include one or more SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers associated with the network entity 708. In some examples, the UE 702 may obtain measurements associated with the one or more preferred beams to identify a single preferred beam for communicating with the network entity 708. In some examples, the UE 702 may initiate a random access channel (RACH) procedure with the network entity 708 using the single preferred beam (e.g., for establishing communication with the SCG 722).

[0121] In some aspects, an indication from the network entity 704 to the UE 702 may identify a single preferred beam for the UE 702 to communicate with the network entity 708. In some examples, the indication may correspond to a transmission configuration indicator (TCI). For example, the TCI may be associated with a single SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier that may be defined as a virtual default downlink and / or uplink TCI state in the network entity 708 (e.g., PSCell). In some cases, the SSB index or CSI-RS resource identifier indicated in the TCI may be used by the UE 702 to communicate with a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) of the network entity 708. In some aspects, the UE 702 may use a single preferred beam to communicate with the network entity 708 using PUSCH transmissions (e.g., the UE 702 may communicate without performing a RACH procedure).

[0122] In some examples, UE 702 may use one or more links to associate measurements corresponding to a first network entity with multiple network entities. For example, UE 702 may be configured with a link (e.g., explicitly or via a machine learning algorithm) that may associate measurements corresponding to network entity 704 with network entity 708 and network entity 710. In some examples, a single linking scheme may be used to associate measurements obtained from beam 712 with parameters of beam 716 and beam 718. For example, a single link may be used to identify SSB indices and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers corresponding to network entity 704 and network entity 710, respectively, based on measurements corresponding to network entity 708.

[0123] In some cases, UE 702 may implement a separate linking scheme (e.g., a separate machine learning model or a separate machine learning component) that can be used to independently associate measurements obtained from beam 712 with beam 716 and beam 718, respectively. In some aspects, the linking scheme may be associated with a serving cell identifier (ID). In some examples, UE 702 may send the serving cell ID to a network entity (e.g., network entity 704) along with a feedback message that includes channel measurements (e.g., measurements associated with network entity 704) and / or parameters associated with different network entities (e.g., determined based on linking and channel measurements).

[0124] In some examples, UE 702 may obtain channel measurements from multiple network entities to determine parameters for another network entity. For example, UE 702 may obtain channel measurements associated with network entity 704 (e.g., from beam 712 transmitted using FR1) and channel measurements associated with network entity 706 (e.g., from beam 714 transmitted using FR3) to determine parameters associated with network entity 708 (e.g., corresponding to beam 716 transmitted using FR2). In some cases, UE 702 may process channel measurements corresponding to network entity 704 and network entity 706 using a single linking scheme. For example, UE 702 may be configured with an ML model that receives inputs including RSRP measured from an SBS associated with network entity 704 (e.g., using FR1) and RSRP measured from an SBS associated with network entity 706 (e.g., using FR3). In some aspects, the ML model may output one or more preferred SSB indices and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers for the UE 702 to communicate with the network entity 708 .

[0125] In some aspects, UE 702 may implement different linkage schemes (e.g., different ML models or different ML components) to process channel measurements corresponding to network entity 704 and channel measurements corresponding to network entity 706. For example, UE 702 may be configured with a first linkage scheme that may be used to associate an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier of network entity 704 with an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier of network entity 708, and a second linkage scheme that may be used to associate an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier of network entity 706 with an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier of network entity 708. In some aspects, the different linkage schemes may be identified and / or otherwise associated with a serving cell ID (e.g., a serving cell ID corresponding to network entity 704, network entity 706, network entity 708, and / or network entity 710).

[0126] Figure 8 800 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a sequence 800 for performing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup. The sequence 800 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) 802, a serving cell A 804, and a serving cell B 806. In some aspects, the serving cell A 804 may be part of a master cell group (MCG) and the serving cell B 806 may be part of a secondary cell group (SCG). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 may be associated with a first network entity (e.g., a first gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the first gNB) and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the second gNB). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with the same network entity (e.g., a gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the gNB). In some examples, serving cell A 804 may be configured to operate using a first frequency range (eg, FR1, FR2, FR3, etc.), and serving cell B 806 may be configured to operate using a different FR than serving cell A 804 .

[0127] At act 808, serving cell A 804 may transmit a sequence of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams to UE 802. At act 810, UE 802 may perform channel measurements corresponding to the beams transmitted by serving cell A 804. In some aspects, the channel measurements may include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurements.

[0128] At block 812, UE 802 may determine an SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier associated with serving cell B 806. In some examples, UE 802 may identify an SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier associated with serving cell B 806 based on a channel measurement associated with serving cell A 804. For example, UE 802 may be configured with a linking scheme that may be used to associate measurements obtained from serving cell A 804 with an SSB beam and / or CSI-RS beam corresponding to serving cell B 806. In some cases, a machine learning model may be used to implement the linking scheme. In some examples, the linking scheme may be explicitly configured. In some cases, a serving cell (e.g., serving cell A 804) may configure UE 802 to use a linking scheme (e.g., an explicit linking scheme and / or an ML model).

