Preparation method of blood amber tribute glue

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of blood amber tribute glue. The preparation method comprises the following steps: obtaining whole fresh donkey skin or deer skin as original fresh skin; the original fresh hide is purified to obtain clean wet hide; drying the clean wet leather to obtain dried leather; performing fermentation drying treatment on the dried wrappers to obtain fermented dried wrappers; taking back skins in the fermented dry skins as raw material skins; and gelling the raw material skin to obtain the blood amber tribute glue. According to the application, the raw material skin is finely selected, so that the preparation method and the skin taking part of the raw material skin are unified, the process parameters are unified, the obtained product completely achieves the quality of'being like amber, being warm and moist as jade, being as blood red and being fragrant and mellow ', meanwhile, the content of harmful substances such as nitrite and biogenic amine is also completely eradicated or reduced, and human health is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to a method for preparing hemosuccinimide. Background Art

[0002] At present, the production process of donkey hide gelatin or deer glue is generally as follows: donkey skin or deer skin (sika deer skin, red deer skin) is soaked to remove hair, washed and cut into pieces, peeled and juiced, filtered to remove impurities, evaporated and concentrated (addition of rock sugar, soybean oil, rice wine and other auxiliary materials), mixed, and then concentrated into a thick paste (water content 21-27%), poured into a mold, and then condensed at room temperature for about 12 hours, condensed in a cold storage for about 12 hours, demoulded, cut into small pieces, air-dried, sealed, dried, wiped, and packaged to make edible animal glue with certain functions.

[0003] Traditional Chinese medicine generally believes that donkey-hide gelatin has the following functions: nourishing blood and yin, moistening dryness, and stopping bleeding. It is used to treat blood deficiency and sallow complexion, dizziness and palpitations, muscle atrophy and weakness, restlessness and insomnia, internal wind movement, dry cough, coughing and hemoptysis, vomiting blood and hematuria, bloody stool and metrorrhagia, and pregnancy and fetal leakage. [Quoted from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, 2020 edition]

[0004] Modern research on the composition of donkey-hide gelatin: donkey-hide gelatin is a type of gelatin protein. Hydrolysis can produce a variety of amino acids, mainly glycine, proline, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, histidine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, hydroxyproline, threonine, etc. There are also 20 metal elements, namely potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, aluminum, manganese, zinc, chromium, platinum, tin, lead, silver, bromine, molybdenum, strontium, barium, titanium, and zirconium. [Quoted from: "Chinese Medicine Dictionary", Shanghai Science and Technology Press, compiled by Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine]

[0005] Modern pharmacology believes that donkey-hide gelatin generally has the following effects: 1. Promote hematopoiesis Donkey-hide gelatin can increase the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin and promote hematopoiesis 2. Anti-radiation effect Donkey-hide gelatin has an anti-radiation damage effect after oral administration. 3. Effect on immune function Donkey-hide gelatin can promote the transformation of healthy human lymphocytes 4. Tolerance to hypoxia, cold and fatigue 5. Hemostasis 6. Effect on calcium metabolism 7. Antibody suppression effect [Quoted from: "Chinese Medicine Dictionary", Shanghai Science and Technology Press, compiled by Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine]

[0006] Traditional Chinese medicine generally believes that deer glue [nature and meridians] is salty and warm. It enters the liver and kidney meridians. [Functions and indications] It nourishes the kidney and strengthens the essence, strengthens the tendons and bones. It is used for thin body, back pain, tinnitus, dizziness, weakness and long-term cough, blood in sputum, shortness of breath, irregular menstruation, metrorrhagia, and leukorrhea in women. [Quoted from: Liaoning Provincial Drug Administration issued on February 23, 2024: Deer glue and other three Chinese medicine preparations processing specifications]

[0007] Modern research shows that deerskin glue is rich in various amino acids and trace elements, and has many nutritional and health benefits such as nourishing blood and stopping bleeding, nourishing the kidneys and strengthening yang.

[0008] Although traditional donkey-hide gelatin and deer gelatin have been developed for thousands of years and their production methods have been greatly improved with the assistance of modern equipment and facilities, there are still many defects in the current production process and the edible efficacy of the finished products, which need further improvement and optimization.

[0009] Defect 1: It is difficult to master the cooking time of donkey-hide gelatin and deer gelatin

[0010] The cooking time of traditional donkey-hide gelatin and deer gelatin is difficult to control due to their different raw material sources, production methods and specifications.

[0011] If the cooking time is too short or the heat is too low, the degree of protein hydrolysis in the gelatin will be insufficient and the content of high molecular weight protein will be too high. Although this product is easy to gel during the production process, it is not conducive to digestion and absorption for people with weak spleen and stomach and indigestion, and they are prone to getting angry after taking it. This product is also due to its insufficient extraction time and insufficient volatilization time of harmful alkaline substances (generally referring to biogenic amines), which will result in a high impurity content and a strong fishy smell in the finished product.

[0012] If the cooking time is too long or the fire is too high, the protein in the glue will be hydrolyzed too much, and the content of small molecule protein, amino acid, or small molecule short peptide will be too high. Although this product is beneficial to human absorption, and people with weak spleen and stomach and indigestion can reduce the situation of getting angry after taking it, it also brings many disadvantages. 1. This glue is extremely difficult to gel, and it is even difficult to gel. When drying fresh glue, it is difficult to gel, so the fresh glue often sticks to the glue bed, making it difficult to turn the glue. In mild cases, the glue block will leave a net mark on the side that contacts the glue bed. The glue blocks with net marks can only be picked out later and repaired and retained, but the defective products are high. In severe cases, the glue blocks that stick to the bed can only be torn off the glue bed, or scrapped or used as recycled glue heads and mixed into the next material in small batches for re-cooking. 2. This over-hydrolyzed finished product tastes bitter or extremely bitter, which is not conducive to human consumption;

[0013] Defect 2: The impurity content is high, the finished rubber block is as black as iron, and the surface is rough, and it cannot reach the quality of "amber-like appearance, warm as jade, transparent as blood red, and mellow rubber fragrance";

[0014] Defect 3: The finished products of donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue contain residual harmful substances such as cadaverine and putrescine, as well as biogenic amines and nitrites. The reason is that the raw materials for the production of donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue are commercial donkey skin and deer skin, which are salted with salt. This method uses the method of the leather industry to preserve the skin with a large amount of industrial salt. The nitrite content of this donkey skin and deer skin is relatively high. At the same time, salt is also one of the most basic factors for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms that generate biogenic amines (cadaverine-like substances). Excessive salt concentration will promote the growth of these microorganisms, leading to an increase in the content of biogenic amines (cadaverine-like substances). Nitrites and amines are precursors to the formation of nitrosamine compounds, and N-nitrosamine compounds can be formed under suitable conditions. Whether it is nitrite residues, the increase of biogenic amines or the generation of nitrosamine compounds, it will cause great harm to human health and increase the risk of cancer. At the same time, the environmental protection aspect is that the wastewater contains a large amount of salt, which is not conducive to wastewater treatment and purification. Among all industrial wastewaters, salt-containing wastewater is one of the most difficult to purify. Once the wastewater is not treated properly, it can easily cause environmental accidents. Summary of the invention

[0015] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a method for preparing hemosuccinimide, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Get a whole piece of fresh donkey skin or deer skin as the raw fresh skin;

[0017] Purifying the original fresh leather to obtain clean wet leather;

[0018] Drying the clean wet leather to obtain dried leather;

[0019] The dried leather is subjected to fermentation drying treatment to obtain fermented dried leather;

[0020] Take the back skin of fermented dried skin as raw material skin;

[0021] The raw material skin is subjected to gelling treatment to obtain amber gel. It should be noted that the deerskin is generally red deer skin or sika deer skin.

