Preparation and application of environment-friendly flower and nursery stock culture medium

Abstract

The invention relates to preparation and application of an environment-friendly flower and nursery stock culture medium, and relates to the technical field of waste resource utilization and non-point source pollution control, the environment-friendly flower and nursery stock culture medium comprises the following components by volume: 30-40 parts of garbage humus soil; 10-20 parts of a mineral material; 6-8 parts of functional bacteria; and 20-25 parts of tea leaf residue. The invention relates to an application of an environment-friendly flower nursery stock culture medium in resource utilization of mineralized refuse humus soil and green nursery stock culture of the mineralized refuse humus soil. According to the method, resource reutilization of the garbage humus soil as the nursery stock cultivation medium can be achieved, environmental emission of pollution factors such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal and micro-plastics in the medium cultivation process is effectively reduced by regulating and controlling formula raw materials and composition of the cultivation medium, and green and low-carbon utilization of the garbage humus soil is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste resource utilization and non-point source pollution control, and in particular to the preparation and application of an environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix. Background Art

[0002] There are many types of garbage in landfills, including domestic garbage (such as kitchen waste), electronic waste (such as batteries, circuit boards, old computers, etc.), metal products, old light bulbs, etc. These garbage are easy to release heavy metal elements during the landfill process, especially those that are not fully sorted and treated. During the landfill process, leachate containing heavy metals will be produced due to factors such as rainwater infiltration and the decomposition of garbage itself. If these leachates are not handled properly, they will become the main source of heavy metal pollution.

[0003] Heavy metal elements are not easily degraded in the soil and have certain mobility and accumulation. Therefore, heavy metals in landfills can easily enter the soil through leachate and other channels, leading to soil heavy metal pollution. This pollution not only affects the ecological function of the soil, but may also threaten human health through the food chain.

[0004] A Chinese patent application with publication number CN106345795A discloses a method for promoting the enrichment and absorption of heavy metals by comfrey from heavy metal contaminated soil. The method for promoting the enrichment and absorption of heavy metals by comfrey from heavy metal contaminated soil comprises: planting comfrey in soil or water bodies contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc, taking field control measures during the growth of the plants, harvesting the mature ground part or the entire comfrey plant when the comfrey grows to maturity and removing it from the contaminated soil, and then repeating the process of planting comfrey in soil contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc and harvesting and removing the comfrey after maturity until the cadmium, lead and zinc content in the soil reaches the environmental quality standard.

[0005] As mentioned above, in the current research, the use of plant restoration technology to remove heavy metals in garbage humus has become a feasible and environmentally friendly solution. However, in the process of using garbage humus as a cultivation matrix for flower seedlings, the inventor found that non-point source pollution factors such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, heavy metals and microplastics in garbage humus are easily lost due to rainwater erosion, thereby causing eutrophication of water bodies, and in particular, the secondary discharge of toxic substances may pose a new threat to the surrounding environment and human health. In the existing garbage humus as a flower seedling planting matrix solution, it is usually not considered to deal with the loss and secondary pollution of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, heavy metals and microplastics in garbage humus in a targeted manner. This increases the environmental risks in the resource utilization of garbage humus. Therefore, the inventor provides an environmentally friendly flower seedling cultivation matrix and its application, which not only realizes the resource utilization of waste and reduces the burden on the environment, but also reduces the use of traditional raw materials. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing an environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate and its application.

[0007] The following is a description and analysis of the technical solution: An environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 30-40 parts of garbage humus soil; 10-20 parts of mineral materials; 6-8 parts of functional bacteria; and 20-25 parts of tea residues.

[0008] In the scheme, garbage humus soil is the main source of crop nutrients, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and other macroelements and a variety of trace elements. These elements can be gradually released for crop absorption and utilization through the decomposition of microorganisms, thus meeting the needs of crop growth; garbage humus soil has a certain ability to absorb water and retain fertilizer, which can maintain moisture and nutrients in the soil to a certain extent, reducing nutrient loss and waste. Using garbage humus soil as a cultivation matrix can not only better retain the fertility in the matrix, but also better promote the absorption of heavy metals by plants, play a better role in the remediation of contaminated soil, and reduce the pollution emissions of heavy metal elements in the matrix. At the same time, mineral materials and functional bacteria are used to further adjust the matrix environment, which can not only better retain the fertility of the matrix and promote plant growth, but also help the enrichment of pollutants in plants.

