Methods, architectures, devices, and systems for joint beam management in nr duplexing

Abstract

Programs, methods, architectures, devices, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for joint beam management. A first wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be subjected to radio signal interference caused by a second WTRU. A first WTRU may receive, from a network node, information regarding a measurement configuration and a measurement and report configuration for at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from a second WTRU. In accordance with the received measurement configuration, the first WTRU may determine channel quality in accordance with the WTRU panel / beam index and in accordance with at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from the second WTRU. In accordance with the received reporting configuration, the first WTRU may report channel state information to the network node based on the determined channel quality. The network node may then command, for example, the second WTRU to avoid transmission in the direction of the first WTRU.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 334,713, filed on April 26, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to the fields of communications, software, and coding, including, for example, methods, architectures, devices, and systems related to joint beam management in NR (New Radio) duplexing. Background Art

[0004] In RAN#94-e, a RAN research project on NR duplex operation has been agreed. This technology can be a great basis for improving conventional TDD (time division duplex) operation by enhancing UL (uplink) coverage, improving capacity, reducing latency, etc. Conventional TDD is based on splitting the time domain between uplink and downlink. In NR Rel.18, the feasibility of cross-duplex (XDD) that allows full duplex within the conventional TDD band, or more specifically sub-band non-overlapping full duplex at the gNB side, is studied in detail. The implementation of XDD suffers from solving challenges caused by cross-link interference (CLI).

[0005] This document addresses at least some of these challenges. Summary of the invention

[0006] A method implemented by a WTRU is disclosed. The method is implemented by a first wireless transmission receiving unit WTRU. The wireless communication between the first WTRU and the network node is subject to cross-link interference CLI. The method includes receiving information indicating a measurement configuration and a report configuration from the network node, and the measurement configuration and the report configuration are for multiple sounding reference signals SRS to be received by the first WTRU. The method includes measuring CLI according to the WTRU beam index according to the received measurement configuration for at least a subset of the multiple SRS received by the first WTRU. The method includes determining a pair of indexes based on the measurement. The pair of WTRU indexes includes a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index of at least a subset of the multiple SRS received by the first WTRU. The method includes reporting to the network node. The report includes the determined pair of indexes, and the determined pair of indexes corresponds to at least one of the strongest CLI or the weakest CLI measured.

[0007] The present disclosure also relates to a first wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) comprising at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to receive information indicating a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration from a network node, the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration being for a plurality of sounding reference signals (SRS) to be received by the first WTRU. The at least one processor is configured to measure a CLI according to a WTRU beam index for at least a subset of the plurality of SRS received by the first WTRU according to the received measurement configuration. The at least one processor is configured to determine a pair of indexes based on the measurements, the pair of indexes comprising a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index for at least a subset of the plurality of SRS received by the first WTRU. The at least one processor is configured to report to the network node a report comprising the determined pair of indexes corresponding to at least one of the strongest CLI or the weakest CLI measured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] A more detailed understanding may be obtained through the following detailed description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Like the detailed description, the figures in these drawings are examples. Likewise, the drawings (each figure) and detailed description should not be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and probable. In addition, the same reference numerals ("reference") indicate the same elements, wherein:

[0009] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system;

[0010] Figure 1B It shows that it can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) used in a communication system is shown;

[0011] Figure 1C It shows that it can be Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used in the communication system shown;

[0012] Figure 1D It shows that it can be Figure 1A A system diagram of another example RAN and another example CN used in the communication system shown;

[0013] Figure 2 shows the cross-duplex (XDD) technique;

[0014] Figure 3 The cross-link interference (CLI) between gNBs and WTRUs (radio transmit-receive units) is shown;

[0015] Figure 4A potential victim WTRU is shown experiencing RF interference from an aggressor WTRU in its communication with the gNB;

[0016] Figure 5 and 6 Shown is a reference Figure 4 An example of SB-style beam reporting based on the association of a victim WTRU CRI (CSI-RS Resource Indicator) and an aggressor WTRU SRI (SRS Resource Indicator, where SRS stands for Sounding Reference Signal) is depicted in FIG.

[0017] Figure 7 Coordinated beam avoidance based on null space from an aggressor WTRU is shown; and

[0018] Figure 8 An example of directional CLI from multiple WTRUs is shown;

[0019] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a method for joint PMI measurement of aggressor and victim WTRUs for coordinated SB-style beam avoidance via joint PMI in accordance with an embodiment;

[0020] Fig.10 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment, the method is used to refer to Figure 8 , dynamic CLI mitigation in case of multiple aggressor WTRUs;

[0021] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment for SRI-based interference management resources when estimating CSI-SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio);

[0022] Fig.12 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method as described in this document.

[0023] Fig.13 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment.

[0024] Fig.14 yes Figure 4 , 5 and 6 in an alternative presentation in one figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In the following detailed description, many specific details are proposed to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it should be understood that such embodiments and examples can be practiced without using some or all of the specific details proposed herein. In other cases, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail to avoid confusing the following description. Further, the embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be replaced or combined with the embodiments and other example practices described, disclosed, or otherwise explicitly, implicitly, and / or inherently provided (collectively referred to as "providing") herein. Although various embodiments in which devices, systems, devices, etc., and / or any of their elements implement operations, processes, algorithms, functions, etc., and / or any of their parts are described and / or advocated herein, it should be understood that any embodiment described and / or advocated herein assumes that any device, system, device, etc., and / or any of its elements are configured to implement any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc., and / or any of its parts.

[0026] Example Communication System

[0027] The methods, devices, and systems provided herein are well suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. Figures 1A to 1D An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided in which various components of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged according to, and / or be adapted and / or configured for use with the methods, apparatus, and systems provided herein.

[0028] Figure 1A 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content (such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc.) to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail (ZT) unique word (UW) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0029] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of an industrial and / or automated process chain), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0030] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, for example, to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the network 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a home Node-B (HNB), a home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), an NR Node-B (NR NB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0031] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of a licensed spectrum and an unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage for a specific geographic area that may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver is used for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, and multiple transceivers may be used for each sector or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0032] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0033] More specifically, as mentioned above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) which may establish the air interface 116 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0034] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0035] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as New Radio (NR) radio access that may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0036] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0037] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), and the like.

[0038] For example, Figure 1A The base station 114b in may be a wireless router, a home node-B, a home enode-B, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in a localized area, such as a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, a pico cell, or a femto cell. Figure 1AAs shown, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Thus, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0039] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, delay requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid telephony, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. Figure 1A In the figures, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or that employ a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113 (which may utilize NR radio technology), the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs any of GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technologies.

[0040] The CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0041] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The WTRU 102c in FIG. 1 may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0042] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keyboard 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the above elements while still remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0043] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B While the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, such as in an electronic package or chip.

[0044] The transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to a base station (e.g., base station 114a) or receive signals from the base station via the air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, for example, the transmission / reception element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In an embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and optical signals. It will be understood that the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0045] Although in Figure 1B102 as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0046] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, for example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0047] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Additionally, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, or the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0048] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell battery packs (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0049] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to (or in lieu of) the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116, and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0050] The processor 118 may be further coupled to other components / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the components / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game console module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. Components / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0051] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via one of hardware (e.g., choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for either uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) are performed.

[0052] Figure 1C1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0053] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0054] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0055] Shown in Figure 1C The CN 106 in FIG. 1 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. Although each of the above elements is depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0056] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc., bearer activation / deactivation, and selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0057] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring a user plane during an inter-eNode-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0058] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0059] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or may be in communication with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0060] Although in Figures 1A to 1D WTRUs are described in the specification as wireless terminals, but it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such terminals may use (eg, temporarily or permanently) a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0061] In a representative embodiment, other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0062] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that loads traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs originating from outside the BSS may be reached by the AP and may be delivered to these STAs. Traffic originating from the STA to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP for delivery to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent by the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between a source STA and a destination STA (e.g., directly therebetween) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs (eg, all STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0063] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be of fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or the width may be dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) including the AP may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may exit. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0064] A high throughput (HT) STA may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of a 20 MHz primary channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0065] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channels may be formed by combining consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels (which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing may be performed separately on each stream. The streams may be mapped onto two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to a media access control (MAC) layer, entity, or the like.

[0066] Sub-1 GHz operation mode is supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to the channel operating bandwidth and carrier used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter type control / machine type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in large coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities including support (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0067] A WLAN system that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) includes a channel that can be designated as a primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by the STA that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode among all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, even if the AP (and other STAs in the BSS) support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is busy because a STA (which only supports the 1MHz operating mode) transmits to the AP, even if most of the band remains idle and may be available, the entire available band may be considered busy.

[0068] In the United States, the available frequency band (which can be used by 802.11ah) is from 902MHz to 928MHz. In Korea, the available frequency band is from 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is from 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. Depending on the country code, the total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz.

[0069] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0070] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, although it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0071] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerologies. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including a varying number of OFDM symbols and / or a continuously varying absolute time length).

[0072] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchors. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect to the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting to another RAN, such as the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0073] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, and the like. Figure 1D As shown, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0074] Shown in Figure 1DThe CN 115 in may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although each of the above components is depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0075] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of login areas, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b, for example, to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide control plane functions for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as Wi-Fi.

