A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of mine dust removal safety technology, and discloses a negative pressure ventilation dust removal device for mines, including a dust control mechanism and a negative pressure dust removal mechanism; the dust control mechanism includes an air inlet duct, an air inlet fan, a compressed air duct, a vertical dust control component, a rotating dust control component, a fixed block, a main guide pipe, a secondary guide pipe and a guide fan. By adopting the present application, a negative pressure airflow can be formed on the mining working face through the negative pressure dust removal mechanism, and the generated dust can be negatively absorbed, and a wind curtain barrier can be formed in the mine passage through the vertical dust control component to block the dust generated on the inner side of the wind curtain barrier and push it toward the mining working face, and the wind flow can be sprayed toward the mining working face through the rotating dust control component to increase the efficiency of pressing the dust inward, and the compressed air flow blown out of the compressed air duct can be used to blow the dust toward the negative pressure dust removal mechanism, so that the dust can be controlled near the head, so as to be absorbed in cooperation with the negative pressure dust removal mechanism to prevent the dust from escaping into the mine passage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mine dust removal safety, and in particular to a negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of energy and technology is an opportunity for the coal mining industry, which can promote the development of my country's coal mining industry, but it is also a challenge. Mine excavation is a complex job, and dust generation cannot be completely avoided during actual work. If miners are in a high-concentration dust environment for a long time, it will cause great harm to their respiratory system and even cause incurable pneumoconiosis. There are many reasons for the generation of dust during mine excavation. Dust will appear in different links and affect mining operations. For example, when the excavation working face is ventilated, the high-speed airflow ejected from the ventilation duct will carry the dust generated by the excavation operation and quickly spread the pollution, and the workers will carry the dust when walking in the mine passage and transporting the corresponding mineral products.

[0003] In order to solve the problem of large amounts of dust that will appear in the excavation working face during mine excavation, the prior art usually adopts the method of exhausting dust by using negative pressure ventilation in combination with dust collectors. However, when the negative pressure air duct cooperates with the dust collector to extract the large amount of dust generated in the excavation working face, due to the continuous generation of dust in the excavation working face, the dust will quickly spread around under the negative pressure airflow inward from the mine passage, resulting in the dust collector being unable to extract and purify the dust source in time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention mainly provides a negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines, which solves the problem that due to the continuous generation of dust at the excavation working face, the head-on dust will quickly spread around under the negative pressure airflow inward from the mine passage, resulting in the dust collector being unable to extract and purify the dust source in time.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines, comprising a dust control mechanism and a negative pressure dust removal mechanism; the dust control mechanism comprises an air inlet duct, an air inlet fan for pressing airflow into the air inlet duct, a compressed air duct for forming a compressed air flow, a vertical dust control assembly for forming a vertical wind curtain, a rotating dust control assembly for forming a jet air flow, and a fixed block arranged on the mine wall and used to install and fix the vertical dust control assembly and the rotating dust control assembly, the compressed air duct is arranged at the inner end of the air inlet duct, the vertical dust control assembly is connected to the air inlet duct through a main guide duct, the rotating dust control assembly is connected to the air inlet duct through a secondary guide duct, and the air inlet duct is provided with a guide fan for introducing airflow into the main guide duct and the secondary guide duct; the rotating dust control assembly is located on the side of the vertical dust control assembly facing the excavation working face. Among them, the negative pressure dust removal mechanism can adopt any one of the existing technologies, as long as it can absorb the dust generated by the mining working face. The fixed block can be fixed on the mine wall by any existing method, as long as it can be fixed, such as anchoring on the mine wall. When in use, the fixed block is installed on the mine wall corresponding to the rear side of the air suction port of the negative pressure dust removal mechanism, and then the vertical dust control assembly and the rotating dust control assembly are installed and fixed on the fixed block; then the excavation working face is dusted by the negative pressure dust removal mechanism, and negative pressure is formed while dusting and exhausting, and then the air intake fan is used to press the air flow into the air intake duct, and different guide fans are used to introduce the air flow to the vertical dust control assembly and the rotating dust control assembly through the main guide duct and the secondary guide duct respectively, and then the air flow ejected by the vertical dust control assembly forms a wind curtain barrier in the mine passage, and then the air flow ejected by the rotating dust control assembly blows the dust generated by the excavation working face and dissipated to the rear side of the mine to the excavation working face, and then the compressed air flow is formed through the compressed air duct, and the large amount of dust generated by the excavation working face is blown to the side of the negative pressure dust removal mechanism through the compressed air flow. By adopting the structure of the present application, a negative pressure airflow can be formed on the mining face through a negative pressure dust removal mechanism, thereby sucking the generated dust under negative pressure. At the same time, a wind curtain barrier is formed in the mine passage through a vertical dust control component, and the dust generated on the mining face is blocked on the inner side of the wind curtain barrier and pushed toward the mining face. In addition, airflow is sprayed toward the mining face by rotating the dust control component, thereby increasing the efficiency of pressing the dust inward, and the dust is blown toward the negative pressure dust removal mechanism in cooperation with the compressed air flow blown out by the compressed air duct, thereby controlling the dust near the head, and then sucking it in cooperation with the negative pressure dust removal mechanism to prevent a large amount of dust from escaping into the mine passage.