[0009] The mineral material includes bentonite and chitosan, and the mass ratio of the bentonite to the chitosan is 1:(0.5-1).

[0010] The above scheme specifically discloses mineral materials, among which bentonite and chitin are both good water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining materials, which can effectively reduce the loss of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Moreover, chitin and bentonite, as good chelating agents, can first chelate with heavy metals and elements required for plant growth in the soil, thereby not only reducing the loss of heavy metals and essential elements, but also continuously providing nutrients and heavy metal elements to plants during the plant growth cycle, which not only promotes plant growth, but also is more conducive to the enrichment of heavy metal elements. During the inventor's experiments, it was found that this method can migrate heavy metals in the garbage humus matrix to the aboveground part of the plant, thereby reducing the concentration of heavy metals in the garbage humus.

[0011] The mineral material also includes potassium humate, and the mass ratio of potassium humate to bentonite is (0.5~1):1.

[0012] Potassium humate was added to the improved solution. Potassium humate can improve the soil aggregate structure, loosen the soil, and increase the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water. Potassium humate provides the necessary carbon and nitrogen sources for the activities of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, promotes the massive reproduction of microorganisms, and thus improves the utilization rate of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Bentonite also has the function of improving soil structure and increasing the ability to retain water and fertilizer. These effects can be further enhanced when used together with potassium humate. Chitosan has the function of promoting the secretion of sucrose degrading enzymes and activating cells in plants. The combination of potassium humate and chitosan can further promote plant growth and stress resistance, thereby helping plants to better absorb and enrich heavy metals.

[0013] The functional bacteria include actinomycetes, bacillus, trichoderma, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0014] The above scheme discloses the functional bacteria in detail, among which actinomycetes have the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium release, and promote the growth of plant roots and the absorption of nutrients and heavy metal elements by improving the soil microecological environment; Bacillus has the function of decomposing organic matter and promoting the reproduction of soil microorganisms; Trichoderma promotes the growth and development of crop roots by improving the soil microecological environment; Trichoderma, together with actinomycetes, Bacillus and other microorganisms, constitute a biological control system in the soil, reducing the use of chemical pesticides; nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia nitrogen, provide nitrogen nutrition for plants, and increase the nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil through nitrogen fixation, thereby improving soil fertility; the interaction between the above four microorganisms not only promotes plant growth, but also reduces the use of chemical pesticides, helps plants play a role in the subsequent heavy metal enrichment process, and helps to improve the microecological environment of the substrate.

[0015] Among them, it is also necessary to point out that the bentonite in the scheme can be used as a carrier for microorganisms such as Bacillus due to its excellent air permeability, water retention and rich minerals, providing a good growth environment for them. The use of bentonite and microbial functional agents can further improve the soil structure and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. Chitin has a significant promoting effect on the proliferation of microorganisms such as actinomycetes. The use of the two together can increase the number and activity of soil microorganisms. The synergistic effect of chitin and microorganisms such as Trichoderma can also enhance the biological control effect of soil-borne diseases. Potassium humate synergizes with microorganisms such as actinomycetes and Bacillus to increase the number and activity of soil microorganisms, further promote crop growth and enhance stress resistance.

[0016] The environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix also includes 2 to 4 parts by weight of citric acid and 2 to 4 parts by weight of tartaric acid.

[0017] The inventor further added citric acid and tartaric acid, which can decompose minerals in the soil and promote the release of nutrients. Citric acid and tartaric acid can combine with heavy metal ions in the soil to form stable complexes, which are gradually released during plant growth, which is beneficial to plant enrichment and absorption. Citric acid and tartaric acid can be used as one of the carbon sources for actinomycetes. In the process of using these organic acids, actinomycetes will produce antibiotics and other metabolites, which have a positive impact on soil health and crop growth. Bacillus can use citric acid and tartaric acid as carbon sources for growth metabolism, thereby enhancing its competitiveness in the soil; at the same time, these organic acids promote Bacillus to produce beneficial metabolites, such as antibiotics and plant growth regulators.