[0076] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of the services through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0077] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, for example, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0078] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a regional data network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0079] Given that Figures 1A to 1D and Figures 1A to 1D 1, one or more or all of the functions described herein with respect to any of the following may be performed by one or more simulation elements / devices (not shown): WTRU 102a to 102d, base station 114a to 114b, eNodeB 160a to 160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a to 180c, AMF 182a to 182b, UPF 184a to 184b, SMF 183a to 183b, DN 185a to 185b, and / or any other (multiple) elements / devices described herein. The simulation device may be configured to simulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0080] A simulation device can be designed to perform one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator's network environment. For example, one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all of the functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all of the functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using over-the-air wireless communication.

[0081] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communication network to perform tests of one or more components. One or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit system (e.g., which can include one or more antennas) can be used by the simulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0082] Introduction

[0083] [“Intruding Party” and “Victim Party”]

[0084] Hereinafter, the terms “Intruding Party” and “Victim Party” are used. In the context of this document, these terms are respectively used to define “causing RF (radio frequency) signal interference” and “suffering RF signal interference”. To illustrate this, an intruding party WTRU (e.g., “first” WTRU) can cause RF interference during the process of a victim party WTRU (e.g., “third” WRTU) receiving an RF signal (e.g., from a “second” WTRU or gNB), or can cause RF interference during the process of a victim party WTRU transmitting an RF signal (e.g., to the second WTRU).

[0085] [“WTRU Panel / Beam ID”]

[0086] Hereinafter, the term “WTRU Panel / Beam ID” or “WTRU Panel / Beam Index” is used interchangeably to distinguish antenna panel / beam identifier combinations. For example, a WTRU or gNB can have multiple antenna panels, and each antenna panel can have multiple (transmission) beams. Each of the antenna panels and beams can be identified by an identifier and / or an index.

[0087] [“Use of ‘a’ and ‘an’”]

[0088] Hereinafter, “a” and “an” and similar expressions should be interpreted as “one or more” and “at least one”. Similarly, any term ending with the suffix “(s)” should be interpreted as “one or more” and “at least one”. The term “may” should be interpreted as “for example, may”.

[0089] [Definition of beam]

[0090] The WTRU may transmit or receive a physical channel or a reference signal (RS) according to at least one spatial domain filter.The term "beam" may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0091] The WTRU may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filters used to receive RS (such as CSI-RS, where CSI stands for channel state information) or SS (synchronization signal) blocks. The WTRU transmission may be referred to as the "target" and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as the "reference" or "source". In such cases, the WTRU may claim to be transmitting the target physical channel or signal based on the spatial relationship with the reference to such RS or SS block.

[0092] The WTRU may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as used to transmit a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as "target" and "reference" (or "source"), respectively. In such a case, the WTRU may claim to transmit the first (target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relationship with the reference to the second (reference) physical channel or signal.

[0093] The spatial relationship may be implicit, configured by RRC (Radio Resource Control) or signaled by MAC CE or DCI (Downlink Control Information) (where CE stands for Control Element). For example, the WTRU may implicitly transmit the PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and the DM-RS (Demodulation Reference Signal) for the PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as the SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) indicated by the SRI indicated in the DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, the spatial relationship may be configured by RRC for the SRS Resource Indicator (SRI) or signaled by the MAC CE for the PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). Such spatial relationship may also be referred to as "beam indication".

[0094] SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) is part of two types of reference signals in the UL (SRS and DMRS for demodulation reference signals) that give information about the channel quality. The gNB can make decisions regarding resource allocation, link adaptation, and decoding of data from the WTRU for UL transmissions. SRS is a UL reference signal transmitted by the UE (e.g., to the base station). SRS may provide information about the combined effects of multipath fading, scattering, Doppler, and power loss of the transmitted signal. For example, the base station may use this reference signal to estimate the channel quality and may manage further resource scheduling, beam management, and power control of the signal. For example, SRS may provide information about a channel spanning the full bandwidth (e.g., to the gNB), and using this information, the gNB makes decisions regarding resource allocation that has a better channel quality compared to other bandwidth regions. One reference signal (DMRS) may be associated with each channel (PUCCH / PUSCH). DMRS provides information about exactly which frequency region is used by the PUSCH / PUCCH.

[0095] The WTRU may receive a first (target) downlink channel or signal based on the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameters as a second (reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such an association may exist between a physical channel (such as a PDCCH or PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel)) and its corresponding DM-RS. At least when the first signal and the second signal are reference signals, this association may exist when the WTRU is configured with a quasi-co-location ((QCL)) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such an association may be configured as a TCI (transmission configuration indicator) state. The WTRU may indicate the association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by the RRC and / or signaled by the MAC CE. Such an indication may also be referred to as a "beam indication".

[0096] [TRP, MTRP, M-TRP]

[0097] Hereinafter, TRP (e.g., transmission and reception point) may be used interchangeably with one or more of TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), RRH (remote radio head), DA (distributed antenna), BS (base station), sector (of a BS), and cell (e.g., a geographic cell area served by a BS), but still consistent with what is described in this document. Hereinafter, multi-TRP may be used interchangeably with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs, but still consistent with what is described in this document.

[0098] [Sub-band]

[0099] In the following, the term "sub-band" and / or "sub-band" is used to refer to a frequency domain resource and may be characterized by at least one of the following:

[0100] - a set of resource blocks (RBs);

[0101] - a set of resource block groups (RB groups) (e.g. when the carrier has an intra-cell guard band);

[0102] - a set of interleaved resource blocks;

[0103] - a bandwidth portion or part thereof;

[0104] - a carrier wave or part thereof.

[0105] For example, a subband may be characterized by a starting RB and the number of RBs used for a set of contiguous RBs within a bandwidth part.A subband may also be defined by the value of a frequency domain resource allocation field and a bandwidth part index.

[0106] [XDD]

[0107] Hereinafter, the term "XDD" is used to refer to sub-band duplexing (eg, using either UL or DL ​​per sub-band), and may be characterized by at least one of the following:

[0108] - Cross-duplexing (e.g., sub-band FDD within a TDD band);

[0109] - Full duplex on a sub-band basis (e.g., full duplex when both UL and DL are used / mixed on a symbol / slot, but either UL or DL ​​is used on a sub-band basis on a symbol / slot);

[0110] - Frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) for DL / UL transmissions within the TDD spectrum;

[0111] - Sub-band non-overlapping full-duplex (e.g., non-overlapping sub-band full-duplex);

[0112] - Full duplex except same frequency (e.g. spectrum sharing, sub-band overlapping) full duplex;

[0113] - Advanced duplexing methods (eg other than (pure) TDD or FDD).

[0114] [Dynamic / Flexible TDD]

[0115] The term "dynamic ( / flexible) TDD" is used to refer to a TDD system / cell that can dynamically (and / or flexibly) change / adjust / switch the communication direction (e.g., downlink, uplink, or sidelink, etc.) at a time instance (e.g., time slot, symbol, subframe, and / or the like). In one example, in a system adopting dynamic / flexible TDD, a component carrier (CC) or a bandwidth part (BWP) may have a single type of "D", "U", "F" on a symbol / time slot, which is based on an indication of a group common (GC)-DCI (e.g., format 2_0) including a time slot format indicator (SFI), and / or based on a tdd-UL-DL-config common / dedicated configuration. At a given time instance / time slot / symbol, a first gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) utilizing dynamic / elastic TDD may transmit a downlink signal to a first WTRU communicating / associated with the first gNB based on a first SFI and / or a tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the first gNB, and a second gNB (e.g., cell, TRP) utilizing dynamic / elastic TDD may receive an uplink signal transmitted from a second WTRU communicating / associated with the second gNB based on a second SFI and / or a tdd-UL-DL-config configured / indicated by the second gNB. In one example, the first WTRU may determine that reception of the downlink signal is interfered with by the uplink signal, wherein the interference caused by the uplink signal may be referred to as WTRU-to-WTRU cross-link interference (CLI).

[0116] [CSI ingredients]

[0117] The WTRU may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components, where the CSI components may correspond to at least a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of a panel for reception at the WTRU (such as a panel identifier or a group identifier), measurements (such as L1-RSRP, L1-SINR taken from SSB or CSI-RS (e.g., cri-RSRP, cri-SINR, ssb-Index-RSRP, ssb-Index-SINR)), and other channel state information (such as at least a rank indicator (RI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a layer index (LI), and / or the like).

[0118] [Channel and / or interference measurements]

[0119] [SSB] The WTRU may receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. The SS / PBCH block (SSB, also referred to as a synchronization signal block) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and / or a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The WTRU may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode SSBs during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, cell handover, etc.

[0120] [CSI-RS] The WTRU may measure and report channel state information (CSI), where the CSI may include or be configured with one or more of the following:

[0121] -CSI report configuration, including one or more of the following:

[0122] o CSI reporting quantities, such as channel quality indicator (CQI), rank indicator (RI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), layer indicator (LI), etc.;

[0123] ○ CSI report type, for example, aperiodic, semi-persistent, periodic;

[0124] ○CSI report codebook configuration, for example, Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc.;

[0125] ○CSI reporting frequency.

