A data processing method and a second communication device

Abstract

The present application provides a data processing method and a second communication device for solving the problem of long data synchronization time in the prior art. It can be applied to fields such as augmented reality AR, virtual reality VR, artificial intelligence AI, or cloud applications. Among them, the data processing method includes the second optical module receiving the first data from the first optical module, and determining the synchronization loss based on the first data; the second optical module sending a first indication message to the second host to indicate that the second optical module has lost synchronization lock; the second optical module receiving the second data from the first optical module, and determining the synchronization lock based on the second data, and sending a second indication message to the second host to indicate that the second optical module has been synchronized and locked. The second optical module indicates the synchronization status of the second optical module to the second host through the first indication message and the second indication message, so that the second host can quickly start (or enter) the synchronization process without waiting for a long time, which helps to reduce the duration of data synchronization.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the application submitted to the China Intellectual Property Office with an application date of March 8, 2022, application number 202210220031.2, and invention name “A data processing method and a second communication device”. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a data processing method and a second communication device. Background Art

[0003] With the continued rapid growth of data traffic, the capacity of communication equipment is also rapidly increasing, and the demand for Ethernet transmission speeds is also increasing. The International Standards Organization has defined the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 Ethernet protocol, which defines the interface protocols for 100 Gigabit Ethernet (GE), 200 GE, and 400 GE. However, 400 GE network port technology is no longer able to meet the demand, and the next generation of Ethernet technology with throughput exceeding 400 Gbits per second (Gbps) (such as 800 Gbps or 1.6 Tbps) is urgently needed.

[0004] However, the increase in Ethernet transmission speed increases the bit error rate, necessitating data synchronization and alignment during data transmission. Currently, the 400GE synchronization and alignment mechanism primarily captures alignment marker (AM) sequences. Typically, an AM subsequence is detected every 163,840 × 257 bits. Data synchronization is confirmed after two consecutive AM subsequences are found to be correctly matched. Data synchronization is determined to be out of sync after five consecutive AM subsequences are found to be incorrectly matched. Due to the large intervals between AM subsequences, data synchronization takes a long time, increasing data transmission latency.

[0005] In summary, how to reduce the duration of data synchronization is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application provides a data processing method and a second communication device for reducing the duration of data synchronization.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which includes a second communication device receiving first data from a first communication device, and determining synchronization loss (or called unsynchronized, misaligned, or unsynchronized aligned, etc.) based on the first data; sending first indication information to a fourth communication device, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communication device has lost synchronization lock; the second communication device receiving second data from the first communication device, and determining synchronization lock (or called synchronized, aligned, or synchronized aligned, etc.) based on the second data, and sending second indication information to the fourth communication device, and the second indication information is used to indicate that the second communication device has been synchronized locked.

[0008] Based on the above solution, after the second communication device determines that synchronization lock has been lost, it sends first indication information indicating that the second communication device has lost synchronization lock to the fourth communication device. This allows the fourth communication device to determine that the first data is invalid data, thereby helping to reduce the fourth communication device's computing overhead. Furthermore, after the second communication device determines that synchronization lock has been achieved, it sends second indication information indicating that the second communication device has been synchronized to the fourth communication device. This allows the fourth communication device to quickly initiate (or enter) the synchronization process without having to wait for a long time, thereby helping to reduce the duration of data synchronization.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the second communication device includes a second optical module, the first communication device includes a first optical module, and the fourth communication device includes a second host.

[0010] For ease of explanation, the following description uses the second optical module as the second communication device, the first optical module as the first communication device, the first host as the third communication device, and the second host as the fourth communication device. In other words, the first optical module can be replaced by the first communication device, the second optical module can be replaced by the second communication device, the first host can be replaced by the third communication device, and the second host can be replaced by the fourth communication device.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the second optical module sends third data to the second host, where the third data is obtained by replacing part of the second data with a first preset sequence, and the first preset sequence is used for synchronization of the second host.

[0012] By replacing part of the second data with the first preset sequence, it helps to save bandwidth between the second optical module and the second host; moreover, the second host can be synchronized based on the first preset sequence in the third data, without having to wait for a long time for the first host to insert the AM subsequence in the second data at a larger interval to determine whether it is synchronized, thereby helping to further reduce the synchronization time of the data.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first preset sequence is at least one subsequence in an AM group, which may be referred to as an AM subsequence.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the second optical module may send the second indication information to the second host through the indication signal path of the attachment unit interface (AUI). Alternatively, the second optical module may send the second indication information to the second host through the management data input / output (MDIO) interface. The indication signal path may be, for example, inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication, where inst represents an instance. For example, if inst is the FEC sublayer, the indication signal path may be expressed as FEC:IS_SIGNAL.indication. inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication is generated by a set of signal indication logic (SIL) and is used to report the validity of the signal received from the lower-layer processing unit. The various detection indication signals generated by the second optical module are integrated into the inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication path through the signal indication logic SIL and sent to the second host.

[0015] The second optical module can send the second indication information to the second host in real time at high speed through the indication signal path of AUI; through the MDIO interface, the second indication information can be sent to the second host without changing the processing flow of the existing data flow.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the second optical module may send the third data to the second host via the first data flow path of the AUI, where the first data flow path may be, for example, inst:IS_UNITDATA.indication.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the second optical module may send the first indication information to the second host through an indication signal path of the AUI.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the second optical module may send the first data to the second host through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0019] As follows, three possible ways of replacing part of the second data with the first preset sequence are exemplarily shown.

[0020] Mode A: replacing the complete second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, where N is an integer greater than 1; the second optical module replaces w of the N second codewords with the first preset sequence to obtain third data, where w is a positive integer less than or equal to N. Furthermore, w is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

[0022] Furthermore, the length of the first preset sequence is equal to a positive integer multiple of the code length of a second codeword.

[0023] By replacing the complete second codeword with the first preset, the second host can quickly determine the boundary of each second codeword of the received second data, thereby reducing the time required for synchronization and reducing the complexity of synchronization calculation on the second host side.

[0024] Mode B: The second overhead block in the second codeword is replaced with the first preset sequence.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, and N is an integer greater than 1; the second optical module replaces the second overhead blocks of w second codewords in the N second codewords with a first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0026] Furthermore, the length of the first preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one second overhead block.

[0027] By replacing the second overhead block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence, the normal transmission of valid data is not affected. Furthermore, when the length of the first preset sequence is equal to the length of one second overhead block, the second host can quickly determine the boundary of the second codeword of the received second data, thereby reducing the time required for synchronization.

[0028] Mode C: replacing the second information block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, and N is an integer greater than 1; the second optical module replaces the first information blocks of w second codewords in the N second codewords with a first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0030] Furthermore, the length of the first preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one second information block.

[0031] When the second optical module side needs to discard the second overhead block, the second information block is replaced by the first preset sequence, so that the second host can be synchronized according to the first preset sequence, which helps to reduce the time required for the second host synchronization.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the w second codewords are w consecutive or w non-consecutive ones of the N second codewords. The intervals between the w non-consecutive second codewords may be the same or different. For example, a second codeword may be replaced with the first preset sequence at intervals of 2×j×5440 / PCSL / L, where L represents the length of the second information block of the second codeword, PCSL represents the number of physical coding sublayer channels, and j may be a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0033] A continuous number of w first preset sequences allows the second host to quickly detect the w first preset sequences, further shortening the synchronization time. A non-continuous number w prevents partial data loss during transmission, which could result in the second host being unable to detect the first preset sequence. Furthermore, when w is greater than 2, this prevents partial data loss during transmission, which could cause the second host to be unable to accurately determine the synchronization status, thereby improving the accuracy of the second host's synchronization.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the second data may include a second preset sequence, and the second optical module may replace the second codeword with the first preset sequence starting from the boundary position of any second codeword of the N second codewords, and stop replacing after detecting that the second preset sequence matches the second known preset sequence of the second optical module at least once, thereby obtaining third data.

[0035] When the second data includes a second preset sequence, the second optical module may stop replacing after detecting that the second preset sequence matches the second known preset sequence of the second optical module at least once, thereby helping the second optical module reduce the number of replaced second codewords.

[0036] In a possible implementation manner, the second preset sequence is at least one subsequence in the AM group.

[0037] The second preset sequence is set to at least one subsequence in the AM group, which is compatible with the existing AM synchronization mechanism.

[0038] As follows, two possible implementations of synchronization based on the second data are exemplarily shown.

[0039] Implementation A

[0040] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second code words, where N is an integer greater than 1; the second optical module decodes the second data according to a preset bit number sliding window, and after determining that at least one decoding is successful, decodes according to the code length sliding window of the second code word, and counts the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result. If the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result is greater than a third threshold, synchronization lock is determined, where the preset bit number is less than the code length of the second code word.

[0041] Since the second optical module needs to track the synchronization status of the received data in real time, the above implementation method A can be compatible with the existing synchronization mechanism, thereby simplifying the complexity of the second optical module in processing the received data.

[0042] Implementation B

[0043] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, the second overhead block includes a third preset sequence, and the second optical module detects within a preset time window that the number of third preset sequences is greater than a fifth threshold, thereby determining synchronization lock.

[0044] By detecting the number of third preset sequences within a preset time window, synchronization lock is determined without decoding, which is simple to implement. Moreover, the third preset sequence occupies only a portion of the bits in the first overhead block, thus not increasing the amount of transmitted data.

[0045] As follows, two possible implementations of determining the synchronization state of the second optical module according to the first data are exemplarily shown.

[0046] Implementation method 1: determining the synchronization state based on the decoding result.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the second optical module decodes the first data to obtain M first decoding results, where the first decoding results include decoding success or decoding failure, and M is an integer greater than 1. If the number of decoding failures in the M first decoding results is greater than a first threshold, synchronization lock is determined to be lost. Alternatively, if the number of decoding successes in the M first decoding results is greater than a second threshold, synchronization lock is determined to be established.

[0048] Implementation method 2: determining synchronization based on a third preset sequence included in the first overhead block of the first codeword.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the first data includes Q first codewords, the first codewords include a first information block and a first overhead block, the first overhead block includes a third preset sequence, and Q is an integer greater than 1. If the second optical module detects within a preset time window that the number of the third preset sequences is less than a fifth threshold, synchronization loss is determined. If the second optical module detects within the preset time window that the number of the third preset sequences is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold, synchronization lock is determined.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the second optical module receives third indication information from the second host through the MDIO interface, where the third indication information is used to indicate that synchronization of the second host is lost.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the second optical module includes a second physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer, or includes a second PMA sublayer and a second forward error correction (FEC) sublayer, and the second host includes a second physical coding sublayer (PCS), or includes a second PCS and a fourth FEC sublayer.

[0052] In the second aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which includes a second host receiving first indication information from a second optical module, the first indication information being used to indicate that the second optical module has lost synchronization lock; the second host determining that the synchronization has lost synchronization based on the first indication information; the second host receiving second indication information from the second optical module, the second indication information being used to indicate that the second optical module has been locked synchronously; and the second host starting synchronization based on the second indication information.

[0053] Based on the above scheme, after the second host receives the first indication information indicating that the second optical module has lost synchronization lock, it can be determined that the received first data is invalid data; moreover, it can be determined that the second host has lost synchronization lock; further, the second host receives the second indication information indicating that the second optical module has been synchronized and locked, and can quickly start (or enter) synchronization without waiting for a long time, thereby helping to reduce the duration of data synchronization.

[0054] In a possible implementation, the second host may receive the first indication information from the second optical module through the MDIO interface; or, the second host may receive the first indication information from the second optical module through the indication signal path of the AUI.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the second host may receive the second indication information from the second optical module through the MDIO interface; or, the second host may receive the second indication information from the second optical module through the indication signal path of the AUI.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the method also includes a second host receiving third data from a second optical module, the third data being obtained by replacing part of the second data with a first preset sequence, and the third data including a second preset sequence, the second data being received by the second optical module from the first optical module, the second host detecting that the first preset sequence matches the first known preset sequence of the second host at least once, and detecting that the second preset sequence matches the fourth known preset sequence of the second host at least once, indicating AM locking; further, for each physical coding sublayer channel, the second host determines that the number of second preset sequences is 1, indicating that the conditions for channel rearrangement are met; further, the second host rearranges m physical coding word layer channels, where m is an integer greater than 1.

[0057] By detecting at least once that the first preset sequence matches the first known preset sequence of the second host, and detecting at least once that the second preset sequence matches the fourth known preset sequence of the second host, there is no need to wait for a long time for the first host to insert an AM subsequence at a larger interval in the second data to determine whether synchronization is achieved, thereby reducing the time required for synchronization of the second host.

[0058] In a third aspect, the present application provides a data processing method. The method includes receiving, by a first optical module, fourth data from a first host, the fourth data including k second preset sequences, where k is an integer greater than 1; determining, based on the fourth data, that synchronization is lost, the first optical module sending the fourth data to the first host.

[0059] Based on the above solution, upon receiving the fourth data from the first optical module, the first host can determine that the first optical module has lost synchronization lock and enter loopback mode. This helps prevent the first optical module from transmitting the lost synchronization data to the second optical module, causing the second optical module to be unable to accurately recognize the received data. It also helps prevent the first optical module from exceeding the allocated processing delay limit.