[0018] Bentonite has good adsorption and water retention properties, and can adsorb organic acid molecules such as citric acid and tartaric acid, thereby slowing down their release rate and making the change of soil pH more stable. At the same time, organic acids can also promote bentonite to adsorb and fix heavy metal ions in the soil, which are then absorbed and enriched by plants.

[0019] The method for preparing the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate comprises the following steps: S1, pre-treating the garbage humus soil to remove impurities in the garbage humus soil; S2, mixing the remaining components with garbage humus soil to produce a new type of flower seedling cultivation medium.

[0020] Before the humus soil is used, it is pretreated, the impurities therein are filtered and removed, and then the remaining components are fully mixed with the humus soil. Through this simple process, an environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix is ​​obtained, which is convenient for subsequent use.

[0021] An application of an environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate in reducing pollutant transfer, fixing substrate nutrients, and promoting waste resource utilization. The application comprises the following steps: Step 1: Mix garbage humus soil and auxiliary materials in a certain proportion to prepare a new flower seedling cultivation medium; Step 2: Planting plants in the new substrate and regularly monitoring plant growth and substrate nutrients; Step 3: Harvest the plants and evaluate the effect of the cultivation medium made of garbage humus on plant growth and the residual pollutants When applying this environmentally friendly flower seedling cultivation matrix, first mix the garbage humus soil with auxiliary materials. After a certain period of stabilization, plant the plants for repair, and choose the appropriate planting time and frequency according to the characteristics of the plants. Subsequently, harvest and test the heavy metal content of the plants and soil, and compare them with the previous soil heavy metal content data.

[0022] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. In the plan, garbage humus soil, as the main source of crop nutrients, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and other macroelements as well as a variety of trace elements. These elements can be gradually released for crops to absorb and utilize after being decomposed by microorganisms, thus meeting the needs of crop growth; humus soil has a certain ability to absorb water and retain fertilizer, and can maintain moisture and nutrients in the soil to a certain extent, reducing nutrient loss and waste. Combining humus soil as a cultivation matrix with plant restoration can not only better retain the fertility in the soil, but also better enrich heavy metals in plants, playing a better role in soil restoration. At the same time, combined with mineral materials and functional bacteria, the soil environment can be further adjusted, which can not only better retain soil fertility and promote plant growth, but also help to enrich heavy metals in plants; 2. Bentonite and chitin in the mineral materials are both good water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining materials, which can reduce the loss of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Moreover, chitin and bentonite, as good chelating agents, can first chelate with heavy metals and elements required for plant growth in the soil, thereby not only reducing the loss of heavy metals and essential elements, but also continuously providing nutrient elements and heavy metal elements to plants during the plant growth cycle, which not only promotes plant growth, but also is more conducive to the enrichment of heavy metal elements. In the process of the inventor's experiment, it was found that this method can speed up the process of heavy metal treatment in the area and shorten the time; 3. Citric acid and tartaric acid are further added. Citric acid and tartaric acid can decompose minerals in the soil and promote the release of nutrients. Citric acid and tartaric acid can combine with heavy metal ions in the soil to form stable complexes, which are gradually released during plant growth, which is beneficial to plant enrichment and absorption. Citric acid and tartaric acid can be used as one of the carbon sources for actinomycetes. In the process of using these organic acids, actinomycetes will produce antibiotics and other metabolites, which have a positive impact on soil health and crop growth. Bacillus can use citric acid and tartaric acid as carbon sources for growth and metabolism, thereby enhancing its competitiveness in the soil; at the same time, these organic acids promote Bacillus to produce beneficial metabolites, such as antibiotics and plant growth regulators; 4. Bentonite has good adsorption and water retention properties. It can adsorb organic acid molecules such as citric acid and tartaric acid, thereby slowing down their release rate and making the change of soil pH more stable. At the same time, organic acids can also promote bentonite to adsorb and fix heavy metal ions in the soil, which are then absorbed and enriched by plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 : Effects of leaching events on TN (a), TP (b), TOC (c) and COD (d), (W and L) represent garbage humus soil plus tea residue and peat, respectively, while 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the ratios of 80%:20%, 60%:40% and 40%:60%, respectively. Trends in leaching concentrations of total nitrogen TN (a), total phosphorus TP (b), total organic carbon TOC (c) and chemical oxygen demand COD (d) after rainfall.