[0126] - A CSI-RS resource set, including one or more of the following CSI resource settings:

[0127] ○ NZP-CSI-RS resources for channel measurement;

[0128] ○ NZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurement;

[0129] ○ CSI-IM resources for interference measurement;

[0130] -NZP CSI-RS resources, including one or more of the following:

[0131] ○NZP CSI-RS resource ID;

[0132] ○Periodicity and offset;

[0133] ○QCL information and TCI status;

[0134] ○ Resource mapping, for example, number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.

[0135] The WTRU may indicate, determine, or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU may monitor, receive, and measure one or more parameters based on the corresponding reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may apply. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of parameters that may be included in the measurement of (multiple) reference signals. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included.

[0136] -SS-RSRP. SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) may be measured based on synchronization signals, such as demodulation reference signals (DMRS) in PBCH or SSS. It may be defined as the linear average of the power contributions of resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal. In the process of measuring RSRP, power scaling for reference signals may be required. In the case of using SS-RSRP for L1-RSRP, the measurement may be done based on CSI reference signals in addition to synchronization signals.

[0137] - CSI-RSRP. CSI-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average of the power contributions of the resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding CSI-RS. CSI-RSRP measurement may be configured within the measurement resources of the configured CSI-RS opportunity.

[0138] -SS-SINR.SS signal to noise and interference ratio (SS-SINR) may be measured based on synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). It may be defined as the linear average of the power contribution of resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the power contribution of noise and interference. In the case of using SS-SINR for L1-SINR, the power measurement of noise and interference may be done based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0139] -CSI-SINR. CSI-SINR can be measured based on the linear average of the power contribution of the resource elements (REs) carrying the corresponding CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the power contribution of noise and interference. In the case where CSI-SINR is used for L1-SINR, the power measurement of noise and interference can be done based on the resources configured by higher layers. Otherwise, the power of noise and interference can be measured based on the resources carrying the corresponding CSI-RS.

[0140] - RSSI. The received signal strength indicator (RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in the configured OFDM symbol and bandwidth. The power contribution may be received from different resources (eg, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.).

[0141] -CLI-RSSI. A cross-link interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contributions in the configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and frequency resources. Power contributions may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-link interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, etc.).

[0142] - SRS-RSRP. Sounding Reference Signal RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on a linear average of the power contributions of the Resource Elements (REs) carrying the corresponding SRS.

[0143] [Nature of authorization or assignment]

[0144] Hereinafter, the nature of the authorization or assignment may include at least one of the following:

[0145] - Frequency allocation;

[0146] - time allocation aspects (such as duration);

[0147] - Priority;

[0148] - Modulation and coding scheme;

[0149] -Transfer block size;

[0150] - Number of spatial layers;

[0151] - Number of blocks transmitted;

[0152] -TCI status, CRI or SRI;

[0153] - Number of repetitions;

[0154] - The repetition schedule is type A or type B;

[0155] - Authorization is configured as authorization type 1, type 2, or dynamic authorization;

[0156] - the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistently scheduled (e.g., configured) assignment;

[0157] -Configured with an authorization index or a semi-persistent assignment index;

[0158] - The periodicity of the configuration authorization or assignment;

[0159] - Channel Access Priority Class (CAPC);

[0160] - Any parameters provided by MAC or by RRC in DCI for scheduling grants or assignments.

[0161] Hereinafter, the indication of the DCI may include at least one of the following:

[0162] - An explicit indication of the DCI field or RNTI used to mask the CRC of the PDCCH.

[0163] - Implicit indication of properties such as DCI format, DCI size, control resource set (Coreset) or search space, aggregation level, first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of the first control channel element), where the mapping between properties and values ​​can be signaled by RRC or MAC.

[0164] Hereinafter, RS may be used interchangeably with one or more of RS resource, RS resource set, RS port, and RS port group, while remaining consistent with what is described in this document.

[0165] Hereinafter, RS may be used interchangeably with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, and DM-RS, while remaining consistent with what is described in this document.

[0166] In RAN#94-e, a RAN study item on New Radio (NR) duplex operation has been agreed. This technology can be a great basis for improving conventional TDD (Time Division Duplex) operation by enhancing UL (uplink) coverage, improving capacity, reducing latency, etc. Conventional TDD is based on splitting the time domain between uplink and downlink. In NR Rel.18, the feasibility of allowing full duplex within the conventional TDD band, or more specifically cross duplex (XDD) which is sub-band non-overlapping full duplex at the gNB side, is studied in detail, as an example see Figure 2 .exist Figure 2 , five transmission slots 201 to 205 in the time domain are indicated on the x-axis, and for each of the transmission slots, a combination of DL (downlink) and UL (uplink) transmissions or a single DL or UL transmission is indicated as spanning the TDD carrier bandwidth, indicated on the y-axis.

[0167] The implementation of XDD suffers from the key challenge of solving the cross-link interference (CLI), see Figure 3 . Figure 3Two gNBs (network nodes) 301 and 302 and two UEs (WTRUs) 303 and 304 are depicted in FIG. Signal interference may exist between gNBs (labeled “gNB to gNB” (= “network node to network node”, 312), between gNBs and WTRUs (labeled “gNB to UE” (= “gNB to WTRU”, 311), and between WTRUs (labeled “UE to UE” (= “WTRU to WTRU”, 310). Interference is indicated using thin arrows, while signals are indicated using thick arrows. In an XDD architecture, a potential aggressor cell may switch the transmission direction from UL to DL or vice versa, causing CLI on the potential victim gNB and WTRU.

[0168] In UL to DL CLI, the CLI from the aggressor WTRU may be directional, causing strong interference in one or more beam directions, while other beams may not be affected by the same. In NR Rel.17, the beam selection indication is based on the CRI associated with long-term CSI-RSRP and / or CSI-SINR measurements within the wideband, where the interference source is not reported. However, the victim WTRU may perform sub-band beam reporting in order to switch to a beam with lower interference, and further mitigate the CLI based on the beam from the aggressor WTRU in a specific sub-band by using the companion PMI (precoding matrix indicator) determination.

[0169] Furthermore, since CLI is triggered at the WTRU level, it can be dependent on traffic scheduling and can change dynamically. This results in different WTRU behavior in the case of directional CLI in XDD. Therefore, further research on joint beam management requires designing with orthogonality of PMI to the signal from the aggressor WTRU and dynamic CLI mitigation in XDD.

[0170] The interesting part then becomes how to determine the best WTRU panel / beam ID based on the CLI and / or SRS received from the aggressor WTRU, how to measure and report the CSI including the PMI to reduce the CLI caused by the aggressor WTRU, and how to take into account changes in interference where the aggressor WTRU has an advantage.

[0171] Thus, among other things, methods for joint beam management of a victim WTRU and an aggressor WTRU are disclosed. Also, among other things, CSI feedback enhancement in interference measurement is disclosed. Also, among other things, methods for dynamic CLI mitigation are disclosed.

[0172] Overview

[0173] The following paragraphs summarize some embodiments that are described in further detail below.

[0174] In a first embodiment, the sub-band beam reporting may be based on the CRI (CSI-RS Resource Indicator, where CSI-RS stands for Channel State Information - Reference Signal) of the victim WTRU and the SRI (SRS Resource Indicator, where SRS stands for Sounding Reference Signal) of the aggressor WTRU. Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,and Figure 6 .

[0175] -500, a potential victim WTRU (referred to as "victim WTRU") may receive from a gNB (i.e., from the network or from a network node) a measurement and reporting configuration (information about the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration) for one or more SRS signals (channel quality reference signals, e.g., SRI) received from a first aggressor WTRU (e.g., aggressor WTRU#1) in one or more SBs (sub-bands) (for reporting to the gNB).

[0176] -501, the victim WTRU may have performed beam sweeping using the gNB and accordingly may have determined and reported to the gNB one or more of the “best” (e.g., causing the least (weakest) interference at the victim WTRU or receiving at the highest receive power) victim WTRU panels / beam indices (e.g., CRI).

[0177] [Joint beam sweeping of potential victim and aggressor WTRU]

[0178] -502, the victim WTRU may select the victim WTRU panel / beam index (e.g., CRI) one by one (e.g., based on priority, such as higher SS-RSRP (synchronization signal-reference signal received power) and / or CSI-RSRP) and measure the beam-swept SRS power / strength of the aggressor WTRU; in other words, the victim WTRU measures the SRS signal from the aggressor WTRU that has been swept for beam measurement and beam management.

[0179] -503, the victim WTRU may determine the channel quality according to the received SRS signal (e.g., SRI) of the aggressor WTRU and the victim WTRU panel / beam index (e.g., CRI):

[0180] o For example, the victim WTRU measures the SRS-RSRP according to the received SRS signal (e.g., SRI) of the aggressor WTRU and the corresponding victim WTRU panel / beam index (e.g., CRI).

[0181] [SB-style beam pairing at a potential victim WTRU based on signals from an aggressor WTRU]

[0182] - 604, the victim WTRU may determine one or more pairs of measured SRS-RSRP (eg, SRI) and WTRU panel / beam index (eg, CRI) in one or more of the SBs.

[0183] o For example, the victim WTRU may create a list to include the most and / or least interfering SRS signals by organizing the measured SRS-RSRP in decreasing order.

[0184] ■ The victim WTRU may determine the SRS signal of the first aggressor WTRU (eg, SRI#1) that exerts the highest interference on the first victim WTRU panel / beam index (eg, CRI#1) and may include it in the list.

