Downlink loop operation in non-terrestrial networks

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive ephemeris information associated with a satellite and timing advance parameters associated with the satellite. The UE may modify at least one of a downlink frequency tracking loop (FTL) or a downlink time tracking loop (TTL) based at least in part on the ephemeris information. The UE may receive a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 807,033, filed on June 15, 2022, entitled “DOWNLINK LOOP OPERATION IN A NON-TERRESTRIAL NETWORK” and assigned to the assignee of this application. The disclosure of the prior application is considered a part of and incorporated by reference into this patent application. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for downlink loop operations in non-terrestrial networks. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0005] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communications for wireless communication devices, such as user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to a communication link from a network node to a UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to a communication link from a UE to a network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communications, such as via a local link (e.g., a side link (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, etc.).

[0006] The above-mentioned multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at a city, country, region and / or global level. New Radio (NR), which may be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectrum efficiency, reducing costs, improving services, utilizing new spectrum, and using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM and / or single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink to better integrate with other open standards, as well as supporting beamforming, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR and other radio access technologies remain useful. Summary of the invention

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite. The method may include modifying at least one of a downlink frequency tracking loop (FTL) or a downlink time tracking loop (TTL) based at least in part on the ephemeris information. The method may include receiving a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite. The one or more processors may be configured to modify at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a UE. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the instruction set may cause the UE to receive ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the instruction set may cause the UE to modify at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information. When executed by one or more processors of the UE, the instruction set may cause the UE to receive a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite. The apparatus may include means for modifying at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information. The apparatus may include means for receiving a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

[0011] The various aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the drawings and description and as illustrated in the drawings and description.

[0012] The features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite broadly above so that the following specific embodiments may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be easily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitations of the claims.

[0013] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The technology described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The equipment incorporating the various aspects and features described may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or summers). The various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in various devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes and configurations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to fully understand the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure, a more specific description of the invention briefly summarized above can be obtained by referring to various aspects (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings). However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, as the specification may admit other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0015] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a regenerative satellite deployment and an example of a transparent satellite deployment in a non-terrestrial network.

[0018] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication process between a UE and a non-terrestrial network node in a wireless communication network according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frequency tracking loop block diagram according to the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a UE according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. Instead, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the protection scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods implemented using other structures, functionality, or structures and functionality in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the present invention.

[0023] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0024] Although various aspects may be described herein using terms generally associated with 5G or new radio (NR) radio access technologies (RATs), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other RATs, such as 3G RATs, 4G RATs, and / or post-5G RATs (e.g., 6G).

[0025] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 may be a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network and / or elements of a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, as well as other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. The network node 110 is a network node that communicates with the UE 120. As shown in the figure, the network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 may be a converged network node, which means that the converged network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single radio access network (RAN) node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, the network node 110 may be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), which means that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0026] In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with the UE 120 via a radio access link, such as an RU. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or communicates with a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, the network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. The network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 via various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks, using any suitable transport network.

[0027] In some examples, the network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of ​​the network node 110 and / or the network node subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. The network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by a UE 120 associated with the femto cell (e.g., a UE 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. Figure 1 In the example shown in , network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​a cell may move depending on the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0028] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a clustered base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a number of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeat the execution of at least a portion of the function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one of the base station functions but not the other. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0029] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that can receive transmissions of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit transmissions of data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that is capable of relaying transmissions for other UEs 120. Figure 1 In the example shown in , a network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with a network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and a UE 120d to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, a relay, etc.

[0030] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, etc. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and / or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while a pico network node, a femto network node, and a relay network node may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts).

[0031] In some examples, and as Figure 1 As shown, the cell may be provided by a non-terrestrial network node 110b of a non-terrestrial network (NTN). The non-terrestrial network node 110b may also be referred to as a non-terrestrial base station or a non-terrestrial access point. "NTN" may represent a network that can be accessed at least in part based on a non-terrestrial network node (e.g., a non-terrestrial network node 110b). In some NTN deployments, the non-terrestrial network node 110b may be located on an airborne platform or an orbital platform. Examples of such platforms include satellites (e.g., low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites, and / or geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites), balloons, airships, airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and / or drones.

[0032] Alternatively or additionally, in some NTN deployments (e.g., transparent architecture or bent pipe architecture), non-terrestrial network node 110b may act as a relay station to relay communications between UE 120 and terrestrial network node 110a (e.g., a ground base station located on the ground or on a tower). In this case, non-terrestrial network node 110b may perform frequency conversion and / or radio frequency amplification on the communications relayed between UE 120 and terrestrial network node 110a. For example, UE 120 may send uplink communications to non-terrestrial network node 110b, which may relay the uplink communications to terrestrial network node 110a (e.g., after performing frequency conversion and / or radio frequency amplification). Terrestrial network node 110a may perform additional processing on the uplink communications and / or may send the uplink communications to the core network. As another example, the ground network node 110a may send downlink communications to the non-ground network node 110b, which may relay the downlink communications to the UE 120 (e.g., after performing frequency conversion and / or radio frequency amplification). In some aspects, the UE 120 and / or the ground network node 110a may be referred to as a ground station (GS).

[0033] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or in communication with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless backhaul communication link or a wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0034] UE 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be fixed or mobile. UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, and / or a subscriber unit. UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0035] Some UEs 120 may be considered as machine type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs and / or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and / or location tags, which may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered as Internet of Things (IoT) devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered as customer premises equipment. UE 120 may be included in a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component and / or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, a processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory component (e.g., a memory) may be operationally coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and / or electrically coupled.

[0036] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. RAT may be referred to as a radio technology, air interface, etc. Frequency may be referred to as a carrier, frequency channel, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0037] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other) using one or more side link channels. For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0038] The devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using an electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., according to frequency or wavelength. For example, the devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz–7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz–52.6 GHz). It should be understood that, although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as a “below 6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar naming problem sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) identified as a “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0039] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz–24.25 GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz–71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz–114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz–300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0040] Considering the above examples, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that if the term "below 6 GHz" or the like is used herein, the term may broadly refer to frequencies that may be lower than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, the term may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0041] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communications manager 140. As described in greater detail elsewhere herein, communications manager 140 may receive ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite; modify at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information, and receive a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL. Additionally or alternatively, communications manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0042] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 Different than described.

[0043] Figure 2 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 communicating with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100 according to the present disclosure. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R antennas (R≥1). The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as an antenna 234 and a modem 254. In some examples, the network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include a radio frequency component that facilitates direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0044] At the network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for a UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) from a data source 212. The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for the UE 120 based at least in part on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE 120, and may provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modulators) (shown as modems 232a to 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (eg, T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (eg, T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a through 234t).