[0060] Furthermore, the first optical module may also receive fifth data from the first host, where the fifth data includes h second preset sequences, where h is greater than k.

[0061] By inserting the second preset sequence more densely to obtain the fifth data, the first optical module can achieve synchronous locking more quickly.

[0062] In a possible implementation, the first optical module may receive fourth indication information from the first host through the MDIO interface, where the fourth indication information is used to indicate that synchronization of the first host is lost.

[0063] By sending the fourth indication information to the first optical module by the first host, the first optical module can quickly enter the loopback mode.

[0064] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which includes a second optical module receiving sixth data from a first optical module, determining synchronization loss based on the sixth data, replacing part of the seventh data with a fourth preset sequence, and obtaining eighth data, where the seventh data is received by the second optical module from the second host; the second optical module sending eighth data to the first optical module and receiving ninth data from the first optical module, where the ninth data is obtained by the first optical module replacing the tenth data with the fourth preset sequence, and the tenth data is received by the first optical module from the first host; the second optical module detecting at least two fourth preset sequences from the ninth data, replacing the fourth preset sequence in the eighth data with a fifth preset sequence, and obtaining eleventh data, where the fifth preset sequence is different from the fourth preset sequence; the second optical module sending eleventh data to the first optical module and receiving twelfth data from the first optical module, where the twelfth data is obtained after the first optical module detects at least two fourth preset sequences from the eighth data and replaces the fourth preset sequence in the ninth data with the fifth preset sequence; the second optical module detects at least two fifth preset sequences and determines synchronization lock.

[0065] Based on the above solution, the synchronization of the first optical module and the second optical module can be independent of the processing flow of the first host and the second host. Therefore, there is no need to change the synchronization flow of the existing host.

[0066] As follows, three possible ways of replacing part of the seventh data with the fourth preset sequence are exemplarily shown.

[0067] In a possible implementation, the seventh data includes P third codewords, the third codeword includes a third information block and a third overhead block, and P is an integer greater than 1.

[0068] Mode 1: replacing the complete third codeword with the fourth preset sequence.

[0069] In a possible implementation, the second optical module replaces z of the P third codewords with a fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data, where z is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to P.

[0070] Furthermore, the length of the fourth preset sequence is equal to a positive integer multiple of the code length of the third codeword.

[0071] By replacing the complete third codeword with the fourth preset, the first optical module can quickly determine the boundary of each third codeword of the received eighth data, thereby shortening the time required for synchronization and reducing the complexity of synchronization calculation on the first optical module side.

[0072] Mode 2: Replace the third overhead block in the third codeword with a fourth preset sequence.

[0073] In a possible implementation, the second optical module replaces the third overhead blocks of z third codewords among the P third codewords with a fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data.

[0074] Furthermore, the length of the fourth preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one third overhead block.

[0075] By replacing the third overhead block in the third codeword with the fourth preset sequence, normal transmission of valid data is not affected. Furthermore, when the length of the fourth preset sequence is equal to the length of one third overhead block, the first optical module can quickly determine the boundary of the third codeword of the received eighth data, thereby reducing the time required for synchronization.

[0076] Mode 3: replacing the third information block in the third codeword with a fourth preset sequence.

[0077] In a possible implementation, the second optical module replaces the third information blocks of z third code words among the P third code words with a fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data.

[0078] Furthermore, the length of the fourth preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one third information block.

[0079] When the second optical module needs to discard the second overhead block, the third information block is replaced by the fourth preset sequence, so that the first optical module can be synchronized according to the fourth preset sequence, which helps to reduce the time required for synchronization of the first optical module.

[0080] In one possible implementation, the z third codewords are z consecutive or z non-consecutive of the P third codewords. The intervals between the z non-consecutive third codewords may be the same. For example, a third codeword may be replaced with the first preset sequence at every interval of 2×j×5440 / PCSL / L, where L represents the length of the third information block of the third codeword, PCSL represents the number of physical coding sublayer channels, and j may be a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, or 4. Alternatively, the intervals between the z non-consecutive third codewords may also be different, which is not limited in this application.

[0081] In one possible implementation, when the second optical module detects at least two fifth preset sequences and determines that the synchronization is locked, the second optical module can send second indication information to the second host through the indication signal path of AUI or through the MDIO interface, and send thirteenth data to the second host through the first data flow path of AUI.

[0082] In one possible implementation, after the second optical module determines that synchronization is lost based on the sixth data, the second optical module may send the first indication information to the second host through the indication signal path of the AUI or through the MDIO interface, and send the sixth data to the second host through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0083] In one possible implementation, the second optical module includes a second PMA sublayer, or includes a second PMA sublayer and a second FEC sublayer, the second host includes a second PCS, or includes a second PCS and a fourth FEC sublayer, the first optical module includes a first PMA sublayer, or includes a first PMA sublayer and a first FEC sublayer, and the first host includes a first PCS, or includes a first PCS and a first FEC sublayer.

[0084] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which includes the second layer receiving first data from the first layer, the second layer including a second PMA sublayer, or including the second PMA sublayer and the second FEC sublayer, and the first layer including the first PMA sublayer, or including the first PMA sublayer and the first FEC sublayer; the second layer determines synchronization loss (or called unsynchronized, unaligned, or unsynchronized alignment, etc.) based on the first data; the second layer sends first indication information to the fourth layer, the fourth layer includes a second PCS, or includes the second PCS and the second FEC sublayer, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the second optical module has lost synchronization lock; the second layer receives second data from the first layer, determines synchronization lock (or called synchronized, aligned, or synchronized alignment, etc.) based on the second data, and sends second indication information to the fourth layer, and the second indication information is used to indicate that the second optical module has been synchronized locked.

[0085] Based on the above solution, after the second layer determines that synchronization lock has been lost, it sends first indication information indicating the second layer's synchronization lock has been lost to the fourth layer. This allows the fourth layer to determine that the first data is invalid, thereby helping to avoid operational errors on the fourth layer. Furthermore, after the second layer determines that synchronization lock has been achieved, it sends second indication information indicating that the second layer has been synchronized to the fourth layer. This allows the fourth layer to quickly initiate (or enter) the synchronization process without requiring a long wait, thereby helping to reduce the duration of data synchronization.

[0086] In a possible implementation, the second layer sends third data to the fourth layer. The third data is obtained by replacing part of the second data with a first preset sequence. The first preset sequence is used for synchronization of the fourth layer.

[0087] In a possible implementation manner, the first preset sequence is at least one subsequence in the AM group.

[0088] In a possible implementation, the second layer may send the second indication information to the fourth layer via an indication signal path of the AUI. Alternatively, the second layer may send the second indication information to the fourth layer via an MDIO interface.

[0089] In a possible implementation, the second layer may send the third data to the fourth layer through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0090] In a possible implementation, the second layer may send the first indication information to the fourth layer through an indication signal path of the AUI.

[0091] In a possible implementation, the second layer may send the first data to the fourth layer through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0092] As follows, three possible ways of replacing part of the second data with the first preset sequence are exemplarily shown.

[0093] Mode A: replacing the complete second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0094] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, where N is an integer greater than 1. The second layer replaces w of the N second codewords with the first preset sequence to obtain third data, where w is a positive integer less than or equal to N. Furthermore, w is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

[0095] Furthermore, the length of the first preset sequence is equal to a positive integer multiple of the code length of a second codeword.

[0096] Mode B: The second overhead block in the second codeword is replaced with the first preset sequence.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, and N is an integer greater than 1; the second layer replaces the first information blocks of w second codewords in the N second codewords with a first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0098] Furthermore, the length of the first preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one second information block.

[0099] Mode C: replacing the second information block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0100] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, and N is an integer greater than 1; the second layer replaces the second overhead blocks of w second codewords in the N second codewords with a first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0101] Furthermore, the length of the first preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one second overhead block.

[0102] In one possible implementation, the w second codewords are w consecutive or w non-consecutive ones of the N second codewords. The intervals between the w non-consecutive second codewords may be the same or different. For example, a second codeword may be replaced with the first preset sequence at intervals of 2×j×5440 / PCSL / L, where L represents the length of the second information block of the second codeword, PCSL represents the number of physical coding sublayer channels, and j may be a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0103] In one possible implementation, the second data includes a second preset sequence, and the second layer may replace the second codeword with the first preset sequence starting from the boundary position of any second codeword of the N second codewords until at least one match between the second preset sequence and the second known preset sequence of the second layer is detected, and then the replacement is stopped to obtain the third data.

[0104] In a possible implementation manner, the second preset sequence is at least one subsequence in the alignment mark AM group.

[0105] As follows, two possible implementations of synchronization based on the second data are exemplarily shown.

[0106] Implementation A

[0107] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, where N is an integer greater than 1; the second layer decodes the second data according to a sliding window of a preset number of bits, and after determining that at least one decoding is successful, decodes the second data according to a sliding window of the code length of the second codeword, and counts the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result. If the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result is greater than a third threshold, synchronization lock is determined, where the preset number of bits is less than the code length of the second codeword.

[0108] Implementation B

[0109] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, the second overhead block includes a third preset sequence, and the second layer detects within a preset time window that the number of third preset sequences is greater than a fifth threshold, thereby determining synchronization lock.

[0110] As follows, two possible implementations of determining second layer synchronization based on first data are exemplarily shown.

[0111] Implementation method 1: determining synchronization based on decoding results.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the second layer decodes the first data to obtain M first decoding results, where the first decoding results include decoding success or decoding failure, and M is an integer greater than 1. If the number of decoding failures in the M first decoding results is greater than a first threshold, synchronization loss is determined. If the number of decoding successes in the M first decoding results is greater than a second threshold, synchronization lock is determined.

[0113] Implementation method 2: determining synchronization based on a third preset sequence included in the first overhead block of the first codeword.

[0114] In one possible implementation, the first data includes Q first codewords, the first codewords include a first information block and a first overhead block, the first overhead block includes a third preset sequence, and Q is an integer greater than 1. If the second layer detects within a preset time window that the number of third preset sequences is less than a fifth threshold, synchronization loss is determined. If the second layer detects within the preset time window that the number of third preset sequences is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold, synchronization lock is determined.

[0115] In a possible implementation, the second layer receives third indication information from the fourth layer through the MDIO interface, where the third indication information is used to indicate that the fourth layer is out of synchronization lock.

[0116] The technical effects that can be achieved in any aspect of the fifth aspect can refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0117] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, which includes the fourth layer receiving first indication information from the second layer, the first indication information being used to indicate that the second layer has lost synchronization lock; the fourth layer determining the loss of synchronization based on the first indication information; the fourth layer receiving second indication information from the second layer, the second indication information being used to indicate that the second layer has been synchronized; the fourth layer starting synchronization based on the second indication information, the second layer including a second PMA sublayer, or including a second PMA sublayer and a second FEC sublayer, and the fourth layer including a second PCS, or including a second PCS and a second FEC sublayer.

[0118] Based on the above scheme, after the fourth layer receives the first indication information for indicating that the second layer has lost synchronization lock, it can determine that the received first data is invalid data, thereby helping to avoid operational errors of the fourth layer; moreover, it can be determined that the fourth layer has lost synchronization lock; further, the fourth layer receives the second indication information for indicating that the second layer has been synchronized and locked, and can quickly start (or enter) the synchronization process without waiting for a long time, thereby helping to reduce the duration of data synchronization.

[0119] In a possible implementation, the fourth layer may receive the first indication information from the second layer through the MDIO interface; or the fourth layer may receive the first indication information from the second layer through the indication signal path of the AUI.

[0120] In a possible implementation, the fourth layer may receive the second indication information from the second layer through the MDIO interface; or the fourth layer may receive the second indication information from the second layer through the indication signal path of the AUI.

[0121] In one possible implementation, the method also includes the fourth layer receiving third data from the second layer, the third data being obtained by replacing part of the second data with a first preset sequence, the second data being received by the second layer from the first layer, and the third data also including a second preset sequence; the fourth layer detecting that the first preset sequence matches the first known preset sequence of the fourth layer at least once, and detecting that the second preset sequence matches the fourth known preset sequence of the fourth layer at least once, further determining that the number of second preset sequences is 1, and rearranging m physical coding word layer channels, where m is an integer greater than 1.

[0122] The technical effects that can be achieved in any aspect of the sixth aspect can refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the second aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0123] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a data processing method. The method includes: a first layer receiving fourth data from a third layer, the fourth data including k second preset sequences, where k is an integer greater than 1; the first layer determining a synchronization loss based on the fourth data, and sending the fourth data to the third layer, wherein the first layer includes a first PMA sublayer, or includes the first PMA sublayer and a first FEC sublayer, and the third layer includes a first PCS, or includes the first PCS and the first FEC sublayer.

[0124] In a possible implementation, the first layer may further receive fifth data from the third layer, where the fifth data includes h second preset sequences, where h is greater than k.

[0125] In a possible implementation, the first layer may receive fourth indication information from the third layer through the MDIO interface, where the fourth indication information is used to indicate that synchronization lock of the third layer is lost.