[0185] ■ Alternatively, according to the SRS signal (eg, SRI#1), the victim WTRU may determine the second victim WTRU panel / beam index (eg, CRI#3) for which the measured SRS-RSRP is lowest (has the lowest value).

[0186] -604, the victim WTRU may report the SB-style CRI and associated SRI pairs to the gNB for the strongest and / or weakest interference.

[0187] o Flags can be used to indicate the strongest or weakest interference.

[0188] -605, gNB can use SB type reporting together with WB (wideband) beam reporting.

[0189] o Hence, beam selection is based on WB beam reporting, where as SB style beam pair reporting can be based on SB usage with / without CLI.

[0190] o SB-style beam pair reporting may be used to influence / deter an aggressor WTRU from transmitting in a direction (eg, SRI) that causes strong interference on the victim WTRU.

[0191] ■ The aggressor WTRU may receive a SB-style indicator accordingly.

[0192] -606, in the case of CLI, the victim WTRU may receive information of the aggressor WTRU (e.g., the aggressor's WTRU-ID, TCI status (transmission configuration indicator), or SRI)

[0193] ○ 607, the victim WTRU may then determine the CRI-

[0194] The SRI pair selects the best beam (causing the least (weakest) interference to the victim WTRU).

[0195] Alternatively, 607, the victim WTRU may use the determined CRI-SRI pair for potential CLI measurements instead of measurements in all directions.

[0196] Fig.14 Depict in a diagram Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,and Figure 6 Alternative presentation.

[0197] See also Figure 7 and Fig. 9 , a second embodiment relates to a method for coordinated SB-style beam avoidance by combining PMI measurements of aggressor and victim WTRUs.

[0198] -900. A potential victim WTRU ("victim WTRU") may receive a measurement and reporting configuration for one or more SRS signals from a first aggressor WTRU (eg, aggressor WTRU#1).

[0199] ○901, based on one or more SRS received from the aggressor WTRU, the victim WTRU determines a first CSI quantity (e.g., the channel matrix H of the aggressor WTRU CLI ).

[0200] ○ In theory, zero CLI forces the precoder used for the serving cell to be at H CLI In the null space of , see Figure 7 .

[0201] ○ 902, the victim WTRU determines the null space associated with one or more SRS from the aggressor WTRU:

[0202] ■ Consider R CLI =rank(H CLI ) as H CLI rank.

[0203] ■Define singular value decomposition (SVD): H CLI =U∑[V (1) V (0) ] H

[0204] ■ Among them, V (1) Keep the first R CLI Right singular vectors.

[0205] ■ and V (0) Keep the last (n T -R CLI ) right singular vector, where n T is the number of CSI-RS ports (antennas) at the serving cell.

[0206] ■V(0) Formation for H CLI is an orthogonal basis of the null space of , and its columns are candidates for the precoding matrix for the serving cell.

[0207] - 903. The victim WTRU receives one or more non-zero power (NZP) channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) from the serving cell (eg, channel measurement resources (CMR)).

[0208] o The victim WTRU determines a second CSI quantity and a first precoding matrix indicator (PMI) based on:

[0209] ■ Determine the PMI to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the channel matrix of the serving cell.

[0210] ■ Determine the PMI to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the null space of the channel matrix of the aggressor WTRU.

[0211] -903, in other words, the potential victim WTRU selects a PMI linked to the serving cell such that it is in line with the direction of the TCI state / beam received from the serving cell and is orthogonal to the beam from the aggressor WTRU.

[0212] See also Figure 8 and Fig.10 , a third embodiment relates to a method for dynamic CLI mitigation, which is proposed in the case of multiple aggressor WTRUs.

[0213] -1000, a potential victim WTRU ("victim WTRU", e.g., 804) may receive a request for one or more aggressor WTRUs (e.g., Figure 8 The invading WTRU #1 (801), #2 (802), and #3 (803); 800 is the measurement and reporting configuration of the gNB or network node).

[0214] ○ The configuration may include WTRU-ID, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), SRS measurement resources in time and frequency, SRS measurement periodicity, SRS-RSRP reporting configuration, etc.

[0215] - 1001, for all configured aggressor WTRUs, the victim WTRU may receive, may measure, and may report the beam swept SRS signal of the aggressor WTRU.

[0216] - 1002, in case CLI occurs, the victim WTRU may receive information (eg, MAC-CE from the serving cell) on the aggressor WTRU (eg, aggressor WTRU#1) with the highest priority.

[0217] o For example, the victim WTRU receives the aggressor WTRU-ID and TCI state / beam direction of the aggressor WTRU, where the aggressor WTRU is scheduled in the same SB as the victim WTRU and causes the strongest interference.

[0218] - 1003. The victim WTRU may use the information (eg, SRS-RSRP) that it has measured in advance to receive DL from the serving cell based on the aggressor WTRU.

[0219] o For example, the victim WTRU selects the best beam direction and / or accompanying PMI associated with the corresponding aggressor WTRU.

[0220] -1004, in case the aggressor WTRU changes (eg, aggressor WTRU#2 is prioritized due to no traffic scheduled for aggressor WTRU#1), the victim WTRU accordingly selects the best beam direction and / or accompanying PMI associated with the corresponding aggressor WTRU.

[0221] See also Fig.11 , a fourth embodiment relates to SRI-based interference measurement resources (IMR) in the process of estimating CSI-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio).

[0222] - 1100, a potential victim WTRU ("victim WTRU") may receive beam selection and report configuration based on CSI-SINR measurements

[0223] o One or more NZP-CSI-RS for IMR may be received.

[0224] ○ One or more ZP-CSI-RS for IMR may be received.

[0225] o One or more SRS resource indicators (SRIs) may be received for the IMR.

[0226] - 1101, the victim WTRU may measure the received power as interference power based on the configured resources.

[0227] - 1102, the victim WTRU may add the interference power in the denominator of the equation used to estimate the SINR.

[0228] Joint beam management

[0229] The WTRU may utilize the gNB to determine and / or select one or more of the best WTRU panel / beam indices (for DL / UL communications) (e.g., based on measured RSRP). In one example, the WTRU may report one or more CSI-RS resource indicators (CRIs) (e.g., together with (multiple) corresponding beam / channel quality metrics) to indicate the selected best / preferred WTRU panel / beam indices (e.g., UE-gNB-CRI list). The best beam selection may vary when interference (e.g., CLI) is present in the authorized (e.g., allocated, configured, indicated) resources and / or sub-bands. In this section, an embodiment is provided for selecting the best / preferred beam regardless of interference, which is based on interference received from (multiple) aggressor / other WTRUs in the corresponding sub-band. Therefore, the beam selection is based on sub-band based beam pairing between one or more of the supporting WTRU, the gNB, and the aggressor / other WTRU. Therefore, the WTRU may select one or more of the best / preferred / corresponding spatial filters in the corresponding sub-band regardless of interference, see Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,and Figure 6 .

[0230] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU or "victim WTRU") may use, receive, or be configured with measurement and reporting configuration for one or more (SRS) signals (e.g., SRS resource indicators (SRIs)) of a first aggressor WTRU (e.g., aggressor WTRU#1, or a WTRU for which a specific aggressor WTRU-ID is not indicated, meaning that the victim WTRU may receive the one or more signals as characteristics of a potential interfering signal, etc.) from one or more of the granted resources and / or sub-bands. In an example, the victim WTRU may receive or be configured with an SRS resource set that includes at least one of a reference signal, an SRS resource index (e.g., SRI), time and frequency resources (e.g., sub-bands), repetitions, etc. Hereinafter, one or more signals may be used interchangeably with one or more SRS signals, one or more SRSs, one or more SRS resources, SRS reference signal, and SRS signal, while remaining consistent with the disclosure herein.

[0231] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured to receive one or more SRS signals that may be transmitted (e.g., swept) with different TCI states, spatial filters, and / or directions within a configured time and sub-band. In one example, an SRS signal (or UL RS or PUSCH or PUCCH, etc.) may be transmitted from a configured potential aggressor WTRU (e.g., aggressor WTRU#1), where the aggressor WTRU may be triggered to send an SRS signal (e.g., aperiodic SRS signal) with different spatial filters / TCI states in a corresponding sub-band.

[0232] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may receive and measure the beam swept SRS signal of the aggressor WTRU (e.g., based on the configured SRI and TCI states). In an embodiment, the WTRU may use and / or adjust its spatial receive filters to match the spatial filter / TCI state (e.g., UE-gNB-CRI list) that the WTRU uses to receive signals and / or channels from the gNB.

[0233] In one example, for example, the WTRU may therefore measure the SRS-RSRP according to the received SRS signal and according to the beam direction selected, reported, and / or identified by the UE-gNB-CRI. In one example, the WTRU may determine the SRS-RSRP in the corresponding subband according to the SRS signal (e.g., identified by the SRI) and according to the received beam (e.g., identified by the CRI in the UE-gNB-CRI list). For example, the WTRU may determine the SRS-RSRP for each pairing of the SRI and the CRI.

[0234] In an embodiment, the WTRU may determine the sub-band-wise pairing of the SRI and CRI of the aggressor WTRU from the UE-gNB-CRI list that results in the highest / strongest interference (or interference above a threshold). In one example, the WTRU may determine the strongest interference (or interference above a threshold) according to the SRI and based on the SRS-RSRP measured in the corresponding sub-band using a spatial filter corresponding to the corresponding CRI from the UE-gNB-CRI list.

