Method for improving germination rate of paulownia seeds

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for increasing the germination rate of paulownia seeds, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed harvesting, (2) seed storage, (3) seed pretreatment, (4) seedbed preparation, (5) sowing, and (6) seedling culture management. The problems that the paulownia seeds are low in germination rate, irregular in seedling emergence and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a method for improving the germination rate of Paulownia seeds. Background Art

[0002] Paulownia is a deciduous tree of the genus Paulownia in the family Scrophulariaceae. It is one of the important fast-growing timber species in my country and is often used as an intercropping species with crops in plain agricultural areas. As a timber species, Paulownia has the advantages of fast growth and good material quality. In current production practice, Paulownia seedlings are usually cultivated by buried root cultivation. Although buried root cultivation solves the disadvantage of seeding seedlings that seeding cannot be cultivated and planted in the same year, the long-term use of buried root cultivation results in the rampant diseases and insect pests of Paulownia, which affects the early flowering and fruiting of Paulownia wood and causes serious degradation of Paulownia. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a method to improve the germination rate of Paulownia seeds in production, which provides a more solid theoretical basis for other related research such as Paulownia seed cultivation and improved variety selection, and is crucial to preventing the degradation of Paulownia germplasm resources.

[0003] However, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds is low, which brings great difficulties to Paulownia cultivation. This is because Paulownia seeds are small and light in shape, and like most plant seeds, they have strong dormancy and are difficult to germinate. In production, low-temperature sand storage is often used before sowing, which requires a long period of stratification and germination.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of Paulownia seeds, which greatly improves the germination rate and uniformity of emergence of Paulownia seeds. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] The invention aims to provide a method for improving the germination rate of Paulownia seeds, so as to solve the problems of low germination rate of Paulownia seeds, uneven emergence of seedlings and the like.

[0007] (II) Technical solutions adopted

[0008] The present invention achieves the above object through the following technical scheme: a method for improving the germination rate of Paulownia seeds, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Seed collection

[0010] Paulownia fruit matures at the end of November. When collecting seeds, choose trees over 8 years old to collect fruits. Pick the capsules when they change from yellow to yellow-brown and further to brown-black and the pods are 1 / 3 cracked. When the water content of Paulownia seeds is about 40%, dry the fruits, cut the pods, take out the seeds, and dry them in a cool and ventilated place. After they are completely dried, put them in a net bag disinfected with 3% formalin, with a mesh of less than 1 mm, and put calcium chloride, quicklime, and plant ash in the net bag as moisture absorbents.

[0011] (2) Seed storage

[0012] Paulownia seeds were dried and stored in a refrigerator at 5°C for 130 days before sowing;

[0013] (3) Seed pretreatment

[0014] a) Seed disinfection: Disinfect seeds before sowing, using 70% ethanol for 30 seconds + 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, and then rinse with sterile water for 3 times;

[0015] b) After rinsing, soak in 50℃ warm water for 6 hours, and then soak in 100mg / L gibberellin for 24 hours;

[0016] c) Then the treated seeds are mixed with 2-3 times of seedling medium or perlite and evenly placed in a seedling tray, and then placed in a constant temperature incubator, the temperature is controlled at 25-30°C, rinsed with water 1-2 times every 12 hours, and turned up and down to ensure consistent humidity. After germination for 3-4 days, when 30% of the seed embryos turn light yellow, they can be transferred to low temperature treatment, the temperature is controlled at 0-5°C, the humidity is about 60%, and they are turned 2-3 times a day. After about 2-3 days, they are moved to the leeward side of the outdoors for sun exposure, turned over frequently every day, watered frequently, and kept the seed sand moist. Covered with straw curtains at night, 50% of the germinated white spots are exposed, and sowing can be done;

[0017] (4) Seedbed preparation

[0018] After land preparation, apply 5% carbendazim wettable powder in a ratio of 30:1 to the soil and mix well. Make ridges and furrows. The furrows are five meters long and one meter wide. Dig a small ditch at the side of the ridge near the water. The ditch is fifteen centimeters wide and ten centimeters deep. Make the furrow surface level and fine, pick out grass roots, stones, bricks, and slightly press them down.

