Construction method of protection system suitable for corrosive silt silt coast

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of silt silt coast restoration, in particular to a protection system construction method suitable for an erosive silt silt coast, which adopts engineering measures such as a water-permeable offshore submerged embankment and a riprap protection bank on the seaside of a vegetation restoration area to dissipate waves, and adopts the riprap protection bank to prevent a high beach from being further eroded. By reserving the tide passageway, the vegetation restoration area is kept to be communicated with a water system of an open sea, more suitable conditions are provided for vegetation restoration, and the survival rate of plants for vegetation restoration on an erosive beach is increased. The degraded wetland habitat of an erosive beach is recovered, the structural integrity and the functional stability of a coastal zone ecological system are improved, the capability of resisting marine disasters is improved, and the regional ecological safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of silt sand and muddy coast restoration, in particular to a method for constructing a protection system suitable for an erosive silt sand and muddy coast. Background Art

[0002] The erosive silt-sand coastal wetlands are strongly affected by tides. Coastal erosion causes the degradation of coastal wetland ecosystems, low vegetation coverage, reduced biodiversity, and threats to regional ecological security. Therefore, an effective beach protection system is needed to cope with the risk of coastal erosion disasters.

[0003] The factors that affect coastal erosion are significantly diverse, and the erosion mechanism is significantly regional. This requires that when formulating protective measures, local specific natural conditions and human activities must be taken into account. Existing protection systems often fail to effectively promote the restoration and reconstruction of salt marshes and other ecosystems, lack ecological restoration functions, and cannot support the protection of biodiversity. Existing protection measures often lack comprehensiveness and fail to effectively combine local and macro, natural and engineering management strategies. As the scope of coastal erosion expands, a sustainable erosion coastal management strategy is urgently needed to cope with the complex coastal environment.

[0004] In recent years, "soft" coastal protection technologies such as beach maintenance have gradually emerged, providing technical support for the sustainability of coastal erosion protection and restoration effects. This shows that eco-friendly "soft" technologies should be considered in the construction of protection systems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The protection system for erosive silt and muddy coasts proposed in the present invention provides a complete, reasonable and effective method for constructing a protection system for erosive silt and muddy coasts based on the damage to the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem and the need for restoration, so as to restore the damaged and degraded coastal tidal flat wetland vegetation to the greatest extent, improve the quality of the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem, enhance the service function of the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem, and maintain the stability of the beach.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for constructing a protection system suitable for an erosive silt-sand coast, wherein the erosive silt-sand coast terrain is repaired from the sea side to the land side according to the treatment area, and the method comprises the following steps: S1: Lay interlocking soft blocks under the sea side submerged dike to resist waves; S2: Create oyster reef habitats in the gaps between twisted king blocks and boulders; S3: Set up a permeable offshore submerged dike, using a permeable structure of twisted blocks + blocks + two pieces of stone + geotextile, with the dike top elevation lower than the average high tide level; S4: Establish a light beach with naturally or artificially formed tidal channels distributed on the beach and restore the benthic animal community; S5: Arrange according to the terrain of the erosion front, adopt a permeable structure of block stone + two-piece stone. When there are multiple levels of beaches on the shore, carry out stone protection step by step to prevent the high beach from further erosion. Reserve a tidal entrance and exit at 400m~1200m; S6: Establish vegetation restoration areas, giving priority to native species to improve plant adaptability and survival rate; S7: Setting up shallow water area: by digging and filling up, creating a shallow water area with ups and downs, relatively gentle, irregular shapes and edges, the water depth of the shallow water area is 0.4m~1.2m; S8: Set up deep water ditches: dig deep to form a circle of concave deep water area inside the dam to meet the habitat and foraging needs of water birds, and reserve flowing water to ensure that the bottom water will not freeze in winter, providing a wintering shelter for wetland aquatic animals to rest, grow and hide. The water depth of the deep water area is 1.2m~2.0m; S9: Set up ecological aquaculture ponds: The outermost pond stalks facing the sea are sloped to the beach surface, reeds are planted on the slopes, and tidal water is introduced through the tidal inlet and outlet reserved by riprap; S10: Establish ecological seawall: Under the premise of ensuring the safety of the seawall, increase the porosity of the outer surface to create a habitat for vegetation and microorganisms; The step S6 of restoring vegetation in the vegetation restoration area comprises the following steps: Beach environmental assessment: Conduct a comprehensive environmental assessment of silt-sand coastal wetlands to determine the key parameters that affect plant growth; Vegetation selection: Native species should be given priority in vegetation restoration. Combined with the distribution of local salt marsh plants and planting conditions, vegetation that is adapted to the surrounding ecological environment should be configured to avoid affecting the surrounding salt marsh wetlands and important bird habitats. The following salt marsh plants can be used: Suaeda, Salicornia, Imperata, Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites australis, Paspalum marinum, Spartina alterniflora, Croton tiglium, Artemisia capillaris, Zoysia macrostachia, Erigeron breviscapus, Scirpus marinum, Thick vine, and Atriplex creeping; Vegetation planting: Before salt marsh vegetation restoration, the terrain within the site should be appropriately reshaped as needed, and rich landforms should be formed through elevation adjustment and tidal ditch shaping. The selected vegetation should be configured according to its appropriate elevation to improve the survival rate of plants; Vegetation maintenance and management: Regularly conduct surveys on salt marsh vegetation, animal species and numbers to monitor changes and health status of silt-sand coastal wetland ecosystems, and replant plants when necessary; promptly remove invasive species to prevent them from damaging salt marsh wetland ecosystems.