[0045] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 and / or other network nodes 110 and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a to 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and / or a CQI parameter, among other things. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0046] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0047] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t and / or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or be included within one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, and / or one or more antenna arrays, etc. Antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and / or antenna arrays may include one or more antenna elements (in a single housing or multiple housings), sets of coplanar antenna elements, sets of non-coplanar antenna elements, and / or coupled to one or more transmit and / or receive components (such as, Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components in.

[0048] On the uplink, at the UE 120, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from the data source 262 and control information from the controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and sent to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, and / or a TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (eg, controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform the functions described herein (eg, reference Figures 4 to 7 ) or any aspect of any of the methods described herein.

[0049] At the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 and / or other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 232), detected by the MIMO detector 236 (where applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink communication and / or uplink communication. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and / or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform the operations described herein (e.g., reference 2 Figures 4 to 7 ) or any aspect of any of the methods described herein.

[0050] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other components in the UE 120 may perform one or more techniques associated with downlink loop operation in a non-terrestrial network, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, and / or Figure 2 Any other component of the Figure 6 600 and / or other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and / or memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores one or more instructions (e.g., code and / or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 and / or UE 120 (e.g., directly executed, or executed after compilation, conversion, and / or interpretation), may cause one or more processors, UE 120, and / or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, Figure 6 The process 600 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, etc.

[0051] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., UE 120) includes: means for receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite; means for modifying at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information; and / or means for receiving a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL. Means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: a communications manager 140, an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, or a memory 282.

[0052] Although Figure 2 The blocks in the 200 and 210 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above for these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described for the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0053] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2Different than described.

[0054] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or components. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR base station (BS), a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP or a cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent base station or a monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. "Network entity" or "network node" may refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or a combination thereof).

[0055] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A decomposed base station (e.g., a decomposed network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), and the like.

[0056] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a decomposed base station may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A decomposed base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a decomposed base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0057] Figure 3is a diagram illustrating an example 300 of a regenerative satellite deployment and an example 310 of a transparent satellite deployment in a non-terrestrial network.

[0058] Example 300 illustrates a regenerative satellite deployment in which a first UE 120-1 is served by a satellite 320 via a service link 330-1. In some aspects, the satellite 320 may include base station capabilities (e.g., capabilities associated with the network node 110a and / or gNB) and may be referred to as a non-terrestrial base station, a regenerative repeater, or an onboard processing repeater. Based at least in part on the inclusion of base station capabilities, the satellite 320 may demodulate uplink radio frequency signals and may modulate baseband signals derived from the uplink radio signals to produce downlink radio frequency transmissions. For illustration, the satellite 320 may transmit downlink radio frequency signals on the service link 330-1. The satellite 320 may provide network access to the UE 120-1 within a coverage area (e.g., a cell coverage area). The first UE 120-1 may include global navigation satellite system (GNSS) capabilities or global positioning system (GPS) capabilities.

[0059] Example 310 shows a transparent satellite deployment, which may also be referred to as a bent-pipe satellite deployment. In example 310, a second UE 120-2 is served by a satellite 340 via a service link 330-2, where the satellite 340 may be referred to as a transparent satellite. For illustration, the satellite 340 may act as a relay by receiving a signal from a gateway 350 via a feeder link 360 and relaying the signal to the UE 120-2 via the service link 330-2. Alternatively or additionally, the satellite 340 may receive an uplink radio frequency transmission from the UE 120-2 via the service link 330-2, and may relay the uplink radio frequency transmission to the gateway 350 via the feeder link 360 without demodulating the uplink radio frequency transmission. In some aspects, the satellite 340 may perform a frequency conversion on the uplink radio frequency transmission from a first frequency (e.g., associated with the service link 330-2) to a second frequency (e.g., associated with the feeder link 360), and may amplify and / or filter the uplink radio frequency transmission. Satellite 340 may provide network access to UE 120-2 when UE 120-2 operates in a coverage area associated with satellite 340. Second UE 120-2 may include GNSS capability or GPS capability.

[0060] As shown in example 310, satellite 340 and UE 120-2 may communicate with each other based at least in part on service link 330-2. Service link 330-2 may include an uplink for sending uplink communications (e.g., from UE 120-2 to gateway 350 via satellite 340) and / or a downlink for sending downlink communications (e.g., from gateway 350 to UE 120-2 via satellite 340). In a similar manner, satellite 340 and gateway 350 may communicate with each other based at least in part on feeder link 360, which may include an uplink for sending uplink communications and / or a downlink for sending downlink communications.

[0061] Due to the movement of satellites 320 and 340 and / or the movement of UE 120-1 or UE 120-2, feeder link 360, service link 330-1, and / or service link 330-2 may each experience a Doppler shift. Based at least in part on the speed of the satellite movement, the Doppler shift associated with the satellite movement may be significantly greater than the Doppler shift associated with the ground network. In some aspects, the sender device may pre-compensate for the satellite-based Doppler shift. For illustration, the feeder link 360 between the gateway 350 and the satellite 340 may be a 1:1 link between a single sender device and a single receiver device. Based at least in part on the feeder link 360 being a 1:1 link, the gateway 350 and / or another network node may estimate the feeder link Doppler shift and pre-compensate (e.g., modify the transmitted signal) to mitigate the Doppler shift observed by the satellite 340. However, satellite 340 may communicate with multiple UEs at different locations based at least in part on a 1:N link, where N is an integer that may be greater than 1. For illustration, satellite 340 may broadcast information that is received and processed by N UEs at different locations. The different locations of the receiving UEs may cause each UE to observe a different serving link Doppler shift. Therefore, satellite 340 may avoid applying pre-compensation for the serving link Doppler shift based at least in part on the 1:N link and the variation in the serving link Doppler shift observed between each UE.

[0062] The satellite-based Doppler shift can be observed by the UE as a timing drift and / or a frequency drift. The timing drift, which may also be referred to as a clock drift, may represent a time deviation from an absolute time or a reference time, while the frequency drift may represent a frequency deviation from an absolute frequency or a reference frequency. The timing drift and / or frequency drift based on the satellite-based Doppler shift may cause the UE to fail to receive a downlink signal from satellite 320 and / or satellite 340. As an example, the satellite-based Doppler shift may cause the time tracking loop (TTL) at the UE to incorrectly estimate the timing drift, and cause the time reference at the UE to be out of sync with the time reference at the network node, and cause a recovery error. In a similar manner, the satellite-based Doppler shift may cause the frequency tracking loop (FTL) at the UE to incorrectly estimate the frequency drift, and cause the UE to tune the receiver to an incorrect frequency. An unsynchronized time reference and / or an incorrectly tuned receiver may cause communication loss and / or an increase in bit errors.