[0129] At action 814, the UE 802 may transmit an uplink signal using a beam corresponding to the identified SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier to the serving cell B 806. In some aspects, the uplink transmission may be used to initiate a random access channel (RACH) procedure with the serving cell B 806. For example, the UE 802 may transmit a random access request message (e.g., Message 1 or Message A) to the serving cell B 806.

[0130] Fig. 9 900 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) 902, a serving cell A 904, and a serving cell B 906. In some aspects, the serving cell A 904 may be part of a master cell group (MCG) and the serving cell B 906 may be part of a secondary cell group (SCG). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 may be associated with a first network entity (e.g., a first gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the first gNB) and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the second gNB). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with the same network entity (e.g., a gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the gNB). In some examples, serving cell A 904 may be configured to operate using a first frequency range (eg, FR1, FR2, FR3, etc.), and serving cell B 906 may be configured to operate using a different FR than serving cell A 904 .

[0131] At act 908, serving cell A 904 may transmit a sequence of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams to UE 902. At act 910, UE 902 may perform channel measurements corresponding to the beams transmitted by serving cell A 904. In some aspects, the channel measurements may include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurements.

[0132] At block 912, the UE 902 may determine a plurality of SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers associated with the serving cell B 906. In some examples, the UE 902 may identify the SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers associated with the serving cell B 906 based on channel measurements associated with the serving cell A 904. For example, the UE 902 may be configured with a linking scheme that may be used to associate measurements obtained from the serving cell A 904 with a plurality of SSB beams and / or CSI-RS beams corresponding to the serving cell B 906. In some cases, a machine learning model may be used to implement the linking scheme. In some examples, the linking scheme may be explicitly configured. In some cases, the serving cell (e.g., serving cell A 904) may configure the UE 902 to use a linking scheme (e.g., an explicit linking scheme and / or an ML model).

[0133] At action 914, serving cell B 906 may send a sequence of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams to UE 902. At action 916, UE 902 may perform channel measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, AoA, AoD, etc.) corresponding to the beam associated with the identified SSB index and / or the identified CSI-RS resource identifier. At action 918, UE 902 may select a single SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier based on the measurements.

[0134] At action 920, the UE 902 may transmit an uplink signal using a beam corresponding to the selected SSB index and / or the selected CSI-RS resource identifier to the serving cell B 906. In some aspects, the uplink transmission may be used to initiate a random access channel (RACH) procedure with the serving cell B 906. For example, the UE 902 may transmit a random access request message (e.g., Message 1 or Message A) to the serving cell B 906.

[0135] Fig.10 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a sequence 1000 for performing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup. The sequence 1000 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) 1002, a serving cell A 1004, and a serving cell B 1006. In some aspects, the serving cell A 1004 may be part of a master cell group (MCG) and the serving cell B 1006 may be part of a secondary cell group (SCG). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 may be associated with a first network entity (e.g., a first gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the first gNB) and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the second gNB). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with the same network entity (e.g., a gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the gNB). In some examples, serving cell A 1004 may be configured to operate using a first frequency range (eg, FR1, FR2, FR3, etc.), and serving cell B 1006 may be configured to operate using a different FR than serving cell A 1004 .

[0136] At act 1008, serving cell A 1004 may transmit a sequence of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams to UE 1002. At act 1010, UE 1002 may perform channel measurements corresponding to the beams transmitted by serving cell A 1004. In some aspects, the channel measurements may include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurements.

[0137] At block 1012, the UE 1002 may determine one or more parameters associated with serving cell B 1006. For example, the UE 1002 may be configured with a linking scheme that may be used to associate measurements obtained from serving cell A 1004 with parameters corresponding to serving cell B 1006. In some examples, the UE 1002 may determine parameters (such as AoA, AoD, angular spread, etc.) corresponding to one or more beams associated with serving cell B 1006. At action 1014, the UE 1002 may send a feedback message to serving cell A 1004. In some aspects, the feedback message may include the parameters associated with serving cell B 1006 determined by the UE 1002. In some cases, the feedback message may include channel measurements obtained from a signal sent by serving cell A 1004. In some examples, the feedback message may include a serving cell identifier (ID) associated with the parameters and / or measurements (e.g., the UE 1002 may transmit feedback including parameters corresponding to multiple network entities).

[0138] At action 1016, serving cell A 1004 may optionally communicate with serving cell B 1006 to identify one or more SSB indices and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers for UE 1002 to communicate with serving cell B 1006. In some cases, serving cell A 1004 may send measurements and / or parameters obtained by UE 1002 to serving cell B 1006.

[0139] At action 1018, serving cell A 1004 may determine a plurality of SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers associated with serving cell B 1006. In some examples, serving cell A 1004 may identify the SSB indexes and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers associated with serving cell B 1006 based on channel measurements associated with serving cell A 1004. For example, serving cell A 1004 may be configured with a linking scheme (e.g., explicit linking and / or an ML model) that may be used to associate measurements associated with serving cell A 1004 with a plurality of SSB beams and / or CSI-RS beams corresponding to serving cell B 1006. In some configurations, serving cell A 1004 may identify an SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier associated with serving cell B 1006 based on parameters corresponding to serving cell B 1006 (e.g., AoA, AoD, angular spread) sent in a feedback message from UE 1002.