[0022] Preferably, the purification process is carried out as follows:

[0023] Lay the raw hide on the support board, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the stains and blood on the inner and outer surfaces of the raw hide, then use a knife to remove the fat, residual meat, and bone residue remaining on the inner surface, and rinse with clean water;

[0024] Then, the raw leather is washed with 70-80°C hot water and 1-2wt% baking soda as the raw leather mass for 5-10 minutes, and then the leather is removed, and the process is repeated twice. Finally, the leather is rinsed with clean water to obtain a clean wet leather. The present invention selects raw leather, unifies the preparation method and the leather taking part of the raw leather, and thus unifies the process parameters. The obtained product fully achieves the quality of "amber-like appearance, jade-like warmth, blood-red transparency, and mellow gum fragrance". At the same time, the content of nitrite, biogenic amine (cadaverine-like substance) and nitrosamine compound-like harmful substances is eliminated or reduced, which is beneficial to human health.

[0025] Preferably, the drying is carried out in the following manner:

[0026] Use a centrifugal dryer to dry the surface moisture of the clean wet leather, then unfold the clean wet leather and tie ropes at different locations. The other end of the rope is tied to a spring, and the other end of the spring is tied to a rack. The clean wet leather should be fully unfolded. During the drying process, the clean wet leather will shrink and further flatten.

[0027] The clean wet leather tied to the rack is then sent to a drying room where the temperature is no higher than 40°C and dried for 36 to 72 hours. The dryness of the leather is ≤10% in terms of moisture content to obtain dried leather.

[0028] Preferably, the drying is carried out in the following manner:

[0029] The sand is heated in the sun or fried to become dry hot sand at a temperature of 45-50℃, and then the clean wet leather is shaken dry to remove surface moisture and buried under the sand. The hygroscopicity of the sand is used to absorb the moisture from the wet leather, and the sand is also used to isolate the wet leather from bacteria in the air to achieve the purpose of preservation. Repeat this process several times to eventually obtain dry leather with a moisture content of ≤10%.

[0030] Preferably, the fermentation is carried out in the following manner:

[0031] The dried leather is placed in a fermentation room, which is open and has a fermentation time of no less than 540 days;

[0032] During the fermentation period, the dried leather is placed in the sun for drying every 1-2 months, and the drying time is 2-3 days each time, and the total drying number is not less than 9 times. The dried leather of the present application is mainly caused by the action of microorganisms in the air, which causes the degradation of protein in the leather. This process not only improves the texture of the product, but also improves the absorption rate of protein. At the same time, under the joint action of microbial fermentation and endogenous enzymes, a large amount of aromatic substances such as alcohols, acids, heterocyclic compounds, and nucleotides are formed, which give the final product a unique flavor. The "nine-sun fermentation dry method" uses "sweet dry leather" without salt, so the biogenic amines produced are also very few, and there is basically no smell of this cadaverine, and it also does not contain nitrite. The sweet dry leather made by the "nine-sun fermentation dry method" is also one of the core processes of blood amber tribute glue.

[0033] Commercial salt-cured leather will promote the growth of harmful microorganisms and contribute to the production of biogenic amines due to the increased salt content (especially nitrite). Biogenic amines (a general term for amines such as cadaverine) are harmful substances. Foods containing biogenic amines can cause nausea and other discomfort after consumption. Therefore, salt-cured leather will produce a very strong cadaverine smell over a long period of time, which is also the main source of the fishy smell of edible glue. At the same time, salt-cured leather will also contain a large amount of nitrite, which is a class of strong carcinogens announced by the World Health Organization. Nitrite and amines are precursors to the formation of nitrosamine compounds, and can form N-nitrosamine compounds under appropriate conditions. Long-term consumption of foods containing nitrites, biogenic amines and nitrosamine compounds will double the probability of cancer.

[0034] Preferably, the back skin is the skin from the top of the front legs along the spine to the coccyx, 40 cm downward on both sides of the spine, as the raw material skin.

[0035] Preferably, the gelling process comprises the following steps:

[0036] S1. The raw skin is purified, extracted, centrifuged, condensed, concentrated by evaporation, and frothed to obtain pure rubber juice;

[0037] S2. Add soybean oil and rice wine to the pure juice, continue stirring and concentrating until the water content of the pure juice reaches 26-30wt%, then add casein and stir evenly. In the case where the pure juice can hang the flag, stop heating and cool the glue to obtain a rubber block;

[0038] The mass fractions of each raw material are:

[0039] Raw material hide: 800-1000 parts; soybean oil: 5-30 parts; rice wine: 5-40 parts; casein: 1-100 parts. The present application adds casein compound into the process of preparing donkey hide and deer hide to promote gelatin gelatin, solve or reduce the problem of fresh glue sticking to the glue drying bed, and increase the yield rate in the glue drying process.

[0040] The casein is α-casein or β-casein or casein phosphopeptide or casein phosphopeptide calcium or sodium caseinate or potassium caseinate or calcium caseinate or magnesium caseinate.

[0041] Preferably, the following mass fractions of crystal sugar are also included: 20-50 parts, and added to the pure glue juice together with soybean oil and yellow wine. After adding casein, the present application can promote the absorption of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, and iron contained in donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue, improve its conversion rate, and significantly increase and greatly improve the patient's bone density. Casein is the best protein in milk nutrition, preventing and treating dental caries, osteoporosis and rickets, regulating blood pressure, treating iron deficiency anemia, magnesium deficiency neuritis and other physiological effects, especially its functional characteristics of promoting efficient absorption of macroelements (Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Se) make it have the reputation of "mineral carrier", it can be combined with metal ions, especially calcium ions to form soluble complexes, on the one hand, effectively avoiding calcium from forming precipitation in the neutral or slightly alkaline environment of the small intestine, on the other hand, calcium can also be absorbed by intestinal wall cells without the participation of vitamin D.

[0042] Preferably, the S1 comprises the following steps:

[0043] Select and weigh qualified raw leather;

[0044] Qualified raw hides are directly put into the soaking pool, soaked for 4-7 days from April to November, and soaked for 6-10 days from November to March of the following year. The soaking days are adjusted according to the dryness and wetness of the raw hides. The water is changed 1-2 times a day. After soaking thoroughly, take out and remove the hair; cut into 30-50cm squares and wash in a hide washing machine to obtain clean hides.

[0045] Blanching: put the clean skin obtained after washing into the steaming ball skin machine, add water, the mass ratio of clean skin: water is 1:1-1.5, add sodium bicarbonate for the first blanching, the mass added is 1-2wt% of clean skin, ventilate to the pressure of 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to the temperature of 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, release the first blanching water, and then blanch the skin for the second time; depending on the turbidity of the first blanching water, add the same amount of water and sodium bicarbonate as the first blanching water, ventilate When the pressure reaches 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, drain the water from the second blanching, and then blanch the skin for the third time, then add the same amount of water as the first blanching, ventilate until the pressure reaches 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, drain the water from the third blanching, and then rinse with clean water continuously while rotating the steaming ball until the pH of the water reaches neutral and the water is clear without turbidity;

[0046] The extraction is carried out in the following manner: the extraction is divided into three stages, namely the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction:

[0047] For the first extraction, the clean skin: water mass ratio is 1:1-1.5, and the pressure is 0.12-0.20Mpa. When the heating reaches 100°C, the heating is stopped, and the dirty steam in the steaming ball is discharged and emptied. After the discharge, the temperature is heated to 115-120°C again, and the temperature is kept at a constant pressure for 2-3 hours. The air is discharged and emptied once in the middle. After the temperature is kept at a constant pressure for 2-3 hours, the extracted gum juice is pressed out by the steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sandstone, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the first gum juice;

[0048] The second extraction repeats the steps of the first extraction to obtain the second gum juice;

[0049] The third extraction is carried out according to the clean skin: water mass ratio of 1:0.5-1, and the pressure is ventilated to 0.12-0.20Mpa. When the pressure reaches 100-110°C, the heating is stopped. After keeping warm for 30-40 minutes, the extracted gum juice is pressed out with steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sand and gravel, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the third gum juice.