[0126] The technical effects that can be achieved in any aspect of the seventh aspect can be referred to the description of the beneficial effects in the third aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0127] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a data processing method, the method comprising: the second layer receiving sixth data from the first layer, determining synchronization loss based on the sixth data, replacing part of the seventh data with a fourth preset sequence, and obtaining eighth data, where the seventh data is received by the second layer from the fourth layer; the second layer sending eighth data to the first layer and receiving ninth data from the first layer, where the ninth data is obtained by the first layer replacing the tenth data with the fourth preset sequence, where the tenth data is received by the first layer from the third layer; the second layer detecting at least two fourth preset sequences from the ninth data, replacing the fourth preset sequence in the eighth data with a fifth preset sequence, and obtaining eleventh data, where the fifth preset sequence is different from the fourth preset sequence. The same; the second layer sends the eleventh data to the first layer and receives the twelfth data from the first layer, the twelfth data is obtained after the first layer detects at least two fourth preset sequences from the eighth data and replaces the fourth preset sequence in the ninth data with the fifth preset sequence; the second layer detects at least two fifth preset sequences and determines the synchronization lock; wherein, the first layer includes the first PMA sublayer, or includes the first PMA sublayer and the first FEC sublayer, the second layer includes the second PMA sublayer, or includes the second PMA sublayer and the second FEC sublayer, the third layer includes the first PCS, or includes the first PCS and the first FEC sublayer, and the fourth layer includes the second PCS, or includes the second PCS and the second FEC sublayer.

[0128] As follows, three possible ways of replacing part of the seventh data with the fourth preset sequence are exemplarily shown.

[0129] In a possible implementation, the seventh data includes P third codewords, the third codeword includes a third information block and a third overhead block, and P is an integer greater than 1.

[0130] Mode 1: Replace the complete third codeword with the fourth preset sequence.

[0131] In a possible implementation, the second layer replaces z of the P third codewords with a fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data, where z is a positive integer less than or equal to P.

[0132] Furthermore, the length of the fourth preset sequence is equal to a positive integer multiple of the code length of the third codeword.

[0133] Mode 2: Replace the third overhead block in the third codeword with a fourth preset sequence.

[0134] In a possible implementation, the second layer replaces the third information blocks of z third codewords among the P third codewords with a fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data.

[0135] Furthermore, the length of the fourth preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one third information block.

[0136] Mode 3: replacing the third information block in the third codeword with a fourth preset sequence.

[0137] In a possible implementation, the second layer replaces the third overhead blocks of z third codewords in the P third codewords with a fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data.

[0138] Furthermore, the length of the fourth preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one third overhead block.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the z third codewords are z consecutive or z non-consecutive of the P third codewords. The intervals between the z non-consecutive third codewords may be the same. For example, a third codeword may be replaced with the first preset sequence at every interval of 2×j×5440 / PCSL / L, where L represents the length of the third information block of the third codeword, PCSL represents the number of physical coding sublayer channels, and j may be a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, or 4. Alternatively, the intervals between the z non-consecutive third codewords may also be different, which is not limited in this application.

[0140] In one possible implementation, when the second layer detects at least two fifth preset sequences and determines the synchronization lock, the second layer can send the second indication information to the fourth layer through the indication signal path of AUI or through the MDIO interface, and send the thirteenth data to the fourth layer through the first data flow path of AUI.

[0141] In one possible implementation, after the second layer determines that synchronization is lost based on the sixth data, the second layer may send the first indication information to the fourth layer through the indication signal path of the AUI or through the MDIO interface, and send the sixth data to the fourth layer through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0142] In one possible implementation, the second layer includes a second PMA sublayer, or includes a second PMA sublayer and a second FEC sublayer, the fourth layer includes a second PCS, or includes a second PCS and a fourth FEC sublayer, the first layer includes a first PMA sublayer, or includes a first PMA sublayer and a first FEC sublayer, and the third layer includes a first PCS, or includes a first PCS and a first FEC sublayer.

[0143] The technical effects that can be achieved in any aspect of the above-mentioned eighth aspect can refer to the description of the beneficial effects in the above-mentioned fourth aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0144] In the ninth aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which is used to implement the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or to implement the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or to implement the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, or to implement the method in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, or to implement the method in the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, or to implement the method in the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, or to implement the method in the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, or to implement the method in the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, including corresponding functional modules, respectively used to implement the steps in the above methods. The functions can be implemented by hardware, or the corresponding software can be implemented by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.

[0145] In one possible implementation, the communication device may be a second optical module. The beneficial effects can be found in the description of the first aspect above and will not be repeated here. The communication device may include: an interface circuit and a processor. The processor is used to implement the corresponding functions of the first aspect above through a logic circuit or execution code instructions, and the interface circuit is used to receive signals from other communication devices outside the communication device and transmit them to the processor or send signals from the processor to other communication devices outside the communication device. The interface circuit may be an interface circuit with integrated transceiver functions. Optionally, the communication device may further include a memory, which may be coupled to the processor and stores program instructions and data necessary for the communication device.

[0146] Among them, the interface circuit is used to receive first data from the first optical module; the processor is used to determine synchronization loss based on the first data; the interface circuit is also used to send first indication information to the second host and receive second data from the first optical module, the first indication information is used to indicate that the second optical module has synchronization loss; the processor is also used to determine synchronization lock based on the second data, and send second indication information to the second host through the interface circuit, the second indication information is used to indicate that the second optical module has been synchronization locked.

[0147] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit is further configured to send third data to the second host, where the third data is obtained by replacing part of the second data with a first preset sequence, and the first preset sequence is used for synchronization of the second host.

[0148] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit is specifically configured to send the third data to the second host through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0149] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit is specifically configured to send the first data to the second host through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0150] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit is specifically configured to send the second indication information to the second host through an indication signal path of the AUI or an MDIO interface.

[0151] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, where N is an integer greater than 1; the processor is further configured to replace w of the N second codewords with the first preset sequence to obtain third data, where w is a positive integer less than or equal to N. Furthermore, w is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to N.

[0152] In a possible implementation, the length of the first preset sequence is equal to a positive integer multiple of the code length of a second codeword.

[0153] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, and N is an integer greater than 1; the processor is further used to replace the first information blocks of w second codewords in the N second codewords with a first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0154] In a possible implementation manner, the length of the first preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one second information block.

[0155] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, and N is an integer greater than 1; the processor is also used to replace the second overhead blocks of w second codewords in the N second codewords with a first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0156] In a possible implementation, the length of the first preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of one second overhead block.

[0157] In one possible implementation, the w second codewords are w consecutive or w non-consecutive ones of the N second codewords. The intervals between the w non-consecutive second codewords may be the same or different. For example, a second codeword may be replaced with the first preset sequence at intervals of 2×j×5440 / PCSL / L, where L represents the length of the second information block of the second codeword, PCSL represents the number of physical coding sublayer channels, and j may be a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0158] In one possible implementation, the second data includes a second preset sequence; the processor is further configured to replace the second codeword with the first preset sequence starting from a boundary position of any second codeword of the N second codewords, and stop replacing after detecting that the second preset sequence matches the second known preset sequence of the second optical module at least once, thereby obtaining third data.

[0159] In a possible implementation manner, the second preset sequence is at least one subsequence in the AM group.

[0160] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second code words, where N is an integer greater than 1; the processor is specifically used to decode the second data according to a sliding window of a preset number of bits, where the preset number of bits is less than the code length of the second code word; after determining that at least one decoding is successful, the sliding window is performed according to the code length of the second code word, and the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result is counted; and it is determined that the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result is greater than a third threshold, and synchronization lock is determined.

[0161] In one possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, the second overhead block includes a third preset sequence, and the processor is specifically used to detect within a preset time window that the number of third preset sequences is greater than a fifth threshold, and determine synchronization lock.

[0162] In a possible implementation manner, the first preset sequence is at least one subsequence in the AM group.

[0163] In one possible implementation, the processor is specifically used to decode the first data to obtain M first decoding results, where the first decoding results include decoding success or decoding failure, and M is an integer greater than 1; if the number of decoding failures in the M first decoding results is greater than a first threshold, it is determined that synchronization is lost.

[0164] In one possible implementation, the first data includes Q first codewords, the first codeword includes a first information block and a first overhead block, the first overhead block includes a third preset sequence, Q is an integer greater than 1, and the processor is specifically used to detect within a preset time window that the number of third preset sequences is less than a fifth threshold, and determine that synchronization is lost.

[0165] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit is further configured to receive third indication information from the second host through the MDIO interface, where the third indication information is configured to indicate that the second host is out of synchronization lock.

[0166] In another possible implementation, the communication device may also be a first optical module, which may include an interface circuit and a processor, and may execute the corresponding functions of the first optical module in the above method example. For details, please refer to the detailed description in the method example, which will not be repeated here.

[0167] In another possible implementation, the communication device may also be a second host, which may include an interface circuit and a processor, and may execute the corresponding functions of the second host in the above method example. For details, please refer to the detailed description in the method example, which will not be repeated here.

[0168] In the tenth aspect, the present application provides a communication device, which is used to implement the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or to implement the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or to implement the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, or to implement the method in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, or to implement the method in the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, or to implement the method in the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, or to implement the method in the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, or to implement the method in the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, including corresponding functional modules, respectively used to implement the steps in the above methods. The functions can be implemented by hardware, or the corresponding software can be implemented by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.

[0169] In one possible embodiment, the communication device may be a second optical module, which may include a processing unit and a transceiver unit. These units can perform the corresponding functions of the second optical module in the above method example. Please refer to the detailed description in the method example for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0170] In another possible embodiment, the communication device can also be a first optical module, which may include a transceiver unit and a processing unit. These units can perform the corresponding functions of the first optical module in the above method example. Please refer to the detailed description in the method example for details, which will not be repeated here.

[0171] In another possible implementation, the communication device may also be a second host, which may include a transceiver unit and a processing unit, which may perform the corresponding functions of the second host in the above method example. For details, please refer to the detailed description in the method example, which will not be repeated here.

[0172] In an eleventh aspect, the present application provides a communication system comprising a first optical module, a second optical module, and a second host. The second optical module can be used to execute the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, the second host can be used to execute the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, and the first optical module can be used to execute the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect. Alternatively, the communication system may also comprise a first optical module and a second optical module, the second optical module can be used to execute the method in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, and the first optical module can be used to execute the method in the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect.

[0173] In a twelfth aspect, the present application provides a chip comprising at least one processor and an interface circuit. Further, optionally, the chip may also include a memory, the processor being configured to execute a computer program or instruction stored in the memory, so that the chip performs the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the chip performs the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or the chip performs the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, or the chip performs the method in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, or the chip performs the method in the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, or the chip performs the method in the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, or the chip performs the method in the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, or the chip performs the method in the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect.

[0174] In the thirteenth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program or instruction. When the computer program or instruction is executed by a communication device, the communication device executes the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect.

[0175] In the fourteenth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are executed by a communication device, the communication device executes the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, or the communication device executes the method in the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect.

[0176] The technical effects that can be achieved in any of the above-mentioned aspects 9 to 14 can be referred to the description of the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0177] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in this application;

[0178] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the structure of an optical module provided in this application;

[0179] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of the structure of another optical module provided in this application;

[0180] Figure 2c A schematic diagram of the structure of a host provided in this application;

[0181] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of communication between an optical module and a host provided in this application;

[0182] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of communication between optical modules provided in this application;

[0183] Figure 5 A flowchart of a data processing method provided in this application;

[0184] Figure 6a A schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining first data by a first optical module provided in this application;

[0185] Figure 6bA flowchart of another method for obtaining first data by a first optical module provided in this application;

[0186] Figure 7a A schematic diagram of the structure of data to be sent by a host provided in this application;

[0187] Figure 7b A schematic diagram of the structure of data after inserting a second preset sequence provided by the present application;

[0188] Figure 7c A schematic diagram of the structure of data after a first host processes data to be sent provided by the present application;

[0189] Figure 7d A schematic diagram of the structure of an AM subsequence provided in this application;

[0190] Figure 8a A schematic diagram of the structure of the first data provided in this application;

[0191] Figure 8b A schematic diagram of the structure of another first data provided by this application;

[0192] Figure 9 A flowchart of a method for determining synchronization status provided by this application;

[0193] Figure 10 A flowchart of another method for determining synchronization provided by this application;

[0194] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of another structure of first data provided by this application;

[0195] Figure 12a A flowchart of another data processing method provided in this application;

[0196] Figure 12b A flowchart of another data processing method provided in this application;

[0197] Figure 13 A flowchart of another data processing method provided in this application;

[0198] Figure 14 A flowchart of another data processing method provided in this application;

[0199] Figure 15 A flowchart of another data processing method provided in this application;

[0200] Figure 16 A flowchart of another data processing method provided in this application;

[0201] Figure 17 A schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by this application;

[0202] Figure 18 A schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0203] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0204] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system applicable to the present application. The communication system may include a transmitting end 101 and a receiving end 102. Further, optionally, the transmitting end 101 may include a first communication device 1011 and a third communication device 1012, and the third communication device 1012 may be referred to as a next-level communication device of the first communication device 1011. The receiving end 102 may include a second communication device 1021 and a fourth communication device 1022, and the fourth communication device 1022 may be referred to as a next-level communication device of the second communication device 1021, and the second communication device 1021 may be referred to as a next-level communication device of the first communication device 1011. The first communication device 1011 and the third communication device 1012 may be integrated into one, or may be two independent physical entities. The second communication device 1021 and the fourth communication device 1022 may be integrated into one, or may be two independent physical entities. The communication system can be, for example, an Ethernet communication system (both the transmitting end 101 and the receiving end 102 support the IEEE802.3 Ethernet protocol), an optical transmission communication system, an optical access communication system, a fifth-generation (5G) fronthaul communication system, or other communication systems using FEC coding.