[0063] Some techniques and devices described herein provide downlink loop operations in non-terrestrial networks. A UE may receive ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance (TA) parameter associated with the satellite. In some aspects, the TA parameter may be associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network node. Based at least in part on the ephemeris information, the UE may modify at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL. Alternatively or additionally, the UE may modify the downlink TTL and / or the downlink FTL based at least in part on the TA parameter. In some aspects, the UE may receive a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

[0064] As an example, the UE may calculate a first Doppler shift associated with a service link between the satellite and the UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information, and calculate a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and the network node based at least in part on the TA parameter and / or the ephemeris information. The UE may then modify the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift. By calculating a satellite-based Doppler shift (e.g., a first Doppler shift associated with a service link and / or a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link), the UE may modify the TTL and / or FTL to mitigate timing errors and / or frequency errors based at least in part on the satellite-based Doppler shift. Mitigating the effects of the satellite-based Doppler shift may improve the way the UE receives downlink signals, reduce recovery errors, and / or reduce communication losses between the UE, satellite, and / or network node.

[0065] As indicated above, Figure 3are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 Different than described.

[0066] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of a wireless communication process between a UE 120 and a non-terrestrial network node 402 (eg, non-terrestrial network node 110b) in a wireless communication network according to the present disclosure.

[0067] As indicated by reference numeral 410, non-terrestrial network node 402 may transmit non-terrestrial network information and UE 120 may receive the non-terrestrial network information. As one example, non-terrestrial network node 402 may transmit non-terrestrial network information based at least in part on a system information block (SIB).

[0068] The non-terrestrial network information may include any combination of information associated with the non-terrestrial network and / or one or more devices operating in the non-terrestrial network. As an example, the non-terrestrial information may include ephemeris information associated with a satellite (e.g., timing information, current position and / or location, predicted position and / or predicted location, trajectory and / or orbit information, epoch time, satellite velocity vector, satellite position vector, and / or satellite identifier). In some aspects, the ephemeris information may be associated with a satellite serving the UE 120. In at least one example, the ephemeris information may be communicated by the non-terrestrial network node 402 based at least in part on a positioning, velocity, time (PVT) format. For illustration, the PVT information may indicate Cartesian coordinates based on a common reference point (e.g., the center of the earth), wherein the Cartesian coordinates characterize the movement of the serving satellite (e.g., positioning, velocity, and / or time information). Alternatively or additionally, the non-terrestrial information may include one or more parameters characterizing a feeder link between a satellite serving the UE 120 and a ground station, such as a TA parameter associated with the feeder link. Ephemeris information and / or feeder link parameters (eg, TA parameters) may be based at least in part on the epoch time.

[0069] As shown in reference numeral 420, UE 120 may calculate a first Doppler shift associated with a service link between UE 120 and a serving satellite. Alternatively or additionally, UE 120 may calculate a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between a serving satellite and a ground station. For illustration, UE 120 may calculate the service link Doppler shift based at least in part on ephemeris information. Alternatively or additionally, UE 120 may calculate the feeder link Doppler shift based at least in part on TA parameters and / or ephemeris information. In some aspects, the feeder link Doppler shift calculated by UE 120 may be referred to as an equivalent feeder link Doppler shift, wherein UE 120 may not observe the equivalent feeder link Doppler shift in the received signal based at least in part on pre-compensation applied at a network node (e.g., gateway 350).

[0070] The ephemeris information based at least in part on the PVT format may indicate a satellite position vector at epoch time T, which may be expressed as:

[0071] P 卫星 (T) (1)

[0072] Alternatively or additionally, the ephemeris information may indicate the satellite velocity vector at epoch time T, which may be expressed as:

[0073] V 卫星 (T) (2)

[0074] Based at least in part on the satellite position vector, UE 120 may calculate the satellite acceleration vector at time t using the following equation:

[0075]

[0076] Where g represents the gravitational acceleration associated with the satellite. The gravitational acceleration may be calculated based at least in part on the satellite's altitude and the gravitational constant. The UE 120 may also calculate the satellite position vector update at time t+Δt using the following equation:

[0077] P 卫星 (t+Δt)=P 卫星 (t)+Δt*V 卫星 (t)(4)

[0078] In some aspects, UE 120 may calculate the satellite velocity vector update at time t+Δt using the following equation:

[0079] V 卫星 (t+Δt)=V 卫星 (t)+Δt*A 卫星 (t) (5)

[0080] As described further below, UE 120 may use any combination of (1) through (5) to calculate the serving link Doppler shift based at least in part on satellite positioning and / or satellite velocity.

[0081] UE 120 may alternatively or additionally calculate UE positioning and / or UE location to determine the service link Doppler shift. For illustration, the UE may calculate the UE positioning and / or UE location based at least in part on GNSS information. For example, UE 120 may calculate a GNSS positioning correction associated with the UE based at least in part on acquiring one or more satellite signals (e.g., three satellite signals). The GNSS positioning correction may represent the location of the device, which is directly derived from the acquisition of one or more satellite signals at time t. In some aspects, UE 120 may calculate a UE position vector based at least in part on the GNSS positioning correction determined at time t, which may be expressed as:

[0082] P UE (t) (6)

[0083] Alternatively or additionally, UE 120 may calculate a UE velocity vector (e.g., based at least in part on a UE position vector at a GNSS positioning fix) using the following equation:

[0084]

[0085] Where T represents the time gap between two consecutive GNSS fixes. Using the UE velocity vector, UE 120 may calculate the UE acceleration vector based at least in part on the following equation:

[0086]

[0087] Each time the UE calculates an updated GNSS positioning fix, the UE may update the UE position vector, the UE velocity vector and / or the UE acceleration vector.

[0088] In some aspects, UE 120 may calculate updated GNSS positioning corrections at a first periodic interval and calculate one or more UE position vector updates at a second shorter periodic interval (e.g., shorter than the first periodic interval). As an example, UE 120 may calculate the UE position vector update using the following equation:

[0089] P UE (t+Δt)=P UE (t)+Δt*V UE (t)(9)

[0090] Alternatively or additionally, the UE may calculate one or more UE velocity vector updates at a second shorter periodic interval using the following equation:

[0091] V UE (t+Δt)=V UE (t)+Δt*A UE (t) (10)

[0092] Thus, UE 120 may calculate GNSS positioning corrections at a first longer periodic interval and calculate UE position vector updates and / or UE velocity vector updates at a second shorter periodic interval (e.g., between GNSS positioning correction calculations) based at least in part on (6) to (10). Calculating GNSS positioning corrections at longer time intervals may reduce service interruption and / or preserve resources (e.g., computing resources) of UE 120 for other processes.

