A concentrator remote upgrade method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a concentrator remote upgrading method and system, the method comprises the following steps: generating and storing the differential firmware to the distributed file storage module; the upgrading task is broadcasted to each concentrator node by the block chain network; the concentrator acquires task data and downloads the differential firmware; the downloaded differential firmware is verified; the new firmware is generated and installed according to the current firmware and the differential firmware. The application introduces the block chain technology to provide tamper-proof record and secure authentication mechanism for firmware upgrading, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the firmware. At the same time, the smart contract and distributed file storage technology can effectively reduce the bandwidth and time required for firmware upgrading, improve the efficiency and reliability of upgrading. In addition, the application of dynamic bandwidth scheduling algorithm can reasonably allocate network resources when multiple concentrators upgrade at the same time, avoid network congestion and ensure that each concentrator can successfully complete firmware upgrading.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of electric power information collection equipment, and particularly relates to a concentrator remote upgrading method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Under the background of the transformation of the electric power industry, especially in the process of moving towards green energy and digitalization, intelligent meter reading and electric energy management systems have become an indispensable part. This change not only aims to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs, but more importantly, it promotes sustainable development, supports clean energy access to the grid, and improves user experience.

[0003] In the intelligent meter reading system, efficient communication between the concentrator and the collector is an important link to realize data collection, transmission and processing. As an important node connecting various intelligent devices, the improvement of the function and performance of the concentrator is particularly important. The firmware upgrade of the concentrator is a key link to improve its performance, fix security vulnerabilities and add new functions. However, the traditional firmware upgrade method often has the following problems:

[0004] Low upgrade efficiency: Traditional firmware upgrade usually requires transferring the entire firmware file to each concentrator, especially in a large-scale device environment, which will cause waste of network bandwidth and prolong the upgrade time.

[0005] Inadequate security: During the firmware upgrade process, there is a risk of malicious software tampering with the firmware, and the traditional verification mechanism often cannot effectively ensure the source and integrity of the firmware, resulting in security risks for the device.

[0006] Network resources are not balanced: When multiple concentrators perform firmware upgrades at the same time, the allocation of network bandwidth is often not balanced, which may cause some concentrators to be unable to complete the upgrade in time due to insufficient bandwidth, affecting the overall upgrade progress.

[0007] Lack of intelligent management: The traditional upgrade method lacks a dynamic adjustment mechanism and cannot optimize the upgrade process in real time according to the network state and device performance, resulting in low upgrade efficiency. SUMMARY

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a concentrator remote upgrading method and system.

[0009] The technical scheme provided by the present application is as follows:

[0010] A concentrator remote upgrading method, comprising the steps of:

[0011] S1, generating a differential firmware based on the current firmware and the new firmware, and storing it in a distributed file storage module;

[0012] S2, generating verification information of the differential firmware based on digital signature technology;

[0013] S3. Create an upgrade task, which is then broadcast to each concentrator node by the blockchain network.

[0014] S4. The concentrator acquires task data and downloads differential firmware from the distributed file storage module;

[0015] S5. After the download is complete, the concentrator verifies the downloaded differential firmware based on the verification information;

[0016] S6. After successful verification, the concentrator generates and installs new firmware based on the current firmware and differential firmware.

[0017] Further, in step S1, the firmware currently running in the concentrator is calculated. F old With the new firmware F new The binary differences are used to generate differential firmware files using a differential generation algorithm. ΔF : ΔF = F new -F old .

[0018] Further, in step S2, the differential firmware is calculated. ΔF hash value H ΔF and use the private key to H ΔF Perform digital signature, obtain digital signature σ ΔF .

