Fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional operation

Abstract

The invention discloses a neurology department interventional operation head shifting prevention fixing device, and relates to the field of neurology departments, the neurology department interventional operation head shifting prevention fixing device is characterized in that a mounting outer plate is mounted on the upper surface of a fixing base, a fixing connecting rod is mounted in the mounting outer plate, and a head placing pillow is mounted in the mounting outer plate; and the head placing pillow is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed base, an upper fixed clamping jaw is installed on the lower surface of the fixed connecting rod, and downward pressing abutting blocks are installed on the left side and the right side of the upper fixed clamping jaw. According to the fixing device for preventing the head from shifting in the neurological interventional operation, a rotating transmission gear and a meshing gear rod generate meshing movement through a rotating gear, the meshing gear rod drives a traction plate to slide downwards along the side face of an outer mounting plate, and the traction plate slides downwards to drive a fixed connecting rod to move downwards; the fixed connecting rod drives the upper fixed clamping jaw downwards, the upper fixed clamping jaw presses the abutting block downwards to extrude the reset spring downwards, and the process of adjusting the size of the head of the patient is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of neurology, and in particular to a fixing device for preventing head displacement during neurology interventional surgery. Background Art

[0002] Neurology is a secondary discipline related to neurology, mainly treating cerebrovascular diseases, migraines, and inflammatory brain diseases. When medical staff treat neurology patients, most of them need to perform surgery on the patients' brains, so they need a type of fixation device to fix the patient's head.

[0003] The spacing between the clamps of most devices currently available on the market is mostly fixed, but the head circumference of patients is different, and it is difficult to adjust according to actual needs, which is inconvenient to use. At the same time, it is difficult for the two sides of the fixing device to move synchronously when moving, and the whole device is not conducive to long-term use.

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects, the prior art (application number: CN221866017U, Chinese patent with application date of 2023-12-27) discloses a fixing device for preventing head displacement, including a device housing, universal wheels are installed at the four corners of the bottom end of the device housing, the top end of the device housing is fixedly connected to a medical bed, and a control switch is provided on one side of the medical bed; an adjustment component, the inside and outside of the device housing are jointly provided with an adjustment component; a limiting component, the inside of the device housing and the medical bed are provided with a limiting component. The utility model can achieve the purpose of adjusting the fixed spacing according to the use requirements through the coordinated use of an electric push rod, a clamp, a moving ring, a connecting rod and a connecting column, better match the patient's head size and shape, and more accurately fix the patient's head for effective treatment and rehabilitation, and also effectively prevent the patient from unconsciously moving during surgery, facilitate the operation, and improve the success rate and efficiency of the operation.

[0005] Although the existing technology can solve the above problems, the adjustment design of most devices is too complicated, which is not convenient for patients with more serious injuries. In addition, the lateral adjustment operation cannot be well linked while adjusting the upper and lower diameters, which may result in unstable fixation of the patient's brain. In addition, the lateral fixation method is relatively rigid and cannot be well adjusted according to the patient's head circumference. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fixation device for preventing the head from shifting during interventional neurological surgery, so as to solve the problem that the adjustment design of most devices proposed in the above-mentioned background technology is too complicated, which is not convenient enough for patients with more serious injuries, and the lateral adjustment operation cannot be well linked while adjusting the upper and lower diameters, which may result in unstable fixation of the patient's brain, and the lateral fixation method is relatively rigid and cannot be well adjusted according to the patient's head circumference.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a fixing device for preventing head displacement during neurological interventional surgery, comprising an outer mounting plate installed on the upper surface of the fixing base, a fixing connecting rod installed inside the outer mounting plate, a head resting pillow installed inside the outer mounting plate, and the head resting pillow is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixing base, an upper fixing jaw installed on the lower surface of the fixing connecting rod, and downward pressing resistance blocks are installed on the left and right sides of the upper fixing jaw, a traction plate is installed on the outer surface of the fixing connecting rod, and a meshing elastic mechanism for sliding the upper fixing jaw up and down is installed at the lower end of the traction plate The meshing elastic mechanism comprises a return spring, and the return spring is installed on the lower surface of the downward pressing resistance block, the lower end of the return spring is installed with a limited sliding frame, and the limited sliding frame is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting outer plate, the side of the limited sliding frame is provided with a first inner groove, and the downward pressing resistance block slides up and down along the inside of the first inner groove, the outer surface of the fixed connecting rod is installed with a traction plate, and the lower surface of the traction plate is installed with an engagement gear rod, the side of the engagement gear rod is installed with a rotating gear, and the rotating gear is rotatably installed on the side surface of the mounting outer plate, and the traction plate is slidably installed on the side surface of the mounting outer plate; A transmission gear is installed below the rotating gear, and a meshing transmission mechanism for rotating the side auxiliary clamping claw is installed at the center of the transmission gear.