[0235] Alternatively, the WTRU may determine the sub-band-wise pairing of the SRI and CRI of the aggressor WTRU from the UE-gNB-CRI list that results in the lowest / weakest interference (or interference below a second threshold). In one example, the WTRU may determine the weakest interference (or interference below a second threshold) according to the SRI and based on the SRS-RSRP measured in the corresponding sub-band using a spatial filter corresponding to the corresponding CRI from the UE-gNB-CRI list.

[0236] The WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may report the sub-band-wise SRI-CRI pairing with the strongest and / or weakest interference (and / or interference above / below a threshold) as determined by the SRS beam. In other words, in addition to reporting the paired SRI, the WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may report the best / preferred sub-band-wise beam selection based on reporting the corresponding CRI, whereby the strongest and / or weakest interference (and / or interference above / below a threshold) may be imposed on the WTRU.

[0237] [Interference mitigation methods]

[0238] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may receive a trigger and / or indication from a gNB that may impose potential interference (e.g., CLI) on the WTRU. In one example, the WTRU may receive an indication at a time and frequency (e.g., sub-band) that may be impacted by interference, for example, where the WTRU may receive characteristics of one or more potential interfering signals (e.g., RS / sequence configuration parameters, etc.) without indicating a specific aggressor WTRU-ID. In another example, the WTRU may receive an identification of one or more potential aggressor WTRUs (e.g., aggressor WTRU-IDs) and TCI status or beam direction information of the potential interfering signal (e.g., based on the SRI of the aggressor WTRU).

[0239] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may determine, identify, or be configured to use a receive spatial filter (in a corresponding sub-band) corresponding to a TCI state associated with an indicated TCI state of an interfering signal (e.g., based on the SRI of the aggressor WTRU). In an example, upon receiving an indication of interference, the WTRU may determine the aggressor WTRU and corresponding transmit TCI state or beam direction information (e.g., based on the aggressor WTRU-ID and SRI). The WTRU may determine and / or report the best beam selection based on the SRI-CRI pairing, which corresponds to the receive beam with the lowest / weakest interference (and / or interference above / below a threshold) from the indicated SRI of the aggressor WTRU in the configured sub-band.

[0240] [Beam selection indication from aggressor WTRU to gNB]

[0241] In an embodiment, a second WTRU (e.g., a potential aggressor WTRU) may receive signaling and / or indications to disable and / or deactivate one or more of the TCI states (e.g., UL TCI state, joint DL / UL TCI state to be used for both DL and UL, SRI, beam index, etc.) in one or more of the sub-bands. For example, the second WTRU may receive indications at times and frequencies (e.g., sub-bands) at which the second WTRU may cause interference (e.g., on one or more potential victim WTRUs). In another example, the second WTRU may receive one or more TCI states corresponding to the TCI states of the potential interfering signal (e.g., based on the WTRU's SRI).

[0242] A second WTRU (e.g., a potential aggressor WTRU) may determine, identify, or be configured to disable (transmit) spatial filters (in a corresponding sub-band) that correspond to a TCI state (e.g., UL TCI state, joint DL / UL TCI state to be used for both DL and UL, SRI, beam index, etc.) associated with an indicated TCI state of an interfering signal (e.g., based on the WTRU's SRI). In an example, upon receiving an indication of interference, the second WTRU may determine a transmit TCI state (or spatial filter, beam / channel coefficients to be applied on the transmit signal, etc.) based on the WTRU's SRI, for example. The indication on the disabled TCI state may be based on a determined SRI-CRI pair (e.g., reported by the potential victim WTRU and / or delivered to the second party), wherein the determined SRI-CRI pair may correspond to a receive beam, e.g., at the potential victim WTRU, having the highest / strongest interference (and / or interference above / below a threshold) from the indicated aggressor WTRU's SRI in the configured sub-band.

[0243] Joint beam management: beam selection methods

[0244] The WTRU may be configured to report CSI for at least one CSI reporting configuration, wherein the at least one CSI reporting configuration may include at least one channel measurement resource and at least one interference measurement resource (IMR). As described in the following section "CSI Feedback Enhancement for Interference Measurement", in a system using XDD operation, at least one interference measurement resource may correspond to an aggressor WTRU and at least one channel measurement resource may correspond to a potential candidate beam. The WTRU may be configured to report CRI and other CSI as part of such CSI reporting configuration to inform the WTRU of the presence of interference on the best candidate beam. The WTRU may also determine its best spatial filter and receive panel for the corresponding CSI reporting configuration.

[0245] [Interference configuration instructions for setting spatial filters and panels for reception]

[0246] In some embodiments, at least for reception of PDCCH, PDSCH, and associated DM-RS, the WTRU may determine at least one of its spatial filter and receive panel based on an interference configuration in addition to or included in the TCI state. The interference configuration may correspond to a set of at least one interference measurement resource (IMR) identified by at least one of a non-zero power CSI-RS, a zero power CSI-RS, or an SRS resource. The WTRU may receive at least one instance of the interference configuration via MAC CE and / or RRC signaling.

[0247] For example, in an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with at least one interference configuration indication (ICI), where each ICI may include an ICI identifier and a set of IMRs. The WTRU may determine the ICI and TCI states applicable for PDCCH or PDSCH reception and determine the spatial filter and / or receive panel based on the applicable ICI and TCI states.

[0248] For example, in an embodiment, the WTRU may receive a configuration for at least one extended TCI state, wherein the extended TCI state may include a configuration of at least one IMR or an indication of at least one ICI. The WTRU may determine an extended TCI state applicable for PDCCH or PDSCH reception and determine a spatial filter and / or receive panel based on the applicable extended TCI state.

[0249] In some embodiments, the WTRU may also determine the spatial filter and transmit panel based on the interference configuration used for transmission of the PUCCH, PUSCH, and associated DM-RS.

[0250] [Determination of Interference Configuration Indication]

[0251] The WTRU may determine the ICI applicable for reception based on at least one of the following embodiments:

[0252] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an ICI configuration associated with or included in an extended TCI state. The WTRU may determine the extended TCI state applicable for reception based on, for example, existing solutions for TCI states or unified TCI states, and determine the applicable ICI as the ICI associated with this TCI state.

[0253] In an embodiment, the WTRU may be configured with ICI applicable to reception or transmission via RRC signaling and / or MAC CE. For example, the WTRU may receive an information element for ICI applicable to a set of control resources for a PDCCH, or the WTRU may receive a MAC CE indicating ICI applicable to a set of control resources.

[0254] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an indication of applicable ICI via an explicit or implicit indication from the DCI. For example, each value of a new or existing DCI field may be mapped to an ICI identifier. The mapping may be configured via RRC and / or signaled in a MAC CE. For example, a DCI field may include a TCI status indication field. The ICI indicated by the DCI may be applicable to the indicated reception (e.g., PDSCH) or transmission (e.g., PUSCH), or to subsequent reception and transmission for a corresponding unified TCI instance.

[0255] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an ICI configuration applicable to certain time and frequency resources. For example, the WTRU may be indicated a set of symbols or time slots and a frequency range and at least one of the corresponding ICIs. At least one set of symbols or time slots may be indicated by a bitmap or by a periodicity and offset parameter. The frequency range may be indicated by a starting resource block and a number of resource blocks, by a bitmap, by a frequency domain resource allocation field, and / or a bandwidth portion indicator field. The indication may be signaled by RRC, MACCE, or DCI. If the reception (or transmission) completely or partially overlaps with the time and frequency resources corresponding to the ICI, the WTRU may determine that the ICI is applicable to the reception (or transmission).

[0256] CSI feedback enhancement for interference measurement

[0257] In the following, SRS resource set may be used interchangeably with SRS resource, but still consistent with the content described in this document. In the following, CSI-RS resource set may be used interchangeably with CSI-RS resource, but still consistent with the content described in this document.

[0258] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured with a measurement and reporting configuration regarding an SRS reference signal. In one example, the WTRU may receive one or more SRS resources (e.g., transmitted from a potential aggressor WTRU), such as for interference measurement resources (IMR), for example, as part of a CSI feedback / reporting configuration or procedure. The WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or use the received power associated with the SRS reference signal to determine an interference signal measurement (e.g., based on SRS-RSRP).

[0259] Alternatively, the WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or use the received power associated with the SRS reference signal to determine the interference power to be added to other interference power sources (e.g., NZP-CSIRS for IMR (or IMR based on NZP-CSI-RS), ZP-CSI-RS for IMR (or IMR based on ZP-CSI-RS)). In one example, the WTRU may use the measured power based on the SRS reference signal to be added along with (e.g., in addition to) other interference powers (e.g., IMR based on NZP-CSI-RS and / or IMR based on ZP-CSI-RS) in the denominator of the equation used to determine the SINR (e.g., as part of the interference). This may provide benefits in terms of DL (and / or UL) performance improvement since the interference power in the equation used to determine the SINR may be based not only on downlink intra-cell / inter-cell (or intra-TRP / inter-TRP) interference, but also on uplink (or sidelink) interference (e.g., from an aggressor WTRU) as intra-subband CLI or inter-subband CLI, which may be measured at the WTRU (e.g., the victim WTRU) based on, for example, receiving a UL signal / feature configuration delivered from the serving gNB / TRP (of the WTRU) via a backhaul signal exchange between the serving gNB / TRP and a neighboring (aggressor WTRU's) gNB / TRP.