[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, the task metadata is written into the smart contract of the blockchain, and the task metadata includes differential firmware. ΔF hash value H ΔF Digital signature σ ΔF The file identifier (CID), the new firmware version number, and the deadline for the upgrade task are specified. The file identifier (CID) is used to locate the storage path of the differential firmware in the distributed file storage module.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the main station server determines the total available bandwidth... B total Number of concentrators N And based on the transmission delay of each concentrator, allocate initial bandwidth to each concentrator:

[0021] ,

[0022] in, Li denotes the transmission delay of the i th concentrator, B i denotes the initial bandwidth of the i th concentrator; when some concentrators complete the download, the bandwidth is re-assigned to the concentrators that have not completed the download:

[0023] ,

[0024] wherein, n denotes the number of concentrators that have completed the download, denotes the new bandwidth of the i th concentrator.

[0025] Further, in step S4, when downloading the differential firmware, the differential firmware i is divided into a plurality of data blocks, and the size of each data block is ΔF b adjusted dynamically according to the current bandwidth s of the concentrator i : B

[0026] ,

[0027] wherein, S ΔF denotes the size of the differential firmware ΔF , t chunk denotes the maximum allowed transmission time, M denotes the number of data blocks; if the current bandwidth B is high, the block size s b is large to make full use of its bandwidth; if the bandwidth B is low, the block size s b is small to ensure that the transmission can be completed within t chunk to avoid network congestion or timeout; if the transmission is interrupted, the concentrator records the completed block number and the current block position, and the next time the transmission is resumed, the block size is recalculated and the download is continued from the unfinished block.

[0028] Further, in step S5, the concentrator calculates the hash value of the downloaded differential firmware file , decrypts the digital signature σ ΔF using the public key to obtain the hash value contained in the digital signature ; compares the calculated hash value with the decrypted hash value​ If , the verification is passed, indicating that the source of the differential firmware is trusted and has not been tampered with; if , the verification fails, indicating that the differential firmware may be tampered with or the source is untrusted.

[0029] Further, in step S6, the concentrator generates a complete new firmware ΔF from the downloaded differential file F and the current firmware old . F new : F new = F old + ΔF , writes F new to the backup firmware storage area of the concentrator, ensuring that the current firmware is not overwritten; switches the concentrator to the new firmware and restarts, and runs a self-checking program to verify the function of the new firmware, and if it fails, automatically rolls back to the old firmware.

[0030] Further, in step S6, the concentrator feeds back the upgrade status to the smart contract through the blockchain, including the upgrade success / failure status and the current firmware version number. The main station server obtains the upgrade completion status of each concentrator by reading the blockchain status.

[0031] A concentrator remote upgrade system based on the above method, comprising a concentrator, a main station server, a distributed file storage module and a blockchain network;

[0032] The main station server is responsible for generating differential firmware, uploading the generated differential firmware to the distributed file storage module, and also used for hash calculation and digital signature of the differential firmware, generating a security credential; the main station server writes the upgrade task into the blockchain network through the smart contract interface, and dynamically allocates bandwidth for each concentrator;

[0033] The concentrator is built-in with a blockchain network API or a lightweight blockchain node, which is used to access the blockchain network to regularly check whether there is an upgrade task, obtain task data, and upload the upgrade status to the blockchain for monitoring by the main station server; the concentrator is also integrated with a distributed file storage interface, which is used to download the differential firmware from the distributed file storage module according to the file identifier in the task data;

[0034] The distributed file storage module is a storage and distribution module of the differential firmware, supporting block download and breakpoint resume; the blockchain network is responsible for storing and broadcasting task information, and recording the upgrade status.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] In the present application, the introduction of blockchain technology provides an unalterable record and a secure authentication mechanism for firmware upgrade, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of the firmware. At the same time, the use of smart contracts and distributed file storage technology can effectively reduce the bandwidth and time required for firmware upgrade, improving the efficiency and reliability of the upgrade. In addition, the application of dynamic bandwidth scheduling algorithm enables reasonable allocation of network resources when multiple concentrators are upgraded simultaneously, avoiding network congestion and ensuring smooth completion of firmware upgrade for each concentrator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, which together with the embodiments of the present application, serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute a limitation of the present application.