[0050] The first gum juice, the second gum juice and the third gum juice are mixed to obtain the extracted gum juice;

[0051] The extraction of the gel juice must first be centrifuged to separate impurities, and is carried out in the following manner:

[0052] The extracted gum juice is kept at 60-100°C and allowed to settle for 1-2 hours, the floating fat oil is removed and the precipitated impurities are removed, and then the impurities are separated by centrifugation, and the working speed of the centrifuge is not less than 6000 rpm to obtain the extracted gum juice after centrifugation;

[0053] The condensation separation is carried out as follows:

[0054] The extracted gel juice after centrifugal separation is cooled to room temperature by heat exchanger, and then transferred to a frozen low-temperature sandwich pot for static condensation at 0-5°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, a layer of yellow-white oil layer can be seen on the surface of the gel juice, which can be removed at this time. After removing the oil layer, the gel juice is heated to a dilute gel liquid, and the dilute gel liquid is heated to boiling again, followed by heat exchange, condensation, and removal of the oil layer. This process is repeated many times until the floating oil layer disappears or is very small;

[0055] The condensation degreasing of the present application is a unique step of the blood amber gum. The aforementioned centrifuge separation technology cannot completely remove the fatty oil suspended in the liquid phase gel juice, and the subsequent frothing and impurity removal method increases the refining time and is not conducive to gelation. Fatty oil is one of the main reasons for the easy oxidation and rancidity of the finished product to produce odor, so it must be removed.

[0056] The evaporation concentration is carried out as follows:

[0057] The extracted gum juice after condensation separation is concentrated by open evaporation at normal pressure or double-effect evaporation at negative pressure. The specific gravity of the concentrated gum juice after concentration is 1.05-1.10;

[0058] The frothing and impurity removal is carried out in the following manner:

[0059] Put the concentrated glue juice into the foaming machine, maintain the steam pressure at 0.05-0.1MPa, keep the concentrated glue juice in a slightly boiling state, repeatedly use high-pressure cold boiled water to impact the concentrated glue juice so that the concentrated glue juice continues to switch between a static state and a slightly boiling state for 24-48 hours, then use steam to heat the boil to make the impurities float to the surface of the glue liquid, and finally skim off the impurities until the glue liquid is still and presents a mirror effect;

[0060] The concentrated gelatin is good for frothing and removing impurities. The significance of removing impurities is as follows: 1. Some impurities have a specific gravity close to or the same as that of the gelatin. The centrifuge cannot use the difference in specific gravity to separate impurities of the same specific gravity as the gelatin. These impurities can only be extracted by traditional manual methods. 2. The process of frothing and removing impurities is actually the process of refining gelatin, which generally lasts 24-48 hours. During this process, the protein in the gelatin is fully hydrolyzed, and it is also a process of concentrated hydrolysis of protein into amino acids and small molecular peptides.

[0061] The present application utilizes the cooling of cold water to stimulate the gelatin juice, the purpose of which is to promote the complexation of impurities in the concentrated gelatin juice, and then utilize steam heating to boil the pot to make the impurities float to the surface of the gelatin liquid, and finally remove the impurities with a ladle. The above steps are repeated until the gelatin liquid is as bright as black and has a mirror effect when it is still. When the operator stares at the still gelatin liquid, he can see his eyebrows or small spots and textures on his face like looking in a mirror. This phenomenon is called the "mirror effect". The "mirror effect" is a sign that the gelatin juice has been frothed and impurities removed, indicating that the gelatin liquid has been purified and can be transferred to the next process.

[0062] In S2, the temperature of stirring and concentrating is 110-115°C; the temperature of cooling gel is 20-26°C, and the time is 4-6h; the cold storage condensation requires 5-8°C, and the condensation takes 5-8 hours; the gelatin block is obtained, and the gelatin yield is greater than 50wt% (total weight of gelatin block / raw material skin weight*100%), and the gelatin yield of deer glue is greater than 16wt%

[0063] After obtaining the rubber block, it is cut immediately, and the cutting temperature is 20-23°C; the rubber cutting yield is greater than 85wt% (rubber cutting yield = total weight of rubber block - rubber cutting edge material / total weight of rubber block * 100%)

[0064] The moisture content of the glue block after drying is not higher than 15wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is not higher than 2.0wt%.

[0065] Preferably, the method further includes cutting the glue block and drying the glue;

[0066] After the rubber block is cut and dried, the process also includes aging and rubbing.

[0067] Aging of donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue is a traditional donkey-hide gelatin process, which means storing it in a sealed box for a certain period of time (aging time varies from 3 months to several years) under certain temperature and humidity conditions. During this period, it is necessary to check it at regular intervals to prevent the glue blocks from sticking together or losing too much water, resulting in cracking and breaking. The purpose of aging is to reduce the dryness of donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue, and remove the fire. This kind of donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue is easy to absorb and does not cause internal heat. Generally, Chinese medicine believes that ginseng should be eaten fresh, while donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue should be eaten old. Donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue aged for more than five years are as precious as treasures.

[0068] Glue rubbing is to soak the dried or aged donkey-hide gelatin and deer glue with old coarse cloth in hot water, and rub the surface to create texture in order to remove dust, purify and disinfect.

[0069] In addition, after the glue is applied, it needs to be dried for a certain period of time to allow the moisture of the glue to evaporate completely before the inner packaging can be carried out. Before the inner packaging, words can be printed and engraved on the surface of the glue block. After the inner packaging, the finished product can be boxed.

[0070] It should be noted that the temperature of donkey-hide gelatin and deer gelatin in the boiling state is generally between 110 and 115°C. Without the addition of casein, the moisture content must be at least 23% to 26% to achieve the gelatin flag. The gelatin flag is a traditional way to observe the state of the gelatin, which means that the fire can be stopped and the gelatin can be cooled and wait for the gelatin to come out.

[0071] If 2 tons of dry donkey skins are added, the time for mixing and concentrating the glue juice in one pot is calculated. It takes at least 10 to 12 hours to reach the flag-hanging state, and the moisture content can reach 23 to 26%. If casein is added, the mixing and concentration time can reach the flag-hanging state within 3 to 4 hours, and the moisture content can reach 26 to 30%, which is 7 to 8 hours less than without casein. The emphasis on mixing and concentrating a batch in one pot is not only for the convenience of operation, but more importantly, the same batch of glue can have uniform quality, taste and appearance.

[0072] After the donkey-hide gelatin is mixed and concentrated, it is generally left to stand in the concentration pot for 1.5 to 2 hours. The purpose is to allow the steam in the gelatin to escape and avoid having too many pores in the finished product. The donkey-hide gelatin after standing should be placed in a mold. First, condense at room temperature of 20 to 26°C. For donkey-hide gelatin with the same moisture content, casein-containing donkey-hide gelatin needs to be condensed for 4 to 5 hours before it can be moved to the cold storage, while casein-free donkey-hide gelatin needs about 12 hours to be moved to the cold storage. Cold storage condensation, or for donkey-hide gelatin with the same moisture content, casein-containing donkey-hide gelatin needs to be condensed at 5 to 8°C in the cold storage for 5 to 8 hours to reach a state of moderate hardness and softness that can be cut, while casein-free donkey-hide gelatin needs to be condensed at 5 to 8°C for about 12 hours to reach a state that can be cut.

[0073] This application can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0074] 1. The present application selects raw leather to unify the preparation method and the part where the raw leather is taken, thereby unifying the process parameters, and the obtained product fully achieves the quality of "amber-like appearance, jade-like, blood-red, and mellow gum fragrance". At the same time, it also eliminates or reduces the content of nitrite, biogenic amines (cadaverine-like substances) and nitrosamine-like harmful substances, which is beneficial to human health.

[0075] 2. The condensation degreasing of the present application is a unique step of the blood amber tribute gum. The aforementioned centrifuge separation technology cannot completely remove the fatty oil suspended in the liquid phase gel juice. The subsequent frothing and impurity removal method increases the refining time and is not conducive to gelation. Fatty oil is one of the main reasons for the easy oxidation and rancidity of the finished product to produce odor, so it must be removed.

[0076] 3. In the process of preparing donkey-hide gelatin from donkey skin, casein is compounded into the present application to promote gelatin juice gelation, solve or alleviate the problem of fresh gelatin sticking to the gelatin drying bed, and increase the yield of donkey-hide gelatin in the gelatin drying process.