[0019] (5) Sowing

[0020] Evenly sow the paulownia seeds treated in step (3) on the bed surface; if the buds are slightly long, do not mix with sand to avoid damaging the young buds, and use a broom to dip the seeds and throw them; after sowing, cover with coarse sieved soil, and the soil should be shallow, so that the seeds are not visible. After sowing is completed, cover the bed surface with a layer of straw curtain;

[0021] (6) Seedling management

[0022] After sowing, build a 1.5m high trellis. After the seedlings grow two pairs of leaves, remove the covering straw, clear the weeds, and water in time to keep the soil moisture at about 45%.

[0023] (III) Beneficial effects

[0024] The present invention performs low-temperature storage after the paulownia seeds are harvested, reduces the respiration of the seeds, and prompts the paulownia seeds to enter a dormant state. The seeds are disinfected and treated with gibberellins before sowing, which can promote the maturation of the embryo, shorten the dormancy period of the seeds, and thus promote seed germination. At the same time, by treating the substrate required for its growth, the prerequisite for subsequent germination treatment is provided. The various technical means adopted by the present invention cooperate with each other and interact with each other, and can promote the improvement of the germination rate of the paulownia seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0026] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims and abstract), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features having similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0027] Example:

[0028] A method for improving the germination rate of Paulownia seeds, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Seed collection

[0030] Paulownia fruit matures at the end of November. When collecting seeds, choose trees over 8 years old to collect fruits. Pick the capsules when they change from yellow to yellow-brown and further to brown-black and the pods are 1 / 3 cracked. When the water content of Paulownia seeds is about 40%, dry the fruits, cut the pods, take out the seeds, and dry them in a cool and ventilated place. After they are completely dried, put them in a net bag disinfected with 3% formalin, with a mesh of less than 1 mm, and put calcium chloride, quicklime, and plant ash in the net bag as moisture absorbents.

[0031] (2) Seed storage

[0032] Dry and store the Paulownia seeds in a refrigerator at 0-5℃ for 120-140 days before sowing;

[0033] (3) Seed pretreatment

[0034] a) Seed disinfection: Disinfect seeds before sowing, using 70% ethanol disinfection for 30 seconds + 1% sodium hypochlorite disinfection for 10 minutes or 0.3% KMnO4 disinfection for 10 minutes or 1% NaClO disinfection for 10 minutes or 0.1% mercuric chloride disinfection for 10 minutes or 70% ethanol soaking for 30 seconds + 0.1% mercuric chloride disinfection for 10 minutes, and rinse with sterile water for 3 times after disinfection;

[0035] b) After rinsing, soak in 30-60℃ warm water for 6-24 hours, and then soak in 10-1000mg / L gibberellin (GA3) for 6-24 hours;

[0036] c) Then the treated seeds are mixed with 2-3 times of seedling medium or perlite or fine sand or coarse sand or peat and evenly placed in a seedling tray, and then placed in a constant temperature incubator, the temperature is controlled at 25-30°C, rinsed with water 1-2 times every 12 hours, and turned up and down to ensure consistent humidity. After germination for 3-4 days, when 30% of the seed embryos turn light yellow, they can be transferred to low temperature treatment, the temperature is controlled at 0-5°C, the humidity is about 60%, and they are turned 2-3 times a day. After about 2-3 days, they are moved to the leeward side of the outdoors for sun exposure, turned over frequently every day, watered frequently, kept the seed sand moist, covered with straw curtains at night, and sowed when 50% of the germinated white spots appear;

[0037] (4) Seedbed preparation

[0038] After land preparation, apply 5% carbendazim wettable powder in a ratio of 30:1 to the soil and mix well. Make ridges and furrows. The furrows are five meters long and one meter wide. Dig a small ditch at the side of the ridge near the water. The ditch is fifteen centimeters wide and ten centimeters deep. Make the furrow surface level and fine, pick out grass roots, stones, bricks, and slightly press them down.

[0039] (5) Sowing

[0040] Evenly sow the paulownia seeds treated in step (3) on the bed surface; if the buds are slightly long, do not mix with sand to avoid damaging the young buds, and use a broom to dip the seeds and throw them; after sowing, cover with coarse sieved soil, and the soil should be shallow, so that the seeds are not visible. After sowing is completed, cover the bed surface with a layer of straw curtain;

[0041] (6) Seedling management

[0042] After sowing, build a 1.5m high trellis. After the seedlings grow two pairs of leaves, remove the covering straw, clear the weeds, and water in time to keep the soil moisture at about 45%.