[0007] The vegetation is divided into four groups for strip configuration from land to sea: ① Phragmites australis → ② Imperata cylindrica and / or Imperata cylindrica → ③ Zoysia macrostachia and / or Paspalum sutchuenensis and / or Croton tiglium → ④ Suaeda salsa, and mixed plantings can be made within the group; when configuring plants, the groups and species of vegetation can be adjusted according to the width, elevation, and total salt content of the shore, but the relative positions of the group distribution from land to sea remain unchanged.

[0008] In the vegetation restoration area, tidal gullies are shaped to serve as channels for the rise and fall of tides in the restoration area and provide habitats for organisms.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention adopts engineering measures such as permeable offshore submerged dikes and riprap embankments on the seaward side of the vegetation restoration area to eliminate waves, adopts riprap embankments to prevent further erosion of high beaches, and maintains the connection between the vegetation restoration area and the water system of the open sea by reserving tidal inlets and outlets, providing more suitable conditions for vegetation restoration and improving the survival rate of plants for vegetation restoration on erosive beaches. It restores the degraded wetland habitat of erosive beaches, improves the structural integrity and functional stability of coastal ecosystems, improves the ability to resist marine disasters, and ensures regional ecological security. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the protection system for erosive silt sand coast Figure 2 Schematic diagram of terrain shaping in the vegetation restoration area in the embodiment Figure 3 Schematic diagram of plant configuration in the vegetation restoration area in the embodiment The accompanying drawings in the figure are marked as follows: 1. Interlocking block soft-body row; 2. Oyster reef; 3. Permeable offshore submerged dike; 4. Bare beach; 5. Riprap protection bank; 6. Vegetation restoration area; 7. Shallow water area; 8. Deep ditch; 9. Ecological breeding pond; 10. Ecological seawall DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] The protective system for erosive silty sand and muddy coast proposed by the present invention combines engineering measures with salt marsh vegetation restoration, plays a role in disaster prevention and mitigation services, resists erosion in a more environmentally friendly way, and restores the ecology. According to the damage to the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem and the need for restoration, a complete, reasonable, and effective method for constructing an erosive silty sand and muddy coast protective system is provided to restore the damaged and degraded coastal tidal flat wetland vegetation to the greatest extent, improve the quality of the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem, enhance the service function of the coastal tidal flat wetland ecosystem, and maintain the stability of the shore. Example

[0013] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment describes in detail a method for constructing a protection system suitable for an erosive silty sand coast. The method gradually repairs the coastline from the sea side to the land side according to the topographic characteristics of the treatment area to ensure the stability of the coastline and the restoration of the ecology.