[0077] 4. The present application can process different types of donkey skin and deer skin. Even if the materials are different, similar extraction effects can be achieved, that is, different types of donkey skin can be fully hydrolyzed. After full hydrolysis, due to the effect of casein, the effect and taste of donkey-hide gelatin will not be affected. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0078] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0079] Figure 1 It is a comparison diagram of the donkey-hide gelatin obtained in Example 1 (left side) and the donkey-hide gelatin obtained in Comparative Example 1 (right side);

[0080] Figure 2 for Figure 1A comparison picture of the donkey-hide gelatin after it is stood up. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present application is described in detail below through specific implementation methods and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0082] The present application discloses a method for preparing hemosuccinimide, comprising the following steps:

[0083] S1. Obtain a whole piece of fresh donkey skin or deerskin as the original fresh skin;

[0084] S2. Purifying the original fresh leather to obtain clean wet leather;

[0085] The purification process is carried out as follows:

[0086] Lay the raw hide on the support board, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the stains and blood on the inner and outer surfaces of the raw hide, then use a knife to remove the fat, residual meat, and bone residue remaining on the inner surface, and rinse with clean water;

[0087] Then use 70-80℃ hot water and 1-2wt% baking soda to wash for 5-10 minutes, remove and repeat twice, finally rinse with clean water to obtain clean wet leather.

[0088] S3. Drying the clean wet leather to obtain dried leather;

[0089] There are two ways to dry the product. One is drying:

[0090] Use a centrifugal dryer to dry the surface moisture, then unfold the clean wet leather, and tie ropes at different locations, with the other end of the rope tied to a spring, and the other end of the spring tied to a rack, to fully unfold the clean wet leather. During the drying process, the clean wet leather will shrink and further flatten.

[0091] The clean wet leather tied to the rack is then sent to a drying room where the temperature is no higher than 40°C and dried for 36 to 72 hours. The dryness of the leather is ≤10% in terms of moisture content to obtain dried leather.

[0092] Another way is to use sand:

[0093] Heat the sand in the sun or stir-fry it to make dry hot sand, the temperature of which is 45-50℃. Then shake off the surface moisture of the clean wet leather and bury it under the sand. The hygroscopicity of the dry hot sand is used to absorb the moisture of the wet leather. The sand is also used to isolate the wet leather from bacteria in the air to achieve the purpose of preservation. Repeat this process several times to finally obtain dry leather with a moisture content of ≤10%.

[0094] S4. The dried leather is subjected to fermentation drying to obtain fermented dried leather;

[0095] The fermentation is carried out in the following manner:

[0096] The dried leather is placed in a fermentation room, which is open and has a fermentation time of no less than 540 days;

[0097] During the fermentation period, the dried leather is placed in the sun to dry every 1-2 months. Each drying time is 2-3 days, and the total drying times are no less than 9 times.

[0098] S5 takes the back skin of fermented dried skin as raw material skin;

[0099] The dorsal skin is the skin located 40 cm below the spine on both sides of the spine, along the spine above the front legs to the coccyx.

[0100] S6. The raw material skin is subjected to gelling treatment to obtain amber gel.

[0101] The gelling process includes the following steps:

[0102] S61. The raw skin is purified, extracted, centrifuged, condensed, concentrated by evaporation, and frothed to obtain pure gum;

[0103] S611. Raw leather purification includes the following steps;

[0104] Select and weigh qualified raw leather;

[0105] Qualified raw hides are directly put into the soaking pool, soaked for 4-7 days from April to November, and soaked for 6-10 days from November to March of the following year. The soaking days are adjusted according to the dryness and wetness of the raw hides. The water is changed 1-2 times a day. After soaking thoroughly, take out and remove the hair; cut into 30-50cm squares and wash in a hide washing machine to obtain clean hides.

[0106] Blanching: put the clean skin obtained after washing into the steaming ball skin machine, add water, the mass ratio of clean skin: water is 1:1-1.5, add sodium bicarbonate for the first blanching, the mass added is 1-2wt% of clean skin, ventilate to the pressure of 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to the temperature of 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, release the first blanching water, and then blanch the skin for the second time; depending on the turbidity of the first blanching water, add the same amount of water and sodium bicarbonate as the first blanching water, ventilate When the pressure reaches 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, drain the water from the second blanching, and then blanch the skin for the third time, then add the same amount of water as the first blanching, ventilate until the pressure reaches 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, drain the water from the third blanching, and then rinse with clean water continuously while rotating the steaming ball until the pH of the water reaches neutral and the water is clear without turbidity;

[0107] S612. The extraction is performed as follows: The extraction is divided into three stages, namely the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction:

[0108] For the first extraction, the clean skin: water mass ratio is 1:1-1.5, and the pressure is 0.12-0.20Mpa. When the heating reaches 100°C, the heating is stopped, and the dirty steam in the steaming ball is discharged and emptied. After the discharge, the temperature is heated to 115-120°C again, and the temperature is kept at a constant pressure for 2-3 hours. The air is discharged and emptied once in the middle. After the temperature is kept at a constant pressure for 2-3 hours, the extracted gum juice is pressed out by the steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sandstone, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the first gum juice;

[0109] The second extraction repeats the steps of the first extraction to obtain the second gum juice;

[0110] The third extraction is carried out according to the clean skin: water mass ratio of 1:0.5-1, and the pressure is ventilated to 0.12-0.20Mpa. When the pressure reaches 100-110°C, the heating is stopped. After keeping warm for 30-40 minutes, the extracted gum juice is pressed out with steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sand and gravel, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the third gum juice.

[0111] The first gum juice, the second gum juice and the third gum juice are mixed to obtain the extracted gum juice;

[0112] The extraction of the gel juice requires centrifugation to separate impurities, which is carried out in the following manner:

[0113] The extracted gum juice is kept at 60-100°C and allowed to settle for 1-2 hours, the floating fat oil is removed and the precipitated impurities are removed, and then the impurities are separated by centrifugation, and the working speed of the centrifuge is not less than 6000 rpm to obtain the extracted gum juice after centrifugation;

[0114] S613. Condensation separation is performed as follows:

[0115] The extracted gel juice after centrifugal separation is cooled to room temperature by heat exchanger, and then transferred to a frozen low-temperature sandwich pot for static condensation at 0-5°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, a layer of yellow-white oil layer can be seen on the surface of the gel juice, which can be removed at this time. After removing the oil layer, the gel juice is heated to a dilute gel liquid, and the dilute gel liquid is heated to boiling again, followed by heat exchange, condensation, and removal of the oil layer. This process is repeated many times until the floating oil layer disappears or is very small;

[0116] S614. Evaporation concentration is carried out as follows:

[0117] The extracted gum juice after condensation separation is concentrated by open evaporation at normal pressure or double-effect evaporation at negative pressure. The specific gravity of the concentrated gum juice after concentration is 1.05-1.10;

[0118] S615. The frothing and impurity removal is carried out in the following manner:

[0119] Put the concentrated glue juice into the foaming machine, maintain the steam pressure at 0.05-0.1MPa, keep the concentrated glue juice in a slightly boiling state, repeatedly use high-pressure cold boiled water to impact the concentrated glue juice so that the concentrated glue juice continues to switch between a static state and a slightly boiling state for 24-48 hours, then use steam to heat the boil to make the impurities float to the surface of the glue liquid, and finally skim off the impurities until the glue liquid is still and presents a mirror effect;

[0120] S62. Add soybean oil and rice wine to the pure glue juice, continue stirring and concentrating until the water content in the pure glue juice reaches 26-30wt%, then add casein and stir evenly, and when the pure glue juice can hang flags, stop heating, cool and get glue blocks; wherein the weight fractions of each raw material are: raw skin: 800-1000 parts; soybean oil: 5-30 parts; rice wine: 5-40 parts; casein: 1-100 parts; also include the following weight fractions of crystal sugar: 20-50 parts, and add it to the pure glue juice together with soybean oil and rice wine. The casein is α-casein or β-casein or casein phosphopeptide or casein phosphopeptide calcium or sodium caseinate or potassium caseinate or calcium caseinate or magnesium caseinate.

[0121] In S62, the temperature of stirring and concentrating is 110-115°C; the temperature of cooling gel is 20-26°C, and the time is 4-6 hours; the cold storage condensation requires 5-8°C, and the condensation takes 5-8 hours; the gelatin block is obtained, and the gelatin yield is greater than 50wt% (total weight of gelatin block / raw material skin weight*100%), and the gelatin yield of deer glue is greater than 16wt%

[0122] S7: immediately cut the rubber block after obtaining it, and the cutting temperature is 20-23°C; the rubber cutting yield is greater than 85wt% (rubber cutting yield = total weight of rubber block - rubber cutting edge material / total weight of rubber block * 100%); cut the rubber block, dry it, and then age and wipe it.