[0024] Figure 2 : Effects of leaching events on heavy metal concentrations, (W and L) represent garbage humus soil plus tea residue and peat, respectively, while 1, 2, and 3 correspond to ratios of 80%:20%, 60%:40%, and 40%:60%, respectively. Trends in heavy metal concentrations in leachate after rainfall.

[0025] Figure 3 : Effect of leaching events on microplastic concentrations, (W and L) represent garbage humus soil plus tea residue and peat, respectively, while 1, 2, and 3 correspond to ratios of 80%:20%, 60%:40%, and 40%:60%, respectively. Trends in microplastics in leachate after rainfall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is described in further detail below. Example 1

[0027] An environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of garbage humus soil. Before using the garbage humus soil, it needs to be filtered to remove impurities and non-soil components; 15 parts of mineral materials, the mineral materials include bentonite, chitin and potassium humate, wherein the mass ratio of bentonite, chitin and potassium humate is 1:0.75:0.75; 7 functional bacteria, including actinomycetes, Bacillus, Trichoderma, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, among which actinomycetes, Bacillus, Trichoderma, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were added in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the strains used were from our research group; 23 parts of tea dregs; 3 parts of citric acid; 3 parts of tartaric acid.

[0028] When preparing the novel flower seedling cultivation medium, S1, pre-treat the garbage humus soil, filter and sieve out impurities (stones, bricks, plastics, glass, etc.) therein, and crush the coarse particles of the humus soil through a 5 mm sieve. S2, mix and stir other components with the sieved garbage humus soil to obtain the cultivation medium.

[0029] When applying the environmentally friendly flower seedling cultivation matrix, the following steps are included: step one, mixing garbage humus soil with auxiliary materials to prepare a new type of cultivation matrix; step two, adding water to the matrix to keep the matrix humidity at 50-60% of the maximum water content and stabilize it for 10-15 days; step three, planting red-leaf photinia enriched with heavy metals in the stabilized matrix; step four, harvesting the red-leaf photinia, and testing the heavy metal content of the harvested plants and the repaired soil. Example 2-3

[0030] The difference between Example 2-3 and Example 1 is that the weight parts of humus soil added are different, 30 parts are added in Example 2, and 40 parts are added in Example 3. Embodiment 4-5

[0031] The difference between Example 4-5 and Example 1 is that the weight parts of the mineral material added are different, 10 parts are added in Example 4, and 20 parts are added in Example 5. Embodiment 6-7

[0032] The difference between Example 6-7 and Example 1 is that the weight portions of functional bacteria added are different, 6 portions are added in Example 6, and 8 portions are added in Example 7. Embodiment 8-9

[0033] The difference between Example 8-9 and Example 1 is that the weight parts of tea residues added are different, 20 parts are added in Example 8, and 25 parts are added in Example 9. Embodiment 10-11

[0034] The difference between Examples 10-11 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of bentonite to chitosan is different. The mass ratio of bentonite to chitosan in Example 10 is 1:0.5, while that in Example 11 is 1:1. Examples 12-13

[0035] The difference between Examples 12-13 and Example 1 is that the mass ratio of potassium humate to bentonite is different. The mass ratio of potassium humate to bentonite in Example 12 is 0.5:1, while that in Example 13 is 1:1. Examples 14-15

[0036] The difference between Examples 14-15 and Example 1 is that the weight parts of citric acid added are different, 2 parts for Example 16 and 4 parts for Example 17. Examples 16-17

[0037] The difference between Examples 16-17 and Example 1 is that the weight portions of tartaric acid added are different, 2 portions for Example 18 and 4 portions for Example 19. Embodiment 18

[0038] The difference between Example 18 and Example 1 is that the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix does not include citric acid. Embodiment 19