[0205] The first communication device 1011 and the second communication device 1021 may both be optical modules. Figure 2a , is a structural diagram of an optical module provided by the present application. The optical module may include a physical media dependent (PMD) sublayer and a physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer. Furthermore, the PMA sublayer includes a unit that can implement the functions of the inner-FEC sublayer. It can also be understood that the functions of the inner-FEC sublayer are integrated into the PMA sublayer. Please refer to Figure 2b , is a schematic diagram of the structure of another optical module provided in this application. The optical module may include a PMD sublayer, a PMA sublayer, and an Inner-FEC sublayer. It can also be understood that the Inner-FEC sublayer and the PMA sublayer are two independent sublayers.

[0206] The third communication device 1012 and the fourth communication device 1022 may both be hosts. Figure 2c , is a schematic diagram of the structure of a host provided in this application. The host may include a physical coding sublayer (PCS) and an Inner-FEC sublayer. Alternatively, the host may include a PCS, which includes a unit that implements the functions of the Inner-FEC sublayer.

[0207] Based on the above, please refer to Figure 3 , is a schematic diagram of communication between an optical module and a host provided in this application. The optical module in this example is as follows Figure 2b Taking the structure shown as an example, the optical module and the host can communicate through the AUI between the optical module's PMA sublayer and the host's PCS. Furthermore, the AUI between the optical module's PMA sublayer and the host's PCS includes a first data flow path, a second data flow path, and an indication signal path (or data validity indication signal path). The first data flow path is the path for the optical module to send data to the host, the second data flow path is the path for the host to send data to the optical module, and the indication signal path is the path for the optical module to send indication information to the host. The first data flow path is, for example, inst:IS_UNITDATA.indication; the second data flow path is, for example, inst:IS_UNITDATA.request; if the next level of the PCS is connected to the FEC sublayer, the AUI's second data flow path, inst:IS_UNITDATA.request, can be expressed as FEC:IS_UNITDATA.request. The indication signal path is, for example, inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication. It should be noted that the AUI between the host and the optical module can also be referred to as a serializer / deserializer (SerDes) interface in product implementation. Furthermore, an optional MDIO interface can be included between the optical module and the host, allowing the two to exchange indication information or data through the MDIO interface. In the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF), an international standards organization, the MDIO interface is also known as the Common Management Interface Specification (CMIS) interface. Typically, it is referred to as an MDIO interface from the host's perspective and as a CMIS interface from the optical module's perspective.

[0208] See also Figure 4, is a schematic diagram of communication between an optical module and an optical module provided in this application. In this example, the optical module at the transmitting end can be referred to as the first optical module, and the optical module at the receiving end can be referred to as the second optical module. The first optical module and the second optical module in this example are both based on the above Figure 2b Taking the structure shown as an example, the first optical module and the second optical module can be connected via a transmission medium (such as an optical fiber, a backplane, a copper cable, an active optical cable, etc.). Specifically, the PMD sublayer of the first optical module can communicate with the PMD sublayer of the second optical module via the transmission medium. For example, the first optical module can load the data to be transmitted onto an optical carrier, couple it into the optical fiber, and transmit it to the PMD sublayer of the second optical module via the optical fiber. Furthermore, the PMD sublayer can transmit the data to the PMA sublayer.

[0209] It should be noted that the above Figure 3 or Figure 4 The communication shown may be independent duplex communication, or may be duplex communication with feedback, which is not limited in this application.

[0210] The above communication system can be applied to multiple fields, for example, augmented reality / virtual reality (AR / VR), artificial intelligence (AI), data center, or cloud application fields.

[0211] It should be noted that the system architecture described in this application is intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solution provided in this application.

[0212] As described in the background art, the currently used data synchronization method takes a long time, resulting in a large data delay.

[0213] In view of this, the present application proposes a data processing method that helps to reduce data synchronization time.

[0214] Based on the above content, the following Figure 5 To the attached Figure 16 , the data processing method proposed in this application is explained in detail.

[0215] For ease of explanation, the following description uses the second optical module as the second communication device, the first optical module as the first communication device, the first host as the third communication device, and the second host as the fourth communication device. In other words, the first optical module can be replaced by the first communication device, the second optical module can be replaced by the second communication device, the first host can be replaced by the third communication device, and the second host can be replaced by the fourth communication device.

[0216] Example 1

[0217] See also Figure 5 , is a flow chart of a data processing method provided by this application. The first optical module in this method can be the above Figure 1 The first communication device 1011 in the embodiment of the present invention, the second optical module may be the above Figure 1 The specific structures of the first optical module and the second optical module can be seen in the above Figure 2a or Figure 2b The method comprises the following steps:

[0218] Step 501: A first optical module sends first data to a second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the first data from the first optical module.

[0219] Combined with the above Figure 4 The first optical module can send the first data to the second optical module via a transmission medium. The data sent by the first optical module to the second optical module can be an optical signal, and the transmission medium can also be called an optical channel. The second optical module can convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and then convert the electrical signal into a digital signal, and then perform subsequent processing based on the digital signal.

[0220] The method for the first optical module to obtain the first data can be referred to as follows: Figure 6a and Figure 6b The introduction in , will not be repeated here.

[0221] Step 502: The second optical module determines a synchronization state according to the first data.

[0222] The synchronization state includes synchronization lost or synchronization locked. If synchronization lost is determined, the following steps 503 to 505 are executed; if synchronization locked is determined, the second optical module sends a second indication message to the second host.

[0223] Synchronization loss can also be called data misalignment, data block misalignment, codeword boundary misalignment, inner codeword boundary misalignment, or Hamming codeword boundary misalignment. Because the second optical module relies on inner codewords for synchronization, synchronization loss can also be called inner code block loss or inner code block synchronization loss. Synchronization lock can also be called data alignment, data block alignment, codeword boundary alignment, inner code block lock, inner code block synchronization lock, or Hamming codeword boundary misalignment.

[0224] Regarding the process of the second optical module determining the synchronization state according to the first data, please refer to the following possible implementation method 1 ( Figure 9 ) and implementation method 2 ( Figure 10 ) introduction.

[0225] Step 503: The second optical module sends the first indication information to the second host. Correspondingly, the second host receives the first indication information from the second optical module.

[0226] The first indication information is used to indicate that the second optical module is out of synchronization.

[0227] Can be combined with the above Figure 3 In one possible implementation, the second optical module may send the first indication information to the second host via an indication signal path of the AUI. The indication signal path may be, for example, inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication. In another possible implementation, the second optical module may also send the first indication information to the second host via an MDIO interface (or CMIS interface).

[0228] The specific form of the first indication information may be specified by the protocol, or may be pre-agreed upon by the second optical module and the second host, which is not limited in this application. For example, the first indication information is represented by "0".

[0229] Step 504: The first optical module sends the second data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the second data from the first optical module.

[0230] The second data and the first data belong to the same data stream. In other words, the first optical module sends a data stream to the second optical module, and the first data and the second data are two parts of the data stream. It should be noted that the way the first optical module obtains the second data is the same as the way the first optical module obtains the first data. For details, please refer to the following Figure 6a and Figure 6b The introduction in , will not be repeated here.

[0231] It should be noted that there is no order between the above steps 503 and 504. Step 503 may be performed first and then step 504, or step 504 may be performed first and then step 503, or step 503 and step 504 may be performed simultaneously. Figure 5 Just one possible example.

[0232] Step 505: The second optical module determines synchronization lock according to the second data, and sends second indication information to the second host.

[0233] The second indication information is used to indicate that the second optical module has been synchronized and locked. It should be noted that the specific form of the second indication information can be specified by the protocol, or can also be pre-agreed upon between the second optical module and the second host, and this application does not limit this. For example, the second indication information is represented by "1".

[0234] Can be combined with the above Figure 3In one possible implementation, the second optical module may send the second indication information to the second host via an indication signal path of the AUI. The indication signal path may be, for example, inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication. In another possible implementation, the second optical module may also send the second indication information to the second host via an MDIO interface (also known as a CMIS interface).

[0235] In one possible implementation, the second optical module may first be synchronized according to the second data until synchronization is locked. The second data may include N second codewords, where N is an integer greater than 1. The second codeword may be, for example, an FEC codeword. The structure of the FEC codeword may be (N, K, m), where N is the number of bits contained in the code length of the FEC codeword, K is the number of bits contained in the information bit, and m is the order of the Galois field where the FEC codeword is located. This application does not consider the value of m. In order to facilitate the description of the solution, the FEC codeword is represented by (N, K). Specifically, the FEC codeword may include but is not limited to a Hamming codeword, or a (Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri and Hocquenghem, BCH) codeword. Among them, the Hamming codeword may include but is not limited to a Hamming codeword (128, 120) or a Hamming codeword (180, 170).

[0236] Specifically, the second optical module can decode the second data using a sliding window with a preset number of bits, where the preset number of bits is less than the code length of the second codeword included in the second data. Furthermore, after determining that at least one decoding attempt was successful, the second optical module performs a sliding window with the code length of the second codeword and counts the number of second decoding results (including both successful and failed decodings). If the number of successful decodings in the second decoding results is greater than a third threshold, synchronization is determined to be locked. Alternatively, if the number of failed decodings in the second decoding results is greater than a fourth threshold, synchronization is determined to be lost, and synchronization can continue based on new data received from the first optical module (i.e., other data belonging to the same data stream as the first and second data). Furthermore, the second decoding result may be an identifier of successful decoding or an identifier of failed decoding output by the decoder; or it may be an intermediate parameter (or syndrome) generated during the decoding process, for example, it may be represented by 8 bits, 00000000 indicates successful decoding, and if a non-zero bit appears in the 8 bits, it indicates a decoding failure; or it may be other representations that can distinguish between successful decoding or failed decoding, which is not limited in this application. If the second decoding result is an identifier of successful decoding or an identifier of failed decoding output by the decoder, it is possible to count whether the number of identifiers of successful decoding is greater than a third threshold, and whether the number of identifiers of failed decoding is greater than a fourth threshold. If the second decoding result is a syndrome generated during the decoding process, it is possible to count whether the number of 8-bit all-0s is greater than the third threshold, and whether the number of non-zero bits in the 8 bits is greater than the fourth threshold.

[0237] For example, the length of the second data is x*128 bits, where x is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the length of the second codeword included in the second data is 128 bits, the preset number of bits is 1 bit, and decoder A is used as an example. Specifically, bits 0 to 127 of the second data are input to decoder A, and then a 1-bit sliding window is performed. That is, the next bits input to decoder A are bits 1 to 128, and so on. After at least one decoding is successful, the window is then sliding according to the length of the second codeword (128 bits), and the number of second decoding results (including successful decoding and failed decoding) is counted. For example, bits 0 to 127 of the second data are input to decoder A, and decoder A outputs a decoding failure. Then, bits 1 to 128 are input to decoder A, and decoder A outputs a decoding failure. Then, bits 2 to 129 are input to decoder A, and decoder A outputs a decoding success. Then, bits 3 to 130 are input to decoder A, and decoder A outputs a decoding success. The second decoding result is then counted, for example, by recording the number of successful decodings as 1 (or 0). Then, bits 131 to 258 are input to decoder A, and a 128-bit sliding window is used. This continues, resulting in H second decoding results. It can be understood that a decoding success output from decoder A indicates that the input to decoder A represents a complete second codeword of the second data. In other words, bits 3 to 130 correspond to a complete second codeword, indicating that bits 0 to 255 were lost during the transmission of the second data from the first optical module to the second optical module.

[0238] Taking two decoders (decoder B and decoder C) as an example, bits 0 to 127 of the second data are input to decoder B, bits 1 to 128 are input to decoder C, bits 2 to 129 are input to decoder B, bits 3 to 130 are input to decoder C, and so on. The bits input to decoder B are windowed using a 1-bit window until at least one decoding is successful. At that point, a 128-bit window is used, and second decoding results are counted. The bits input to decoder C are windowed using a 1-bit window until at least one decoding is successful. At that point, a 128-bit window is used, and second decoding results are counted. The H second decoding results obtained from decoding the second data are the sum of the second decoding results from decoder B and decoder C.

[0239] Can be combined with the above Figure 3 In one possible implementation, the second optical module may send the second indication information to the second host via an indication signal path of the AUI, where the indication signal path may be, for example, inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication. In another possible implementation, the second optical module may send the second indication information to the second host via an MDIO interface.