[0008] Furthermore, the meshing transmission mechanism includes a transmission rod, and the transmission rod is fixedly installed at the center position of the transmission gear, a first gear is installed on the outer surface of the transmission rod, and the transmission rod is rotatably installed inside the fixed base.

[0009] Furthermore, a second gear is installed on the side of the first gear, and a traction rotating rod is installed on the side of the second gear. A third inner groove is opened on the surface of the traction rotating rod, and a lateral auxiliary clamp is installed inside the third inner groove.

[0010] Furthermore, a second inner groove is opened on the upper surface of the fixed base, and the traction rotating rod swings back and forth inside the second inner groove. A third inner groove is opened on the positioning outer surface of the traction rotating rod, and a buffer spring is installed inside the third inner groove.

[0011] Furthermore, the buffer spring is rotatably installed on the back of the side auxiliary clamp, and the side auxiliary clamp and the buffer spring are installed in two groups symmetrically about the center point of the upper fixed clamp. An elastic telescopic rope is installed on the back of the traction rotating rod, and the elastic telescopic rope is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the mounting outer plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the traction plate and the meshing gear rod are of an integrated design, and the outer surface of the mounting outer plate contacts the inner surface of the traction plate to form a sliding structure, and the outer surface of the meshing gear rod contacts the outer surface of the rotating gear to form a meshing structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the rotating gear is fixedly installed with the outer surface of the meshing gear rod through the lower end of the traction plate to form a transmission structure, and the outer surface of the rotating gear contacts the outer surface of the transmission gear to form a meshing structure, and the transmission gear is rotatably installed on the side of the mounting outer plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer surface of the downward-pressing resisting block contacts the inner surface of the first inner groove to form a sliding structure, and the lower surface of the downward-pressing resisting block contacts the upper surface of the return spring to form an elastic structure.

[0015] Furthermore, the fixed base is fixedly connected to the mounting outer plate, and the fixed connecting rod is fixedly connected to the two sides of the upper fixed clamp and the downward pressure resistance block to form a transmission structure, and the upper fixed clamp and the head rest pillow are arc-shaped in design, and the descending path of the upper fixed clamp corresponds to the installation position of the head rest pillow.

[0016] Furthermore, the downward-pressing resistance block, the return spring and the limit sliding frame are symmetrically installed in two groups about the center point of the fixed base, and the fixed connecting rod and the traction plate are of an integrated design, and the upper fixed clamp slides synchronously with the downward sliding of the traction plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery, the rotating transmission gear generates meshing motion by rotating the gear and the meshing gear rod, the meshing gear rod drives the traction plate to slide downward along the side of the mounting outer plate, the downward sliding of the traction plate drives the fixed connecting rod to move downward, the fixed connecting rod drives the upper fixed clamp downward, the upper fixed clamp squeezes the reset spring downward by pressing the resistance block, and the size adjustment process of the patient's head is completed; Furthermore, when the rotating gear is rotated, the transmission gear also rotates synchronously, and the transmission gear drives the transmission rod to rotate inside the mounting outer plate. The rotation of the transmission rod drives the first gear to rotate together, and the first gear and the second gear generate meshing motion. The second gear drives the traction rotating rod to rotate along the inner circumference of the auxiliary rotating frame to complete the rotation operation of the lateral auxiliary clamping claw. Such a design can better protect the patient's head. Furthermore, when the side auxiliary clamp contacts the patient's head, due to the different diameters of the patient's head, the side auxiliary clamp pushes the buffer spring backward along the third inner groove. The buffer spring will continue to slide inside the third inner groove according to the patient's head diameter until it reaches a comfortable and appropriate diameter for the patient, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically adjusting the patient's head diameter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed base of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of installing the outer panel of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the traction rotating rod of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed connecting rod of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the traction plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the elastic retractable rope of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the side auxiliary clamping claw of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first inner tank of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the meshing gear rod of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 1. fixed base; 2. installed outer plate; 3. fixed connecting rod; 4. traction plate; 5. upper fixed clamp; 6. lower pressing contact block; 7. reset spring; 8. limited sliding frame; 9. first inner groove; 10. elastic telescopic rope; 11. side auxiliary clamp; 12. traction rotating rod; 13. buffer spring; 14. second inner groove; 15. head rest pillow; 16. meshing gear rod; 17. rotating gear; 18. transmission gear; 19. transmission rod; 20. first gear; 21. second gear; 22. auxiliary rotating frame; 23. third inner groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-9The present invention provides the following technical solution: a fixing device for preventing head displacement during neurological interventional surgery, comprising a fixing base 1, an outer mounting plate 2 and a third inner groove 23.