[0093] In some aspects, UE 120 may calculate the serving link Doppler shift based at least in part on the following equation:

[0094]

[0095] where c is the speed of light and f c In some aspects, UE 120 may periodically calculate the serving link Doppler shift (eg, once every Δt at a second shorter periodic interval between GNSS positioning correction updates) and update TTL and / or FTL to mitigate timing error and frequency error.

[0096] In some aspects, the UE 120 may calculate the feeder link Doppler shift based at least in part on the propagation delay associated with the feeder link. As an example, the UE 120 may calculate the propagation delay associated with the feeder link based at least in part on one or more TA parameters, such as common TA parameters that may be used by multiple devices. For illustration, the UE 120 may receive and / or recover the TA parameters and associated epoch times based at least in part on receiving the SIB. The UE 120 may use the TA parameters (e.g., common TA parameters) to calculate one or more propagation delays using the following equation:

[0097]

[0098] Where T is the epoch time associated with the TA parameter, the first drift and the second drift each represent a time drift at a corresponding time, and the drift change can be calculated as:

[0099] Drift change = second drift - first drift (15)

[0100] Based at least in part on the above propagation delay definition, UE 120 may calculate a downlink propagation delay associated with the feeder link based at least in part on the following equation:

[0101] T 馈电链路 (t) = D 馈电链路 (T)+D 馈电链路-第一漂移 (tT)+D 馈电链路-第二漂移 (tT) 2 (16)

[0102] UE 120 may calculate the feeder link Doppler shift at time t based at least in part on the downlink propagation delay as:

[0103]

[0104] where f c represents the carrier frequency and Δt is the time difference used in the drift calculation equation:

[0105] T 漂移 (t) = T 馈电链路 (t)-T 馈电链路 (t-Δt) (18)

[0106] Similar to the serving link Doppler shift, UE 120 may calculate the feeder link Doppler shift at a second shorter periodic interval between common TA parameter updates by the non-terrestrial network.

[0107] As shown by reference numeral 430, the UE 120 may modify the downlink TTL and / or the downlink FTL based at least in part on the serving link Doppler shift and / or the feeder link Doppler shift. In some aspects, the UE 120 may modify the downlink TTL and / or the downlink FTL based at least in part on the feeder link parameters (e.g., TA parameters). For illustration, the downlink FTL may calculate a frequency error and apply a frequency correction at the receiver front end to mitigate the frequency error, such as with respect to Figure 5 As further described. Applying frequency correction can improve reception of signals and subsequently improve recovery of information (e.g., by reducing bit errors and / or increasing data throughput). However, calculating frequency error without taking into account the effects of Doppler shift drift due to the serving link can result in erroneous corrections at the receiver front end, which can result in increased bit errors, reduced data throughput, and / or loss of communications.

[0108] Based at least in part on equation (11) above, UE 120 may calculate the serving link Doppler shift drift based at least in part on the following equation:

[0109] F 服务链路漂移 (t+Δt)=F 服务链路 (t+Δt)-F 服务链路 (t) (19)

[0110] UE 120 may remove the calculated service link Doppler shift from the measured FTL error. As an example, UE 120 may generate the measured FTL error based at least in part on a measurement reference signal, such as a tracking reference signal and / or a synchronization signal block. UE 120 may calculate a frequency correction to remove the effects associated with the service link Doppler shift drift based at least in part on the following equation:

[0111] F 误差 =F FTL测量的误差 -F 服务链路漂移 (20)

[0112] To further illustrate, (as regards Figure 5 It is further shown that the total frequency error can be defined as:

[0113] F 总 (t+Δt)=F 总 (t)+F 服务链路漂移 (t+Δt)+F 滤波后的误差 (t) (21) Among them, F 总 (t) represents the total frequency error input and / or observed at the input of the downlink FTL loop, and F 滤波后的误差 (t) represents F 误差 A filtered version of (t), such as Figure 5 shown.

[0114] In some aspects, the UE 120 may modify the downlink TTL based at least in part on determining a sampling rate correction value, such as a variable sampling rate conversion (VSRC) correction value. For illustration, the UE 120 may calculate the sampling rate correction value based at least in part on aligning an analog-to-digital (ADC) converter at a receiver of the UE with a digital-to-analog (DAC) converter at a transmitting device. As an example, the UE 120 may determine the sampling rate correction value based at least in part on a serving link Doppler shift and / or a feeder link Doppler shift. The UE 120 may determine the initial sampling rate correction value based at least in part on the following equation:

[0115] F VSRC (t) = F 总 (t)+F 馈电链路 (t) (22)

[0116] Alternatively or additionally, UE 120 may calculate an update to the sampling rate correction value based at least in part on the following equation:

[0117] F VSRC (t+Δt)=F 总 (t+Δt)+F 馈电链路(t+Δt) (23)

[0118] In some aspects, the UE 120 may update the feeder link Doppler shift based at least in part on receiving updated common TA parameters. For illustration, the UE 120 may calculate the updated feeder link propagation delay based at least in part on any combination of (12) to (18) above. In some aspects, the UE 120 may update the system timer based at least in part on calculating a sampling rate correction value, such as by applying the correction value to a system timer associated with an ADC converter. As shown in reference numeral 440, the non-terrestrial network node 402 may send a downlink communication, and the UE 120 may receive the downlink communication. In some aspects, the UE 120 may receive the downlink communication based at least in part on modifying the TTL and / or FTL, as described with respect to reference numeral 430.

[0119] As shown in reference numerals 450 and 460, the UE 120 and / or the non-terrestrial network node 402 may iteratively perform one or more signaling transactions and / or actions shown in example 400. For illustration, and as shown in reference numeral 450, the UE 120 may iteratively calculate an updated service link Doppler shift and / or an updated feeder link Doppler shift. As an example, the UE 120 may iteratively calculate an updated satellite position and / or an updated satellite velocity at a second shorter periodic interval (e.g., based at least in part on at least one of a satellite position vector, a satellite velocity vector, a satellite acceleration vector, a satellite position vector update, or a satellite velocity vector update). The UE 120 may then recalculate the service link Doppler shift based at least in part on the updated satellite position and / or the updated satellite velocity. In some aspects, the UE 120 may iteratively calculate the feeder link Doppler shift at a periodic interval (e.g., a second shorter periodic interval).

[0120] Alternatively or additionally, UE 120 may iteratively calculate an updated service link Doppler shift based at least in part on calculating an updated UE position and / or an updated UE velocity. As an example, UE 120 may calculate an updated GNSS positioning correction at a first periodic interval and calculate an updated UE position and / or an updated UE velocity based at least in part on the updated GNSS positioning correction (e.g., at the same interval and / or at a second shorter periodic interval). Then, UE 120 may modify the downlink FTL and / or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the updated service link Doppler shift and / or the updated feeder link Doppler shift.