[0260] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured to receive one or more (WTRU-specific) SRS reference signals from one or more WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) or without a specific (multiple) aggressor WTRU-ID to measure and report corresponding channel and / or interference measurements in one or more sub-bands. Alternatively, the WTRU may be configured to receive at least one SRS reference signal, which may be transmitted jointly and / or simultaneously by one or more of the WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) in one or more sub-bands. For example, the WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or determine the received power based on the configured reference signal, which may be an aggregate of the power received from all (or a group of) configured WTRUs in the corresponding sub-band.

[0261] CSI Feedback Enhancement for Interference Measurement: Coordinated SB-style Beam Avoidance via Joint PMI Measurements of Aggressor and Victim WTRUs

[0262] In an embodiment, a first WTRU (e.g., potential victim WTRU 703) may be configured to receive one or more reference signals (e.g., SRS) for measurement and reporting from a second WTRU (e.g., potential aggressor WTRU 702), see Figure 7; The gNB (network node) is referenced by reference numeral 701. For example, the reference signal configuration may include a reference signal index, time / frequency resources (e.g., sub-bands), TCI states, etc. The WTRUs may receive each reference signal according to their time / frequency configuration. The WTRUs may measure, estimate, and / or determine an amount of a first reference signal for channel and / or interference measurements (e.g., an interference channel matrix of an aggressor WTRU).

[0263] A WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may be configured to receive one or more CSI reference signals (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS) for channel measurement and reporting from a gNB. For example, the CSI-RS configuration may include NZP-CSI-RS resources / indexes, time / frequency resources (e.g., subbands), TCI states, etc. The WTRU may receive each CSI-RS resource / signal according to their time / frequency configuration. The WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or determine the amount of second CSI for channel measurement (e.g., gNB channel matrix).

[0264] In an embodiment, a first WTRU may simulate interference from a second WTRU (e.g., CLI from an aggressor WTRU) based on a channel matrix (e.g., an interference channel matrix of an aggressor WTRU) measured and / or determined from a reference signal received from a second WTRU (e.g., an SRS signal received from an aggressor WTRU). The WTRU may determine the reference signal received from the second WTRU (e.g., a potential aggressor WTRU) as a basis to calculate the CSI and / or precoding matrix index (PMI) for connection with a gNB (e.g., for communication). Therefore, the WTRU may select a PMI that is linked to a gNB that is associated with a TCI state / beam direction received from the gNB and is orthogonal to a beam received from the second WTRU (e.g., a potential aggressor WTRU) (e.g., close to a null space to minimize interference from the beam). A formulation (as an example) is provided as follows, which is based on the null space of a precoding matrix that is selected based on the reference signal received from the second WTRU for interference measurement.

[0265] In another embodiment, the WTRU may be configured to receive one or more CSI reference signals from one or more WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) or without a specific aggressor WTRU-ID(s) to measure and report corresponding channel and / or interference measurements in one or more sub-bands. Alternatively, the WTRU may be configured to receive at least one CSI reference signal, which may be transmitted jointly and / or simultaneously by one or more of the WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs) in one or more sub-bands. For example, the WTRU may measure, estimate, and / or determine the received power based on the configured reference signal, which may be an aggregate of the power received from all (or a group of) configured WTRUs in the corresponding sub-band.

[0266] [Example Formulation]

[0267] In an embodiment, the WTRU may use a procedure for measuring PMI in the presence of interference (e.g., CLI). The procedure may include one or more of the following:

[0268] - Considering the TCI state associated with the gNB of the serving cell, CLI An interfering channel matrix for the aggressor WTRU is determined.

[0269] - R CLI =rank(H CLI ) is determined as H CLI rank.

[0270] -Define singular value decomposition (SVD): H CLI =UΣ[V (1) V (0) ] T

[0271] - Among them,]H (1) Keep the first R CLI Right singular vectors.

[0272] - and V (0) Keep the last (n T -R CLI ) right singular vector, where n T is the number of CSI-RS ports (antennas) at the serving cell.

[0273] -V (0) Formation for H CLI is an orthogonal basis of the null space of , and its columns are candidates for the precoding matrix for the serving cell.

[0274] -Finally, the WTRU may select and report a PMI based on one or more of the following:

[0275] o The PMI is determined to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the channel matrix of the serving cell.

[0276] o The PMI is determined to achieve the minimum distance between the precoder and the null space of the channel matrix of the aggressor WTRU.

[0277] Dynamic CLI Mitigation in Case of Multiple Aggressor WTRUs

[0278] In an embodiment, a WTRU (e.g., a potential victim WTRU) may receive one or more configuration parameters for measurement and reporting, wherein the one or more configuration parameters may include at least one of the following:

[0279] - One or more DL RS resources, e.g., for channel (and / or beam) measurements

[0280] - One or more IMRs, e.g. for the first part of the interference measurement

[0281] - One or more second (RS) resources, e.g., a second part for interference measurement

[0282] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an indication / configuration of one or more configuration parameters that may be used for CSI feedback / reporting, wherein CSI (e.g., at least one of CRI, SSB index, RI, PMI, layer indicator (LI), CQI, etc.) used for CSI feedback / reporting may be transmitted / reported from the WTRU.

[0283] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive an indication / configuration of one or more configuration parameters that can be used for beam reporting, where at least one of the CRI, SSB index, (L1-)RSRP, (L1-)SINR, etc. used for beam reporting may be transmitted / reported from the WTRU.

[0284] The WTRU may determine that one or more second (RS) resources (e.g., one or more SRS signals transmitted from other (multiple) WTRUs, one or more SRS resources, one or more RSs, etc.) may be transmitted from one or more other WTRUs (e.g., potential aggressor WTRUs, such as aggressor WTRUs #1, #2, and #3, etc.). In an example, the one or more second (RS) resources may include one or more paired information contents, wherein each pair of the one or more paired information contents may include (or indicate) a WTRU-ID (or an index for a pair or a pairing index, etc.) and a set of (RS) resource configurations associated with the WTRU-ID. The set of resource configurations may include / contain (multiple) SRS resource indicators, (multiple) SRS measurement resources in time and frequency, (multiple) SRS measurement periodicity, (multiple) SRS-RSRP reporting configurations, etc.

[0285] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive the following paired information content of one or more second (RS) resources:

[0286] - First pair: {first index or WTRU-ID (aggressor WTRU#1) and first set (RS) resource configuration}

[0287] - Second pair: {second index or WTRU-ID (aggressor WTRU #2) and second set (RS) resource configuration}

[0288] - Third pair: {third index or WTRU-ID (aggressor WTRU #3) and third set (RS) resource configuration}

[0289] -etc.

[0290] In an example, the WTRU may receive / measure one or more second (RS) resources, which may include / indicate one or more beam-swept SRS transmissions (from at least one of the aggressor WTRUs #1, #2, #3, etc.). In response to receiving / measuring one or more second (RS) resources (e.g., such as beam-swept SRS transmissions from multiple aggressor WTRUs), the WTRU may report / transmit measurement results of the one or more second (RS) resources, where the measurement results may include:

[0291] - One or more selected / preferred (or non-preferred) WTRU-IDs (of one or more paired information contents), each having a quality-related metric value (e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-SRS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, and / or the like) determined based on RS resources (e.g., SRI) and one or more sub-bands (e.g., where the selected / preferred (multiple) sub-bands of the one or more sub-bands may also be reported).

[0292] In an embodiment, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI) an indication of one or more pairing indexes (e.g., a first index (of one or more paired information contents) of one or more second (RS) resources (as the aggressor WTRU#1)). In response to receiving the indication of the first index (as the aggressor WTRU#1), the WTRU may report / transmit a first measurement result including one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-RS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, and / or the like), each having a corresponding RS resource (e.g., SRI) transmitted (from the aggressor WTRU#1) associated with the first index determined based on one or more sub-bands.

[0293] In an example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI) an indication of one or more paired indexes (e.g., a first index (as aggressor WTRU#1) and a second index (as aggressor WTRU#2) of (one or more paired information contents) of one or more second (RS) resources from the gNB / TRP. In response to receiving the indication of the first index (as aggressor WTRU#1) and the second index (as aggressor WTRU#2), the WTRU may report / transmit a second measurement result, the second measurement result including:

[0294] - first one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-RS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, and / or the like), each having a corresponding RS resource transmitted (from aggressor WTRU #1) associated with a first index determined based on the one or more sub-bands (e.g., SRI); and

[0295] - A second one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-RS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, and / or the like), each having a corresponding RS resource (e.g., SRI) transmitted (from aggressor WTRU #2) associated with a second index determined based on the one or more sub-bands.