[0007] Furthermore, the vertical dust control assembly includes a trapezoidal air guide strip detachably connected to the fixed block, an air guide slot is provided in the trapezoidal air guide strip, the opening of the air guide slot is oriented toward the small end of the trapezoidal air guide strip, and the air guide slot is connected to the main air flow pipe. One end of the main air flow pipe is connected to the air inlet duct, and the other end is connected to the trapezoidal air guide strip, such as: the other end of the main air flow pipe is connected to a side opening of the trapezoidal air guide strip, so that the air inlet duct and the air guide slot are connected, and any existing connection method can be used as long as the technical principle of the present application can be realized. By adopting this structure, the wind can be introduced into the wind guide groove of the trapezoidal wind guide strip through the corresponding guide fan cooperating with the main guide pipe, and sprayed outward through the opening of the wind guide groove, thereby forming wind flow; and the opening of the wind guide groove is the small end of the trapezoidal wind guide strip. Since the air intake is greater than the air outlet of the small end, the wind flow will fill the wind guide groove and then be sprayed out from the opening of the wind guide groove, thereby pressurizing and accelerating the wind flow, so that the formed wind curtain barrier has a stronger blocking effect, preventing dust from escaping in the mine passage.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotating dust control assembly includes two mounting brackets detachably connected to the fixed block, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected between the two mounting brackets, a motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is provided on any of the mounting brackets, and a plurality of nozzles are detachably connected to the rotating shaft, and the plurality of nozzles are connected to the secondary guide tube. Among them, the secondary guide tube is a bifurcated tube, the main end of the secondary guide tube is connected to the air inlet duct, and each bifurcated end is respectively connected to a nozzle, so that the air can be directed to multiple nozzles. A connecting seat that can be detachably connected is provided on the nozzle, and is detachably connected to the rotating shaft through the connecting seat. The nozzle can adopt any one of the existing technologies as long as it can realize the ejection of airflow. The mounting bracket can be detachably connected to the fixed block by any existing method. By adopting this structure, the corresponding guide fan can be used to cooperate with the secondary guide pipe to introduce airflow into the nozzle, and then multiple jet airflows can be formed through multiple nozzles, so as to blow the dust toward the mining working face and disperse the laminar flow of dust escaping to the outside, reduce the dust prevention pressure of the vertical dust control component, and improve the dust suppression efficiency; at the same time, the motor can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so as to adjust the angle of the nozzle and make the nozzle reciprocate back and forth, thereby providing a larger blowing area.