[0140] At act 1020, serving cell A 1004 may send an indication of an SSB index and / or a CSI-RS resource identifier to UE 1002. At act 1022, serving cell B 1006 may send a sequence of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams to UE 1002. At act 1024, UE 1002 may perform channel measurements (e.g., RSRP, RSSI, AoA, AoD, etc.) for the beam corresponding to the identified SSB index and / or the identified CSI-RS resource identifier. At act 1026, UE 1002 may select a single SSB index and / or CSI-RS resource identifier based on the measurements.

[0141] At action 1028, the UE 1002 may transmit an uplink signal using a beam corresponding to the selected SSB index and / or the selected CSI-RS resource identifier to the serving cell B 1006. In some aspects, the uplink transmission may be used to initiate a random access channel (RACH) procedure with the serving cell B 1006. For example, the UE 1002 may transmit a random access request message (e.g., Message 1 or Message A) to the serving cell B 1006.

[0142] Fig.11 is a sequence diagram illustrating an example of a sequence 1100 for performing predictive beam management for a secondary cell group (SCG) setup. The sequence 1100 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) 1102, a serving cell A 1104, and a serving cell B 1106. In some aspects, the serving cell A 1104 may be part of a master cell group (MCG) and the serving cell B 1106 may be part of a secondary cell group (SCG). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 may be associated with a first network entity (e.g., a first gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the first gNB) and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the second gNB). In some cases, the serving cell A 804 and the serving cell B 806 may be associated with the same network entity (e.g., a gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the gNB). In some examples, serving cell A 1104 may be configured to operate using a first frequency range (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, etc.), and serving cell B 1106 may be configured to operate using a different FR than serving cell A 1104.

[0143] At act 1108, serving cell A 1104 may transmit a sequence of synchronization signal block (SSB) beams or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) beams to UE 1102. At act 1110, UE 1102 may perform channel measurements corresponding to the beams transmitted by serving cell A 1104. In some aspects, the channel measurements may include reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), power delay profile (PDP), angle of arrival (AoA), angle of departure (AoD), angular spread, explicit time / frequency domain channel characteristics, eigenvectors associated with a channel in the frequency domain, any combination thereof, and / or any other channel measurements.

[0144] At block 1112, the UE 1102 may determine one or more parameters associated with serving cell B 1106. For example, the UE 1102 may be configured with a linking scheme that may be used to associate measurements obtained from serving cell A 1104 with parameters corresponding to serving cell B 1106. In some examples, the UE 1102 may determine parameters (such as AoA, AoD, angular spread, etc.) corresponding to one or more beams associated with serving cell B 1106. At action 1114, the UE 1102 may send a feedback message to serving cell A 1104. In some aspects, the feedback message may include the parameters associated with serving cell B 1106 determined by the UE 1102. In some cases, the feedback message may include channel measurements obtained from signals transmitted by serving cell A 1104.

[0145] At action 1116, serving cell A 1104 may optionally communicate with serving cell B 1106 to identify one or more SSB indices and / or CSI-RS resource identifiers for UE 1102 to communicate with serving cell B 1106. In some cases, serving cell A 1104 may send measurements and / or parameters obtained by UE 1102 to serving cell B 1106.

[0146] At action 1118, serving cell A 1104 may determine a preferred SSB index and / or a preferred CSI-RS resource identifier associated with serving cell B 1106. In some examples, serving cell A 1104 may identify the preferred SSB index and / or the preferred CSI-RS resource identifier associated with serving cell B 1106 based on channel measurements associated with serving cell A 1104. For example, serving cell A 1104 may be configured with a linking scheme (e.g., explicit linking and / or an ML model) that may be used to associate measurements associated with serving cell A 1104 with a preferred SSB beam and / or a preferred CSI-RS beam corresponding to serving cell B 1106. In some configurations, serving cell A 1104 may identify a preferred SSB index and / or preferred CSI-RS resource identifier associated with serving cell B 1106 based on parameters corresponding to serving cell B 1106 (e.g., AoA, AoD, angular spread) sent in a feedback message from UE 1102.

[0147] At action 1120, serving cell A 1104 may send an indication of a preferred SSB index and / or a preferred CSI-RS resource identifier to UE 1102. In some examples, the indication may correspond to sending a configuration indicator (TCI). In some aspects, the TCI may correspond to a virtual default state indicating that UE 1102 has successfully completed a radio access channel (RACH) procedure (e.g., with a corresponding preferred SSB or CSI-RS). In some examples, when a timing advance (TA) associated with serving cell B 1106 is valid or less than a threshold, UE 1102 may bypass a RACH procedure with serving cell B 1106.