[0296] In an example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI) an indication of one or more pairing indices (e.g., a second index (as aggressor WTRU#2) and a third index (as aggressor WTRU#3) of (one or more paired information contents) of one or more second (RS) resources from the gNB / TRP. The indication of changing the one or more pairing indices may be due to the aggressor WTRU#1 not having buffered traffic and may be due to the aggressor WTRU#3 having (new) buffered traffic. In response to receiving the indication of the second index (as aggressor WTRU#2) and the third index (as aggressor WTRU#3), the WTRU may report / transmit a third measurement result, the third measurement result including:

[0297] - a second one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-RS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, and / or the like), each having a corresponding RS resource transmitted (from aggressor WTRU #2) associated with a second index determined based on the one or more sub-bands (e.g., SRI); and

[0298] -A third one or more quality-related metric values ​​(e.g., SRS-RSRP, Layer 1 (L1)-RS-RSRP, CLI-RSSI, and / or the like), each having a corresponding RS resource transmitted (from the aggressor WTRU #3) associated with a third index determined based on the one or more sub-bands (e.g., SRI).

[0299] The WTRU may determine that an indication of one or more pairing indexes (e.g., via MAC-CE and / or DCI) (e.g., determined / selected upon occurrence of CLI) may be a priority indication, the indicated one or more pairing indexes to be applied to determine corresponding measurement results (e.g., first, second, or third measurement results) to be reported by the WTRU. In an example, the WTRU may determine a TCI state / beam direction of an aggressor WTRU based on the indicated one or more pairings, wherein the aggressor WTRU(s) may be scheduled in the same SB as the WTRU (e.g., the victim WTRU) and cause the strongest interference(s) to the WTRU. The WTRU may apply the measurement results (e.g., at least one of the first, second, and third measurement results) to determine (e.g., based on CSI feedback / reporting) a (preferred) CSI to report or (e.g., based on beam reporting) a (preferred) beam (with quality metric) to report, wherein the determination may be based on measurement results (e.g., CLI, second portion for interference measurement) other than, for example, one or more DL RS resources for channel (and / or beam) measurement and at least one of, for example, one or more IMRs for the first portion for interference measurement.

[0300] Fig.12 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the method implemented by a first wireless transmit receive unit WTRU, wherein wireless communication between the first WTRU and a gNB is subject to radio signal interference caused by a second WTRU. Figure 4 ;exist Figure 4In 1201, the gNB (network node) is represented by "gNB" (401), the first WTRU is represented by "potential victim WTRU" (403), and the second WTRU is represented by "aggressor WTRU#1" (402). In 1201, the first WTRU receives information about measurement configuration and reporting configuration from the gNB, which measurement configuration and reporting configuration are for at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from the second WTRU. In 1202, based on the received measurement configuration, the first WTRU determines the channel quality according to the WTRU panel / beam index and according to at least one channel quality reference signal received by the first WTRU from the second WTRU. In 1203, based on the received reporting configuration, the first WTRU reports channel state information to the gNB based on the determined channel quality. The report can then be used, for example, by the gNB to command the second WTRU to avoid transmitting in a direction that causes strong interference on the first WTRU.

[0301] According to a further embodiment, in determining the channel quality according to the WTRU panel / beam index and according to at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU, the method includes determining a pair of WTRU panel / beam indices and channel quality reference signals received from the second WTRU that cause the highest interference in the wireless communication between the first WTRU and the gNB, and reporting channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0302] According to a further embodiment, in determining the channel quality according to the WTRU panel / beam index and according to at least one channel quality reference signal received from a second WTRU, the method includes determining a pair of WTRU panel / beam indices and channel quality reference signals received from the second WTRU having a lowest sounding reference signal-reference signal received power, and reporting channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0303] According to a further embodiment, the at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU is based on a sounding reference signal-resource indicator.

[0304] According to a further embodiment, the WTRU panel / beam index is based on a channel state information-resource signal resource indicator.

[0305] According to a further embodiment, the measurement configuration is sounding reference signal-reference signal received power.

[0306] According to a further embodiment, the channel state information corresponds to at least one of:

[0307] - Channel state information-reference signal resource indicator;

[0308] - Synchronization signal block resource indicator;

[0309] - an indication of an antenna panel for reception at the first WTRU;

[0310] - Layer 1 L1 reference signal received power measured from the sync signal block or the channel state information-resource signal resource indicator;

[0311] - Layer 1 L1 signal to interference plus noise ratio measured from the sync signal block or channel state information-resource signal resource indicator;

[0312] - rank indicator;

[0313] - Channel quality indicator;

[0314] -precoding matrix indicator;

[0315] - Layer index.

[0316] Further disclosed is a first wireless transmission receiving unit WTRU, which is subject to radio signal interference caused by a second WTRU in wireless communication between the first WTRU and a gNB. The first WTRU includes at least one processor configured to receive information about measurement configuration and reporting configuration from the gNB, the measurement configuration and reporting configuration for at least one channel quality reference signal; determine channel quality according to the WTRU panel / beam index and according to at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU according to the received measurement configuration; and report channel state information to the gNB based on the determined channel quality according to the received reporting configuration.

[0317] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, in determining the channel quality according to the WTRU panel / beam index and according to at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU, at least one processor is further configured to: determine a pair of WTRU panel / beam indices and channel quality reference signals received from the second WTRU that cause the highest interference in the wireless communication between the first WTRU and the gNB; and report channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0318] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, in determining the channel quality according to the WTRU panel / beam index and according to at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU, at least one processor is further configured to: determine a pair of WTRU panel / beam indices and channel quality reference signals received from the second WTRU having a lowest sounding reference signal-reference signal received power; and report channel state information for the determined pair to the gNB.

[0319] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, at least one channel quality reference signal received from the second WTRU is based on a sounding reference signal-resource indicator.

[0320] According to a first WTRU embodiment, the WTRU panel / beam index is based on a channel state information-resource signal resource indicator.

[0321] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, the measurement configuration is sounding reference signal - reference signal received power.

[0322] According to an embodiment of the first WTRU, the channel state information corresponds to at least one of:

[0323] - Channel state information-reference signal resource indicator;

[0324] - Synchronization signal block resource indicator;

[0325] - an indication of an antenna panel for reception at the first WTRU;

[0326] - Layer 1 L1 reference signal received power measured from the sync signal block or the channel state information-resource signal resource indicator;

[0327] - Layer 1 L1 signal to interference plus noise ratio measured from the sync signal block or channel state information-resource signal resource indicator;

[0328] - rank indicator;

[0329] - Channel quality indicator;

[0330] -precoding matrix indicator;

[0331] - Layer index.

[0332] Fig.13 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment.

[0333] The method is implemented by a first wireless transmission receiving unit WTRU. Wireless communication between the first WTRU and a network node is subject to cross-link interference CLI. In 1301, the method includes receiving information indicating a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration from the network node, the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration for a plurality of sounding reference signals SRS to be received by the first WTRU.

[0334] At 1302, the method includes measuring, for at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU, a CLI according to a WTRU beam index according to the received measurement configuration.

[0335] At 1303, the method includes determining a pair of indices based on the measurement. The pair of WTRU indices includes a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index of the at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU.

[0336] In 1304, the method includes reporting to the network node. The report includes the determined pair of indexes corresponding to at least one of the measured strongest CLI or weakest CLI.

[0337] According to an embodiment of the method, the CLI is associated with a second WTRU and at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs is received from the second WTRU.

[0338] According to an embodiment of the method, a WTRU beam index identifies a combination of an antenna panel associated with a first WTRU and a beam index of a beam associated with the antenna panel.

[0339] According to an embodiment of the method, a WTRU beam index is associated with a WTRU antenna panel as indicated in the received measurement configuration.

[0340] According to an embodiment of the method, the SRS resource index is based on a Sounding Reference Signal - Resource Indicator SRI.

[0341] According to an embodiment of the method, the determined pair of indexes is indicated by a channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS resource indicator.

[0342] According to an embodiment of the method, the measurement comprises a measurement of a Sounding Reference Signal - Reference Signal Received Power SRS-RSRP.

[0343] The present disclosure also relates to a first wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) comprising at least one processor configured to receive information indicating a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration from a network node for a plurality of sounding reference signals (SRS) to be received by the first WTRU.

[0344] The at least one processor is configured to measure, for at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU, a CLI per WTRU beam index according to the received measurement configuration.

[0345] The at least one processor is configured to determine a pair of indices based on the measurements, the pair of indices comprising a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index for the at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU.

[0346] The at least one processor is configured to report to the network node the report including the determined pair of indexes corresponding to at least one of the measured strongest CLI or weakest CLI.

[0347] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to associate a CLI with a second WTRU; and receive at least a subset of a plurality of SRSs from the second WTRU.

[0348] According to an embodiment, at least one processor is configured to identify a WTRU beam index by a combination of an antenna panel associated with a first WTRU and a beam index of a beam related to the antenna panel.

[0349] According to an embodiment, the WTRU beam index is associated with the WTRU antenna panel, as indicated in the received measurement configuration.

[0350] According to an embodiment, the SRS resource index is based on a sounding reference signal-resource indicator SRI.

[0351] According to an embodiment, the determined pair of indexes is indicated by a channel state information-reference signal CSI-RS resource indicator.

[0352] According to an embodiment, the measurement comprises a measurement of a Sounding Reference Signal - Reference Signal Received Power SRS-RSRP.

[0353] in conclusion

[0354] Although features and elements are provided above in specific combinations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each feature or element can be used alone or in combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments described in this application, which are intended to illustrate various aspects. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, many modifications and changes may be made, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any element, action or instruction used in the description of this application should not be interpreted as being critical or necessary to the present invention unless explicitly provided as such. According to the foregoing description, in addition to the methods and devices listed here, functionally equivalent methods and devices within the scope of the present disclosure are apparent to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only by the terms of the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents to which these claims are assigned. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a specific method or system.