[0039] The difference between Example 19 and Example 1 is that the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix does not include tartaric acid. Embodiment 20

[0040] The difference between Example 20 and Example 1 is that the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix does not include citric acid and tartaric acid. Comparative Example 1

[0041] When plants are enriched with heavy metals, the environmentally friendly flower seedling cultivation medium is not added. Comparative Example 2

[0042] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix of Comparative Example 2 does not include humus soil. Comparative Example 3

[0043] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix of Comparative Example 3 does not include mineral materials. Comparative Example 4

[0044] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix of Comparative Example 4 does not include functional bacteria. Comparative Example 5

[0045] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that the environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate of Comparative Example 5 does not include tea residues.

[0046] Results and analysis: 1. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the heavy metal content in the harvested plants of Examples 1-17 was higher than that in the plants of Comparative Example 1, and the heavy metal content in the soil after restoration was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1, achieving a good soil restoration effect, reducing the content of heavy metals in the soil, and also maintaining the fertility of the soil to a certain extent. And after six rainfall events, Figure 1 , the leaching concentrations of total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand gradually decreased to below 15 mg / L and 25 mg / L, while the leaching concentrations of total phosphorus and total organic carbon showed a stable trend. Figure 2 The leaching concentration of heavy metals is generally within the safe level. Figure 3 The average leaching content of microplastics is between 0-500 pieces / L, which is at level IV risk. Although the concentration of leached pollutants gradually increases as the amount of garbage humus added increases. Therefore, when the amount of garbage humus added is 40%, the risk of secondary pollution to the environment is low, which provides a theoretical basis for the safe use of this matrix and a reference for its sustainable use and effective management.

[0047] 3. Compared with Example 1, Example 18-20 does not include citric acid, Example 19 does not include tartaric acid, and Example 20 does not include citric acid and tartaric acid. The growth of plants in Examples 18-20 is not as good as that in Example 1, and the heavy metal content of plants in Example 1 is higher than that in Examples 18-20, indicating that citric acid and tartaric acid can promote the enrichment and absorption of heavy metals by plants. After analysis, because citric acid and tartaric acid can decompose minerals in the soil and promote the release of nutrients, citric acid and tartaric acid can combine with heavy metals in the soil to form a stable complex, which is gradually released during the growth of plants, which is beneficial to the enrichment and absorption of plants. Citric acid and tartaric acid can be used as one of the carbon sources for actinomycetes. In the process of using these organic acids, actinomycetes will produce antibiotics and other metabolites, which have a positive impact on soil health and crop growth. Bacillus can use citric acid and tartaric acid as carbon sources for growth metabolism, thereby enhancing its competitiveness in the soil; at the same time, these organic acids promote Bacillus to produce beneficial metabolites, such as antibiotics and plant growth regulators. At the same time, bentonite has good adsorption and water retention properties, and can adsorb organic acid molecules such as citric acid and tartaric acid, thereby slowing down their release rate and making the change of soil pH more stable. At the same time, organic acids can also promote bentonite to adsorb and fix heavy metal ions in the soil, and then be absorbed and enriched by plants.

[0048] 4. Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 2 does not include humus soil, and the plant growth of Comparative Example 2 is not as good as that of Example 1, and the heavy metal content of plants in Comparative Example 2 is lower than that of Example 1, because humus soil, as the main source of crop nutrients, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and other macroelements and a variety of trace elements, these elements can be gradually released for crop absorption and utilization after decomposition by microorganisms, thereby meeting the needs of crop growth; humus soil has a certain ability to absorb water and retain fertilizer, and can maintain moisture and nutrients in the soil to a certain extent, reducing nutrient loss and waste. Using garbage humus soil as a cultivation matrix can not only better retain the fertility in the soil, but also better enrich heavy metals in plants, playing a better role in soil repair. At the same time, mineral materials and functional bacteria are used to further adjust the soil environment, which not only better retains soil fertility and promotes plant growth, but also helps to enrich heavy metals in plants.