[0240] As can be seen from steps 501 to 505 above, after the second optical module determines that synchronization has been lost, it sends first indication information indicating that the second optical module has lost synchronization to the second host, which allows the second host to determine that the first data is invalid data, thereby helping to reduce the computing overhead of the second host. Furthermore, after the second optical module determines that synchronization has been locked, it sends second indication information indicating that the second optical module has been synchronized to the second host, thereby allowing the second host to quickly start (or enter) the synchronization process without having to wait for a long time, helping to reduce the duration of data synchronization for the second host, and thus helping to shorten the waiting delay of the communication system.

[0241] Two possible ways for the first optical module to obtain the first data are exemplarily shown below.

[0242] In mode a, the first optical module does not synchronize the data A from the first host.

[0243] See also Figure 6a , is a flow chart of a method for obtaining first data by a first optical module provided in this application. The method includes the following steps:

[0244] Step 601: The first host processes the data a to be sent and obtains data A.

[0245] In one possible implementation, the first host processes data a (see Figure 7a ) to insert a second preset sequence (see Figure 7b ), interleaving and encoding, etc., to obtain data A (see Figure 7c It is understandable that the processing of the data a by the first host may also include Gray mapping, etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0246] Illustratively, the second preset sequence may be at least one subsequence in the AM group. To facilitate the description of the solution, the second preset sequence is taken as an AM subsequence as an example.

[0247] Specifically, for each PCL channel, a corresponding AM subsequence can be inserted into data a. Each PCL channel corresponds to one AM subsequence. For example, for PCL channel D0, the AM0 subsequence is inserted into data a; for PCL channel D1, the AM1 subsequence is inserted into data a; and so on. An AM subsequence is a sequence in an AM group, which includes AM0, AM1, and so on.

[0248] like Figure 7dFigure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an AM subsequence provided in this application. The AM subsequence includes a common marker (CM) and a unique marker (UM). The CM is the first half of the AM subsequence and is used for AM lock and inter-channel de-skew. The UM is the second half of the AM subsequence and is used for physical coding sublayer channel reordering.

[0249] Furthermore, the interval between two adjacent AM subsequences may be equal to the total number of codewords for m physical sublayer channels × the length of a codeword / the number of physical sublayer channels m. For example, for each physical coding sublayer channel, an AM subsequence is inserted every (8192*5440 / 16) bits, where 8192 represents the total number of codewords for 16 physical sublayer channels, 5440 represents the length of a codeword, and 16 represents the number of physical sublayer channels.

[0250] Combined with the above Figure 2c Taking 100GE Ethernet encoding as an example, client data a from the media access control (MAC) and higher layers passes through the reconciliation sublayer, which translates the data a from the MAC and higher layers and sends it to the 100GBASE-R physical coding sublayer (PCS) via the 100Gb / s media independent interface (CGMII). The PCS inserts AM (Amplitamization) and other operations on data a before sending it to the Inner-FEC sublayer for encoding. The Inner-FEC sublayer can, for example, use a Reed-Solomon forward error correction (RS-FEC) encoder. The 100GE Ethernet RS-FEC encoder uses an RS (544, 514, 10) codeword.

[0251] Taking the 200GE Ethernet encoding scheme as an example, data from the MAC and higher-layer clients passes through the mediation sublayer, which translates the data and sends it to the 200GBASE-R PCS via the 200GMII interface. The PCS inserts AM and other operations on the data before sending it to the RS-FEC encoder for encoding. The 200GE Ethernet RS-FEC encoder uses two RS (544, 514, 10) codewords. Data from the PCS is distributed across these two RS codewords using a 10-bit round-robin approach.

[0252] Taking the 400GE Ethernet encoding scheme as an example, data from the MAC and higher-layer clients passes through the coordination sublayer, which translates data a and sends it to the 400GBASE-R PCS via the 400GMII interface. The PCS inserts AM and other operations into data a before sending it to the RS-FEC encoder for encoding. 400GE Ethernet RS-FEC encoding uses two RS (544, 514, 10) codewords. Data from the PCS is distributed across these two RS codewords using a 10-bit round-robin approach.

[0253] The above-mentioned coding schemes for 100GE, 200GE, and 400GE Ethernet all use RS coding in PCS as an example. When Ethernet evolves to 800G, the single-wavelength rate increases from 100Gbps of 400GE to 200Gbps. Coding can also be achieved through other methods. This application does not limit the coding method.

[0254] Interleaving can be performed by an interleaver, which can be used, for example, to e Indicates that the interleaver π e It can be an interleaver composed of a multiplexer (Mux) and a 10-bit symbol distribution (10-bit symbol distribution).

[0255] Step 602: The first host sends data A to the first optical module. Correspondingly, the first optical module receives the data A from the first host.

[0256] In one possible implementation, the first host can send data A to the first optical module via the second data flow path of the AUI, and accordingly, the first optical module can receive data A from the first host via the second data flow path of the AUI. Alternatively, the first host can send data A to the first optical module via the MDIO interface, and accordingly, the first optical module can receive data A from the first host via the CMIS interface.

[0257] Step 603: The first optical module processes the data A to obtain first data.

[0258] Specifically, the first optical module encodes and interleaves data A to obtain first data. Here, reference can be made to the processing of data a by the first host described above. Specifically, "data a" can be replaced with "data A", which will not be repeated here.

[0259] Based on the above steps 601 to 603, the structure of the first data obtained can be seen in Figure 8a The first data includes Q first codewords, where Q is an integer greater than 1. The first codewords include a first information block and a first overhead block. The first information block carries valid data and can also be called data bits; the first overhead block is used to correctly recover the data and can also be called a check bit. Typically, the first overhead block is added after the first optical module encodes the valid data. It can also be understood that, based on the above method a, the AM subsequence in the first data obtained by the first optical module is distributed in a scattered manner.

[0260] In mode b, the first optical module is synchronized based on data A from the first host.

[0261] See also Figure 6b , is a flow chart of another method for obtaining first data by a first optical module provided by the present application. The method comprises the following steps:

[0262] Step 611: The first host processes the data a to be sent and obtains data A.

[0263] The step 611 can refer to the introduction of the above step 601 and will not be repeated here.

[0264] In step 612, the first host sends data A to the first optical module. Correspondingly, the first optical module receives data A from the first host.

[0265] The step 612 can be referred to the introduction of the above step 602 and will not be repeated here.

[0266] Step 613: The first optical module is synchronized according to data A.

[0267] Specifically, for each physical coding sublayer channel, it is determined that the CM in the AM subsequence (ie, the second preset sequence) in the data A matches the CM in the known AM subsequence of the first optical module at least once, and the synchronization lock is determined. Figure 7d Taking physical coding sublayer channel D0 as an example, at least one CM in the AM0 subsequence in data A is detected to match the AM in the known AM0 subsequence of the first optical module, confirming synchronization lock. The symbol (10-bit) boundaries of the RS codeword on the first host side are aligned. The AM subsequence is inserted at the RS symbol boundary. Finding the AM subsequence is equivalent to finding the RS symbol boundary, and subsequent processing can be performed based on the RS symbol length.

[0268] It is understandable that, during synchronization, the first optical module does not send valid data to the second optical module until the first optical module is synchronously locked.

[0269] It should be noted that if the first optical module is unable to achieve synchronization based on data A, the first optical module may return data A to the first host. Accordingly, the first host receives data A from the first optical module and decodes data A. If the first host fails to decode data A, it indicates that the AUI between the first host and the first optical module has failed; if the first host successfully decodes data A, it indicates that the first optical module has failed during the synchronization process. Furthermore, AM subsequences may be inserted more densely in data a to facilitate synchronization of the first optical module. For example, if an AM0 subsequence is inserted once every 8192×5440 / 16 in data a in step 611 above, the more dense insertion may be an insertion of an AM0 subsequence less than every 8192×5440 / 16.

[0270] Step 614: The first optical module determines whether synchronization is locked and processes the data A to obtain first data.

[0271] Specifically, the first optical module removes the AM subsequence (i.e., the second preset sequence) from data A, interleaves the data A after the AM subsequence is removed, reinserts the removed AM subsequence after interleaving to obtain data B, and performs other operations on data B, thereby obtaining the first data. It can also be understood that when the first optical module processes data A, including interleaving, the AM subsequence skips the interleaver, thereby preventing the AM subsequence from being scattered. It can be understood that the AM subsequence is a fixed sequence before encoding and remains a fixed sequence after encoding.

[0272] Based on the above steps 611 to 614, the structure of the first data obtained can be seen in Figure 8b In other words, based on the above-mentioned method b, the AM subsequences in the first data obtained by the first optical module are not scattered but are completely distributed in the data.

[0273] Two possible implementations of the second optical module determining the synchronization state according to the first data are exemplarily shown below.

[0274] Implementation method 1: The second optical module determines the synchronization state based on the first decoding result.

[0275] like Figure 9 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining synchronization status provided by the present application. The method includes the following steps:

[0276] Step 901: The second optical module decodes the first data to obtain M first decoding results.

[0277] In a possible implementation, the first data may include Q first codewords. The first codeword may be, for example, an FEC codeword. The construction of the FEC codeword can be referred to the above related introduction and will not be repeated here.

[0278] The first decoding result includes decoding success or decoding failure. Specifically, for each first codeword input into the decoder, the decoder outputs a first decoding result for the first codeword. Taking the first codeword as the Hamming codeword (128, 120) as an example, each 128 bits is input into the decoder as a first codeword for decoding, and the decoder outputs a first decoding result for the first codeword. Similarly, by decoding the first data, M first decoding results can be statistically obtained.

[0279] Step 902: If the second optical module determines that the number of decoding failures in the M first decoding results is greater than a first threshold, it determines that synchronization is lost.

[0280] Step 903: If the second optical module determines that the number of successful decodings in the M first decoding results is greater than a second threshold, the second optical module determines that synchronization is locked.

[0281] The second threshold is different from the first threshold. For example, the first threshold can be rounded up to M×90%, and the second threshold can be rounded up to M×50%. It should be noted that this application does not limit the specific values of the first threshold and the second threshold.

[0282] In one possible implementation, the first decoding result may be an identifier of successful decoding or an identifier of failed decoding output by the decoder; or it may be an intermediate parameter (or syndrome) generated during the decoding process, for example, it may be represented by 8 bits, 00000000 indicates successful decoding, and if a non-zero bit appears in the 8 bits, it indicates a decoding failure; or it may be other representations that can distinguish between successful decoding or failed decoding, which is not limited in this application. If the first decoding result is an identifier of successful decoding or an identifier of failed decoding output by the decoder, it is possible to count whether the number of identifiers of successful decoding is greater than a first threshold, and whether the number of identifiers of failed decoding is greater than a second threshold. If the first decoding result is a syndrome generated during the decoding process, it is possible to count whether the number of 8-bit all-0s is greater than a first threshold, and whether the number of non-zero bits in the 8 bits is greater than a second threshold.

[0283] Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the determined decoding success or decoding failure. Taking the code length of the first code word as 128 bits as an example, the last 1 bit of the 128 bits of each first code word in the first data can be obtained by performing a first operation on the first 127 bits. After the decoder outputs the first decoding result of successful decoding, the first 127 bits of the 128 bits can be further operated on to determine whether the 1 bit obtained by the operation result is consistent with the result of the last 1 bit of the 128 bits input to the decoder; if they are consistent, it is determined that the decoding is successful; if they are inconsistent, it is determined that the decoding is a failure. For another example, taking the code length of the first code word as 128 bits as an example, the last 3 bits of the 128 bits of each first code word in the first data can be obtained by performing a first operation on the first 125 bits. After the decoder outputs the first decoding result of successful decoding, the first 125 bits of the 128 bits can be further operated on to determine whether the 3 bits obtained by the operation result are consistent with the result of the last 3 bits of the 128 bits input to the decoder; if they are consistent, it is determined that the decoding is successful; if they are inconsistent, it is determined that the decoding failed. For another example, taking the code length of the first code sub-codeword as 180 bits as an example, the last 2 bits of the 180 bits of each first codeword in the first data can be obtained by performing the first operation on the first 178 bits. After the decoder outputs the first decoding result of successful decoding, the first 178 bits of the 180 bits can be further operated on to determine whether the 2 bits obtained by the operation result are consistent with the result of the last 2 bits of the 180 bits input to the decoder; if they are consistent, it is determined that the decoding is successful; if they are inconsistent, it is determined that the decoding failed. Among them, the first operation method of the first optical module and the second optical module can be pre-agreed or pre-stored, and this application does not limit this.

[0284] It should be noted that the above steps 902 and 903 do not represent a sequence. If step 902 is executed, step 903 will not be executed; if step 903 is executed, step 902 will not be executed.

[0285] In a second implementation mode, the second optical module determines synchronization based on whether a first overhead block (or referred to as overhead (OH)) of a first codeword included in the first data includes a third preset sequence.

[0286] The preset sequence in this application refers to a sequence with a fixed length, bit value, etc., and is known to both the transmitter and receiver. For example, the third preset sequence may be an AM subsequence.

[0287] like Figure 10 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of another method for determining synchronization provided by the present application. The method includes the following steps:

[0288] Step 1001 , within a preset time window, the second optical module detects whether the number of third preset sequences included in the first data is greater than or equal to a fifth threshold; if greater, execute step 1002 ; if less, execute step 1003 .