[0355] For simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are discussed with respect to terminology and structure of devices having infrared capabilities (i.e., infrared transmitters and receivers). However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems, but can be applied to other systems using other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves (such as sound waves).

[0356] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" may refer to any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed on a time basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote" and / or the term "head-mounted display" and its abbreviation "HMD" may represent or include (i) a wireless transmission and / or reception unit (WTRU); (ii) any one of a plurality of embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a device having wireless capabilities and / or wired capabilities (e.g., tetherable), which is particularly configured with some or all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU; (iii) a device having wireless capabilities and / or wired capabilities configured with less than all of the structure and functionality of a WTRU; or (iv) the like. References herein Figures 1A-1D Details of an example WTRU are provided that may represent any WTRU described herein. As another example, various embodiments disclosed above and below are described as utilizing a head mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that devices other than head mounted displays may be utilized and that some or all of the present disclosure and various disclosed embodiments may be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices may include drones or other devices configured to stream information to provide an adapted reality experience.

[0357] In addition, the methods provided herein can be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware, which is contained in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with the software can be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0358] Variations of the methods, devices, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. In view of the various embodiments that may be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be considered to limit the scope of the appended claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices that may include or be used with any suitable voltage source that provides any suitable voltage, such as a battery, etc.

[0359] In addition, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers and other devices including processors are mentioned. These devices may include at least one central processing unit ("CPU") and memory. According to the practice of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to symbolic representations of actions and operations or instructions may be performed by various CPUs and memories. Such actions and operations or instructions may be referred to as being "executed", "computer executed" or "CPU executed".

[0360] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the actions and symbolic representations of operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. The electrical system represents data bits that may result in the ultimate conversion or reduction of electrical signals and maintain the data bits in memory locations in the memory system, thereby reconfiguring or otherwise changing the operation of the CPU and other processing of signals. The memory locations where the data bits are maintained are physical locations with specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties that correspond to or represent the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned platforms or CPUs, and other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0361] The data bits may also be maintained on computer-readable media, including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)) mass storage systems readable by the CPU. The computer-readable media may include cooperating or interconnected computer-readable media that reside exclusively on a processing system or distributed across multiple interconnected processing systems, which may be local or remote to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memories, and other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0362] In an illustrative embodiment, any operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0363] There is little distinction between hardware and software implementations of various aspects of the system. The use of hardware or software is typically (but not always, as in some cases the choice between hardware and software may become important) a design choice that represents a cost-efficiency tradeoff. There may be various means to implement the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred means may vary with the environment in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are most important, the implementer may choose a tool that is primarily hardware and / or firmware. If flexibility is most important, the implementer may choose a primarily software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may choose some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0364] The foregoing detailed description has been described various embodiments of the device and / or process by using block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples. To the extent that such block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation in such block diagrams, flow charts or examples can be implemented individually and / or together by various hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof in fact. In an embodiment, several parts of the subject matter described herein can be implemented by application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs) and / or other integrated formats. However, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in whole or in part equivalently in an integrated circuit, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as a combination thereof in fact, and according to the present disclosure, designing circuits and / or writing codes for software and / or firmware will be completely within the skill of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the illustrative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually perform the distribution. Examples of signal bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable type media, such as floppy disks, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memory, etc., and transmission type media, such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.).

[0365] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe devices and / or processes in the manner set forth herein and then use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into data processing systems through a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system can typically include one or more of the following: a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, a processor such as a microprocessor and a digital signal processor, a computing entity such as an operating system, a driver, a graphical user interface, and an application program, one or more interactive devices such as a touch pad or screen, and / or a control system including a feedback loop and a control motor (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, a control motor for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system can be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, such as those components typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0366] The subject matter described here sometimes shows different components included in or connected to different other components.It should be understood that the architecture described in this way is only an example, and in fact many other architectures that realize the same function can be implemented.In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components that realize the same function is effectively "associated" so that the desired function can be realized.Therefore, any two components that are combined to realize a specific function here can be regarded as "associated" with each other so that the desired function is realized, without considering the architecture or intermediate components.Similarly, any two components so associated can also be regarded as "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other to realize the desired function, and any two components that can be so associated can also be regarded as "operably coupled" to each other to realize the desired function.Specific examples of operable coupling include but are not limited to physically compatible and / or physically interactive components and / or wirelessly interactive and / or wirelessly interactive components and / or logically interactive and / or logically interactive components.

[0367] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those skilled in the art may translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as appropriate, depending on the context and / or application. For clarity, various singular / plural arrangements may be expressly set forth herein.

[0368] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in general, the terms used herein, especially in the appended claims (e.g., the bodies of the appended claims), are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least", the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that if a specific number of a claim recitation is intended to be introduced, such intent will be expressly recited in the claim, and if no such recitation is made, such intent does not exist. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. To aid understanding, the claims appended below and / or the description herein may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be interpreted as implying that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" will limit any particular claim including such introduced claim recitation to including only one embodiment of such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. Furthermore, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, one skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted as meaning at least the recited number (e.g., the simple recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). In addition, in those cases similar to the convention of "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", in general, such construction is intended to make the convention understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those cases similar to the convention of "at least one of A, B, or C, etc.", in general, such construction is intended to make the convention understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" will include but is not limited to systems having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). Those skilled in the art will further understand that any disjunctive words and / or phrases that actually represent two or more optional terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including one of the terms, either term, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B."Furthermore, as used herein, the term "any" followed by a listing of multiple items and / or multiple categories of items is intended to include "any one," "any combination," "any plurality," and / or "any combination of a plurality" of the items and / or categories of items, either alone or in combination with other items and / or other categories of items. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Furthermore, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. And the term "plurality" as used herein is intended to be synonymous with "multiple."

[0369] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0370] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also include any and all possible sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily considered to fully describe and be able to divide the same range into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed here can be easily decomposed into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that all languages, such as "up to", "at least", "greater than", "less than", etc., include the recorded numbers and refer to the ranges that can be subsequently decomposed into sub-ranges as described above. Finally, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the range includes each individual member. Therefore, for example, a group with 1-3 cells refers to a group with 1, 2 or 3 cells. Similarly, a group with 1-5 cells refers to a group with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 cells, etc.

[0371] Furthermore, the claims should not be read as limited to the order or elements provided unless so stated. Furthermore, use of the term "means for..." in any claim is intended to refer to 35 USC § 112, or means-plus-function claim format, and any claim without the term “means for” has no such intention.

Claims

1. A method implemented by a first wireless transmit receive unit WTRU, wherein wireless communication between the first WTRU and a network node is subject to cross-link interference CLI, the method comprising: receiving information indicating a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration from a network node, the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration for a plurality of sounding reference signals (SRS) to be received by a first WTRU; for at least a subset of a plurality of SRSs received by a first WTRU, measuring a CLI according to a WTRU beam index according to the received measurement configuration; determining a pair of indices based on the measurements, the pair of indices comprising a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index for at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU; and A report is made to the network node, the report comprising the determined pair of indices corresponding to at least one of the strongest CLI or the weakest CLI measured.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CLI is associated with a second WTRU and at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs is received from the second WTRU.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the WTRU beam index identifies a combination of an antenna panel associated with the first WTRU and a beam index of a beam associated with the antenna panel.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the WTRU beam index is associated with a WTRU antenna panel as indicated in the received measurement configuration.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the SRS resource index is based on a sounding reference signal-resource indicator (SRI). 6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the determined pair of indexes is indicated by a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the measurement comprises measurement of a Sounding Reference Signal - Reference Signal Received Power (SRS-RSRP).

8. A first wireless transmit receive unit WTRU, which suffers cross-link interference in wireless communication between the first WTRU and a network node, the first WTRU comprising at least one processor, the at least one processor configured to: receiving information indicating a measurement configuration and a reporting configuration from a network node, the measurement configuration and the reporting configuration for a plurality of sounding reference signals (SRS) to be received by a first WTRU; for at least a subset of a plurality of SRSs received by a first WTRU, measuring a CLI according to a WTRU beam index according to the received measurement configuration; determining a pair of indices based on the measurements, the pair of indices comprising a WTRU beam index and an SRS resource index for at least a subset of the plurality of SRSs received by the first WTRU; and A report is made to the network node, the report comprising the determined pair of indices corresponding to at least one of the strongest CLI or the weakest CLI measured.

9. The first WTRU of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: associating the CLI with the second WTRU; and At least a subset of the plurality of SRS is received from a second WTRU.

10. The first WTRU of claim 8 or 9, wherein at least one processor is configured to identify a WTRU beam index by a combination of an antenna panel associated with the first WTRU and a beam index of a beam associated with the antenna panel.

11. The first WTRU of claim 10, wherein a WTRU beam index is associated with a WTRU antenna panel as indicated in the received measurement configuration.

12. The first WTRU of any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the SRS resource index is based on a sounding reference signal-resource indicator (SRI).

13. The first WTRU of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the determined pair of indexes is indicated by a channel state information - reference signal CSI-RS resource indicator.

14. The first WTRU of any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the measurement comprises a measurement of a Sounding Reference Signal - Reference Signal Received Power (SRS-RSRP).

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