A medical ceramic high-frequency electrosurgical unit

Abstract

The application provides a medical ceramic high-frequency electric knife, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a medical high-frequency conductive ceramic, which realizes controllable alternating current impedance and intrinsic hydrophobic characteristics by adding a conductive phase in a ceramic base phase, can realize good high-frequency cutting and coagulation effects, reduces thermal damage, and reduces tissue adhesion in cutting. By using distributed pressure and adding mixed organic acid in the sintering process, the mechanical properties after sintering are improved, and the processability of the ceramic is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical devices, specifically relating to a medical ceramic high-frequency electrosurgical unit. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of medical surgery, traditional stainless steel high-frequency electrosurgical units have become indispensable tools due to their widespread application. However, these traditional electrosurgical units have some significant problems in practical use. First, due to their material properties, the electrosurgical unit is prone to adhesion during use, which not only affects surgical efficiency but may also cause unnecessary damage to the patient's tissues. Second, the high-temperature operation poses a high risk of thermal damage, which may damage surrounding healthy tissues and increase the risk of postoperative complications.

[0003] To address these issues, researchers have proposed various solutions, including lowering the operating temperature, incorporating ultrasonic assistance devices, and developing anti-adhesion coatings. While these methods alleviate the problems to some extent, each has its limitations. Lowering the temperature may affect the efficiency of the electrosurgical unit, incorporating ultrasonic assistance devices increases the difficulty of actual operation, and anti-adhesion coatings may degrade in performance at high temperatures and have limited durability.

[0004] Chinese patent “A method for preparing controllable resistivity conductive ceramics” (application number: 202411139412.3, publication number: CN202410916051.2) discloses a method for preparing alumina-titanium nitride ceramics, which prepares conductive ceramics through low-temperature plasma ball milling, gel molding and high-temperature sintering processes. However, the preparation process of this method is complicated and not suitable for large-scale production.

[0005] Chinese patent “A Method for Conducting Zirconia Ceramic Surface” (application number: 202110183207.7, publication number: CN 112979346 A) provides a method for preparing zirconia-based conductive ceramics. The method includes dry pressing zirconia powder into shape, coating it with a conductive slurry and drying it, and finally sintering it to produce conductive ceramics. However, it has the problem of insufficient adhesion.

[0006] In view of this, this patent proposes a medical ceramic high-frequency electrosurgical unit. This electrosurgical unit is made of a composite ceramic material, utilizing the hydrophobicity of ceramic materials to effectively reduce adhesion during surgery. Furthermore, the controllable conductivity of the composite ceramic material allows the electrosurgical unit to operate at lower temperatures, thereby reducing the risk of thermal damage. This novel electrosurgical unit design not only improves the safety and efficiency of surgery but also provides better protection for the patient's postoperative recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention discloses a composite conductive ceramic suitable for high-frequency electrosurgical units. The following improvements are made to address the shortcomings of existing electrosurgical units, such as high thermal damage and easy adhesion:

[0008] By adding conductive phases such as alumina, zirconium oxide, and silicon nitride to ceramic matrix phases with high mechanical properties, the AC impedance can be controlled, and thermal damage can be reduced.

[0009] By adding conductive components with intrinsic hydrophobic properties, such as titanium nitride, titanium carbide, and titanium dioxide, good hydrophobicity can be achieved without surface treatment, thus providing anti-adhesion properties.

[0010] The conductivity of composite conductive ceramics can be adjusted by changing the proportion of one or more conductive phases, such as titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium dioxide, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes.

[0011] By adding toughening phases such as zirconium oxide, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and titanium carbonitride, the mechanical properties of ceramic materials can be regulated, and the grinding and sharpening performance of ceramics can be improved. This is beneficial for preparing various high-frequency electrosurgical knives of different shapes, such as ordinary surgical blade type, spear type, needle type, and crescent type.

[0012] Adding a small amount of mixed organic acid and using a multi-step pressurization method during sintering can achieve better particle rearrangement in the low-temperature heating stage and better densification in the high-temperature sintering stage, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material.