[0121] In some aspects, and as shown by reference numeral 460, the UE 120 may receive updated ephemeris information indicating any combination of an updated satellite position vector, an updated satellite velocity vector, and / or updated common TA parameters. Based at least in part on the updated ephemeris information, the UE 120 may calculate an updated satellite acceleration vector, an additional satellite position vector update, and / or an additional satellite velocity vector update. The UE 120 may then recalculate a service link Doppler shift based at least in part on the updated satellite position vector, the updated satellite velocity vector, the updated satellite acceleration vector, the additional satellite position vector update, and / or the additional satellite velocity vector update. In some aspects, the UE 120 may modify the downlink FTL and / or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the recalculated service link Doppler shift. Alternatively or additionally, UE 120 may recalculate a feeder link Doppler shift based at least in part on receiving updated common TA parameters and / or updated epoch times, and modify the downlink FTL and / or downlink TTL based at least in part on the recalculated feeder link Doppler shift.

[0122] By calculating the satellite-based Doppler shift (e.g., a first Doppler shift associated with the serving link and / or a second Doppler shift associated with the feeder link), the UE may modify the TTL and / or FTL to mitigate timing errors and / or frequency errors based at least in part on the satellite-based Doppler shift. Mitigating the effects of the satellite-based Doppler shift may improve the manner in which the UE receives downlink signals by reducing recovery errors and / or reducing communication losses between the UE, satellite, and / or network nodes.

[0123] As indicated above, Figure 4 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 4 Different than described.

[0124] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a FTL block diagram according to the present disclosure. In some aspects, a UE (eg, UE 120 or device 700) may implement aspects of the FTL using any combination of software, firmware, and / or hardware.

[0125] In some aspects, a receiving device such as UE 120 may estimate the observed frequency error and apply corrections to the front-end receiver to improve the alignment between the demodulated carrier frequency observed at the receiving device and the carrier frequency initiated by the transmitting device (e.g., non-terrestrial network node 402). The estimate of the observed total frequency error may be expressed as F 总(t). The observed total frequency error may include a first frequency error associated with a clock drift and / or a local oscillator drift at the receiver and a second frequency error associated with a Doppler shift (e.g., a service link Doppler shift). In some aspects, the receiver front-end correction module 510 may apply frequency correction to the receiver hardware so that the receiver hardware outputs a modified signal.

[0126] The frequency error measurement module 520 may calculate a frequency error measurement (illustrated by example 500 as F) based at least in part on a modified signal generated by the (corrected) receiver hardware. 测量的误差 ). For illustration, the frequency error measurement module 520 may calculate the difference between the expected frequency of the reference signal and the measured frequency of the received reference signal. In some aspects, the frequency error measurement module 520 may calculate the frequency error measurement result at a periodic interval (e.g., 20 milliseconds) associated with the transmission of the reference signal.

[0127] As shown in example 500, the FTL may remove an observed frequency error associated with a service link Doppler shift drift from the frequency error measurement. "Doppler shift drift" may refer to a change in Doppler shift observed over a period of time (e.g., Δt) that is based at least in part on a change in movement and / or positioning of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device. In some aspects, a service link Doppler shift drift calculation module 530 may calculate the service link Doppler shift drift based at least in part on equation (19) as described above, and remove the observed change from the measured frequency error. For example, the FTL may include a subtraction module 540 that removes the service link Doppler shift drift from the frequency error measurement. The corrected frequency error from which the service link Doppler shift drift is removed may be represented as F 误差 (t).

[0128] In some aspects, the FTL may include a filtering module 550 that receives a frequency error as an input and generates a filtered frequency error value (shown as F in example 500). 滤波后的误差 (t)). For illustration, the filtering module 550 may remove fluctuations in the frequency error that are based at least in part on noise. As shown by reference numeral 560, the FTL may apply corrections to the receiver hardware based at least in part on the filtered frequency error.

[0129] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 Different than described.

[0130] Figure 6is a diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, by a UE in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 600 is an example of a UE (eg, UE 120) performing operations associated with downlink loop operations in a non-terrestrial network.

[0131] like Figure 6 As shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite (block 610). For example, a UE (e.g., using Figure 7 The depicted communications manager 140 and / or receiving component 702) can receive ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite, as described above.

[0132] like Figure 6 As further shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include modifying at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information (block 620). Figure 7 The depicted communications manager 140 and / or loop modification component 708) can modify at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information, as described above.

[0133] like Figure 6 As further shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include receiving a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL (block 630). Figure 7 The depicted communication manager 140 and / or receiving component 702) can receive a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL, as described above. By modifying the TTL and / or FTL based at least in part on the satellite-based Doppler shift, the UE can mitigate the effects of the satellite-based Doppler shift and improve the manner in which the UE receives the downlink signal. For example, the modification of the TTL and / or FTL can reduce recovery errors and / or reduce communication losses between the UE, the satellite, and / or the network node.

[0134] Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0135] In a first aspect, process 600 includes calculating a first Doppler shift associated with a serving link between the satellite and the UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information, and calculating a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network entity based at least in part on the timing advance parameter. In some aspects, modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL may include modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift.

[0136] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, calculating the first Doppler shift may include calculating the first Doppler shift based at least in part on GNSS information associated with the UE.

[0137] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 600 includes: calculating a UE position and a UE velocity based at least in part on at least one of: a UE position vector based at least in part on a GNSS position correction associated with the UE, a UE velocity vector based at least in part on the GNSS position correction associated with the UE, a UE acceleration vector based at least in part on the UE velocity vector, a UE position vector update, or a UE velocity vector update. In some aspects, calculating the first Doppler shift may be based at least in part on the UE position and the UE velocity.

[0138] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, process 600 comprises calculating updated GNSS positioning corrections at a first periodic interval, and calculating updated UE positioning and updated UE velocity at a second periodic interval, wherein the first periodic interval is longer than the second periodic interval.

[0139] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, process 600 includes: calculating an updated first Doppler shift based at least in part on the updated UE location and the updated UE speed, and modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the updated first Doppler shift. Calculating updated Doppler shift information can improve the correction applied to the downlink FTL and / or downlink TTL, and subsequently improve the reception and / or recovery of downlink communications.

[0140] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, calculating the first Doppler shift comprises calculating the first Doppler shift based at least in part on a satellite position associated with the satellite and a satellite velocity associated with the satellite.

[0141] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the ephemeris information is based at least in part on a PVT format and an epoch time, and process 600 includes: calculating the satellite positioning and the satellite velocity based at least in part on the PVT format of the ephemeris information, based at least in part on at least one of the following: a satellite position vector indicated by the ephemeris information, a satellite velocity vector indicated by the ephemeris information, a satellite acceleration vector associated with the satellite, a satellite position vector update associated with the satellite position vector, or a satellite velocity vector update associated with the satellite velocity vector.