[0148] At action 1122, the UE 1102 may configure a spatial receive filter based on a quasi co-location (QCL) type D parameter. In some aspects, the type D QCL parameter may be included in the indication (e.g., as part of the TCI). In some cases, the type D QCL may be used to steer a beam to a transmit beam corresponding to a preferred SSB index and / or a preferred CSI-RS resource identifier from serving cell B 1106.

[0149] At action 1124, UE 1102 may communicate (e.g., uplink and downlink) with serving cell B 1106. In some aspects, uplink communications may include physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions, and downlink communications may include physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions.

[0150] Fig.121 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1200 for performing a relay aircraft handover. In some aspects, the process 1200 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) such as Fig. 9 UE 802, Fig. 9 UE 902, Fig.10 UE 1002, Fig.11 At block 1202, process 1200 includes obtaining a connection with a first serving cell (eg, Figure 8 Service cell A804, Fig. 9 Service cell A 904, Fig.10 Service cell A 1004, Fig.11 In some aspects, the first beam is associated with a first frequency and the uplink signal is associated with a second frequency. In some examples, the first serving cell is associated with a master cell group (MCG) and the second serving cell is associated with a secondary cell group (SCG). In some examples, the one or more channel measurements include a reference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal quality (RSRQ), a power delay profile (PDP), an angle of arrival, a channel quality indicator (CQI), any combination thereof, and / or other channel measurements.

[0151] At block 1204, process 1200 includes determining, based on one or more channel measurements, a channel corresponding to a second serving cell (e.g., Figure 8 Service cell B 806, Fig. 9 Service cell B 906, Fig.10 Service cell B 1006, Fig.11 In some aspects, the one or more parameters include an angle of arrival, an angle of departure, an angular spread, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, any combination thereof, and / or other parameters. In some cases, the first serving cell may be associated with a first network entity (e.g., a first gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the first gNB), and the second serving cell may be associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the second gNB). In some cases, the first serving cell and the second serving cell may be associated with the same network entity (e.g., a gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the gNB).

[0152] In some aspects, process 1200 may determine one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell based on a link between one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam and one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell. In some cases, the link is based on a table or function that maps one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam to one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell. In some examples, the link may be explicitly configured on the UE (e.g., mapping measurements from the first serving cell to a table or function corresponding to the parameters of the second serving cell). In some examples, one or more machine learning algorithms may be used to implement the link. For example, a machine learning model may receive an input including one or more channel measurements from the first serving cell and provide an output including one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell.

[0153] At block 1206, process 1200 includes sending an uplink signal to a second serving cell based on the one or more parameters. In some aspects, the uplink signal includes a random access channel (RACH) message.

[0154] In some aspects, process 1200 may include identifying a plurality of beams associated with a second serving cell based on one or more parameters. Process 1200 may include obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams, and selecting at least one beam from the plurality of beams for transmitting an uplink signal to the second serving cell (e.g., based on the at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams).

[0155] In some examples, process 1200 may include sending one or more parameters to the first serving cell. Process 1200 may include receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of a plurality of beams associated with the second serving cell, wherein the indication is based on the one or more parameters. Process 1200 may include obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams, and selecting at least one beam from the plurality of beams for sending an uplink signal to the second serving cell (e.g., based on the at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams).

[0156] In some cases, process 1200 may include sending one or more parameters to the first serving cell. Process 1200 may include receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of a preferred beam associated with the second serving cell. The indication is based on the one or more parameters. Process 1200 may include selecting (e.g., based on the indication) a preferred beam for sending an uplink signal to the second serving cell.

[0157] In some aspects, process 1200 may include determining one or more additional parameters corresponding to a third serving cell based on the one or more channel measurements. In some cases, process 1200 may include sending the one or more additional parameters to the first serving cell along with a corresponding cell identifier associated with the third serving cell.

[0158] In some cases, process 1200 may include obtaining one or more additional channel measurements corresponding to the second beam received from the third serving cell.In some examples, the first beam and the second beam are associated with different frequencies.

[0159] Fig.13 1 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1300 for performing a relay aircraft handover. In some aspects, the process 1300 may be performed by a network entity such as Figure 2 Base station 102, Figure 3 RU 340, Figure 3 DU 330 and / or Figure 3 CU310 of the present invention). At block 1302, process 1300 includes receiving one or more channel characteristics corresponding to one or more beams associated with a serving cell from a user equipment (UE). In some cases, the device operates using a first frequency, and the one or more beams are associated with a second frequency for communicating with a network entity. In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., a first gNB) may be associated with a first serving cell, and a second serving cell may be associated with a second network entity (e.g., a second gNB or a portion thereof, such as a CU, DU, RU, etc. of the second gNB). In some cases, the network entity may be associated with the first serving cell and the second serving cell.

[0160] At block 1304, process 1300 includes determining one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the serving cell based on the one or more channel characteristics. In some aspects, the one or more parameters include a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, a transmission configuration indication (TCI), any combination thereof, and / or other parameters.