[0013] Sintering aids can be one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and rare earth oxides.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] This invention reduces electrical conductivity and thermal damage by adjusting the proportion of the conductive phase in the composite conductive ceramic, compared to traditional metal electrosurgical cutters. By controlling the composition of the conductive phase, it achieves in-situ hydrophobic properties and reduces adhesion during the cutting process.

[0016] Compared to traditional metal electrosurgical units, medical ceramic high-frequency electrosurgical units with low adhesion and low thermal damage offer better cutting quality, resulting in neat muscle fiber breakage and promoting wound scar recovery.

[0017] The addition of mixed organic acids and multi-step pressurization during ceramic sintering, along with different pressure sintering at low and high temperatures, helps to densify the ceramic.

[0018] The mixed organic acid uses a mixture of formic acid, acetic acid, and citric acid, which is low in cost and produces stable sintering quality. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1The results of staining pathological sections of muscle tissue cut with a stainless steel electrosurgical unit in Comparative Example 5 are shown.

[0020] Figure 2 The results of staining pathological sections of muscle tissue cut with a ceramic electrosurgical unit in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the various aspects of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. These specific embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and do not limit the scope of protection or the substance of the invention. Example 1

[0022] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0023] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 58:40:6:6, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 15min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 20h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0024] S2. The dried powder is loaded into a mold, and 0.3 wt% of the mass of the dried powder mixed organic acid is added. The mixture is then hot-pressed and sintered under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0025] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0026] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting.

[0027] Effect verification:

[0028] The prepared ceramic electrosurgical material was tested for bending strength, contact angle, and AC impedance to evaluate its various physical properties. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0029] The model used in the electrocautery experiment was a New Zealand white rabbit. The cutting of muscle tissue was observed by examining postoperative pathological sections. The cutting results in Example 1 are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the cutting effect is rated from 1 to 5, with this being the best result, rated 5; the cutting effect of ratio 5 is the worst, as shown below. Figure 1As shown, the score is 1 point. The adhesion of the electrosurgical unit is judged by measuring the amount of tissue that adheres after cutting, with a weight increase of 0.48%.

[0030] The testing process for the electrosurgical material effect will not be described in detail below; the specific results are shown in Table 1. Example 2

[0031] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0032] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 58:30:4:8, add n-hexane, ultrasonically stir for 20min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0033] S2. The dried powder is loaded into a mold, and 0.5 wt% of mixed organic acid is added. The mixture is then hot-pressed and sintered under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0034] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0035] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 3

[0036] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0037] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 58:30:2:10, add n-hexane, ultrasonically stir for 20min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0038] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0039] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0040] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 4

[0041] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0042] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 48:40:2:10, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 20min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0043] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0044] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0045] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 5

[0046] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0047] S1. Alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm are mixed in a mass ratio of 58:30:2:10. Anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is ultrasonically stirred for 20 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a ball mill jar and ball milled for 24 hours. After the ball milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dried powder.

[0048] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0049] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0050] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 6

[0051] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0052] S1. Alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm are mixed in a mass ratio of 68:20:2:10. Anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is ultrasonically stirred for 20 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a ball mill jar and ball milled for 24 hours. After the ball-milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dried powder.

[0053] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0054] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 30MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0055] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 7

[0056] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0057] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 48:40:2:10, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 15min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After the ball milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dried powder.

[0058] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0059] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 30MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0060] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 8

[0061] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0062] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 48:40:2:10, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 20min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0063] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0064] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 30MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 4h.

[0065] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 9

[0066] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0067] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 48:40:2:10, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 20min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0068] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0069] S3. The pressure applied at room temperature to 600℃ is 10MPa, and the pressure applied at 600℃ to 1700℃ is 30MPa. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 6h.

[0070] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 10

[0071] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0072] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 48:40:2:10, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 5min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0073] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0074] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 30MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 8h.

[0075] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 11

[0076] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0077] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 38:50:2:10, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 20min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 24h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0078] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0079] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 30MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0080] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 12

[0081] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0082] S1. Alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, carbon fiber short fiber, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and 50nm zirconium oxide ceramic powder are mixed in a mass ratio of 38:30:20:2:10. Anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is ultrasonically stirred for 20 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a ball mill jar and ball milled for 24 hours. After the ball milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain the dried powder.