[0009] Furthermore, a cone tube is provided on the outside of the air inlet duct corresponding to the guide fan, the large end of the cone tube faces the guide fan, and the main guide tube or the secondary guide tube is connected with the small end of the corresponding cone tube. With this structure, the wind flow in the air inlet duct can be introduced into the corresponding cone tube through the corresponding guide fan, so that the corresponding cone tube is used to guide the corresponding main guide tube or the secondary guide tube, and the main guide tube or the secondary guide tube is connected with the small end of the corresponding cone tube, so that the wind flow passes through the large end of the cone tube and then to the small end, and finally enters the main guide tube or the secondary guide tube, so as to realize the first pressurization and acceleration of the wind flow, thereby increasing the pressure of the vertical dust control component or the rotating dust control component entering the wind flow, and improving the dust control efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixing block is provided with a screw, the trapezoidal air guide strip is provided with a through hole matching the screw, and the screw is threadedly connected with a barrel cap for limiting the trapezoidal air guide strip. With this structure, the through hole of the trapezoidal air guide strip can be aligned with the screw, so that the screw passes through, and then the barrel cap is threadedly connected to the screw, and the trapezoidal air guide strip is fixed in a limited position. The disassembly and assembly structure is simple, and can be convenient for adjusting the position of the trapezoidal air guide strip according to the advancement of the mining working face in the later stage.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixed block is arranged on the upper wall of the mine, and the opening of the air guide groove faces the opposite side of the upper wall of the mine. With this structure, the fixed block is fixedly installed on the upper wall of the mine, so that the vertical dust control assembly and the rotating dust control assembly are installed at the upper end of the mine passage, so as to control dust downward, so that the staff has a better field of vision when working.

[0012] Furthermore, the negative pressure dust removal mechanism includes a plurality of connected negative pressure air ducts, a negative pressure fan for cooperating with the negative pressure air duct to extract airflow, the dust suction port of the innermost section of the negative pressure air duct is located on the side of the vertical dust control assembly facing the excavation working face, and the outermost section of the negative pressure air duct extending out of the mine passage is provided with a dust collector. Among them, the dust collector can adopt any dry dust collector or wet dust collector in the prior art. The dust suction port of the innermost section of the negative pressure air duct is located on the inner side of the trapezoidal air guide strip. A negative pressure fan is provided in each section of the negative pressure air duct. With this structure, the overall negative pressure channel can be conveniently extended through multiple sections of negative pressure air ducts, and the airflow can be extracted by the negative pressure fan and moved to the dust collector.

[0013] Furthermore, each section of the negative pressure air duct is provided with a pipe connection port, and a spaced dust collection component is detachably connected to the negative pressure air duct corresponding to the pipe connection port. With this structure, a spaced dust collection component can be provided on each section of the negative pressure air duct, so that the dust raised by the workers in the mine passage when walking in the mine passage or transporting the corresponding mineral products can be sucked into the negative pressure air duct, thereby reducing the dust in the mine passage.

[0014] Furthermore, the interval dust collection assembly includes a dust collection pipe detachably connected to the negative pressure air duct corresponding to the pipe connection port, and a dust removal one-way valve and an exhaust fan are sequentially arranged in the dust collection pipe from the connection end to the other end, and a plurality of dust collection holes are opened on the dust collection pipe. With this structure, dust can be sucked in through the exhaust fan and the dust collection holes of the dust collection pipe, and enter the negative pressure air duct after passing through the dust removal one-way valve, and the setting of the dust removal one-way valve can prevent the dust in the negative pressure air duct from escaping from the dust collection holes when the exhaust fan is not turned on.

[0015] Furthermore, a spiral guide plate is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the dust suction pipe. With this structure, dust can be guided to enter the dust suction pipe in a spiral shape, and the airflow obtains a rotating motion, so that the dust entering the dust suction pipe forms a vortex, thereby increasing the dust suction range and dust suction speed and improving the dust removal effect.

[0016] Beneficial effect: By adopting the structure of the present application, a negative pressure airflow can be formed on the mining face through a negative pressure dust removal mechanism, thereby sucking the generated dust under negative pressure. At the same time, a wind curtain barrier is formed in the mine passage through a vertical dust control component, and the dust generated on the mining face is blocked on the inner side of the wind curtain barrier and pushed toward the mining face. In addition, airflow is sprayed toward the mining face by rotating the dust control component, thereby increasing the efficiency of pressing the dust inward, and the dust is blown toward the negative pressure dust removal mechanism in cooperation with the compressed air flow blown out by the compressed air duct, thereby controlling the dust near the head, and then sucking it in cooperation with the negative pressure dust removal mechanism to prevent a large amount of dust from escaping into the mine passage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dust control mechanism of this embodiment being laid in a mine passage;

[0018] Figure 2 A side view schematic diagram of a guide fan of this embodiment installed on an air inlet duct;

[0019] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a negative pressure air duct of this embodiment;

[0020] Figure 4 is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of a trapezoidal air guide strip of this embodiment;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of part of the air inlet duct of this embodiment.