[0161] At box 1306, process 1300 includes sending one or more parameters to the UE. In some aspects, process 1300 includes sending one or more configurations to the UE. For example, one or more configurations may correspond to a link between one or more channel measurements corresponding to one or more beams associated with a serving cell and one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the serving cell. In some cases, the link is based on a table or function that maps one or more channel measurements to one or more parameters. In some examples, the link may be explicitly configured on the UE (e.g., mapping measurements from a first serving cell to a table or function corresponding to parameters of a second serving cell). In some examples, one or more machine learning algorithms may be used to implement the link. For example, a machine learning model may receive an input including one or more channel measurements from a first serving cell and provide an output including one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell. In an illustrative example, the configuration may correspond to one or more machine learning models for determining one or more channel characteristics by the UE based on one or more measurements corresponding to at least one beam sent by a network entity.

[0162] In some examples, the processes described herein (e.g., process 1200, process 1300, and / or other processes described herein) may be performed by a computing device or apparatus (e.g., a UE or a base station). In one example, process 1200 may be performed by Figure 2 UE104, Fig. 9 UE 802, Fig. 9 UE 902, Fig.10 UE 1002, Fig.11 In another example, the process 1300 may be performed by a network entity such as a UE 1102. Figure 2 Base station 102, Figure 3 RU 340, Figure 3 DU 330 and / or Figure 3 In another example, the process 1200 and the process 1300 may be performed by a CU having Fig.14 The computing device of the computing system 1400 shown in FIG. 1 is executed.

[0163] In some cases, a computing device or apparatus may include various components, such as one or more input devices, one or more output devices, one or more processors, one or more microprocessors, one or more microcomputers, one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and / or other components configured to perform the steps of the processes described herein. In some examples, a computing device may include a display, one or more network interfaces configured to communicate and / or receive data, any combination thereof, and / or other components. The one or more network interfaces may be configured to communicate and / or receive wired and / or wireless data, including data in accordance with 3G, 4G, 5G, and / or other cellular standards, data in accordance with the Wi-Fi (802.11x) standard, data in accordance with the Bluetooth standard, and / or other components. TM Standard data, data according to the Internet Protocol (IP) standard and / or other types of data.

[0164] The components of the computing device may be implemented in a circuit system. For example, the components may include and / or be implemented using electronic circuits or other electronic hardware, which may include one or more programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, neural processing units (NPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), central processing units (CPUs), and / or other suitable electronic circuits), and / or the components may include and / or be implemented using computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof for performing the various operations described herein.

[0165] Process 1200 and process 1300 are illustrated as a logic flow diagram, the operations of which represent a sequence of operations that can be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, each operation represents a computer-executable instruction stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, performs the described operation. Generally speaking, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific functions or implement specific data types. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations may be combined in any order and / or in parallel to implement the process.

[0166] In addition, process 1200, process 1300, and / or other processes described herein may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) that is executed together on one or more processors, through hardware, or a combination thereof. As noted above, the code may be stored on a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program that includes multiple instructions that can be executed by one or more processors. The computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.

[0167] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for implementing certain aspects of the present technology. Specifically, Fig.14 An example of a computing system 1400 is illustrated, which may be any computing device, for example, constituting an internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any components thereof, wherein the components of the system communicate with each other using a connection 1405. The connection 1405 may be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into the processor 1410, such as in a chipset architecture. The connection 1405 may also be a virtual connection, a networked connection, or a logical connection.

[0168] In some embodiments, computing system 1400 is a distributed system, where the functionality described in the present disclosure may be distributed within a data center, multiple data centers, a peer-to-peer network, etc. In some embodiments, one or more of the described system components represent a number of such components that each perform some or all of the functionality for which the component is described. In some embodiments, a component may be a physical device or a virtual device.

[0169] The example system 1400 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1410 and connections 1405 that communicatively couple various system components including system memory 1415, such as read-only memory (ROM) 1420 and random access memory (RAM) 1425, to the processor 1410. The computing system 1400 may include a cache 1412 of high-speed memory directly connected to, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of the processor 1410.

[0170] Processor 1410 may include any general purpose processor and hardware or software services such as services 1432, 1434, and 1436 stored in storage device 1430 configured to control processor 1410, as well as a dedicated processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 1410 may essentially be a completely independent computing system containing multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0171] To enable user interaction, computing system 1400 includes input device 1445, which may represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice, etc. Computing system 1400 may also include output device 1435, which may be one or more of a plurality of output mechanisms. In some cases, a multimodal system may enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with computing system 1400.