[0289] See also Figure 11 , which is another structural diagram of the first data inserted into the third preset sequence provided by the present application. In this example, the first data is Figure 8a Taking the structure shown as an example, taking a first codeword with a length of 128 bits as an example, the first 120 bits are the first information block, 8 bits are the first overhead block, and the third preset sequence occupies part of the bits in the first overhead block. Exemplarily, the third preset sequence can be 3 bits, such as 001, 100, or 010. For example, the last 3 bits in the first overhead block are the third preset sequence. For another example, the first 3 bits in the first overhead block are the third preset sequence. It can be understood that the third preset sequence can occupy any three bits in the first overhead block. Exemplarily, the third preset sequence can also be 2 bits, such as 01, 10, etc. For example, the last 2 bits in the first overhead block are the third preset sequence. In addition, the third preset sequence can also be more than 3 bits or less than 3 bits, which is not limited in this application.

[0290] There is an association between the preset time window and the fifth threshold. For example, the preset time window may be 200 nanoseconds (ns), and the corresponding fifth threshold may be 128 times. For another example, the preset time window may be 100 ns, and the corresponding fifth threshold may be 64 times. Furthermore, the preset number of bits is equal to the product of the preset time window and the transmission rate.

[0291] Step 1002: The second optical module determines whether synchronization is locked.

[0292] Step 1003: The second optical module determines that synchronization is lost.

[0293] Through steps 1001 to 1003, since the third preset sequence occupies a portion of the bits in the first overhead block, the amount of transmitted data is not increased. Furthermore, the first overhead block is added by the first optical module after encoding the valid data. Therefore, the second optical module can determine synchronization based on the number of third preset sequences included in the first data without decoding the first data, resulting in a relatively simple implementation.

[0294] Based on the way in which the first module obtains the first data, two different data processing methods are exemplarily given below.

[0295] Method 1: The first optical module obtains the first data based on the above method a.

[0296] like Figure 12a FIG. 1 is a flow chart of another data processing method provided by the present application. The method mainly involves the data processing process on the second optical module side. The method includes the following steps:

[0297] Step 1201: A first optical module sends first data to a second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the first data from the first optical module.

[0298] In this example, the first optical module obtains the first data using the above-mentioned method a. The step 1201 can refer to the introduction of the above-mentioned step 501 and will not be repeated here.

[0299] Step 1202: The second optical module determines a synchronization state according to the first data.

[0300] If it is determined that the synchronization is lost, execute the following steps 1203 to 1206; if the synchronization is locked, execute the following step 1208.

[0301] The step 1202 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 502 and will not be repeated here.

[0302] Step 1203: The second optical module sends the first indication information and the first data to the second host. Correspondingly, the second host receives the first indication information and the first data from the second optical module.

[0303] In a possible implementation, the second optical module may send the first indication information to the second host through the indication signal path of the AUI or through the MDIO interface, and may send the first data to the second host through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0304] The second optical module can send the first data to the second host through the first data flow path of the AUI. The detailed description of the second optical module sending the first indication information to the second host can be found in the description of the aforementioned step 503, which will not be repeated here.

[0305] The second optical module sends a first indication message to the second host indicating that the second optical module has lost synchronization lock, indicating that the first data is invalid data. Therefore, after receiving the first indication message, the second host can determine that the first data is invalid data. Further, the first data can be discarded.

[0306] Step 1204: The first optical module sends the second data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the second data from the first optical module.

[0307] The step 1204 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 504 and will not be repeated here.

[0308] Step 1205: The second optical module is synchronized according to the second data.

[0309] The step 1205 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 505 and will not be repeated here.

[0310] Step 1206 : The second optical module determines whether synchronization is locked, and replaces (or covers, updates, modifies, etc.) part of the second data with the first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0311] In a possible implementation, the second data includes N second codewords, and the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block.

[0312] As follows, three possible ways of obtaining the third data are exemplarily shown.

[0313] Mode A: replacing the complete second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0314] In one possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, w of the N second codewords are replaced with a first preset sequence, where w is a positive integer less than or equal to N. Furthermore, w is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to N. When w is greater than 2, this can further prevent the second host from being unable to accurately determine the synchronization status due to partial loss of the second data during transmission. In other words, when w is greater than 2, this helps improve the accuracy of the second host's synchronization.

[0315] Furthermore, optionally, the length of the first preset sequence is equal to a positive integer multiple of the code length of a second codeword. For example, if the code length of the second codeword is 128 bits, the length of the first preset sequence is also 128 bits. For another example, if the code length of the second codeword is 128 bits, the length of the first preset sequence is 2×128 bits.

[0316] By replacing the complete second codeword with the first preset, the second host can quickly determine the boundary of each second codeword of the received second data, thereby reducing the time required for synchronization and reducing the complexity of synchronization calculation on the second host side.

[0317] Mode B: replacing the second overhead block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0318] In a possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, a second overhead block of w second codewords among N second codewords is replaced with a first preset sequence.

[0319] Furthermore, optionally, the length of the first preset sequence is less than or equal to the length of a second overhead block. For example, if the second codeword has a code length of 128 bits, the second information block has a length of 120 bits, and the second overhead block has a length of 8 bits, the length of the first preset sequence may be 8 bits.

[0320] By replacing the second overhead block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence, the normal transmission of valid data is not affected. Furthermore, when the length of the first preset sequence is equal to the length of one second overhead block, the second host can quickly determine the boundary of the second codeword of the received second data, thereby reducing the time required for synchronization.

[0321] Mode C: replacing the second information block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0322] In a possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, a second information block of w second codewords among N second codewords is replaced with a first preset sequence.

[0323] Furthermore, optionally, the length of the first preset sequence may be less than or equal to the length of the second information block of the second codeword. For example, if the code length of the second codeword is 128 bits, the length of the second information block is 120 bits, and the length of the second overhead block is 8 bits, the length of the first preset sequence may be 120 bits.

[0324] When the second optical module side needs to discard the second overhead block, the second information block is replaced by the first preset sequence, so that the second host can be synchronized according to the first preset sequence, which helps to reduce the time required for the second host synchronization.

[0325] It should be noted that the w second codewords replaced can be any w of the N second codewords, and these w can be consecutive or non-consecutive, and this application does not limit this. The intervals between the non-consecutive w second codewords can be the same. Furthermore, a second codeword can be replaced with the first preset sequence every 2×j×5440 / PCSL / L, where L represents the length of the second information block of the second codeword, PCSL represents the number of physical coding sublayer channels, and j can be a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, or 4. For example, taking L=170 bits and PCSL=16 as an example, a second codeword can be replaced with the first preset sequence every 2×1×5440 / 16 / 170=4 second codewords. For another example, taking L=120 bits and PCSL=16 as an example, a second codeword can be replaced with the first preset sequence every 2×3×5440 / 16 / 120=17 second codewords. Alternatively, the intervals between the non-consecutive w second codewords may also be different, which is not limited in this application.

[0326] Step 1207: The second optical module sends the second indication information and the third data to the second host.

[0327] In a possible implementation, the second optical module may send the second indication information to the second host through the indication signal path of the AUI or through the MDIO interface, and may send the third data to the second host through the first data flow path of the AUI.

[0328] The second optical module sends second indication information for indicating synchronization locking of the second optical module to the second host, indicating that the third data is valid data.

[0329] Step 1208: The second optical module sends the second indication information and the first data to the second host.

[0330] The description of step 1208 can be found in the above-mentioned step 1207 and will not be repeated here.

[0331] Through the above steps 1201 to 1208, the time required for data synchronization can be reduced without increasing the bandwidth of the communication system.

[0332] like Figure 12b FIG. 1 is a flow chart of another data processing method provided by the present application. The method mainly involves the data processing process on the second host side. The method includes the following steps:

[0333] Step 1211: The second host detects indication information through the AUI or MDIO interface.

[0334] In one possible implementation, if the second host detects the second indication information through the inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication of the AUI and receives the third data from the first optical module through the inst:IS_UNITDATA.indication of the AUI, steps 1212 to 1213 are performed. If the second host detects the first indication information through the inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication of the AUI and receives the first data from the second optical module through the inst:IS_UNITDATA.indication of the AUI, the second host determines that the first data is invalid data.

[0335] Step 1212: The second host performs synchronization according to the third data.

[0336] Since part of the third data may be lost when the second optical module sends the third data to the second host, the second host may first perform synchronization according to the third data after receiving the third data.

[0337] In one possible implementation, the second host synchronization includes four processes, namely: process 1, alignment lock (AM) lock; process 2, lane deskew; process 3, determining whether the conditions for lane reorder are met; process 4, lane reorder.

[0338] Step 1, AM lock

[0339] For each physical coding sublayer channel (i.e., within the channel), taking the physical coding sublayer channel D0 as an example, if the first host inserts an AM0 subsequence in the second data, and the first preset sequence is also an AM0 subsequence, the second host can recover the second preset sequence by deinterleaving, and match the CM in the AM0 subsequence detected at least twice in a row from the third data with the CM in the known AM0 subsequence of the second host, to determine that the physical coding sublayer channel D0 has achieved AM Lock. It is understandable that if 16 physical coding sublayer channels are included, process 1 needs to be performed on each physical coding sublayer channel until all 16 physical coding sublayer channels have achieved AM Lock, indicating that the second host has achieved AM Lock. It should be noted that the known AM0 subsequence of the second host can be pre-stored, and this application does not limit this.

[0340] If the first host inserts an AM0 subsequence into the second data, and the first preset sequence is not an AM0 subsequence, then the second host determines that the physical coding sublayer channel D0 has achieved AM Lock if the first preset sequence detected at least once from the third data matches the first known preset sequence of the second host, and if the CM detected at least once in the AM0 subsequence matches the CM in the known AM0 subsequence of the second host. It is understood that both the first known preset sequence of the second host and the known AM0 subsequence of the second host can be pre-stored, and this application is not limited to this.

[0341] Since the interval between the first preset sequence and the AM subsequence is closer than that between two consecutive AM subsequences, the second host can shorten the AM Lock time by matching the first preset sequence and the AM subsequence, thereby speeding up the synchronization process of the second host.

[0342] Process 2, Deskew

[0343] Determine the delay caused by the distance differences between transmission lines between the physical coding sublayer channels and eliminate relative delay. For example, taking the three aligned bits in the second optical module as an example, if the time of arrival through physical coding sublayer channel D0 is t1, the time of arrival through physical coding sublayer channel D1 is t2, and the time of arrival through physical coding sublayer channel D2 is t3, t1 is earlier than t2, and t2 is earlier than t3, t1, t2, and t3 can be unified into t3.

[0344] Step 3: Determine whether the channel reordering conditions are met

[0345] Taking 16 physical coding sublayer channels as an example, the number of AM subsequences on the 16 physical coding sublayer channels (i.e., between channels) is detected. Specifically, among the 16 physical coding sublayer channels, one AM0 subsequence is detected for physical coding sublayer channel D0, one AM1 is detected for physical coding sublayer channel D1, and so on, indicating that the channel reordering conditions are met. If the number of AM subsequences corresponding to any physical coding sublayer channel detected in the physical coding sublayer channel is greater than or equal to 2, it means that the channel reordering conditions are not met, and it is necessary to wait for the next time an AM subsequence is seen to match a UM sequence in the pre-stored AM subsequences until the channel reordering conditions are met.

[0346] Process 4, physical coding sublayer channel reordering (Re-order)

[0347] Because the second host cannot determine the sequence of the PCS channels, it relies on the UMs in the AM subsequence. Each UM corresponds to a PCS channel sequence number. For example, UM0 corresponds to PCS channel D0, UM1 corresponds to PCS channel D1, and so on. By identifying each UM in the AM subsequence and assigning it to the corresponding PCS channel sequence number, PCS channel reordering can be achieved.

[0348] Based on the above four processes, the second host performs synchronization until synchronization is locked.

[0349] Step 1213: The second host determines synchronization lock and processes the third data.

[0350] In a possible implementation, the second host may perform deinterleaving, decoding, and other processing on the third data to recover the data sent by the first host.

[0351] It should be noted that if the second host cannot achieve synchronization lock, that is, the second host determines that synchronization lock is lost, a third indication information may be sent to the second optical module, wherein the third indication information is used to indicate that the second host has lost synchronization lock. Further, optionally, the second host sends the third indication information to the second optical module via the MDIO interface.

[0352] Through the above steps 1211 to 1213, data synchronization on the second host side can be achieved by making minor changes on the second host side (adding channel rearrangement conditions). Moreover, by detecting the indication information sent by the second optical module, the synchronization process can be started as soon as possible, thereby helping to reduce the required synchronization time.

[0353] Based on the above method 1, the time required for the second optical module to synchronize and lock can be called the waiting delay T1, and the time required for the second host to synchronize and lock can be called the waiting delay T2. Since the second host involves m physical coding sublayer channels, the time required for the mutual delay skew alignment between the m physical coding sublayer channels can be called the waiting delay T3. Therefore, the waiting delay required for communication system synchronization is T sync =T1+T2+T3.

[0354] Method 2: The first optical module obtains the first data based on the above method b.