[0022] The upper surface of the fixed base 1 is installed with an outer plate 2, and the inner part of the outer plate 2 is installed with a fixed connecting rod 3, the inner part of the outer plate 2 is installed with a head placement pillow 15, and the head placement pillow 15 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed base 1, the lower surface of the fixed connecting rod 3 is installed with an upper fixed clamping claw 5, and the left and right sides of the upper fixed clamping claw 5 are installed with a downward pressure resistance block 6, the outer surface of the fixed connecting rod 3 is installed with a traction plate 4, and the lower end of the traction plate 4 is installed with an engagement elastic mechanism for sliding the upper fixed clamping claw 5 up and down, the engagement elastic mechanism includes a reset spring 7, and the reset spring 7 is installed On the lower surface of the pressing contact block 6, a limited sliding frame 8 is installed at the lower end of the return spring 7, and the limited sliding frame 8 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting outer plate 2, a first inner groove 9 is opened on the side of the limited sliding frame 8, and the pressing contact block 6 slides up and down along the inside of the first inner groove 9, a traction plate 4 is installed on the outer surface of the fixed connecting rod 3, and a meshing gear rod 16 is installed on the lower surface of the traction plate 4, a rotating gear 17 is installed on the side of the meshing gear rod 16, and the rotating gear 17 is rotatably installed on the side surface of the mounting outer plate 2, and the traction plate 4 is slidably installed on the side surface of the mounting outer plate 2; A transmission gear 18 is installed below the rotating gear 17 , and a meshing transmission mechanism for rotating the lateral auxiliary clamping jaw 11 is installed at the center of the transmission gear 18 .

[0023] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8The technical solution shown in the figure, in order to solve the problem that the prior art fixation design above the patient's head is too complicated and inconvenient, discloses: the traction plate 4 and the meshing gear rod 16 are designed as an integral body, and the outer surface of the mounting outer plate 2 contacts the inner surface of the traction plate 4 to form a sliding structure, and the outer surface of the meshing gear rod 16 contacts the outer surface of the rotating gear 17 to form a meshing structure, the rotating gear 17 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the meshing gear rod 16 through the lower end of the traction plate 4 to form a transmission structure, and the outer surface of the rotating gear 17 contacts the outer surface of the transmission gear 18 to form a meshing structure, and the transmission gear 18 is rotatably mounted on the side of the mounting outer plate 2, and the outer surface of the downward-pressing contact block 6 contacts the first inner groove 9, the inner surface contacts form a sliding structure, and the lower surface of the downward pressure resistance block 6 contacts the upper surface of the return spring 7 to form an elastic structure, the fixed base 1 and the mounting outer plate 2 are fixedly connected, and the fixed connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected with the downward pressure resistance block 6 through the two sides of the upper fixed clamping jaw 5 to form a transmission structure, and the upper fixed clamping jaw 5 and the head placement pillow 15 are arc designs, and the descending path of the upper fixed clamping jaw 5 corresponds to the installation position of the head placement pillow 15, the downward pressure resistance block 6 and the return spring 7 and the limiting sliding frame 8 are symmetrically installed in two groups about the center point of the fixed base 1, and the fixed connecting rod 3 and the traction plate 4 are of an integrated design, and the upper fixed clamping jaw 5 slides synchronously with the downward sliding of the traction plate 4.