[0142] In an eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to seven, process 600 comprises calculating the satellite position and the satellite velocity at periodic intervals based at least in part on at least one of the satellite position vector, the satellite velocity vector, the satellite acceleration vector, the satellite position vector update, or the satellite velocity vector update.

[0143] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, process 600 comprises: receiving updated ephemeris information indicating at least one of an updated satellite position vector or an updated satellite velocity vector; calculating at least one of an updated satellite acceleration vector, an additional satellite position vector update, or an additional satellite velocity vector update based at least in part on the updated ephemeris information; recalculating the first Doppler shift based at least in part on at least one of the updated satellite position vector, the updated satellite velocity vector, the updated satellite acceleration vector, the additional satellite position vector update, or the additional satellite velocity vector update; and modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the recalculated first Doppler shift.

[0144] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, calculating the second Doppler shift comprises calculating the second Doppler shift based at least in part on the timing advance parameter and an epoch time.

[0145] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to tenth aspects, process 600 includes receiving the timing advance parameter and the epoch time based at least in part on a SIB.

[0146] In the twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, calculating the second Doppler frequency shift based at least in part on the timing advance parameter further includes: calculating the propagation delay associated with the feeder link based at least in part on the timing advance parameter, and calculating the second Doppler frequency shift based at least in part on the propagation delay.

[0147] In a thirteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to twelfth, process 600 comprises recalculating the second Doppler frequency shift based at least in part on periodic intervals, and modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the recalculated second Doppler frequency shift.

[0148] In a fourteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to thirteenth aspects, process 600 comprises calculating a frequency correction associated with the downlink FTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift, and modifying the downlink FTL based at least in part on the frequency correction.

[0149] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, process 600 includes: calculating a frequency error associated with the downlink signal based at least in part on a reference signal. In some aspects, calculating the frequency correction includes: calculating the frequency correction based at least in part on removing the first Doppler shift from the frequency error.

[0150] In a sixteenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, the reference signal comprises a tracking reference signal or a synchronization signal block.

[0151] In a seventeenth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to sixteen, process 600 comprises determining a sampling rate correction value based at least in part on the first Doppler frequency shift and the second Doppler frequency shift, and updating a system timer based at least in part on the sampling rate correction value.

[0152] although Figure 6 An example block diagram of process 600 is shown, but in some aspects, process 600 may include Figure 6 Additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in the process 600. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks in the process 600 may be performed in parallel.

[0153] Figure 7is a diagram of an example apparatus 700 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 700 may be a UE, or a UE may include apparatus 700. In some aspects, apparatus 700 includes a receiving component 702 and a transmitting component 704 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 700 may communicate with another apparatus 706 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 702 and transmitting component 704. As further shown, apparatus 700 may include a communication manager 140. Communication manager 140 may include one or more of a loop modification component 708, etc.

[0154] In some aspects, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform Figure 4 and Figure 5 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform one or more of the processes described herein (such as Figure 6 In some aspects, the apparatus 700 and / or Figure 7 One or more of the components shown in the figure may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Figure 7 One or more of the components shown in the figure may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or codes that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and can be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0155] The receiving component 702 may receive communications from the device 706, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. The receiving component 702 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 700. In some aspects, the receiving component 702 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 700. In some aspects, the receiving component 702 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described UE.

[0156] The transmitting component 704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to the device 706. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 700 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 704 for transmission to the device 706. In some aspects, the transmitting component 704 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 706. In some aspects, the transmitting component 704 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described UE. In some aspects, the transmit component 704 can be co-located with the receive component 702 in a transceiver.

[0157] The receiving component 702 can receive ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite. The loop modifying component 708 can modify at least one of a downlink FTL or a downlink TTL based at least in part on the ephemeris information. The receiving component 702 can receive a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

[0158] The loop modification component 708 can calculate a first Doppler shift associated with a serving link between the satellite and the UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information, and calculate a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network entity based at least in part on the timing advance parameter. In some aspects, the loop modification component 708 can modify at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift.

[0159] The loop modification component 708 may calculate the UE position and the UE velocity based at least in part on at least one of: a UE position vector based at least in part on a GNSS position correction associated with the UE, a UE velocity vector based at least in part on the GNSS position correction associated with the UE, a UE acceleration vector based at least in part on the UE velocity vector, a UE position vector update, or a UE velocity vector update. In some aspects, the loop modification component 708 may calculate the first Doppler shift based at least in part on the UE position and the UE velocity.

[0160] The loop modification component 708 may calculate an updated GNSS positioning correction at a first periodic interval. Alternatively or additionally, the loop modification component 708 may calculate an updated UE position and an updated UE velocity at a second periodic interval, wherein the first periodic interval is longer than the second periodic interval. In some aspects, the loop modification component 708 may calculate an updated first Doppler shift based at least in part on the updated UE position and the updated UE velocity. The loop modification component 708 may modify the at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the updated first Doppler shift.

[0161] The loop modification component 708 can calculate the satellite position and the satellite velocity at periodic intervals based at least in part on at least one of the satellite position vector, the satellite velocity vector, the satellite acceleration vector, the satellite position vector updates, or the satellite velocity vector updates.

[0162] Receiving component 702 can receive updated ephemeris information indicating at least one of an updated satellite position vector or an updated satellite velocity vector.

[0163] The loop modification component 708 may calculate at least one of an updated satellite acceleration vector, an additional satellite position vector update, or an additional satellite velocity vector update based at least in part on the updated ephemeris information. In some aspects, the loop modification component 708 may recalculate the first Doppler shift based at least in part on at least one of the updated satellite position vector, the updated satellite velocity vector, the updated satellite acceleration vector, the additional satellite position vector update, or the additional satellite velocity vector update. The loop modification component 708 may modify the at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the recalculated first Doppler shift.

[0164] Receiving component 702 can receive the timing advance parameter and the epoch time based at least in part on a SIB.

[0165] Loop modification component 708 can recalculate the second Doppler shift based at least in part on the periodic interval.In some aspects, loop modification component 708 can modify the at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the recalculated second Doppler shift.

[0166] Loop modification component 708 can calculate a frequency correction associated with the downlink FTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift.In some aspects, loop modification component 708 can modify the downlink FTL based at least in part on the frequency correction.

[0167] Loop modifying component 708 can calculate a frequency error associated with the downlink signal based at least in part on a reference signal, and calculating the frequency correction can include removing the first Doppler shift from the frequency error.

[0168] Loop modification component 708 can determine a sampling rate correction value based at least in part on the first Doppler frequency shift and the second Doppler frequency shift.In some aspects, loop modification component 708 can update a system timer based at least in part on the sampling rate correction value.