[0123] The moisture content of the glue block after drying is not higher than 15wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is not higher than 2.0wt%.

[0124] Table 1 Comparison of blood amber glue, ordinary donkey-hide glue and deer glue

[0125]

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] In order to demonstrate the benefits of the technical solution of the present application, the following examples are made. The casein used in the following examples or comparative examples is α-casein:

[0129] Embodiment 1:

[0130] S11. Obtaining a whole piece of fresh donkey skin as the original fresh donkey skin;

[0131] S12. Purifying the original fresh donkey skin to obtain a clean wet donkey skin;

[0132] The purification process is carried out as follows:

[0133] Lay the original fresh donkey skin on the support board, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the stains and blood on the inner and outer surfaces of the donkey skin, then use a knife to remove the fat, residual meat and bone residues on the inner surface, and rinse it with clean water;

[0134] Then use 70°C hot water and soda water (concentration 2wt%) made of 2wt% baking soda as the original hide mass to scald for 10 minutes, remove it, repeat twice, and finally rinse it with clean water to obtain a clean wet donkey hide.

[0135] S13. Drying the clean wet donkey skin to obtain a dried skin;

[0136] Use a centrifugal dryer to dry the surface moisture, then unfold the clean wet donkey skin, tie ropes at different locations, tie the other end of the rope to a spring, and the other end of the spring to a rack, so that the clean donkey skin is fully unfolded. During the drying process, the clean wet donkey skin will shrink and will be further flattened;

[0137] Then the clean wet donkey hide tied on the rack is sent to a drying room with a temperature not higher than 40°C and dried for 36 hours. The dryness of the hide is ≤10% in terms of moisture content to obtain dried hide.

[0138] S14. The dried leather is subjected to fermentation drying to obtain fermented leather;

[0139] The fermentation is carried out in the following manner:

[0140] The dried leather is placed in a fermentation room, which is open and has a fermentation time of 540 days;

[0141] During the fermentation period, the dried leather is placed in the sun to dry every 1-2 months. Each drying time is 2-3 days, and the total drying times are no less than 9 times.

[0142] S15 takes the back skin of fermented dried skin as raw material skin;

[0143] The dorsal skin is the skin located 40 cm below the spine on both sides of the spine, along the spine above the front legs to the coccyx.

[0144] S16. The raw material skin is subjected to gelling treatment to obtain amber gel.

[0145] The gelling process includes the following steps:

[0146] S161. The raw skin is purified, extracted, centrifuged, condensed, concentrated by evaporation, and frothed to obtain pure gum;

[0147] S1611. Raw leather purification includes the following steps;

[0148] Select and weigh qualified raw leather;

[0149] Qualified raw leather dried skin is directly put into the skin soaking pool and soaked for 7 days. The soaking days are adjusted according to the dryness and wetness of the raw leather. The water is changed 1-2 times a day. After soaking thoroughly, it is taken out and the hair is removed; cut into 30-50cm squares and placed in a skin washing machine to wash; and clean skin is obtained.

[0150] Blanching: put the clean skin (800 parts by weight) obtained after washing into a steaming spherical skin machine, add water, the mass ratio of clean skin to water is 1:1, add sodium bicarbonate for the first blanching, the mass added is 1wt% of clean skin, ventilate to the pressure at 0.12Mpa (gauge pressure, the same below), heat to 60°C, rotate the steaming ball for 30 minutes, release the first blanching water, and then blanch the skin for the second time; depending on the turbidity of the first blanching water, add the same amount of sodium bicarbonate as the first blanching water of water and sodium bicarbonate, ventilate to a pressure of 0.12Mpa, heat to 60℃, rotate the steaming ball for 30 minutes, drain the second blanching water, and then blanch the skin for the third time, then add the same amount of water as the first blanching, ventilate to a pressure of 0.12Mpa, heat to 60℃, rotate the steaming ball for 30 minutes, drain the third blanching water, and then rinse with clean water continuously while rotating the steaming ball until the pH of the water reaches neutral and the water is clear without turbidity;

[0151] S1612. The extraction is performed as follows: The extraction is divided into three stages, namely the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction:

[0152] For the first extraction, the clean skin: water mass ratio is 1:1, and the air is ventilated to a pressure of 0.12Mpa. When the heating reaches 100°C, the heating is stopped, and the dirty steam in the steaming ball is vented and emptied. After venting, the temperature is heated to 115°C again and the temperature is kept at a pressure of 3 hours. The air is vented and emptied once in the middle. After 3 hours of heat preservation and pressure preservation, the extracted gum juice is pressed out by steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sand and gravel, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the first gum juice;

[0153] The second extraction repeats the steps of the first extraction to obtain the second gum juice;

[0154] The third extraction is carried out according to the clean skin: water mass ratio of 1:0.5, and the pressure is ventilated to 0.12Mpa. When the heating reaches 100°C, the heating is stopped. After keeping warm for 40 minutes, the extracted gum juice is pressed out with steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sand and gravel, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the third gum juice.

[0155] The first gum juice, the second gum juice and the third gum juice are mixed to obtain the extracted gum juice;

[0156] Extracting the gum juice requires centrifugation to separate impurities, as follows:

[0157] The extracted gum juice is kept at 60°C and allowed to settle for 2 hours, the floating fat oil is removed and the precipitated impurities are removed, and then the impurities are separated by centrifugation, and the working speed of the centrifuge is not less than 6000 rpm to obtain the extracted gum juice after centrifugation;

[0158] S1613. Condensation separation is carried out as follows:

[0159] The extracted gel juice after centrifugal separation is cooled to room temperature by heat exchanger, and then transferred to a frozen low-temperature sandwich pot for static condensation at 0°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, a layer of yellow-white oil layer can be seen on the surface of the gel juice, which can be removed at this time. After removing the oil layer, the gel juice is heated to a dilute gel liquid, and the dilute gel liquid is heated to boiling again, followed by heat exchange, condensation, and removal of the oil layer. This process is repeated many times until the floating oil layer disappears or is very small;

[0160] S1614. Evaporation concentration is carried out as follows:

[0161] The extracted gum juice after condensation separation is concentrated by open evaporation at normal pressure or double-effect evaporation at negative pressure. The specific gravity of the concentrated gum juice after concentration is 1.05-1.10;

[0162] S1615. The frothing and impurity removal is carried out in the following manner:

[0163] Put the concentrated glue juice into the foaming machine, maintain the steam pressure at 0.05MPa, keep the concentrated glue juice in a slightly boiling state, repeatedly use high-pressure cold boiled water to impact the concentrated glue juice so that the concentrated glue juice continuously switches between a static state and a slightly boiling state for 48 hours, then use steam heating to boil the water so that impurities float to the surface of the glue liquid, and finally skim off the impurities until the glue liquid is still and presents a mirror effect;

[0164] S162. Add 5 parts by mass of soybean oil, 5 parts by mass of rice wine, and 20 parts by mass of crystal sugar to the pure rubber juice, continue stirring and concentrating until the water content in the pure rubber juice reaches 26wt%, then add 1 part by mass of casein and stir evenly. When the pure rubber juice can hang a flag, stop heating, cool and get the rubber block.

[0165] In S162, the stirring and concentrating temperature is 110°C; the cooling temperature of the gel is 20°C, the time is 4 hours; the condensation temperature of the cold storage is 5°C, and the condensation time is 5 hours; the donkey-hide gelatin block is obtained, and the gelatin yield is 56wt% (gelatin yield = total weight of gelatin block / raw material skin weight*100%);

[0166] S17. After obtaining the rubber block, it is cut immediately at a cutting temperature of 20°C; the rubber cutting yield is 89wt% (rubber cutting yield = total weight of rubber block - rubber cutting edge material / total weight of rubber block * 100%); the rubber block is cut, dried, and then aged and wiped.

[0167] The moisture content of the glue block after drying is 14.3wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is 1.4wt%. Figure 1-2 shown.