[0024] When the patient's head needs to be fixed, first rotate the rotating gear 17 installed on the side of the mounting outer plate 2. When the rotating gear 17 rotates, the rotating gear 17 drives the meshing gear rod 16 installed on the left side. The meshing gear rod 16 and the rotating gear 17 contact each other, so the meshing gear rod 16 moves downward due to the meshing movement of the rotating gear 17. The downward movement of the meshing gear rod 16 drives the traction plate 4 fixedly installed above to move downward synchronously. Since the traction plate 4 is slidably installed on the side of the mounting outer plate 2, the traction plate 4 keeps a horizontal track and slides downward. The downward movement of the traction plate 4 drives the fixed connecting rod 3 fixedly installed inside to pass through The top of the installed outer plate 2 moves downward synchronously. Since the fixed connecting rod 3 and the upper fixed clamp 5 are of an integrated design, the upper fixed clamp 5 moves synchronously. The movement of the upper fixed clamp 5 causes the downward pressure resistance blocks 6 fixedly installed on both sides to slide downward along the inside of the first inner groove 9. The downward sliding of the downward pressure resistance block 6 squeezes the return spring 7 installed inside the limiting sliding frame 8. Since there are two groups of upper fixed clamps 5, downward pressure resistance blocks 6, and return springs 7 and limiting sliding frames 8 symmetrically installed about the center point of the fixed base 1, the downward sliding process of the upper fixed clamp 5 driving the downward pressure resistance block 6 is very smooth, thereby ensuring the stability and comfort of the patient's head fixation.

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Fig. 9 The technical solution shown in the figure, in order to solve the problem that the side of the patient's head is not firmly fixed and is prone to slipping and swinging during the fixation process, discloses: the meshing transmission mechanism includes a transmission rod 19, and the transmission rod 19 is fixedly installed at the center position of the transmission gear 18, the outer surface of the transmission rod 19 is installed with a first gear 20, and the transmission rod 19 is rotatably installed inside the fixed base 1, the side of the first gear 20 is installed with a second gear 21, and the side of the second gear 21 is installed with a traction rotation rod 12, the surface of the traction rotation rod 12 is opened with a third inner groove 23, and the inside of the third inner groove 23 is installed with a side gear 20, and the side gear 20 is installed with a third inner groove 23. The side auxiliary clamp 11 is provided with a second inner groove 14 on the upper surface of the fixed base 1, and the traction rotating rod 12 swings back and forth inside the second inner groove 14, and the traction rotating rod 12 is provided with a third inner groove 23 on the positioning outer surface, and a buffer spring 13 is installed inside the third inner groove 23, and the buffer spring 13 is rotatably installed on the back side of the side auxiliary clamp 11, and the side auxiliary clamp 11 and the buffer spring 13 are installed in two groups symmetrically about the center point of the upper fixed clamp 5, and an elastic telescopic rope 10 is installed on the back side of the traction rotating rod 12, and the elastic telescopic rope 10 is fixedly installed on the inner surface of the mounting outer plate 2.

[0026] While rotating the rotating gear 17, the transmission gear 18 installed on the side of the mounting outer plate 2 is rotated to generate meshing motion. The rotation of the transmission gear 18 drives the transmission rod 19 fixedly installed at the center position to rotate in a circle along the inside of the fixed base 1, and the first gear 20 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the transmission rod 19 rotates synchronously therewith, and the rotation trajectory of the first gear 20 contacts the second gear 21 and generates meshing motion at the same time. After the first gear 20 drives the second gear 21 to rotate, the second gear 21 rotates in a circle along the inside of the auxiliary rotating frame 22, and at the same time, the traction rotating rod 12 fixedly installed above the second gear 21 rotates along The meshing movement performs synchronous swinging inside the second inner groove 14, and the swing of the traction rotating rod 12 contacts the two sides of the patient's head through the side auxiliary clamping jaws 11. When the side auxiliary clamping jaws 11 contact the sides of the patient's head, the side auxiliary clamping jaws 11 automatically shrink backward along the inside of the third inner groove 23 through the buffer spring 13 installed by rear rotation, so as to achieve the function of automatically adjusting the diameter of the patient's head. When the traction rotating rod 12 swings forward, the elastic telescopic rope 10 fixedly installed on the inner surface of the mounting outer plate 2 behind the traction rotating rod 12 extends forward, and automatically resets after the movement is completed without affecting the patient's head raising process.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixing device for preventing head displacement during neurological interventional surgery, comprising a fixing base (1), a mounting outer plate (2) and a third inner groove (23); Features: The upper surface of the fixed base (1) is mounted with a mounting outer plate (2), and a fixed connecting rod (3) is mounted inside the mounting outer plate (2), a head placement pillow (15) is mounted inside the mounting outer plate (2), and the head placement pillow (15) is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the fixed base (1), an upper fixed clamping claw (5) is mounted on the lower surface of the fixed connecting rod (3), and downward pressing blocks (6) are mounted on the left and right sides of the upper fixed clamping claw (5), a traction plate (4) is mounted on the outer surface of the fixed connecting rod (3), and an engaging elastic mechanism for sliding the upper fixed clamping claw (5) up and down is mounted at the lower end of the traction plate (4), and the engaging elastic mechanism includes a reset spring (7), and the reset spring (7) is mounted A limit sliding frame (8) is installed at the lower end of the return spring (7) on the lower surface of the downward pressing contact block (6), and the limit sliding frame (8) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting outer plate (2). A first inner groove (9) is opened on the side of the limit sliding frame (8), and the downward pressing contact block (6) slides up and down along the inside of the first inner groove (9). A traction plate (4) is installed on the outer surface of the fixed connecting rod (3), and a meshing gear rod (16) is installed on the lower surface of the traction plate (4). A rotating gear (17) is installed on the side of the meshing gear rod (16), and the rotating gear (17) is rotatably installed on the side surface of the mounting outer plate (2), and the traction plate (4) is slidably installed on the side surface of the mounting outer plate (2); A transmission gear (18) is installed below the rotating gear (17), and a meshing transmission mechanism for rotating the lateral auxiliary clamping claw (11) is installed at the center of the transmission gear (18).