[0014] Step S1: Laying interlocking block soft row First, interlocking blocks are laid under the seaside submerged dike. The soft raft is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant materials, and the interlocking blocks are tightly connected to form a solid line of defense to effectively resist the erosion of waves. This step is crucial to protecting the coastline from the impact of waves.

[0015] Step S2: Create oyster reef habitat Next, we will create oyster reef habitats in the gaps between the twisted blocks and the rocks. By artificially placing oyster seedlings or using the natural oyster attachment ability, oysters will grow and reproduce in the gaps to form oyster reefs. Oyster reefs can not only further stabilize the coastline, but also provide habitats for marine life and enhance the ecological function of the coastline.

[0016] Step S3: Setting up a permeable offshore submerged dike Then, a permeable offshore submerged dike is set up. The submerged dike adopts a permeable structure of twisted blocks + blocks + two pieces of stone + geotextile. The elevation of the dike top is lower than the average high tide level to ensure smooth drainage under the action of tides. This permeable structure helps reduce the scouring effect of waves on the beach while maintaining the natural exchange of water.

[0017] Step S4: Establishing a light beach and restoring benthic animal communities A light beach is set up behind the submerged dike, on which naturally or artificially formed tidal gullies are distributed. The existence of tidal gullies facilitates the flow and exchange of water bodies, providing a rich living environment for benthic animals. Restoring benthic animal communities on the light beach, such as releasing shellfish and crabs, can further enrich the biodiversity of the coastline.

[0018] Step S5: Multi-level riprap protection Arrange according to the terrain of the erosion front, and use a permeable structure of block stone + two pieces of stone for riprap protection. When there are multiple levels of beaches on the shore, riprap is carried out step by step to prevent the high beaches from further erosion. A tidal inlet and outlet is reserved within the range of 400m~1200m to ensure the natural flow and exchange of water.

[0019] Step S6: Establishing vegetation restoration area Vegetation restoration areas are set up on the beach, and local species are given priority for planting. The vegetation restoration process includes beach environment assessment, vegetation selection, vegetation planting and vegetation maintenance and management. Rich landforms are formed through elevation adjustment, tidal gully shaping and other means, and the selected vegetation is configured according to the appropriate elevation to improve the survival rate of plants. From land to sea, it is divided into four groups for strip configuration, and mixed planting can be carried out within the group. Regular surveys of vegetation, animal species and numbers are carried out to monitor changes and health of the ecosystem.

[0020] Step S7: Setting the shallow water area By digging and filling, a shallow water area with irregular shapes and edges is created on the beach. The depth of the shallow water area is controlled between 0.4m and 1.2m, providing a suitable habitat for aquatic organisms.

[0021] Step S8: Setting up deep trenches The base is dug deep to form a circle of concave deep water area inside the dam to meet the habitat and foraging needs of water birds. The water depth of the deep water area is controlled between 1.2m and 2.0m, and flowing water is reserved to ensure that the bottom water will not freeze in winter. The deep water area provides a wintering shelter for wetland aquatic animals.

[0022] Step S9: Setting up ecological breeding pond The outermost pond stalk facing the sea is sloped to the beach, and reeds are planted on the slope. Tidal water is introduced through the tidal inlet and outlet reserved by the riprap to form an ecological breeding pond. Fish, shellfish and other aquatic products can be cultured in the breeding pond, further enriching the ecological function and economic value of the coastline.

[0023] Step S10: Building an ecological seawall Under the premise of ensuring the safety of the seawall, the porosity of the outer surface is increased to create habitats for vegetation, microorganisms, etc. The construction of ecological seawalls not only helps to stabilize the coastline, but also enhances the ecological value of the coastline and provides more habitats and breeding places for marine life.

[0024] Through the implementation of the above steps, this embodiment successfully constructs a protection system suitable for erosive silt sand coast. The system can not only effectively resist the erosion of waves, but also promote the ecological restoration of the coastline and the protection of biodiversity, providing strong support for the sustainable development of coastal areas.