[0168] The detected nitrite content was 3 mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content was 1.1 μg / kg.

[0169] Embodiment 2:

[0170] S21. Obtaining a whole piece of fresh deerskin as the original fresh deerskin;

[0171] S22. Purifying the original fresh deerskin to obtain clean wet deerskin;

[0172] The purification process is carried out as follows:

[0173] Lay the original fresh deerskin on the support board, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the stains and blood on the inner and outer surfaces of the original fresh deerskin, then use a knife to remove the fat, residual meat and bone residues remaining on the inner surface, and rinse with clean water;

[0174] Then, add 80°C hot water and soda water (concentration 2wt%) made of 1wt% baking soda as the original fresh deerskin to scald for 5 minutes, remove it, repeat twice, and finally rinse it with clean water to obtain clean wet deerskin.

[0175] S23. Drying the clean wet deerskin to obtain dried leather;

[0176] Use a centrifugal dryer to dry the surface moisture, then unfold the clean wet leather and tie ropes at different locations, with the other end of the rope tied to a spring, and the other end of the spring tied to a rack, so that the clean wet deerskin is fully unfolded. During the drying process, the clean wet deerskin will shrink and further flatten.

[0177] Then the clean wet deerskin tied on the rack is sent to a drying room with a temperature not higher than 40°C and dried for 72 hours. The dryness of the skin is ≤10% in terms of moisture content to obtain dried skin.

[0178] S24. The dried leather is subjected to fermentation drying to obtain fermented dried leather;

[0179] The fermentation is carried out in the following manner:

[0180] The dried leather is placed in a fermentation room, which is open and has a fermentation time of 540 days;

[0181] During the fermentation period, the dried leather is placed in the sun to dry every 1-2 months. Each drying time is 2-3 days, and the total drying times are no less than 9 times.

[0182] S25 takes the back skin of fermented dried skin as raw material skin;

[0183] The dorsal skin is the skin located 40 cm below the spine on both sides of the spine, along the spine above the front legs to the coccyx.

[0184] S26. The raw material skin is subjected to gelling treatment to obtain amber gel.

[0185] The gelling process includes the following steps:

[0186] S261. The raw skin is purified, extracted, centrifuged, condensed, concentrated by evaporation, and frothed to obtain pure gum;

[0187] S2611. Raw leather purification includes the following steps;

[0188] Select and weigh qualified raw leather;

[0189] Qualified raw leather dried skin is directly put into the skin soaking pool and soaked for 4 days. The soaking days are adjusted according to the dryness and wetness of the raw leather. The water is changed 1-2 times a day. After soaking thoroughly, it is taken out and the hair is removed; cut into 30-50cm squares and placed in a skin washing machine to wash; clean skin is obtained.

[0190] Blanching: put the clean skin (1000 parts by weight) obtained after washing into a steaming spherical skin machine, add water, the mass ratio of clean skin: water is 1:1.5, add sodium bicarbonate for the first blanching, the mass added is 2wt% of clean skin, ventilate to the pressure at 0.20Mpa (gauge pressure, the same below), heat to 80°C, rotate the steaming ball for 20 minutes, release the first blanching water, and then blanch the skin for the second time; depending on the turbidity of the first blanching water, add the same amount of sodium bicarbonate as the first blanching water. Add the same amount of water and sodium bicarbonate, ventilate to a pressure of 0.20Mpa, heat to 80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20 minutes, drain the second blanching water, and then blanch the skin for the third time, then add the same amount of water as the first blanching, ventilate to a pressure of 0.20Mpa, heat to 80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20 minutes, drain the third blanching water, and then rinse with clean water continuously while rotating the steaming ball until the pH of the water reaches neutral and the water is clear without turbidity;

[0191] S2612. The extraction is performed as follows: The extraction is divided into three stages, namely the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction:

[0192] For the first extraction, the clean skin: water mass ratio is 1:1.5, and the pressure is 0.20Mpa. When the heating reaches 100°C, the heating is stopped, and the dirty steam in the steaming ball is released and emptied. After emptying, it is heated to 120°C again and kept warm and pressurized for 2 hours. The air is released and emptied once in the middle. After keeping warm and pressurized for 2 hours, the extracted gum juice is pressed out by steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sand and gravel, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the first gum juice;

[0193] The second extraction repeats the steps of the first extraction to obtain the second gum juice;

[0194] The third extraction is carried out according to the clean skin: water mass ratio of 1:1, ventilation to the pressure of 0.20Mpa, heating to 110℃ and stopping heating. After keeping warm for 30 minutes, the extracted gum juice is pressed out by steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sand and gravel, and then into a liquid storage tank to obtain the third gum juice.

[0195] The first gum juice, the second gum juice and the third gum juice are mixed to obtain the extracted gum juice;

[0196] Extracting the gum juice requires centrifugation to separate impurities, as follows:

[0197] The extracted gum juice is kept at 100°C and allowed to settle for 1 hour, the floating fat oil is removed and the precipitated impurities are removed, and then the impurities are separated by centrifugation, and the working speed of the centrifuge is not less than 6000 rpm to obtain the extracted gum juice after centrifugation;

[0198] S2613. Condensation separation is carried out as follows:

[0199] The extracted gel juice after centrifugal separation is cooled to room temperature by heat exchanger, and then transferred to a frozen low-temperature sandwich pot for static condensation at 5°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, a layer of yellow-white oil layer can be seen on the surface of the gel juice, which can be removed at this time. After removing the oil layer, the gel juice is heated to a dilute gel liquid, and the dilute gel liquid is heated to boiling again, followed by heat exchange, condensation, and removal of the oil layer. This process is repeated many times until the floating oil layer disappears or is very small;

[0200] S2614. Evaporation concentration is carried out as follows:

[0201] The extracted gum juice after condensation separation is concentrated by open evaporation at normal pressure or double-effect evaporation at negative pressure. The specific gravity of the concentrated gum juice after concentration is 1.05-1.10;

[0202] S2615. The frothing and impurity removal is carried out in the following manner:

[0203] Put the concentrated glue juice into the foaming machine, maintain the steam pressure at 0.1MPa, keep the concentrated glue juice in a slightly boiling state, repeatedly use high-pressure cold boiled water to impact the concentrated glue juice so that the concentrated glue juice continuously switches between a static state and a slightly boiling state for 24 hours, then use steam to heat the boil to make the impurities float to the surface of the glue liquid, and finally skim off the impurities until the glue liquid is still and presents a mirror effect;

[0204] S262. Add 30 parts by mass of soybean oil, 40 parts by mass of rice wine, and 50 parts by mass of crystal sugar to the pure rubber juice, continue stirring and concentrating until the water content in the pure rubber juice reaches 30wt%, then add 100 parts by mass of casein and stir evenly. When the pure rubber juice can hang a flag, stop heating, cool and get the rubber block.

[0205] In S262, the stirring and concentrating temperature is 115°C; the cooling gel temperature is 26°C, the time is 6 hours; the condensation temperature of the cold storage is 8°C, and the condensation time is 8 hours; the deer glue block is obtained, and the yield is 16.2wt%

[0206] (Glue yield = total weight of rubber block / weight of raw material skin*100%).

[0207] S27. Cut the rubber block immediately after it is obtained, and the cutting temperature is 23°C; the rubber cutting yield rate reaches 91wt% (rubber cutting yield rate = total weight of rubber block - rubber cutting edge material / total weight of rubber block * 100%). Cut the rubber block, dry it, and then age and wipe it. After drying, the moisture content of the rubber block is 14.5wt%, and the rate of defective and broken pieces of the rubber block is 0.86wt%.

[0208] The yield of deer glue blocks is 16.2wt% because the hair on the surface of deerskin is thick and the hair accounts for a high proportion. The yield of deer glue blocks made of blood amber gum is less than 10wt% by ordinary methods, which has significant economic indicators. The nitrite content is 4mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content is 1.2μg / kg.

[0209] Example 3: Based on Example 1, the drying method is as follows:

[0210] Heat the sand to 45°C, then bury the clean wet donkey hide under the sand. The hygroscopicity of the dry hot sand can be used to absorb the moisture from the wet hide. The sand can also be used to isolate the donkey hide from bacteria in the air to achieve the purpose of preservation. Repeat this process several times to eventually obtain dried hide with a moisture content of ≤10%.