2. A fixation device for preventing head displacement during neurological interventional surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meshing transmission mechanism comprises a transmission rod (19), and the transmission rod (19) is fixedly mounted at the center of a circle of a transmission gear (18), a first gear (20) is mounted on the outer surface of the transmission rod (19), and the transmission rod (19) is rotatably mounted inside the fixed base (1).

3. A fixation device for preventing head displacement during neurological interventional surgery according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second gear (21) is mounted on the side of the first gear (20), and a traction rotating rod (12) is mounted on the side of the second gear (21). A third inner groove (23) is formed on the surface of the traction rotating rod (12), and a lateral auxiliary clamping claw (11) is mounted inside the third inner groove (23).

4. The fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second inner groove (14) is provided on the upper surface of the fixed base (1), and the traction rotating rod (12) swings back and forth inside the second inner groove (14). A third inner groove (23) is provided on the positioning outer surface of the traction rotating rod (12), and a buffer spring (13) is installed inside the third inner groove (23).

5. The fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The buffer spring (13) is rotatably mounted on the back of the side auxiliary clamp (11), and the side auxiliary clamp (11) and the buffer spring (13) are installed in two groups symmetrically about the center point of the upper fixed clamp (5). The back of the traction rotating rod (12) is installed with an elastic telescopic rope (10), and the elastic telescopic rope (10) is fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the mounting outer plate (2).

6. The fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction plate (4) and the meshing gear rod (16) are of an integrated design, and the outer surface of the mounting outer plate (2) contacts the inner surface of the traction plate (4) to form a sliding structure, and the outer surface of the meshing gear rod (16) contacts the outer surface of the rotating gear (17) to form a meshing structure.

7. The fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating gear (17) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the meshing gear rod (16) through the lower end of the traction plate (4) to form a transmission structure, and the outer surface of the rotating gear (17) contacts the outer surface of the transmission gear (18) to form a meshing structure, and the transmission gear (18) is rotatably mounted on the side of the mounting outer plate (2).

8. The fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the downward pressing contact block (6) contacts the inner surface of the first inner groove (9) to form a sliding structure, and the lower surface of the downward pressing contact block (6) contacts the upper surface of the return spring (7) to form an elastic structure.

9. The fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed base (1) is fixedly connected to the mounting outer plate (2), and the fixed connecting rod (3) is fixedly connected to the lower pressing contact block (6) through two sides of the upper fixed clamping jaw (5) to form a transmission structure, and the upper fixed clamping jaw (5) and the head placement pillow (15) are designed as arcs, and the descending path of the upper fixed clamping jaw (5) corresponds to the installation position of the head placement pillow (15).

10. The fixing device for preventing head displacement in neurological interventional surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downward pressing resistance block (6), the return spring (7) and the limit sliding frame (8) are symmetrically installed in two groups about the center point of the fixed base (1), and the fixed connecting rod (3) and the traction plate (4) are of an integrated design, and the upper fixed clamping claw (5) slides synchronously with the downward sliding of the traction plate (4).

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