[0169] Figure 7 The number and arrangement of components shown in the figure are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Figure 7 Additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown in FIG. Figure 7 Two or more components shown in may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 7 The single component shown in may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 7 The assembly of (one or more) components shown in the executable is described as being composed of Figure 7 Another collection of components shown in the figure performs one or more functions.

[0170] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0171] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite; modifying at least one of a downlink frequency tracking loop (FTL) or a downlink time tracking loop (TTL) based at least in part on the ephemeris information; and receiving a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

[0172] Aspect 2: According to the method of Aspect 1, the method further includes: calculating a first Doppler shift associated with a service link between the satellite and the UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information, and calculating a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network entity based at least in part on the timing advance parameter, wherein modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL further includes: modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift.

[0173] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 2, wherein calculating the first Doppler shift includes: calculating the first Doppler shift based at least in part on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) information associated with the UE.

[0174] Aspect 4: According to the method described in Aspect 3, the method further includes: calculating the UE positioning and UE velocity based at least in part on at least one of the following items: a UE position vector corrected at least in part based on a GNSS positioning associated with the UE, a UE velocity vector corrected at least in part based on the GNSS positioning associated with the UE, a UE acceleration vector at least in part based on the UE velocity vector, a UE position vector update, or a UE velocity vector update, wherein the calculation of the first Doppler shift is based at least in part on the UE positioning and the UE velocity.

[0175] Aspect 5: According to the method described in Aspect 4, the method further includes: calculating updated GNSS positioning corrections at a first periodic interval; and calculating updated UE positioning and updated UE speed at a second periodic interval, wherein the first periodic interval is longer than the second periodic interval.

[0176] Aspect 6: According to the method of Aspect 5, the method further includes: calculating an updated first Doppler frequency shift based at least in part on the updated UE positioning and the updated UE speed; and modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the updated first Doppler frequency shift.

[0177] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 2 to 6, wherein calculating the first Doppler shift comprises: calculating the first Doppler shift based at least in part on a satellite position associated with the satellite and a satellite velocity associated with the satellite.

[0178] Aspect 8: A method according to Aspect 7, wherein the ephemeris information is based at least in part on a position, velocity, time (PVT) format and an epoch time, and the method further comprises: calculating the satellite position and the satellite velocity based at least in part on the PVT format of the ephemeris information, based at least in part on at least one of the following: a satellite position vector indicated by the ephemeris information, a satellite velocity vector indicated by the ephemeris information, a satellite acceleration vector associated with the satellite, a satellite position vector update associated with the satellite position vector, or a satellite velocity vector update associated with the satellite velocity vector.

[0179] Aspect 9: According to the method of Aspect 8, the method further includes: calculating the satellite positioning and the satellite velocity at periodic intervals based at least in part on at least one of the satellite position vector, the satellite velocity vector, the satellite acceleration vector, the satellite position vector update or the satellite velocity vector update.

[0180] Aspect 10: According to the method of Aspect 8, the method further includes: receiving updated ephemeris information, the updated ephemeris information indicating at least one of an updated satellite position vector or an updated satellite velocity vector; calculating at least one of an updated satellite acceleration vector, an additional satellite position vector update, or an additional satellite velocity vector update based at least in part on the updated ephemeris information; recalculating the first Doppler shift based at least in part on at least one of the updated satellite position vector, the updated satellite velocity vector, the updated satellite acceleration vector, the additional satellite position vector update, or the additional satellite velocity vector update; and modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the recalculated first Doppler shift.

[0181] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 2 to 10, wherein calculating the second Doppler shift comprises: calculating the second Doppler shift based at least in part on the timing advance parameter and an epoch time.

[0182] Aspect 12: The method according to aspect 11, further comprising: receiving the timing advance parameter and the epoch time based at least in part on a system information block (SIB).

[0183] Aspect 13: The method according to Aspect 11 or Aspect 12, wherein calculating the second Doppler shift based at least in part on the timing advance parameter further includes: calculating the propagation delay associated with the feeder link based at least in part on the timing advance parameter; and calculating the second Doppler shift based at least in part on the propagation delay.

[0184] Aspect 14: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 11 to 13, the method further includes: recalculating the second Doppler frequency shift at least partially based on a periodic interval; and modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least partially on the recalculated second Doppler frequency shift.

[0185] Aspect 15: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 2 to 15, the method further comprises: calculating a frequency correction associated with the downlink FTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift; and modifying the downlink FTL based at least in part on the frequency correction.

[0186] Aspect 16: According to the method of Aspect 15, the method further includes: calculating the frequency error associated with the downlink signal at least partially based on a reference signal, wherein calculating the frequency correction further includes: calculating the frequency correction at least partially based on removing the first Doppler shift from the frequency error.

[0187] Aspect 17: The method according to Aspect 16, wherein the reference signal comprises a tracking reference signal or a synchronization signal block.

[0188] Aspect 18: The method according to Aspect 16 or Aspect 17, the method further comprising: determining a sampling rate correction value based at least in part on the first Doppler frequency shift and the second Doppler frequency shift; and updating a system timer based at least in part on the sampling rate correction value.

[0189] Aspect 19: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 1 to 18.

[0190] Aspect 20: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0191] Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0192] Aspect 22: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0193] Aspect 23: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 18.

[0194] While the foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of these aspects.

[0195] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other names, "software" should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads, processes and / or functions implemented, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software. It will be clear that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented by a combination of hardware and / or hardware and software in different forms. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods does not limit various aspects. Therefore, the operation and behavior of the system and / or method are not described herein with reference to specific software codes, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the system and / or method based at least in part on the description herein.

[0196] As used herein, "satisfying a threshold" may refer to a value being greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, etc., depending on the context.

[0197] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features can be combined in a manner that is not specifically described in the claims and / or is not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim combined with each other claim in the claim set. As used herein, the phrase "at least one of" the list of items refers to any combination of these items (which includes a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c and a+b+c, and any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b and c).

[0198] Any element, action or instruction used herein should not be interpreted as key or necessary, unless clearly stated so. In addition, as used herein, the articles "one" and "a kind of" are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more items connected with the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only want to refer to a project, then use the phrase "only one" or similar terms. In addition, as used herein, the terms "have", "have", "have" etc. are intended to be open terms, which do not limit the elements they modify (for example, "having" A elements can also have B). In addition, the phrase "based on" is intended to represent "based at least in part", unless otherwise clearly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "or" when used in a series is intended to be open-ended and may be used interchangeably with "and / or" unless expressly stated otherwise (eg, if used in conjunction with "either" or "only one of").