[0043] test:

[0044] 1. Effects of different storage conditions on seed germination

[0045] Table 1: Effects of different storage conditions on germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] As can be seen from Table 1, the experiments were designed with different storage time and storage temperature. The storage time was 120, 130 and 140 days respectively, and the storage temperature was room temperature, 0℃ and 5℃ respectively, with a total of 9 combinations. The data in Table 1 show that with the extension of storage time, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds first increased and then decreased; similarly, with the decrease of storage temperature, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under room temperature storage conditions, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds was the highest at 83.7% after sowing after 130t of storage; under 0℃ storage conditions, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds was the highest at 90.1% after sowing after 130t of storage; under 5℃ storage conditions, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds was the highest at 92.8% after sowing after 130t of storage. In summary, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds was the highest at 92.8% after 130t of storage at 5℃, which was 9.1% and 2.7% higher than that of 130t of storage at room temperature and 130t of storage at 5℃, respectively.

[0049] 2. Effects of different disinfection methods on the germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0050] Table 2: Effects of different disinfection methods on the germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0051]

[0052] As can be seen from Table 2, the experiment was designed using different disinfectants and disinfection time. The disinfectants were KMnO40.3%, 1% NaClO, 0.1% mercuric chloride, 70% ethanol + 1% NaClO, 70% ethanol + 0.1% mercuric chloride, and the disinfection time was 10min, 10min, 10min, 70% ethanol disinfection 30s + 1% sodium hypochlorite disinfection 10min, 70% ethanol soaking 30s + 0.1% mercuric chloride disinfection 10min, a total of 5 treatments. The data in Table 2 show that treatment 4 has the best seed disinfection effect, and the germination rate of Paulownia seeds is the highest at 94.2%, slightly higher than treatment 1 (91.6%) and treatment 2 (88.7%), and significantly higher than treatment 3 (70.3%) and treatment 5 (75.8%).

[0053] 3. Effects of different soaking temperatures and soaking times on the germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0054] Table 3: Effects of different soaking temperatures and time treatments on the germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0055] Serial number Soaking temperature (℃) Soaking time (t) Germination rate (%) 1 30 6 74.3 2 40 6 85.9 3 50 6 93.6 4 60 6 86.1 5 30 12 72.6 6 40 12 84.0 7 50 12 89.2 8 60 12 75.1 9 30 24 69.7 10 40 24 75.8 11 50 24 81.7 12 60 24 72.4

[0056] As can be seen from Table 3, the experiment was designed using different soaking temperatures and soaking times. The soaking temperatures were 30, 40, 50, and 60°C, and the soaking times were 6, 12, and 24 t, respectively, for a total of 12 combinations. The data in Table 3 show that the effect of soaking time is the most obvious. As the soaking time increases, the germination rate decreases. When the soaking time is 6 t, the germination rate of Paulownia is the highest. The second is the effect of soaking temperature. As the soaking temperature increases, the germination rate of Paulownia first increases and then decreases. When the soaking temperature is 50°C, the germination rate of Paulownia is relatively high. In summary, after Paulownia seeds are soaked in 50°C warm water for 6 hours, the germination rate is as high as 93.6%.

[0057] 4. Effects of different GA3 concentrations and soaking times on the germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0058] Table 4: Effects of different concentrations of GA3 and different soaking times on the germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0059] Serial number GA3(mg / L) Soaking time (t) Germination rate (%) 1 10 6 68.4 2 100 6 77.9 3 1000 6 72.1 4 10 12 75.2 5 100 12 84.1 6 1000 12 77.5 7 10 24 79.1 8 100 24 93.9 9 1000 24 82.5

[0060] As can be seen from Table 4, the experiment was designed using different concentrations of GA3 and different soaking times. The GA3 concentrations were 10, 100, and 1000 mg / L, and the soaking times were 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively, for a total of 9 combinations. As shown in Table 4, under the same soaking time, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds increased first and then decreased with the increase of GA3 concentration; under the same GA3 concentration, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds was positively correlated with the soaking time. In summary, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds soaked in 100 mg / L GA3 for 24 hours was as high as 93.9%, which was 25.5%, 16%, 21.8%, 18.7%, 9.8%, 16.4%, 14.8%, and 11.4% higher than the germination rates of treatments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9, respectively.