[0211] The yield of donkey-hide gelatin blocks is 54wt%;

[0212] The moisture content of the glue block after drying is 14.1wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is 1.62wt%.

[0213] Advantages of the sand-burying dry method: 1. This method is more suitable for small-scale slaughterhouses. Sand can generally be obtained locally, and the operation is more flexible. 45°C dry hot sand can effectively kill bacteria floating on the original fresh skin, and can isolate the air to prevent later bacterial contamination. 2. Because no industrial salt is used, the finished product inspection, whether it is nitrite, N-nitrosodimethylamine or heavy metal lead, chromium, cadmium, arsenic and other harmful substances, is much lower than ordinary donkey-hide gelatin. 3. The appearance, quality and smell are the same as the drying method.

[0214] The detected nitrite content was 3 mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content was 1.1 μg / kg.

[0215] Example 4: Based on Example 2, the drying method is as follows:

[0216] Heat the dry sand to 50℃, and then bury the clean wet deerskin under the sand. The hygroscopicity of the dry hot sand can be used to absorb the moisture from the wet leather, and the sand can also be used to isolate the clean wet deerskin from the bacteria in the air to achieve the purpose of preservation. Repeat this process several times to eventually obtain dry leather with a moisture content of ≤10%.

[0217] The rubber block yield is 16.3%; the rubber cutting yield is 92%, the moisture content of the rubber block after drying is 14.9wt%, and the rate of residual and broken pieces after drying is 0.84wt%.

[0218] The advantages are more prominent: 1. This method is more suitable for small-scale slaughtering points. Sand and soil can generally be obtained locally, and the operation is more flexible. 50℃ dry hot sand and soil can quickly and effectively kill bacteria floating on the original fresh skin, and can isolate the air to prevent later bacterial contamination. 2. Because no industrial salt is used, the finished product inspection, whether it is nitrite, N-nitrosodimethylamine or heavy metal lead, chromium, cadmium, arsenic and other harmful substances, is much lower than ordinary deer glue. 3. The appearance of blood amber tribute glue deer glue is beautiful, transparent like blood red, and the smell is pure. Ordinary deer glue has a heavier fishy smell. 4. The glue yield of blood amber tribute glue deer glue block is much higher than that of ordinary deer glue. The yield of blood amber tribute glue deer glue block is 16.3wt% and the yield of ordinary deer glue block is 8.6wt%, which has significant economic indicators.

[0219] The detected nitrite content was 2 mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content was 1.2 μg / kg.

[0220] Example 5: Based on Example 1, but without adding casein, the moisture content of the glue block after drying is 13.3wt%, and the rate of residual and broken pieces after drying is 3.2wt%.

[0221] Advantages: 1. Compared with Example 1, without adding casein, the gel time after concentrated mixing and discharging is significantly prolonged and the conditions are harsh. Compared with concentrated mixing, the time is extended by about 7 hours, which increases the bitterness of the finished glue. The gel time at room temperature and cold storage is extended by about 8 hours, respectively, and the room temperature and cold storage temperature are required to be reduced by 3°C and 5°C, respectively. 2. The finished product rate of cut glue is also significantly reduced and the defective rate of drying glue is increased. The finished product rate of cut glue is reduced from 87wt% to 78wt%, and the defective rate of drying glue is increased from 1.62wt% to 3.2wt%. 3. The appearance of the finished product is also obviously rough and the silk screen print on the back of the dry glue block is obvious.

[0222] The detected nitrite content was 3 mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content was 1.3 μg / kg.

[0223] Comparative Example 1: Based on Example 1, salt-dried skin was used and the same treatment method was used after soaking:

[0224] The moisture content of the glue block after drying is 14.4wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is 1.93wt%.

[0225] On the basis of Example 1, salt dried skin is used. The advantages of blood succinate tribute glue are extremely obvious. 1. The yield of glue blocks, the yield of blood succinate tribute glue blocks is 56%, and the yield of salt dried skin donkey-hide gelatin blocks is less than 28%. It has excellent economic indicators. 2. The physical and chemical indicators of blood succinate tribute glue donkey-hide gelatin are also significantly better than those of salt dried skin donkey-hide gelatin, and its harmful substances such as heavy metal lead, nitrate, and N-nitrosodimethylamine are significantly lower than those of ordinary donkey-hide gelatin. The lead content of blood succinate tribute glue is ≤0.5mg / kg, the lead content of salt dried skin donkey-hide gelatin is >1.0mg / kg, the nitrate content of blood succinate tribute glue is <10mg / kg, the nitrate content of salt dried skin donkey-hide gelatin is greater than 15mg / kg, the N-nitrosodimethylamine content of blood succinate tribute glue is <2.0μg / kg, and the salt dried skin donkey-hide gelatin is greater than 2.5μg / kg. From the comparison, it is obvious that the content of harmful substances in blood succinate tribute glue is significantly lower than that of salt dried skin donkey-hide gelatin.

[0226] The obtained product is Figure 1-2 The detected nitrite content was 16 mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content was 2.8 μg / kg.

[0227] Comparative Example 2: Based on Example 1, the fermentation drying treatment is not performed;

[0228] The moisture content of the glue block after drying is 14.0wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is 0.73wt%.

[0229] The method of fermentation-drying raw materials for donkey-hide gelatin is derived from practice. This method can reduce the content of biogenic amines. The harmful substances and N-nitrosodimethylamine content of donkey-hide gelatin made from raw skins without fermentation drying are higher than those made from raw skins with fermentation drying. Second, it can increase the special smell and taste of the final product (such as the difference in flavor between bacon and fresh meat jerky). Donkey-hide gelatin made from raw skins without fermentation drying has a slightly fishy smell, while donkey-hide gelatin made from raw skins with fermentation drying has a unique flavor.

[0230] The detected nitrite content was 3 mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content was 2.1 μg / kg.

[0231] Comparative Example 3: Based on Example 1, no condensation separation is performed after centrifugal separation. Specifically, the extracted gum juice is kept at 60°C and allowed to settle for 2 hours, and then the floating fat oil and precipitated impurities are removed, and then the impurities are separated by centrifugation. The centrifuge operates at a speed of not less than 6000 rpm to obtain the extracted gum juice after centrifugation. The gum juice after centrifugation is not subjected to condensation separation to remove excess floating oil impurities and is subjected to subsequent processing procedures.

[0232] The moisture content of the glue block after drying is 14.3wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is 1.63wt%.

[0233] If condensation separation is not performed to remove floating oil impurities, the fat content of the final product will be relatively higher, and the fat content will be about 4g / 100g higher on average than that after condensation separation to remove floating oil impurities. In addition, the possibility of oxidation and rancidity of the final product will increase during the storage period, which may cause the peroxide value of the product to increase during storage, thereby being detrimental to human health needs after human use. After the finished product has been stored for one year, the peroxide value is about 0.2g / 100g higher than that of the finished product after condensation separation to remove floating oil impurities.

[0234] Comparative Example 4: Based on Example 1, the back skin is not selected, but the whole skin is used;

[0235] The moisture content of the glue block after drying was 14.1wt%, the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying was 2.2wt%, and the glue yield was 31wt%.

[0236] The main factors for selecting back skin are: first, the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the back of a donkey is the part of the donkey that can receive the most sunlight, which is called "yang". The abdomen receives more dark and humid places, which is called "yin". Moreover, donkey-hide gelatin is a product that nourishes yin deficiency and is used for yin deficiency syndrome. There is a theoretical basis for using "yang" to replenish "yin" in traditional Chinese medicine. Second, the back skin of a donkey is closer to the spine, and its subcutaneous capillaries are rich, so it is more nourished, its cortex is thick and rich in protein, and in practice, the back of a donkey is also the part of the donkey that has the least skin diseases. Therefore, the significance of using it to make glue lies mainly in the uniform cortex, fewer skin diseases, fewer impurities, and high glue yield. The glue yield of using back skin to make glue is nearly twice that of other parts, and there is no obvious odor.

[0237] The detected nitrite content was 4 mg / kg; the N-nitrosodimethylamine content was 1.8 μg / kg.