[0355] like Figure 13 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of another data processing method provided by the present application. The method mainly involves the data processing process on the second optical module side. The method includes the following steps:

[0356] Step 1301: A first optical module sends first data to a second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the first data from the first optical module.

[0357] In this example, the first optical module obtains the first data using the above-mentioned method b. The step 1301 can refer to the introduction of the above-mentioned step 501 and will not be repeated here.

[0358] Step 1302: The second optical module determines a synchronization state according to the first data.

[0359] The step 1302 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 1202 and will not be repeated here.

[0360] If it is determined that the synchronization is lost, execute the following steps 1303 to 1307; if it is determined that the synchronization is locked, execute the following step 1308.

[0361] Step 1303: The second optical module sends the first indication information and the first data to the second host.

[0362] For step 1303, please refer to the introduction of step 1203 below, which will not be repeated here.

[0363] Step 1304: The first optical module sends the second data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the second data from the first optical module.

[0364] In this example, the first optical module obtains the second data using the above-mentioned method b, and the second data includes a second preset sequence.

[0365] The step 1304 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 1204 and will not be repeated here.

[0366] Step 1305: The second optical module is synchronized according to the second data.

[0367] In a possible implementation, step 1305 may be the same as the process of step 1205 above. For details, please refer to the introduction of step 1205 above. This synchronization process may be referred to as synchronization mechanism 1.

[0368] In another possible implementation, based on the aforementioned method b, the second preset sequence inserted into the second data by the first host is not disrupted, and the second optical module can synchronize based on the second preset sequence included in the second data. For example, if the second preset sequence is an AM subsequence, synchronization lock is determined when the CM of the AM subsequence detected by the second optical module at least twice consecutively matches the CM of the known AM subsequence of the second optical module. This synchronization process can be referred to as synchronization mechanism 2.

[0369] It should be noted that the second optical module may also start the synchronization mechanism 1 and the synchronization mechanism 2 at the same time to coordinate with each other for synchronization.

[0370] Step 1306: The second optical module determines that it is in synchronization lock, and replaces part of the second data with the first preset sequence to obtain third data.

[0371] In a possible implementation, the second data further includes N second codewords, and the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block.

[0372] Three possible ways of obtaining the third data are exemplarily shown below.

[0373] Mode D: replacing the complete second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0374] In one possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, the first preset sequence is used to replace the first codeword starting from the boundary of any one of the N second codewords until at least one match between the second preset sequence and the second known preset sequence of the second optical module is detected and the replacement is stopped. For example, taking physical coding sublayer channel D0 as an example and the second preset sequence as the AM0 subsequence, the first preset sequence is used to replace the first codeword starting from the boundary of any one of the N second codewords and the replacement is stopped directly after at least one match between the AM0 subsequence and the known AM0 subsequence of the second optical module is detected. This helps reduce the number of second codewords to be replaced.

[0375] It should be noted that the second optical module starting to replace the second codeword with the first preset sequence and the second optical module detecting the second preset sequence can be performed synchronously. If the second preset sequence is detected at least once first, w / 2 second codewords can be replaced with the first preset sequence.

[0376] In this method D, the length of the first preset sequence can be found in the introduction of the aforementioned method A, which will not be repeated here.

[0377] Mode E: replacing the second overhead block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0378] In one possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, the first preset sequence is used to replace the boundary of the second overhead block of any second codeword among the N second codewords until at least one match between the second preset sequence and the second known preset sequence of the second optical module is detected and the replacement is stopped.

[0379] In this method E, the length of the first preset sequence can be found in the introduction of the aforementioned method B, which will not be repeated here.

[0380] Mode F: replacing the second information block in the second codeword with the first preset sequence.

[0381] In one possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, the first preset sequence is used to replace the boundary of the second information block of any second codeword among the N second codewords until at least one match between the second preset sequence and the second known preset sequence of the second optical module is detected and the replacement is stopped.

[0382] In this method F, the length of the first preset sequence can be found in the introduction of the aforementioned method C, which will not be repeated here.

[0383] Step 1307: The second optical module sends the second indication information and the third data to the second host.

[0384] The step 1307 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 1207 and will not be repeated here.

[0385] Step 1308: The second optical module sends the second indication information and the first data to the second host.

[0386] For step 1308 , please refer to the introduction of the aforementioned step 1208 .

[0387] Through the above steps 1301 to 1308, whether synchronization is performed can be determined without decoding the second data. The implementation process is relatively simple and can help further reduce the synchronization time of the communication system.

[0388] In a possible implementation, the second host-side data processing method in the above method 2 can be referred to above. Figure 12b The introduction of , will not be repeated here.

[0389] Example 2

[0390] like Figure 14 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of another data processing method provided by the present application. The method comprises the following steps:

[0391] Step 1401: The first host inserts k second preset sequences into the data b to be sent to obtain fourth data.

[0392] It can also be understood that the fourth data includes k second preset sequences, where k is an integer greater than 1.

[0393] Step 1402: The first host sends fourth data to the first optical module. Correspondingly, the first optical module receives the fourth data from the first host.

[0394] In a possible implementation, the first host may send the fourth data to the first optical module through the second data flow path of the AUI; or, the first host may send the fourth data to the first optical module through the MDIO interface.

[0395] Step 1403: The first optical module determines a synchronization state according to the fourth data.

[0396] If it is determined that the synchronization is lost, execute the following steps 1404 to 1409; if it is determined that the synchronization is locked, execute the following step 1410.

[0397] Step 1404: The first optical module sends the fourth data to the first host. Correspondingly, the first host receives the fourth data from the first optical module.

[0398] In a possible implementation, the first optical module may send the fourth data to the first host through the first data flow path of the AUI; or, the first optical module may send the fourth data to the first host through the MDIO interface.

[0399] The first host receives the fourth data from the first optical module, and can determine that the first optical module is out of synchronization and enters a loopback mode.

[0400] Step 1405: The first host decodes the fourth data and determines whether the decoding is successful.

[0401] If the first host does not fail to decode the fourth data three times in a row, the first host sends the fourth data and information indicating that the decoding has not failed three times in a row to the first optical module through the MDIO interface; further, the first host automatically enters a warning state after multiple attempts; if the first host fails to decode the fourth data three times in a row, the following step 1406 can be executed, indicating that the first optical module has failed in the synchronization process according to the fourth data.

[0402] Step 1406: The first host inserts h second preset sequences into the data c to be sent to obtain fifth data.

[0403] The fifth data includes h second preset sequences, and h is greater than k.

[0404] Alternatively, the first host may insert a second preset sequence into data c to be transmitted that is denser than data b. For example, the first host may insert a second preset sequence into data b at intervals of 8192×5440 / 16, and may insert a second preset sequence into data c at intervals of 8192×5440 / 16 / 2. Data c and data b are two parts of the same data stream.

[0405] Step 1407: The first host sends the fifth data to the first optical module. Correspondingly, the first optical module receives the fifth data from the first host.

[0406] In a possible implementation, the first host may send the fifth data to the first optical module through the MDIO interface, or the first host may send the fifth data to the first optical module through the second data flow path.

[0407] Step 1408: The first optical module determines a synchronization state according to the fifth data.

[0408] The step 1408 may refer to the introduction of the aforementioned step 1403. Specifically, the "fourth data" in the step 1403 may be replaced with the "fifth data", which will not be repeated here.

[0409] It should be noted that if the first optical module determines that the synchronization is lost based on the fifth data, similar steps 1403 to 1406 can be executed cyclically. Specifically, the above-mentioned "fourth data" can be replaced with "fifth data". The first host inserts a second preset sequence that is denser than the above-mentioned step 1406 into the data after the data c to be sent, obtains new data, and sends the new data to the first optical module.

[0410] Step 1409: The first optical module determines that synchronization is locked and sends the fifth data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the fifth data from the fourth optical module.

[0411] Step 1410: The first optical module sends fourth data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the fourth data from the first optical module.

[0412] After the first host receives the fourth data from the first optical module through steps 1401 to 1410, it can determine that the first optical module has lost synchronization lock and enter loopback mode. This helps prevent the first optical module from transmitting the lost synchronization data to the second optical module, causing the second optical module to be unable to accurately recognize the received data. Furthermore, this helps prevent the first optical module from exceeding the allocated processing delay limit. Furthermore, by more frequently inserting the second preset sequence to obtain the fifth data, the first host can enable the first optical module to achieve synchronization lock more quickly.

[0413] In a possible implementation, the steps after step 1410 can refer to the introduction of the aforementioned method 1 or method 2. Specifically, the "first data" in the aforementioned method 1 or method 2 can be replaced with the "fifth data", which will not be repeated here.

[0414] It should be noted that when the second host and the second optical module send data as the sending end, the above Figure 14 The method shown is also applicable to the communication between the second host and the second optical module. Specifically, the above-mentioned "first optical module" can be replaced with the "second optical module", and the "first host" can be replaced with the "second host".

[0415] In a possible implementation, the second embodiment may also be combined with the method b in the first embodiment. Specifically, the “data A” in the method b may be replaced with the “fourth data”.

[0416] Example 3

[0417] like Figure 15FIG2 is a flow chart of another data processing method provided by the present application. In this method, the first optical module and the second optical module communicate in full-duplex mode. In other words, the first optical module can receive data while sending data, and the second optical module can receive data while sending data. The method includes the following steps:

[0418] Step 1501: A first optical module sends sixth data to a second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the sixth data from the first optical module.

[0419] The sixth data includes a plurality of fourth code words.

[0420] Step 1502: The second optical module determines a synchronization state according to the sixth data.

[0421] For step 1502, please refer to the introduction of the aforementioned step 502, which will not be repeated here.

[0422] If it is determined that the synchronization is lost, the following steps 1503 to 1509 are executed; if it is determined that the synchronization is locked, the following step 1510 is executed. It can be understood that after the second optical module determines that the synchronization is lost, it determines that the received sixth data is invalid data.

[0423] Step 1503: The second optical module sends the first indication information and the sixth data to the second host.

[0424] The second optical module sends the first indication information to the second host through the indication signal path inst:IS_SIGNAL.indication of the AUI or the MDIO interface, and sends the sixth data to the second host through the first data flow path inst:IS_UNITDATA.indication of the AUI or the MDIO interface.

[0425] Step 1504: The second optical module replaces part of the seventh data with the fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data.

[0426] In a possible implementation, the seventh data is sent by the second host to the second optical module, and may be data obtained after the second host processes (such as encoding, interleaving, etc.) the data d to be sent.

[0427] The fourth preset sequence is used to indicate that the second optical module is not synchronously locked.

[0428] In a possible implementation, the seventh data may include obtaining P third codewords, where the third codeword includes a third information block and a third overhead block, and P is an integer greater than 1.

[0429] As follows, three possible ways of obtaining the eighth data are exemplarily shown.

[0430] Mode 1: replacing the complete third codeword with the fourth preset sequence.

[0431] In one possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, z third codewords in P third codewords are replaced with a fourth preset sequence to obtain eighth data, where z is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to P.

[0432] Furthermore, optionally, the length of the fourth preset sequence may be equal to a positive integer multiple of the code length of the third code word. For example, if the code length of the third code word is 128 bits, the length of the fourth preset sequence is also 128 bits.

[0433] By replacing the complete third codeword with the fourth preset, the first optical module can quickly determine the boundary of each third codeword of the received eighth data, thereby shortening the time required for synchronization and reducing the complexity of synchronization calculation on the first optical module side.

[0434] Mode 2: Replace the third overhead block in the third codeword with a fourth preset sequence.

[0435] In a possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, a third overhead block of z third codewords among the P third codewords is replaced with a fourth preset sequence.

[0436] Furthermore, optionally, the length of the fourth preset sequence may be less than or equal to the length of the third overhead block of the third codeword. For example, if the code length of the third codeword is 128 bits, the length of the third information block is 120 bits, and the length of the third overhead block is 8 bits, the length of the fourth preset sequence may be 8 bits.

[0437] By replacing the third overhead block in the third codeword with the fourth preset sequence, normal transmission of valid data is not affected. Furthermore, when the length of the fourth preset sequence is equal to the length of one third overhead block, the first optical module can quickly determine the boundary of the third codeword of the received eighth data, thereby reducing the time required for synchronization.

[0438] Mode 3: replacing the third information block in the third codeword with a fourth preset sequence.

[0439] In a possible implementation, on each physical coding sublayer channel, a fourth preset sequence is used to replace the third information blocks of z third codewords among the P third codewords.

[0440] Furthermore, optionally, the length of the fourth preset sequence may be less than or equal to the length of the third information block of the third codeword. For example, if the code length of the third codeword is 128 bits, the length of the third information block is 120 bits, and the length of the third overhead block is 8 bits, the length of the fourth preset sequence may be 120 bits.

[0441] When the second optical module needs to discard the second overhead block, the third information block is replaced by the fourth preset sequence, so that the first optical module can be synchronized according to the fourth preset sequence, which helps to reduce the time required for synchronization of the first optical module.