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to: receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite; modifying at least one of the following based at least in part on the ephemeris information: Downlink Frequency Tracking Loop (FTL), or Downlink Time Tracking Loop (TTL); and A downlink signal is received from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: calculating a first Doppler shift associated with a serving link between the satellite and a UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information and calculating a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network entity based at least in part on the timing advance parameter, Wherein, in order to modify at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL, the one or more processors are configured to: At least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL is modified based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to calculate the first Doppler shift, the one or more processors are configured to: The first Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) information associated with the UE.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The UE position and the UE velocity are calculated based at least in part on at least one of: a UE position vector based at least in part on a GNSS positioning correction associated with the UE, a UE velocity vector based at least in part on the GNSS positioning correction associated with the UE, a UE acceleration vector based at least in part on the UE velocity vector, UE position vector update, or UE velocity vector update, The one or more processors are further configured to calculate the first Doppler shift based at least in part on the UE location and the UE velocity.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: calculating updated GNSS positioning corrections at first periodic intervals; and calculating an updated UE location and an updated UE velocity at a second periodic interval, The first periodic interval is longer than the second periodic interval.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: calculating an updated first Doppler shift based at least in part on the updated UE position and the updated UE velocity; and The at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL is modified based at least in part on the updated first Doppler shift.

7. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to calculate the first Doppler shift, the one or more processors are configured to: The first Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on a satellite position associated with the satellite and a satellite velocity associated with the satellite.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The satellite position and the satellite velocity are calculated based at least in part on the ephemeris information, based at least in part on at least one of: the satellite position vector indicated by the ephemeris information, the satellite velocity vector indicated by the ephemeris information, the satellite acceleration vector associated with the satellite, a satellite position vector update associated with said satellite position vector, or A satellite velocity vector associated with the satellite velocity vector is updated.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The satellite position and the satellite velocity are calculated at periodic intervals based at least in part on at least one of the satellite position vector, the satellite velocity vector, the satellite acceleration vector, the satellite position vector updates, or the satellite velocity vector updates.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: receiving updated ephemeris information, the updated ephemeris information indicating at least one of: the updated satellite position vector, or Updated satellite velocity vector; Based at least in part on the updated ephemeris information, at least one of: Updated satellite acceleration vector, Additional satellite position vector updates, or Additional satellite velocity vector updates; recalculating the first Doppler shift based at least in part on at least one of the updated satellite position vector, the updated satellite velocity vector, the updated satellite acceleration vector, the additional satellite position vector update, or the additional satellite velocity vector update; and The at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL is modified based at least in part on the recalculated first Doppler shift.

11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to calculate the second Doppler shift, the one or more processors are configured to: The second Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on the timing advance parameter and an epoch time.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The timing advance parameter and the epoch time are received based at least in part on a system information block (SIB).

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein to calculate the second Doppler shift based at least in part on the timing advance parameter, the one or more processors are configured to: calculating a propagation delay associated with the feeder link based at least in part on the timing advance parameter; and The second Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on the propagation delay.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: recalculating the second Doppler shift frequency based at least in part on periodic intervals; and The at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL is modified based at least in part on the recalculated second Doppler shift.

15. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: calculating a frequency correction associated with the downlink FTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift; and The downlink FTL is modified based at least in part on the frequency correction.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: calculating a frequency error associated with the downlink signal based at least in part on a reference signal, Wherein, in order to calculate the frequency correction, the one or more processors are configured to: The frequency correction is calculated based at least in part on removing the first Doppler shift from the frequency error.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: determining a sampling rate correction value based at least in part on the first Doppler shift and the second Doppler shift; and A system timer is updated based at least in part on the sampling rate correction value.

18. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite; modifying at least one of the following based at least in part on the ephemeris information: Downlink Frequency Tracking Loop (FTL), or Downlink Time Tracking Loop (TTL); and A downlink signal is received from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising: calculating a first Doppler shift associated with a serving link between the satellite and a UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information and calculating a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network entity based at least in part on the timing advance parameter, Wherein modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL further comprises: At least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL is modified based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein calculating the first Doppler shift comprises: The first Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) information associated with the UE.

21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising: The UE position and the UE velocity are calculated based at least in part on at least one of: a UE position vector based at least in part on a GNSS positioning correction associated with the UE, a UE velocity vector based at least in part on the GNSS positioning correction associated with the UE, a UE acceleration vector based at least in part on the UE velocity vector, UE position vector update, or UE velocity vector update, Wherein calculating the first Doppler shift is based at least in part on the UE location and the UE velocity.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein calculating the first Doppler shift comprises: The first Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on a satellite position associated with the satellite and a satellite velocity associated with the satellite.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the ephemeris information is based at least in part on a position, velocity, time (PVT) format and an epoch time, and the method further comprises: Calculating the satellite position and the satellite velocity based at least in part on the PVT format of the ephemeris information, based at least in part on at least one of: the satellite position vector indicated by the ephemeris information, the satellite velocity vector indicated by the ephemeris information, the satellite acceleration vector associated with the satellite, a satellite position vector update associated with said satellite position vector, or A satellite velocity vector associated with the satellite velocity vector is updated.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein calculating the second Doppler shift comprises: The second Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on the timing advance parameter and an epoch time.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein calculating the second Doppler shift based at least in part on the timing advance parameter further comprises: calculating a propagation delay associated with the feeder link based at least in part on the timing advance parameter; as well as The second Doppler shift is calculated based at least in part on the propagation delay.

26. The method of claim 19, further comprising: calculating a frequency correction associated with the downlink FTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift; as well as The downlink FTL is modified based at least in part on the frequency correction.

27. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising: One or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite; modifying at least one of the following based at least in part on the ephemeris information: Downlink Frequency Tracking Loop (FTL), or Downlink Time Tracking Loop (TTL); and A downlink signal is received from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

28. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 27, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the UE to: calculating a first Doppler shift associated with a serving link between the satellite and a UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information and calculating a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network entity based at least in part on the timing advance parameter, wherein the one or more instructions causing the UE to modify at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL cause the UE to: At least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL is modified based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift.

29. An apparatus, comprising: means for receiving ephemeris information associated with a satellite and a timing advance parameter associated with the satellite; means for modifying, based at least in part on the ephemeris information, at least one of: Downlink Frequency Tracking Loop (FTL), or Downlink Time Tracking Loop (TTL); and Means for receiving a downlink signal from the satellite based at least in part on modifying the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising: means for calculating a first Doppler shift associated with a serving link between the satellite and a UE based at least in part on the ephemeris information and calculating a second Doppler shift associated with a feeder link between the satellite and a network entity based at least in part on the timing advance parameter, wherein the means for modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL further comprises: Means for modifying at least one of the downlink FTL or the downlink TTL based at least in part on the first Doppler shift or the second Doppler shift.

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