[0049] 5. Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 3 does not include mineral materials. The mineral materials include bentonite, chitin and potassium humate. The lack of these mineral materials affects the growth of plants and the absorption of heavy metals, and also has a certain impact on the water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil. Bentonite and chitin are both good water and fertilizer retention materials, which can reduce the loss of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Moreover, chitin and bentonite, as good chelating agents, can first chelate with heavy metals and elements required for plant growth in the soil, thereby not only reducing the loss of heavy metals and elements required for growth, but also continuously providing nutrients and heavy metal elements to plants during the plant growth cycle, which not only promotes plant growth, but also is more conducive to the enrichment of heavy metal elements; potassium humate is added, potassium humate can improve the soil aggregate structure, make the soil loose, and increase the soil's fertilizer and water retention capacity; potassium humate provides the required carbon source and nitrogen source for the activities of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, promotes the massive reproduction of microorganisms, thereby improving the utilization rate of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Bentonite also has the function of improving soil structure and increasing water and fertilizer retention capacity. These effects can be further enhanced when used together with potassium humate. Chitosan has the function of promoting plants to secrete sucrose degrading enzymes and activating cells. The combination of potassium humate and chitosan can further promote plant growth and stress resistance, thereby helping plants to better absorb and enrich heavy metals.

[0050] 6. Comparative Example 4 Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 4 does not include functional bacteria, and the functional bacteria include actinomycetes, Bacillus, Trichoderma, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The lack of the functional bacteria has a relatively large impact on the soil environment, and then affects the plant growth and heavy metal absorption. Among them, actinomycetes have the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium release, and by improving the soil microecological environment, promote the growth and development of plant roots, and help plants absorb nutrients and heavy metal elements; Bacillus has the function of decomposing organic matter and promoting the reproduction of soil microorganisms; Trichoderma promotes the growth and development of crop roots by improving the soil microecological environment; Trichoderma and microorganisms such as actinomycetes and Bacillus together constitute a biological control system in the soil, reducing the use of chemical pesticides; nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into ammonia nitrogen, provide nitrogen nutrition for plants, and increase the nitrogen content in the soil through nitrogen fixation, thereby improving soil fertility; the above four microorganisms interact with each other, which not only promotes plant growth, but also reduces the use of chemical pesticides, helps plants to contribute to the subsequent enrichment and absorption of heavy metals, and also contributes to the improvement of the soil environment.

[0051] 7. Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 5 does not include tea residues. Tea residues can also provide nutrients and help plants absorb heavy metals. The lack of tea residues also has a certain impact on plant growth and the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals. The effect of Comparative Example 5 is not as good as that of Example 1.

[0052] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, a person skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed, but as long as it is within the scope of the present application, it shall be protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in volume ratio: 30-40 parts of garbage humus soil; 10-20 parts of mineral materials; 6-8 parts of functional bacteria; and 20-25 parts of tea residues.

2. The environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mineral material includes bentonite and chitosan, and the mass ratio of the bentonite to the chitosan is 1:(0.5-1).

3. The environmentally friendly flower seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mineral material also includes potassium humate, and the mass ratio of potassium humate to bentonite is (0.5~1):

1.

4. The environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional bacteria include actinomycetes, bacillus, trichoderma, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

5. The environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes 2 to 4 parts by weight of citric acid and 2 to 4 parts by weight of tartaric acid.

6. The environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method for preparing a flower and seedling cultivation medium comprises the following steps: S1, pre-treating garbage humus soil to remove impurities in the garbage humus soil and crushing the soil to pass through a 5 mm sieve; S2, fully mixing the sieved and impurity-free garbage humus soil with mineral materials, functional bacteria, tea residues and other materials to produce a novel flower and seedling cultivation medium.

7. Application of an environmentally friendly flower and seedling cultivation substrate in reducing pollutant transfer, fixing substrate nutrients and promoting waste resource utilization.

8. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: Mix garbage humus soil with auxiliary materials in a certain proportion to prepare a new flower seedling cultivation medium; Step 2: Plant plants in the new medium and regularly monitor plant growth and medium nutrients; Step 3: Harvest plants and evaluate the promotion effect of the cultivation medium made of garbage humus soil on plant growth and the residual and migration of pollutants.

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