[0442] It should be noted that the z third codewords replaced can be any z of the P third codewords, and these z can be consecutive or non-consecutive, and this application does not limit this. The intervals between the z non-consecutive third codewords can be the same. Furthermore, a third codeword can be replaced with a fourth preset sequence every 2×j×5440 / PCSL / L, where L represents the length of the third information block of the third codeword, PCSL represents the number of physical coding sublayer channels, and j can be a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, or 4. For example, taking L = 170 bits and PCSL = 16 as an example, a third codeword can be replaced with the fourth preset sequence every 2×1×5440 / 16 / 170=4 third codewords. For another example, taking L = 120 bits and PCSL = 16 as an example, a third codeword can be replaced with the fourth preset sequence every 2×3×5440 / 16 / 120=17 third codewords. Alternatively, the intervals between the non-consecutive z third codewords may also be different, which is not limited in this application.

[0443] Step 1505: The second optical module sends the eighth data to the first optical module. Correspondingly, the first optical module receives the eighth data from the second optical module.

[0444] In a possible implementation, the second optical module may send the eighth data via a transmission medium connected to the first optical module.

[0445] The ninth data is obtained by replacing part of the tenth data with the fourth preset sequence by the first optical module. The specific process is similar to the above step 1504, specifically, the seventh data in step 1504 can be replaced with the tenth data.

[0446] Step 1506: The first optical module detects at least two fourth preset sequences from the eighth data, and replaces at least two fourth preset sequences in the ninth data with the fifth preset sequence to obtain the eleventh data.

[0447] The fifth preset sequence is different from the fourth preset sequence. For example, the fourth preset sequence may be an S1 sequence, and the fifth preset sequence may be an S2 sequence. Furthermore, optionally, the length of the fourth preset sequence may be the same as the length of the fifth preset sequence. Furthermore, the lengths of the fourth preset sequence and the fifth preset sequence may be equal to the length of the third codeword.

[0448] Step 1507: The first optical module sends the eleventh data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the eleventh data from the first optical module.

[0449] Step 1508: The second optical module detects at least two fifth preset sequences from the eleventh data and determines synchronization lock.

[0450] It should be noted that the second optical module does not need to decode the eleventh data and can directly detect the fifth preset sequence.

[0451] Step 1509: The second optical module sends the second indication information and the eleventh data to the second host.

[0452] Through the above steps 1501 to 1509 , the synchronization of the second optical module can be independent of the processing flow of the second host. Therefore, there is no need to change the existing synchronization flow of the second host.

[0453] In a possible implementation, the data processing method on the second host side can refer to the above Figure 12b The introduction of , I will not repeat it this time.

[0454] Furthermore, optionally, the second host may send fifth indication information to the second optical module. The fifth indication information is used to indicate the synchronization status of the second host. The synchronization status may include synchronization lock or synchronization loss. In other words, the second optical module can determine the synchronization status of data from the first optical module and the synchronization status of data from the second host. Exemplarily, the second host may send the fifth indication information to the second optical module via the MDIO interface.

[0455] like Figure 16 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of another data processing method provided by the present application. The method comprises the following steps:

[0456] Step 1601: The second optical module sends thirteenth data to the first optical module. Correspondingly, the first optical module receives the thirteenth data from the second optical module.

[0457] Step 1602: The first optical module determines a synchronization state according to the thirteenth data.

[0458] The step 1602 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 502 and will not be repeated here.

[0459] If it is determined that the synchronization is lost, execute the following steps 1603 to 1609; if it is determined that the synchronization is locked, execute the following step 1510.

[0460] Step 1603: The first optical module sends the first indication information and the thirteenth data to the first host.

[0461] Step 1604: The first optical module replaces part of the tenth data with the fourth preset sequence to obtain ninth data.

[0462] The step 1604 can be referred to the introduction of the aforementioned step 1504 and will not be repeated here.

[0463] Step 1605: The first optical module sends the ninth data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the ninth data from the first optical module.

[0464] Step 1606: The second optical module detects at least two fourth preset sequences from the ninth data, and replaces the fourth preset sequence in the eighth data with the fifth preset sequence to obtain the twelfth data.

[0465] Step 1607: The second optical module sends the twelfth data to the first optical module. Correspondingly, the first optical module receives the twelfth data from the second optical module.

[0466] Step 1608: The first optical module detects at least two fifth preset sequences from the twelfth data and determines synchronization lock.

[0467] Step 1609: The first optical module sends the thirteenth data to the second optical module. Correspondingly, the second optical module receives the thirteenth data from the first optical module.

[0468] The thirteenth data is normal data after the first host processes the data e to be sent, and the normal data does not include the fourth preset sequence and the fifth preset sequence. It can also be understood that the first optical module and the second optical module exchange normal data.

[0469] Through the above steps 1601 to 1609 , the synchronization of the first optical module can be independent of the processing flow of the first host. Therefore, there is no need to change the existing synchronization flow of the first host.

[0470] Through the above Figure 15 The second optical module can be synchronized and locked by the above Figure 16 The synchronous locking of the first optical module can be achieved. Figure 15 and the above Figure 16 Combining the methods shown can further reduce the time required for synchronization.

[0471] It should be noted that in the present application, the steps (or processes) executed by the first optical module can also be executed by the first PMA sublayer, or the first PMA sublayer and the first FEC sublayer, and for the convenience of explaining the scheme, it can be referred to as the first layer. The steps (or processes) executed by the second optical module can be executed by the second PMA sublayer, or the second PMA sublayer and the second FEC sublayer, and for the convenience of explaining the scheme, it can be referred to as the second layer. The steps (or processes) executed by the first host can be executed by the first PCS, or the first PCS and the first FEC sublayer, and for the convenience of explaining the scheme, it can be referred to as the third layer. The steps (or processes) executed by the second host can be executed by the second PCS, or the second PCS and the second FEC sublayer, and for the convenience of explaining the scheme, it can be referred to as the fourth layer. In other words, the first optical module described above in the present application can be replaced by the first layer, the second optical module can be replaced by the second layer, the first host can be replaced by the third layer, and the second host can be replaced by the fourth layer. The specific execution process will not be repeated here.

[0472] It is understood that, in order to implement the functions in the above embodiments, the first optical module, the second optical module, the first host, and the second host include hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to performing each function. Those skilled in the art should readily appreciate that, in conjunction with the modules and method steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein, the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or in a manner driven by computer software depends on the specific application scenario and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0473] Based on the above content and the same idea, Figure 17 and Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a possible communication device provided in this application. These communication devices can be used to implement the functions of the first optical module, the second optical module, the first host, or the second host in the above method embodiment, and thus can also achieve the beneficial effects possessed by the above method embodiment. In this application, the communication device can be as follows Figure 1 The first communication device 1011, the third communication device 1012, the second communication device 1021 or the fourth communication device 1022 shown may also be a module (such as a chip) applied to the first communication device 1011, the third communication device 1012, the second communication device 1021 or the fourth communication device 1022.

[0474] like Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 includes a processing unit 1701 and a transceiver unit 1702. The communication device 1700 is used to implement the above Figure 5 、 Figure 6a 、 Figure 6b 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 12a 、 Figure 12b 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 、 Figure 15 or Figure 16 The method embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes functions of the first optical module, the second optical module, the first host, or the second host.

[0475] When the communication device 1700 is used to implement Figure 5 The functions of the second optical module in the illustrated method embodiment are as follows: transceiver unit 1702 is configured to receive first data from the first optical module; processing unit 1701 is configured to determine whether synchronization is lost based on the first data. Transceiver unit 1702 is further configured to send first indication information to a second host, the first indication information being configured to indicate that synchronization of the second optical module has been lost; and receive second data from the first optical module. Processing unit 1701 is further configured to determine whether synchronization is locked based on the second data, and to send second indication information to the second host via the transceiver unit, the second indication information being configured to indicate that synchronization of the second optical module has been locked.

[0476] When the communication device 1700 is used to implement Figure 5 In the illustrated method embodiment, the second host functions as follows: transceiver unit 1702 is configured to receive first indication information from a second optical module, the first indication information being used to indicate that the second optical module has lost synchronization lock; processing unit 1701 is configured to determine that synchronization has lost lock based on the first indication information. Transceiver unit 1702 is further configured to receive second indication information from the second optical module, the second indication information being used to indicate that the second optical module has locked synchronization. Processing unit 1701 is further configured to initiate synchronization based on the second indication information.

[0477] For more detailed description of the processing unit 1701 and the transceiver unit 1702, please refer to Figure 5 The relevant descriptions in the method embodiment shown are directly obtained and will not be repeated here.

[0478] It should be understood that the processing unit 1701 in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component, and the transceiver unit 1702 can be implemented by an interface circuit or an interface circuit-related circuit component.

[0479] Based on the above content and the same concept, Figure 18As shown, the present application also provides a communication device 1800. The communication device 1800 may include a processor 1801 and an interface circuit 1802. The processor 1801 and the interface circuit 1802 are coupled to each other. It is understood that the interface circuit 1802 may be an interface circuit or an input / output interface. Optionally, the communication device 1800 may also include a memory 1803 for storing instructions executed by the processor 1801, or storing input data required by the processor 1801 to execute instructions, or storing data generated after the processor 1801 executes instructions.

[0480] When the communication device 1800 is used to implement Figure 5 When performing the method shown, the processor 1801 is used to execute the functions of the processing unit 1701, and the interface circuit 1802 is used to execute the functions of the transceiver unit 1702.

[0481] Based on the above content and the same concept, this application also provides a communication system. This communication system may include the aforementioned second optical module and a second host. Further, it may also include a first optical module and a first host. Possible implementations of the second optical module, the second host, and the first optical module can be found in the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0482] It is understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be a central processing unit (CPU), or may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0483] The method steps in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented by hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, mobile hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and storage medium can be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be located in a network device or a terminal device. Of course, the processor and storage medium can also exist in a communication device as discrete components.

[0484] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function of the embodiment of the present application is performed in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device, or other programmable device. The computer program or instruction can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer program or instruction can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video disc (DVD); it can also be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive (SSD).

[0485] In the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0486] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the text description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an "or" relationship; in the formula of this application, the character " / " indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in a "division" relationship. In addition, in this application, the word "exemplary" is used to indicate an example, illustration or explanation. Any embodiment or design described as an "example" in this application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Alternatively, it can be understood that the use of the word "example" is intended to present concepts in a specific way and does not limit this application.

[0487] It will be appreciated that the various numerical numbers involved in the embodiments of the present application are merely for the purpose of describing the distinctions made, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not necessarily indicate the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic. Terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, including a series of steps or modules. Methods, systems, products, or devices are not necessarily limited to those steps or modules clearly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not clearly listed or that are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0488] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A data processing method, characterized in that: include: The second communication device receives second data from the first communication device; The second communication device determines, based on the second data, that inner code block synchronization is locked, and generates second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate that the second communication device has locked inner code block synchronization; The second data includes N second code words, where N is an integer greater than 1; The second communication device determines inner code block synchronization lock according to the second data, including: The second communication device decodes the second data according to a sliding window with a preset number of bits; After the second communication device determines that at least one decoding is successful, decoding is performed according to the code length of the second codeword, and counting the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result; The second communication device determines that the number of successful decodings in the second decoding result is greater than a third threshold, and determines that the inner code block synchronization is locked.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method further comprises: The second communication device receives first data from the first communication device; The second communication device determines that inner code block synchronization is lost according to the first data, and generates first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate that the second communication device has lost inner code block synchronization.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: The fourth communication device obtains the second indication information through the attachment unit interface AUI or the management data input and output MDIO interface.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method further comprises: The fourth communication device obtains the first indication information through the AUI or MDIO interface.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The second indication information is 1.

6. The method according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that The first indication information is 0.

7. The method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein: The second communication device determines, according to the first data, that inner code block synchronization is lost, including: The second communication device decodes the first data to obtain M first decoding results, where the first decoding results include decoding success or decoding failure, and M is an integer greater than 1; If the number of decoding failures in the M first decoding results is greater than a first threshold, it is determined that the inner code block synchronization is lost.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein The preset number of bits is smaller than the code length of the second codeword.

9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Decoding the first data or decoding the second data includes generating a syndrome during the decoding process.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein The second data includes N second codewords, the second codewords include a second information block and a second overhead block, the second overhead block includes a third preset sequence, The second communication device determines inner code block synchronization lock according to the second data, including: The second communication device detects, within a preset time window, that the number of the third preset sequences is greater than or equal to a fifth threshold, and determines that the inner code block synchronization is locked.

11. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that The method further comprises: The second communication device sends the first data to the fourth communication device through a first data flow path of an attachment unit interface AUI.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method further comprises: The second communication device receives third indication information from the fourth communication device through the MDIO interface, where the third indication information is used to indicate that the code block synchronization of the fourth communication device is lost.

13. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that The second communication device includes a second optical module, the first communication device includes a first optical module, and the fourth communication device includes a second host.

14. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that The second communication device includes a physical medium access (PMA) sublayer, or includes a PMA sublayer and a forward error correction (FEC) sublayer; the fourth communication device includes a physical coding sublayer (PCS), or includes a PCS and an FEC sublayer.

15. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device is configured to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A communication system, characterized in that: The communication system includes an optical module and a host, The optical module is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-2 and 5-14; The host is used to receive data sent by the optical module.

17. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instruction. When the computer program or instruction is executed by the communication device, the communication device executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

Images