[0172] The computing system 1400 may include a communication interface 1440, which may generally govern and manage user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receiving and / or sending wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including using an audio jack / plug, a microphone jack / plug, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port / plug, an Apple TM Lightning TM Ports / plugs, Ethernet ports / plugs, Fiber optic ports / plugs, Dedicated wired ports / plugs, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal delivery, Bluetooth TM Wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth TM Low energy (BLE) wireless signal transmission, IBEACON TMThe communication interface 1440 may also include one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers or transceivers for determining the location of the computing system 1400 based on receiving one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and Europe's Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction to operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and thus the base features herein may be easily substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0173] The storage device 1430 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable memory device and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium that can store data accessible by a computer, such as a magnetic cassette, a flash memory card, a solid-state memory device, a digital versatile disk, a cassette, a floppy disk, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a magnetic stripe / magnetic stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, flash memory, a memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disk, a rewritable compact disk (CD) optical disk, a digital video disk (DVD) optical disk, a Blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disk, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory Card, or a memory card. card, a smart card chip, an EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, a random access memory (RAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash EPROM (FLASH EPROM), a cache memory (e.g., a layer 1 (L1) cache, a layer 2 (L2) cache, a layer 3 (L3) cache, a layer 4 (L4) cache, a layer 5 (L5) cache, other (L#) cache), a resistive random access memory (RRAM / ReRAM), a phase change memory (PCM), a spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or box, and / or a combination thereof.

[0174] Storage device 1430 may include software services, servers, services, etc., which, when the code defining such software is executed by processor 1410, causes the system to perform functions. In some embodiments, hardware services that perform specific functions may include software components for performing functions stored in a computer-readable medium connected to necessary hardware components such as processor 1410, connector 1405, output device 1435, etc. The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media capable of storing, containing or carrying instructions and / or data. Computer-readable media may include non-transient media in which data may be stored and does not include carrier waves and / or transient electronic signals propagated wirelessly or through wired connections. Examples of non-transient media may include, but are not limited to, disks or tapes, optical storage media (such as compact disks (CDs) or digital versatile disks (DVDs)), flash memory, memory, or memory devices. Computer readable media may store thereon code and / or machine executable instructions, which may represent a process, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, category, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by transmitting and / or receiving information, data, independent variables, parameters, or memory contents. Information, independent variables, parameters, data, etc. may be transmitted, forwarded, or sent via any suitable means, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network sending, etc.

[0175] Specific details are provided in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of each embodiment and each example provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Therefore, although the exemplary embodiments of the present application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concept can be embodied and adopted in various other ways, and the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including these variations, unless limited by the prior art. The various features and aspects of the above-mentioned applications can be used individually or in combination. In addition, without departing from the broader scope of this specification, the embodiments can be used in any number of environments and applications beyond the environment and application described herein. Therefore, the description and the accompanying drawings should be considered as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purpose of illustration, each method is described in a specific order. It should be understood that in an alternative embodiment, each method can be performed in a different order than described.

[0176] For clarity of explanation, in some instances, the present technology may be presented as including separate functional blocks, which include devices, device components, steps or routines in the method embodied in software or a combination of hardware and software. Additional components other than those components shown in the drawings and / or described herein may be used. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order to avoid confusing these embodiments in unnecessary details. In other cases, known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures and techniques may be shown without necessary details in order to avoid confusing each embodiment.

[0177] In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various exemplary components, frames, modules, circuits and steps have been generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints proposed to the entire system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functions in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0178] Individual embodiments may be described above as processes or methods depicted as flow charts, flow diagrams, data flow diagrams, structure diagrams, or block diagrams. Although flow charts may describe operations as sequential processes, many of the operations may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. The process is terminated when the operations of the process are completed, but the process may have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. A process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, the termination of the process may correspond to the function returning to the calling function or main function.

[0179] The processes and methods according to the above examples can be implemented using stored computer executable instructions or otherwise obtained from computer readable media. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that configure a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a function or a group of functions. Parts of the computer resources used can be accessed through a network. Computer executable instructions can be, for example, binary, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer readable media that can be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during the method according to the described examples include disks or optical disks, flash memories, USB devices with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, etc.

[0180] In some embodiments, computer-readable storage devices, media, and memories may include wired or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer-readable storage media explicitly excludes media such as power consumption, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals themselves.

[0181] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof in some cases, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0182] Various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any combination thereof, and may be implemented in any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments (e.g., computer program products) for performing necessary tasks may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. The processor may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include: laptops, smartphones, mobile phones, tablet devices, or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rack-mounted devices, stand-alone devices, and the like. The functionality described herein may also be embodied in peripheral devices or add-in cards. By way of further example, such functionality may also be implemented on circuit boards in different chips or different processes executed on a single device.

[0183] Instructions, media for communicating such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

[0184] The technology described herein can also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such technology can be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as general-purpose computers, wireless communication device mobile phones, or integrated circuit devices with multiple uses, including applications in wireless communication device mobile phones and other devices. Any features described as modules or components can be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the technology can be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium including a program code, which includes instructions for executing one or more of the above-mentioned methods, algorithms, and / or operations when executed. Computer-readable data storage media can form part of a computer program product, which can include packaging materials. Computer-readable media can include memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) (such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as a propagated signal or wave.

[0185] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such processors may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, the term "processor" as used herein may refer to any of the aforementioned structures, any combination of the aforementioned structures, or any other structure or device suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.

[0186] One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the less than ("<") and greater than (">") symbols or terms used herein may be replaced by less than or equal to ("≤") and greater than or equal to ("≥") symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of this specification.