[0083] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0084] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 20MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0085] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 13

[0086] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0087] S1. Alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, graphene, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm are mixed in a mass ratio of 38:30:20:2:10. Anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is ultrasonically stirred for 20 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a ball mill jar and ball milled for 24 hours. After the ball milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dried powder.

[0088] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0089] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 30MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0090] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Example 14

[0091] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0092] S1. Silicon nitride ceramic powder, titanium nitride ceramic powder, carbon nanotubes, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and titanium carbonitride powder with a particle size of 500nm are mixed in a mass ratio of 18:40:30:2:10. Anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is ultrasonically stirred for 20 minutes. The mixture is then placed in a ball mill jar and ball-milled for 24 hours. After the ball-milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain the dried powder.

[0093] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0094] S3. The pressure applied is 10MPa for room temperature to 600℃, and 30MPa for 600℃ to 1700℃. The heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0095] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Comparative Example 1

[0096] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0097] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm at a mass ratio of 58:30:12:0, add anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically stir for 15min, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 20h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0098] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0099] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0100] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Comparative Example 2

[0101] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0102] S1. Alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm are mixed in a mass ratio of 58:30:6:6. Anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is placed in a ball mill jar without ultrasonic stirring. The mixture is ball milled for 20 hours. After the ball milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dried powder.

[0103] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0104] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0105] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Comparative Example 3

[0106] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0107] S1. Mix alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm in a mass ratio of 58:30:4:8, add n-hexane, without ultrasonic stirring, load into a ball mill jar, and ball mill for 20h. After ball milling, dry the ceramic powder and sieve it through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dry powder.

[0108] S2. The dried powder is loaded into a mold and hot-pressed and sintered under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0109] S3. At room temperature to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa, the heating rate is 10℃ / min, and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0110] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Comparative Example 4

[0111] This invention provides an anti-adhesion medical high-frequency ceramic electrosurgical unit, the specific preparation process of which includes:

[0112] S1. Alumina ceramic powder with a particle size of 500nm, titanium nitride ceramic powder, magnesium oxide ceramic powder, and zirconia ceramic powder with a particle size of 50nm are mixed in a mass ratio of 78:10:2:10. Anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is placed in a ball mill jar without ultrasonic stirring. The mixture is ball milled for 20 hours. After the ball milled ceramic powder is dried, it is sieved through a 400-mesh sieve to obtain dried powder.

[0113] S2. Load the dried powder into a mold, add 1 wt% of the mixed organic acid by weight of the dried powder, and perform hot pressing sintering under nitrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa.

[0114] S3. At room temperature to 150℃, the applied pressure is 80MPa; at 150℃ to 600℃, the applied pressure is 10MPa; at 600℃ to 1700℃, the applied pressure is 30MPa; the heating rate is 10℃ / min; and the holding time at the highest temperature is 2h.

[0115] S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electric knife, the ceramic electric knife is loaded onto the high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting. Comparative Example 5

[0116] Contact angle measurement, electric cutting experiment and adhesion amount measurement were carried out using a 316 stainless steel electric knife.

[0117] Observing the performance test results of each embodiment reveals that, due to the irregular morphology of titanium nitride particles, ceramic powder that has not been ultrasonically stirred before ball milling is not easily mixed evenly. As shown in Comparative Example 2, its mechanical properties are significantly reduced after sintering, which is detrimental to subsequent grinding processes. Comparing Examples 1-4 with Comparative Example 1, the reduction in zirconium oxide significantly reduces bending strength, affecting subsequent processing and use, and is unfavorable for preparing high-frequency electrosurgical units of various shapes. Comparing Example 6 with Comparative Example 4, it can be found that when the conductive phase content is below 20wt%, its AC impedance is too high, making it unsuitable for use as a high-frequency electrosurgical unit. Comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 3, it can be found that stepwise pressure sintering can obtain higher-performance ceramics and is beneficial for sintering densification. Comparative Example 5 shows that the water contact angle results of the traditional stainless steel electrosurgical unit indicate that the electrosurgical unit is hydrophilic, resulting in a large amount of tissue adhesion after cutting. Furthermore, pathological examination of the incision section reveals severe thermal damage, which is detrimental to wound healing and scar recovery. Compared to the ceramic electrosurgical unit of Example 1, the incision is neater and the adhesion is lower, indicating that the medical ceramic high-frequency electrosurgical unit provided by this invention has lower thermal damage and lower adhesion. Simultaneously, the addition of a small amount of mixed organic acid facilitates better particle rearrangement under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions, contributing to the densification of the ceramic sintering. Test results from Examples 1-13 show that the mass percentage of the conductive phase should be above 20 wt% to achieve good high-frequency current conduction. The composite ceramic uses a certain amount of toughening phase, with a toughening phase content of 2 wt% to 10 wt%.