[0238] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing succinate gum, characterized in that: The steps include: Get a whole piece of fresh donkey skin or deer skin as the raw fresh skin; Purifying the original fresh leather to obtain clean wet leather; Drying the clean wet leather to obtain dried leather; The dried leather is subjected to fermentation drying treatment to obtain fermented dried leather; Take the back skin of fermented dried skin as raw material skin; The raw material skin is subjected to gelling treatment to obtain amber gel.

2. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 1, wherein: The purification process is carried out as follows: Lay the raw hide on the support board, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the stains and blood on the inner and outer surfaces of the raw hide, then use a knife to remove the fat, residual meat, and bone residue remaining on the inner surface, and rinse with clean water; Then, use 70-80°C hot water and 1-2wt% baking soda as the original fresh leather to scald for 5-10 minutes, remove it, repeat twice, and finally rinse it with clean water to obtain a clean wet leather.

3. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 1, wherein: The drying is carried out in the following manner: Use a centrifugal dryer to dry the surface moisture, then unfold the clean wet leather, tie ropes at different locations, tie the other end of the rope to a spring, and the other end of the spring to a rack, to fully unfold the clean wet leather. The clean wet leather will shrink during the drying process and will be further flattened; The clean wet leather tied to the rack is then sent to a drying room where the temperature is no higher than 40°C and dried for 36 to 72 hours. The dryness of the leather is ≤10% in terms of moisture content to obtain dried leather.

4. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 1, wherein: The drying is carried out as follows: The sand is heated in the sun or fried to become dry hot sand at a temperature of 45-50℃, and then the clean wet leather is shaken dry of surface moisture and buried under the dry hot sand. The hygroscopicity of the dry hot sand is used to absorb the moisture of the wet leather, and the sand is also used to isolate the clean wet leather from bacteria in the air to achieve the purpose of preservation. Repeat this process several times to eventually obtain dry leather with a moisture content of ≤10%.

5. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 1, wherein: The fermentation is carried out in the following manner: The dried leather is placed in a fermentation room, which is open and the fermentation time is not less than 540 days; During the fermentation period, the dried leather is placed in the sun to dry every 1-2 months. Each drying time is 2-3 days, and the total drying times are no less than 9 times.

6. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 1, wherein: The spinal skin is the skin above the front legs along the spine to the coccyx, 40 cm downward on both sides of the spine, and is called the raw skin.

7. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 1, wherein: The gelling process comprises the following steps: S1. The raw skin is purified, extracted, centrifuged, condensed, concentrated by evaporation, and frothed to obtain pure rubber juice; S2. Add soybean oil and rice wine to the pure juice, continue stirring and concentrating until the water content of the pure juice reaches 26-30wt%, then add casein and stir evenly. In the case where the pure juice can hang the flag, stop heating and cool the glue to obtain a rubber block; The mass fractions of each raw material are: Raw material skin: 800-1000 parts; soybean oil: 5-30 parts; rice wine: 5-40 parts; casein: 1-100 parts; The casein is α-casein or β-casein or casein phosphopeptide or casein phosphopeptide calcium or sodium caseinate or potassium caseinate or calcium caseinate or magnesium caseinate.

8. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 7, wherein: The method also includes 20-50 parts of crystal sugar by weight, which is added into the pure gum juice together with soybean oil and rice wine.

9. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 7, wherein: The S1 comprises the following steps: Select and weigh qualified raw leather; Qualified raw leather is put into the leather soaking pool, soaked for 4-7 days from April to November, and soaked for 6-10 days from November to March of the following year. The soaking days are adjusted according to the dryness and wetness of the raw leather. The water is changed 1-2 times a day. After soaking thoroughly, it is taken out and the hair is removed; cut into 30-50cm squares and washed in a leather washing machine to obtain clean leather; Blanching: put the clean skin obtained after washing into the steaming ball skin machine, add water, the mass ratio of clean skin: water is 1:1-1.5, add sodium bicarbonate for the first blanching, the mass added is 1-2wt% of clean skin, ventilate to the pressure of 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to the temperature of 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, release the first blanching water, and then blanch the skin for the second time; depending on the turbidity of the first blanching water, add the same amount of water and sodium bicarbonate as the first blanching water, ventilate When the pressure reaches 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, drain the water from the second blanching, and then blanch the skin for the third time, then add the same amount of water as the first blanching, ventilate until the pressure reaches 0.12-0.20Mpa, heat to 60-80℃, rotate the steaming ball for 20-30 minutes, drain the water from the third blanching, and then rinse with clean water continuously while rotating the steaming ball until the pH of the water reaches neutral and the water is clear without turbidity; The extraction is carried out in the following manner: the extraction is divided into three stages, namely the first extraction, the second extraction and the third extraction: For the first extraction, the clean skin: water mass ratio is 1:1-1.5, and the pressure is 0.12-0.20Mpa. When the heating reaches 100°C, the heating is stopped, and the dirty steam in the steaming ball is discharged and emptied. After the discharge, the temperature is heated to 115-120°C again, and the temperature is kept at a constant pressure for 2-3 hours. The air is discharged and emptied once in the middle. After the temperature is kept at a constant pressure for 2-3 hours, the extracted gum juice is pressed out by the steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sandstone, and then sent to a liquid storage tank to obtain the first gum juice; The second extraction repeats the steps of the first extraction to obtain the second gum juice; The third extraction is carried out according to the clean skin: water mass ratio of 1:0.5-1, ventilation is carried out to the pressure of 0.12-0.20Mpa, heating is stopped when it reaches 100-110°C, and after keeping warm for 30-40 minutes, the extracted gum juice is pressed out by steam pressure, filtered through a filter screen and sandstone, and then put into a liquid storage tank to obtain the third gum juice; The first gum juice, the second gum juice and the third gum juice are mixed to obtain the extracted gum juice; The extraction of the gel juice requires centrifugation to separate impurities, which is carried out in the following manner: The extracted gum juice is kept at 60-100°C and allowed to settle for 1-2 hours, the floating fat oil is removed and the precipitated impurities are removed, and then the impurities are separated by centrifugation, and the working speed of the centrifuge is not less than 6000 rpm to obtain the extracted gum juice after centrifugation; The condensation separation is carried out as follows: The extracted gel juice after centrifugal separation is cooled to room temperature by a heat exchanger, and then the extracted gel juice is transferred to a frozen low-temperature sandwich pot and condensed at 0-5°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, a yellow-white oil layer can be seen on the surface of the gel juice, and the oil layer can be scraped off at this time; after scraping off the oil layer, the gel juice is heated to a dilute gel liquid, and the dilute gel liquid is heated to boiling again, and then heat exchange is performed again, condensed, and the oil layer is scraped off; this process is repeated many times until the floating oil layer disappears or is very small; The evaporation concentration is carried out as follows: The extracted gum juice after condensation separation is concentrated by open evaporation at normal pressure or double-effect evaporation at negative pressure. The specific gravity of the concentrated gum juice after concentration is 1.05-1.10; The frothing and impurity removal is carried out in the following manner: Put the concentrated glue juice into the foaming machine, maintain the steam pressure at 0.05-0.1MPa, keep the concentrated glue juice in a slightly boiling state, repeatedly use high-pressure cold boiled water to impact the concentrated glue juice so that the concentrated glue juice continues to switch between a static state and a slightly boiling state for 24-48 hours, then use steam to heat the boil to make the impurities float to the surface of the glue liquid, and finally skim off the impurities until the glue liquid is still and presents a mirror effect; In S2, the temperature of stirring and concentrating is 110-115°C; the temperature of cooling gel is 20-26°C, and the time is 4-6h; the cold storage condensation requires 5-8°C, and the condensation takes 5-8 hours; the gelatin block is obtained, and the gelatin yield is greater than 50wt%; the gelatin yield of deer glue is greater than 16wt%; After obtaining the rubber block, it is cut immediately, and the cutting temperature is 20-23°C; the cutting rubber yield is greater than 85wt%; The moisture content of the glue block after drying is not higher than 15wt%, and the rate of residual and broken glue blocks after drying is not higher than 2.0wt%.

10. The method for preparing amber gum according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes the process of cutting and drying the glue block; After the rubber block is cut and dried, the process also includes aging and rubbing.

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