[0022] Figure numerals: air inlet duct 1, compressed air duct 2, fixed block 3, guide fan 4, trapezoidal air guide strip 5, air guide groove 6, mounting frame 7, rotating shaft 8, motor 9, nozzle 10, conical tube 11, screw 12, tube cap 13, negative pressure air duct 14, negative pressure fan 15, dust suction pipe 16, dust removal one-way valve 17, exhaust fan 18, dust suction hole 19, spiral guide plate 20. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of a negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with an embodiment.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, a negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines in this embodiment includes a dust control mechanism and a negative pressure dust removal mechanism; the dust control mechanism includes an air inlet duct 1, an air inlet fan for pressing airflow into the air inlet duct 1, a compressed air duct 2 for forming a compressed air flow, a vertical dust control component for forming a vertical wind curtain, a rotating dust control component for forming a jet airflow, and a fixed block 3 arranged on the mine wall and used to install and fix the vertical dust control component and the rotating dust control component, the compressed air duct 2 is arranged at the inner end of the air inlet duct 1, the vertical dust control component is connected with the air inlet duct 1 through a main guide duct, the rotating dust control component is connected with the air inlet duct 1 through a secondary guide duct, and the air inlet duct 1 is provided with a guide fan 4 for introducing airflow into the main guide duct and the secondary guide duct; the rotating dust control component is located on the side of the vertical dust control component facing the excavation working face. The vertical dust control component includes a trapezoidal air guide strip 5 detachably connected to the fixed block 3, and an air guide groove 6 is provided in the trapezoidal air guide strip 5. The opening of the air guide groove 6 faces the small end of the trapezoidal air guide strip 5, and the air guide groove 6 is connected to the main guide pipe. The rotating dust control component includes two mounting brackets 7 detachably connected to the fixed block 3, and a rotating shaft 8 is rotatably connected between the two mounting brackets 7. A motor 9 for driving the rotating shaft 8 to rotate is provided on any of the mounting brackets 7. A plurality of nozzles 10 are detachably connected to the rotating shaft 8, and the plurality of nozzles 10 are connected to the secondary guide pipe. A conical tube 11 is provided on the outer side of the air inlet duct 1 corresponding to the guide fan 4, and the large end of the conical tube 11 faces the guide fan 4. The main guide pipe or the secondary guide pipe is connected to the corresponding small end of the conical tube 11. The fixing block 3 is provided with a screw 12, and the trapezoidal air guide strip 5 is provided with a through hole for matching the screw 12, and the screw 12 is threadedly connected with a barrel cap 13 for limiting the trapezoidal air guide strip 5. The fixing block 3 is arranged on the upper wall of the mine, and the opening of the air guide groove 6 faces the opposite side of the upper wall of the mine. The negative pressure dust removal mechanism includes a plurality of connected negative pressure air ducts 14, and a negative pressure fan 15 for matching the negative pressure air duct 14 to extract airflow, the dust suction port of the innermost section of the negative pressure air duct 14 is located on the side of the vertical dust control component facing the excavation working face, and the outermost section of the negative pressure air duct 14 extends out of the mine passage and is provided with a dust collector. Each section of the negative pressure air duct 14 is provided with a pipe connection port, and the negative pressure air duct 14 is detachably connected with an interval dust suction component corresponding to the pipe connection port. The interval dust collection assembly includes a dust collection pipe 16 detachably connected to the negative pressure air duct 14 corresponding to the pipe connection port, a dust removal one-way valve 17 and an exhaust fan 18 are sequentially arranged in the dust collection pipe 16 from the connection end to the other end, and a plurality of dust collection holes 19 are opened on the dust collection pipe 16. A spiral guide plate 20 is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the dust collection pipe 16.When in use, the fixed block 3 is installed on the mine wall at the rear side of the air suction port of the negative pressure dust removal mechanism corresponding to the fixed block 3, and then the vertical dust control assembly and the rotating dust control assembly are installed and fixed on the fixed block 3; then the negative pressure dust removal mechanism is used to vacuum the excavation working face, and negative pressure is formed while vacuuming and exhausting the air, and then the air flow is pressed into the air inlet duct 1 by the air inlet fan, and the air flow is introduced into the vertical dust control assembly and the rotating dust control assembly respectively through the main guide pipe and the secondary guide pipe through different guide fans 4, and then the air flow ejected by the vertical dust control assembly forms a wind curtain barrier in the mine passage, and then the air flow ejected by the rotating dust control assembly blows the dust generated on the mining working face and dispersed to the rear side of the mine to the mining working face, and then a compressed air flow is formed through the compressed air duct, and a large amount of dust generated on the mining working face is blown to the side of the negative pressure dust removal mechanism through the compressed air flow. By adopting the structure of the present application, a negative pressure airflow can be formed on the mining face through a negative pressure dust removal mechanism, thereby sucking the generated dust under negative pressure. At the same time, a wind curtain barrier is formed in the mine passage through a vertical dust control component, and the dust generated on the mining face is blocked on the inner side of the wind curtain barrier and pushed toward the mining face. In addition, airflow is sprayed toward the mining face by rotating the dust control component, thereby increasing the efficiency of pressing the dust inward, and the dust is blown toward the negative pressure dust removal mechanism in cooperation with the compressed air flow blown out by the compressed air duct, thereby controlling the dust near the head, and then sucking it in cooperation with the negative pressure dust removal mechanism to prevent a large amount of dust from escaping into the mine passage. Figure 1 The arrows in the figure indicate the directions of the wind flows.