[0025] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention, and any reference numerals in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a protection system suitable for an erosive silt and muddy coast, characterized in that: According to the treatment area, the erosive silt and mud coastal terrain is repaired from the sea side to the land side, including the following steps: S1: Lay interlocking soft blocks under the sea side submerged dike to resist waves; S2: Create oyster reef habitats in the gaps between twisted king blocks and boulders; S3: Set up a permeable offshore submerged dike, using a permeable structure of twisted blocks + blocks + two pieces of stone + geotextile, with the dike top elevation lower than the average high tide level; S4: Establish a light beach with naturally or artificially formed tidal channels distributed on it, and release benthic animals to restore the community; S5: Arrange according to the terrain of the erosion front, adopt a permeable structure of block stone + two-piece stone, and when there are multiple levels of beach, carry out stone protection step by step to prevent the high beach from further erosion, and reserve tidal entrances and exits at 400m~1200m; S6: Establish vegetation restoration areas, giving priority to native species to improve plant adaptability and survival rate; S7: Setting up shallow water area: by digging and filling up, creating a shallow water area with ups and downs, relatively gentle, irregular shapes and edges, the water depth of the shallow water area is 0.4m~1.2m; S8: Set up deep water ditches: dig deep to form a circle of concave deep water area inside the dam to meet the habitat and foraging needs of water birds, and reserve flowing water to ensure that the bottom water will not freeze in winter, providing a wintering shelter for wetland aquatic animals to rest, grow and hide. The water depth of the deep water area is 1.2m~2.0m; S9: Set up ecological aquaculture ponds: The outermost pond stalks facing the sea are sloped to the beach surface, reeds are planted on the slopes, and tidal water is introduced through the tidal inlet and outlet reserved by riprap; S10: Establish ecological seawall: Under the premise of ensuring the safety of the seawall, increase the porosity of the outer surface to create a habitat for vegetation and microorganisms.

2. A method for constructing a protection system suitable for an erosive silt and muddy coast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 of restoring vegetation in the vegetation restoration area comprises the following steps: Beach environmental assessment: Conduct a comprehensive environmental assessment of silt-sand coastal wetlands to determine the key parameters that affect plant growth; Vegetation selection: Native species should be given priority in vegetation restoration. Combined with the distribution of local salt marsh plants and planting conditions, vegetation that is adapted to the surrounding ecological environment should be configured to avoid affecting the surrounding salt marsh wetlands and important bird habitats. The following salt marsh plants can be used: Suaeda, Salicornia, Imperata, Imperata cylindrica, Phragmites australis, Paspalum marinum, Spartina alterniflora, Croton tiglium, Artemisia capillaris, Zoysia macrostachia, Erigeron breviscapus, Scirpus marinum, Thick vine, and Atriplex creeping; Vegetation planting: Before salt marsh vegetation restoration, the terrain within the site should be appropriately reshaped as needed, and rich landforms should be formed through elevation adjustment and tidal ditch shaping. The selected vegetation should be configured according to its appropriate elevation to improve the survival rate of plants; Vegetation maintenance and management: including regular surveys of salt marsh vegetation, animal species and numbers to monitor changes and health of silt-sand coastal wetland ecosystems, and replanting of plants when necessary; timely removal of invasive species to prevent damage to salt marsh wetland ecosystems.

3. A method for constructing a protection system suitable for an erosive silt sand and muddy coast according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation is divided into four groups for strip configuration from land to sea: ① Phragmites australis → ② Imperata cylindrica and / or Imperata cylindrica → ③ Zoysia macrostachia and / or Paspalum sutchuenensis and / or Croton tiglium → ④ Suaeda salsa, and mixed plantings can be made within the group; when configuring plants, the groups and species of vegetation can be adjusted according to the width, elevation, and total salt content of the shore, but the relative positions of the group distribution from land to sea remain unchanged.

4. A method for constructing a protection system suitable for an erosive silt sand and muddy coast according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the vegetation restoration area, tidal gullies are shaped to serve as channels for the rise and fall of tides in the restoration area and provide habitats for organisms.

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