[0061] 5. Effects of different stratification materials on the germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0062] Table 5: Effects of different stratification material treatments on germination rate of Paulownia seeds

[0063]

[0064] As shown in Table 5, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds in perlite and seedling medium is the highest, which is 93.8% and 94.0% respectively; peat is second, which is 88.5%; the germination rates of the other two substrates are not much different, which are 78.9% and 80.0% respectively. In summary, the germination rate of Paulownia seeds is the highest in perlite and seedling medium. Therefore, perlite, seedling medium and other materials can replace conventional coarse sand for stratification treatment, and can significantly improve the germination rate of Paulownia seeds. Its advantages of small bulk density, good air permeability and strong water retention capacity are significantly better than traditional materials.

[0065] It can be seen from Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5 that the Paulownia seeds in the present invention are dried and refrigerated in a refrigerator at 5°C for 130 days before sowing, 70% ethanol disinfection for 30s + 1% sodium hypochlorite disinfection for 10min before sowing, soaked in 50°C warm water for 6 hours after disinfection, and then soaked in 100mg / L gibberellin for 24 hours before sowing, and the sowing matrix is ​​selected as a seedling matrix or perlite, and the seed germination performance is the best, the emergence time and the completion time of the emergence are the shortest, and the emergence is relatively neat. This technical operation is relatively simple, the cost is low, and the germination rate of Paulownia seeds can be greatly improved. Therefore, it has a good market prospect and is suitable for large-scale promotion and use in production. The basic teachings of the present invention have been explained, and many extensions and changes will be obvious to people with ordinary skills in this field. Since the present invention disclosed in the specification can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or general characteristics of the present invention, and some forms of these specific forms have been pointed out, the embodiments disclosed in the specification should be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and all changes that fall within the equivalent meaning and scope of the claims will still be included in its scope.

Claims

1. A method for improving the germination rate of Paulownia seeds, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Seed collection Paulownia fruit matures at the end of November. When collecting seeds, choose trees over 8 years old to collect fruits. Pick the capsules when they change from yellow to yellow-brown and further to brown-black and the pods are 1 / 3 cracked. When the water content of Paulownia seeds is about 40%, dry the fruits, cut the pods, take out the seeds, and dry them in a cool and ventilated place. After they are completely dried, put them in a net bag disinfected with 3% formalin, with a mesh of less than 1 mm, and put calcium chloride, quicklime, and plant ash in the net bag as moisture absorbents. (2) Seed storage Paulownia seeds were dried and stored in a refrigerator at 5°C for 130 days before sowing; (3) Seed pretreatment a) Seed disinfection: Disinfect seeds before sowing, using 70% ethanol for 30 seconds + 1% sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes, and then rinse with sterile water for 3 times; b) After rinsing, soak in 50℃ warm water for 6 hours, and then soak in 100mg / L gibberellin for 24 hours; c) Then the treated seeds are mixed with 2-3 times of seedling medium or perlite and evenly placed in a seedling tray, and then placed in a constant temperature incubator, the temperature is controlled at 25-30°C, rinsed with water 1-2 times every 12 hours, and turned up and down to ensure consistent humidity. After germination for 3-4 days, when 30% of the seed embryos turn light yellow, they can be transferred to low temperature treatment, the temperature is controlled at 0-5°C, the humidity is about 60%, and they are turned 2-3 times a day. After about 2-3 days, they are moved to the leeward side of the outdoors for sun exposure, turned over frequently every day, watered frequently, and kept the seed sand moist. Covered with straw curtains at night, 50% of the germinated white spots are exposed, and sowing can be done; (4) Seedbed preparation After land preparation, apply 5% carbendazim wettable powder in a ratio of 30:1 to the soil and mix well. Make ridges with a length of five meters and a width of one meter. Dig a small ditch at the side of the ridge near the water, with a width of fifteen centimeters and a depth of ten centimeters. The surface of the ridge should be level and fine, and grass roots, stones, bricks should be picked out and slightly pressed down; (5) Sowing Evenly sow the paulownia seeds treated in step (3) on the bed surface; if the buds are slightly long, do not mix with sand to avoid damaging the young buds, and use a broom to dip the seeds and throw them; after sowing, cover with coarse sieved soil, and the soil should be shallow, so that the seeds are not visible. After sowing is completed, cover the bed surface with a layer of straw curtain; (6) Seedling management After sowing, build a 1.5m high trellis. After the seedlings grow two pairs of leaves, remove the covering straw, clear the weeds, and water in time to keep the soil moisture at about 45%.

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