[0187] Where a component is described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration may be achieved, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operations, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., a microprocessor or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operations, or any combination thereof.

[0188] The phrases “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” refer to any component being physically connected directly or indirectly to another component, and / or any component being in communication with another component directly or indirectly (e.g., connected to the other component via a wired or wireless connection and / or other suitable communication interface).

[0189] Claim language or other language reciting "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfies the claim. For example, claim language reciting "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language reciting "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, A and B and C, or any repetition is information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, etc.), or any other ordering, repetition, or combination of A, B, and C. The language "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B.

[0190] Illustrative aspects of the present disclosure include:

[0191] Aspect 1. A method for wireless communication performed at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: obtaining one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first service cell; determining one or more parameters corresponding to a second service cell based on the one or more channel measurements; and sending an uplink signal to the second service cell based on the one or more parameters.

[0192] Aspect 2. The method according to aspect 1, wherein the first beam is associated with a first frequency and the uplink signal is associated with a second frequency.

[0193] Aspect 3. The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the first serving cell is associated with a master cell group (MCG), and the second serving cell is associated with a secondary cell group (SCG).

[0194] Aspect 4. The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the first beam comprises at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0195] Aspect 5. A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the one or more channel measurements include at least one of reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal quality (RSRQ), power delay profile (PDP), arrival angle and channel quality indicator (CQI).

[0196] Aspect 6. A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of an arrival angle, a departure angle, an angular spread, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier.

[0197] Aspect 7. A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the uplink signal comprises a random access channel (RACH) message.

[0198] Aspect 8. According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method also includes: identifying multiple beams associated with the second service cell based on the one or more parameters; obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the multiple beams; and selecting at least one beam from the multiple beams for sending the uplink signal to the second service cell.

[0199] Aspect 9. A method according to aspect 8, wherein the multiple beams each correspond to at least one of a first resource set associated with a synchronization signal block (SSB) and a second resource set associated with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0200] Aspect 10. According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method also includes: sending the one or more parameters to the first service cell; receiving an indication of multiple beams associated with the second service cell from the first service cell, wherein the indication is based on the one or more parameters; obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the multiple beams; and selecting at least one beam from the multiple beams for sending the uplink signal to the second service cell.

[0201] Aspect 11. According to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, the method further includes: sending the one or more parameters to the first service cell; receiving an indication of a preferred beam associated with the second service cell from the first service cell, wherein the indication is based on the one or more parameters; and selecting the preferred beam for sending the uplink signal to the second service cell.

[0202] Aspect 12. The method according to aspect 11, further comprising: configuring a spatial reception filter corresponding to the preferred beam based on a default spatial reception parameter.

[0203] Aspect 13. A method according to any one of aspects 11 to 12, wherein the uplink signal comprises a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission.

[0204] Aspect 14. A method according to any one of aspects 11 to 13, wherein the indication corresponds to a Transmit Configuration Indication (TCI).

[0205] Aspect 15. A method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the one or more parameters correspond to the second serving cell and a third serving cell.

[0206] Aspect 16. According to the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, the method also includes: sending at least a part of the one or more parameters to the first serving cell, wherein the part is configured by the first serving cell.

[0207] Aspect 17. The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16 further comprises: determining one or more additional parameters corresponding to a third serving cell based on the one or more channel measurements.

[0208] Aspect 18. The method according to aspect 17, the method further comprising: sending the one or more additional parameters and a corresponding cell identifier associated with the third serving cell to the first serving cell.

[0209] Aspect 19. The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 18, the method further comprising: obtaining one or more additional channel measurements corresponding to the second beam received from the third serving cell.

[0210] Aspect 20. The method according to aspect 19, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with different frequencies.

[0211] Aspect 21. A method according to any one of aspects 19 to 20, wherein the one or more parameters are further based on the one or more additional channel measurements.

[0212] Aspect 22. The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 21, the method further comprising: determining one or more additional parameters corresponding to the second serving cell based on the one or more additional channel measurements.

[0213] Aspect 23. An apparatus according to any one of Aspects 1 to 22, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the one or more parameters corresponding to the second service cell based on a link between the one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam and the one or more parameters corresponding to the second service cell.

[0214] Aspect 24. An apparatus according to aspect 23, wherein the linking is based on a table or function that maps the one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam to the one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell.

[0215] Aspect 25. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform operations according to any one of Aspects 1 to 24.

[0216] Aspect 26. An apparatus for wireless communications, the apparatus comprising means for performing the operations according to any one of aspects 1 to 24.

[0217] Aspect 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the operations according to any one of aspects 1 to 24.

[0218] Aspect 28. A method for wireless communication performed at a first service cell, the method comprising: receiving one or more channel characteristics corresponding to one or more beams associated with a second service cell from a user equipment (UE); determining one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the second service cell based on the one or more channel characteristics; and sending the one or more parameters to the UE.

[0219] Aspect 29. The method according to aspect 28, wherein the one or more channel characteristics include at least one of angle of arrival, angle of departure, and angular spread.