[0118] Table 1

[0119] Example flexural strength Contact angle Cutting performance AC impedance Adhesion amount 1 412MPa 100.101° 5 4.9*10^-3Ω·cm 0.48% 2 421MPa 98.762° 4 4.4*10^-3Ω·cm 0.51% 3 431MPa 100.786° 5 5.1*10^-3Ω·cm 0.49% 4 466MPa 103.626° 5 7.97*10^-4Ω·cm 0.43% 5 412MPa 98.379° 4 5.3*10^-3Ω·cm 0.52% 6 348MPa 95.932° 4 6.35*10^-3Ω·cm 0.75% 7 434MPa 102.968° 4 8.22*10^-4Ω·cm 0.46% 8 422MPa 102.971° 5 8.04*10^-4Ω·cm 0.45% 9 430MPa 102.949° 5 9.62*10^-4Ω·cm 0.45% 10 426MPa 102.212° 5 8.64*10^-4Ω·cm 0.46% 11 358MPa 106.186° 5 4.6*10^-4Ω·cm 0.40% 12 564MPa 98.252° 4 9.26*10^-3Ω·cm 0.55% 13 480MPa 98.252° 4 8.99*10^-3Ω·cm 0.56% 14 669MPa 98.252° 4 5.51*10^-4Ω·cm 0.51% Comparative Example 1 299MPa 100.442° —— 6.6*10^-3Ω·cm —— Comparative Example 2 313MPa 99.021° 2 5.64*10^-3Ω·cm 0.54% Comparative Example 3 255MPa 99.674° —— 4.906*10^-3Ω·cm —— Comparative Example 4 325MPa 93.239° —— 6.837*10^12Ω·cm —— Comparative Example 5 —— 84.500° 1 —— 0.80%

Claims

1. A medical ceramic high-frequency electrotome, characterized in that: S1. A ceramic base phase, a conductive phase, a sintering aid, and a toughening phase are mixed in a certain mass ratio, the mass ratio of the conductive phase is 20wt%-70wt%, anhydrous ethanol is added, ultrasonic stirring and dispersion are first performed, then the mixture is loaded into a ball mill tank for ball milling, the ceramic powder after ball milling is dried and sieved with a screen, to obtain dry powder, wherein the ceramic base phase is one or more of alumina and silicon nitride, the sintering aid is one or more of magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, and rare earth oxide, the conductive phase is one or more of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium dioxide, graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotube, the toughening phase is one or more of zirconium oxide, carbon fiber, and titanium carbonitride, the mass ratio of the toughening phase is 2wt%-10wt%, and the mixed organic acid is a mixture of formic acid, acetic acid, and citric acid; S2. The dry powder is loaded into a mold, 0.3wt% of the mixed organic acid based on the mass of the powder is added, and hot-press sintering is performed under nitrogen pressure; S3. During the heating process, different hydraulic pressures are set at room temperature-150℃, 150℃-600℃, and 600℃-1700℃, wherein the hydraulic pressure is 10-80MPa at room temperature-150℃, 10MPa at 150℃-600℃, and 20-30MPa at 600℃-1700℃, and the temperature is kept at the highest temperature for a certain period of time; S4. The sintered ceramic is processed into the shape of a high-frequency electrotome, the ceramic electrotome is loaded onto a high-frequency generator, and the output power is adjusted for electric cutting.

2. The medical ceramic high-frequency electric knife according to claim 1, characterized in that The ultrasonic stirring time is 5-20min.

3. The preparation method of the medical ceramic high-frequency electrotome according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature is kept at the highest temperature for 2-8h.

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