[0026] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines, characterized in that: The invention comprises a dust control mechanism and a negative pressure dust removal mechanism; the dust control mechanism comprises an air inlet duct, an air inlet fan for pressing air flow into the air inlet duct, a compressed air duct for forming a compressed air flow, a vertical dust control component for forming a vertical wind curtain, a rotating dust control component for forming a jet air flow, and a fixing block arranged on the mine wall and used for installing and fixing the vertical dust control component and the rotating dust control component, the compressed air duct is arranged at the inner end of the air inlet duct, the vertical dust control component is connected to the air inlet duct through a main flow pipe, and the rotating dust control component is connected to the main flow pipe through a main flow pipe. The secondary guide pipe is connected with the air inlet duct, and the air inlet duct is provided with a guide fan for introducing airflow into the main guide pipe and the secondary guide pipe; the rotating dust control component is located on the side of the vertical dust control component facing the excavation working face; the rotating dust control component includes two mounting frames detachably connected to the fixed block, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected between the two mounting frames, any of the mounting frames is provided with a motor for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, and a plurality of nozzles are detachably connected to the rotating shaft, and the plurality of nozzles are connected with the secondary guide pipe.

2. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical dust control assembly includes a trapezoidal air guide strip detachably connected to the fixed block, an air guide groove is provided in the trapezoidal air guide strip, the opening of the air guide groove faces the small end of the trapezoidal air guide strip, and the air guide groove is connected to the main air flow pipe.

3. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A conical tube is arranged outside the air inlet duct corresponding to the guide fan, the large end of the conical tube faces the guide fan, and the main guide tube or the secondary guide tube is connected to the small end of the corresponding conical tube.

4. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing block is provided with a screw rod, the trapezoidal air guide strip is provided with a through hole matching the screw rod, and the screw rod is threadedly connected with a barrel cap for limiting the trapezoidal air guide strip.

5. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing block is arranged on the upper wall of the mine, and the opening of the air guide groove faces the opposite side of the upper wall of the mine.

6. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure dust removal mechanism includes multiple sections of connected negative pressure air ducts and a negative pressure fan for cooperating with the negative pressure air duct to extract airflow. The dust suction port of the innermost section of the negative pressure air duct is located on the side of the vertical dust control component facing the excavation working face, and the outermost section of the negative pressure air duct extends out of the mine passage and is provided with a dust collector.

7. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each section of the negative pressure air duct is provided with a pipe connection port, and the negative pressure air duct is detachably connected with an interval dust collection component corresponding to the pipe connection port.

8. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The interval dust suction assembly includes a dust suction pipe detachably connected to the negative pressure air duct corresponding to the pipe connection port, a dust removal one-way valve and an exhaust fan are sequentially arranged in the dust suction pipe from the connection end to the other end, and a plurality of dust suction holes are opened on the dust suction pipe.

9. A negative pressure ventilation and dust removal device for mines according to claim 8, characterized in that: A spiral guide plate is spirally arranged on the outer side wall of the dust suction pipe.

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