[0220] Aspect 30. A method according to any one of Aspects 28 to 29, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, and a transmission configuration indication (TCI).

[0221] Aspect 31. According to any one of Aspects 28 to 30, the method also includes: sending one or more configurations to the UE, wherein the one or more configurations correspond to a machine learning model for determining the one or more channel characteristics by the UE based on one or more measurements corresponding to at least one beam sent by the first service cell.

[0222] Aspect 32. A method according to any one of Aspects 28 to 31, wherein the first serving cell operates using a first frequency, and wherein the one or more beams are associated with a second frequency for communicating with the second serving cell.

[0223] Aspect 33. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to perform operations according to any one of Aspects 28 to 32.

[0224] Aspect 34. An apparatus for wireless communications, the apparatus comprising means for performing the operations of any one of aspects 28 to 32.

[0225] Aspect 35. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the operations of any one of aspects 28 to 32.

Claims

1. A device for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to: obtaining one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first serving cell; determining one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell based on the one or more channel measurements; as well as An uplink signal is sent to the second serving cell based on the one or more parameters.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell based on a link between the one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam and the one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the linking is based on a table or function that maps the one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam to the one or more parameters corresponding to the second serving cell.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first beam is associated with a first frequency and the uplink signal is associated with a second frequency. 5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first serving cell is associated with a master cell group (MCG) and the second serving cell is associated with a secondary cell group (SCG).

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more channel measurements comprise at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal quality (RSRQ), a power delay profile (PDP), an angle of arrival, and a channel quality indicator (CQI).

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of an angle of arrival, an angle of departure, an angular spread, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the uplink signal comprises a random access channel (RACH) message.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to: identifying a plurality of beams associated with the second serving cell based on the one or more parameters; obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams; as well as At least one beam is selected from the plurality of beams for transmitting the uplink signal to the second serving cell.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to: sending the one or more parameters to the first serving cell; receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of a plurality of beams associated with the second serving cell, wherein the indication is based on the one or more parameters; obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams; as well as At least one beam is selected from the plurality of beams for transmitting the uplink signal to the second serving cell.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to: sending the one or more parameters to the first serving cell; receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of a preferred beam associated with the second serving cell, wherein the indication is based on the one or more parameters; and The preferred beam is selected for transmitting the uplink signal to the second serving cell.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to: One or more additional parameters corresponding to a third serving cell are determined based on the one or more channel measurements.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to: The one or more additional parameters and a corresponding cell identifier associated with the third serving cell are sent to the first serving cell.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to: One or more additional channel measurements corresponding to the second beam received from the third serving cell are obtained.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with different frequencies.

16. A method for wireless communication performed at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: obtaining one or more channel measurements corresponding to a first beam received from a first serving cell; determining one or more parameters corresponding to a second serving cell based on the one or more channel measurements; as well as An uplink signal is sent to the second serving cell based on the one or more parameters.

17. A method according to claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters corresponding to the second service cell are determined based on a link between the one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam and the one or more parameters corresponding to the second service cell, and wherein the link is based on a table or function that maps the one or more channel measurements corresponding to the first beam to the one or more parameters corresponding to the second service cell.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the first beam is associated with a first frequency and the uplink signal is associated with a second frequency.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the first serving cell is associated with a master cell group (MCG) and the second serving cell is associated with a secondary cell group (SCG).

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more channel measurements include at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal quality (RSRQ), a power delay profile (PDP), an angle of arrival, and a channel quality indicator (CQI).

21. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more parameters include at least one of an angle of arrival, an angle of departure, an angular spread, a synchronization signal block (SSB) index, and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein the uplink signal comprises a random access channel (RACH) message.

23. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: identifying a plurality of beams associated with the second serving cell based on the one or more parameters; obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams; as well as At least one beam is selected from the plurality of beams for transmitting the uplink signal to the second serving cell.

24. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: sending the one or more parameters to the first serving cell; receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of a plurality of beams associated with the second serving cell, wherein the indication is based on the one or more parameters; obtaining at least one channel measurement corresponding to the plurality of beams; as well as At least one beam is selected from the plurality of beams for transmitting the uplink signal to the second serving cell.

25. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: sending the one or more parameters to the first serving cell; receiving, from the first serving cell, an indication of a preferred beam associated with the second serving cell, wherein the indication is based on the one or more parameters; as well as The preferred beam is selected for transmitting the uplink signal to the second serving cell.

26. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: One or more additional parameters corresponding to a third serving cell are determined based on the one or more channel measurements.

27. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: The one or more additional parameters and a corresponding cell identifier associated with the third serving cell are sent to the first serving cell.

28. The method of claim 16, further comprising: One or more additional channel measurements corresponding to the second beam received from the third serving cell are obtained.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with different frequencies.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), one or more channel characteristics corresponding to one or more beams associated with a serving cell; determining, based on the one or more channel characteristics, one or more parameters for configuring the UE to communicate with the serving cell; as well as The one or more parameters are sent to the UE.

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