[0038] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a concentrator remote upgrade method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the module composition of a concentrator remote upgrade system provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] Embodiment One

[0042] The present embodiment provides a concentrator remote upgrade method based on blockchain technology, which introduces smart contracts, distributed file storage (such as IPFS), hierarchical verification mechanism, dynamic bandwidth scheduling algorithm and differential firmware generation algorithm, and constructs an efficient concentrator remote upgrade scheme. The scheme optimizes the upgrade process through mathematical models, while improving security and reliability.

[0043] As shown in Figure 1 , the method of the present embodiment mainly includes the following steps:

[0044] 1. Firmware generation and task creation

[0045] 1.1 Firmware generation

[0046] New firmware development: New version of firmware is developed by the technical team, functional tests are completed to ensure its stability and compatibility, and the new firmware is stored in the master server. Assume the new firmware file is F new , with size S F .

[0047] Difference firmware generation: The master server calculates the binary difference between the old firmware F old currently running on the concentrator and F new , and generates a difference firmware file using a difference generation algorithm: ΔF = F new -F old , where the difference firmware ΔF size S ΔF satisfies S ΔF ≪ S F , and the difference firmware file ΔF is used to represent the difference data between the new and old firmware.

[0048] 1.2 Firmware Hash and Signature

[0049] Calculate the hash value of the difference firmware H ΔF : H ΔF =SHA-256(ΔF), where the hash value H ΔF is used to uniquely identify the difference firmware and for subsequent file consistency verification; SHA-256 represents the Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit, which is used to map inputs of arbitrary size to fixed-length 256-bit hash values.

[0050] Digitally sign H ΔF using the private key of the development team: σ ΔF = Sign( H ΔF , Private Key), where σ ΔF is the digital signature of the difference firmware file, and Sign represents the digital signature algorithm (such as RSA or ECDSA) used to sign the hash value H ΔF according to the private key Private Key held by the development team.

[0051] 1.3 Distributed storage

[0052] Differential firmware ΔF is uploaded to a distributed file storage module (such as IPFS), a unique file identifier CID (Content Identifier) is generated, and the storage path of the firmware file is located through the CID.

[0053] The following task metadata is written into the smart contract of the blockchain:

[0054] H ΔF : differential firmware hash value;

[0055] σ ΔF : digital signature of differential firmware;

[0056] CID: file identifier of differential firmware;

[0057] V F : new firmware version number;

[0058] D F : target device ID list;

[0059] T deadline : deadline of upgrade task.

[0060] 2. Task publishing and data distribution

[0061] The main station server creates and publishes the upgrade task through the smart contract of the blockchain, and the blockchain broadcasts the task to all concentrator nodes to ensure that the task data cannot be tampered with. After receiving the task, each concentrator simultaneously downloads the differential firmware data from the distributed file storage module.

[0062] 2.1 Dynamic bandwidth allocation

[0063] Since remote upgrade involves multiple concentrators, network congestion or uneven bandwidth allocation may occur during firmware distribution. To ensure efficient use of network bandwidth and resources while ensuring low transmission delay during simultaneous firmware upgrade of multiple concentrator devices, this embodiment optimizes data transmission of the upgrade task, dynamically schedules and allocates network resources to minimize task transmission time and improve transmission efficiency.

[0064] Assuming that there are N concentrators upgrading simultaneously, the total available bandwidth is B total , then the bandwidth allocated to each concentrator is B i should satisfy: To compensate the transmission delay of high-delay devices, more bandwidth should be allocated to high-delay devices, so the initial bandwidth allocation formula is where L i represents the transmission delay of the i th concentrator. When some concentrators complete the download, their bandwidth can be reallocated to other unfinished devices, so the bandwidth allocation formula is adjusted as:

[0065] ,

[0066] where n represents the number of concentrators that have completed the download task.

[0067] The master server allocates initial bandwidth to each concentrator according to the total bandwidth B total , the number of concentrators N , and the transmission delay of each concentrator obtained. The concentrators download firmware data from the distributed file storage module in parallel according to the allocated bandwidth. During the parallel download process, the master server monitors the completion of the download task of each concentrator in real time, and reallocates bandwidth to concentrators with unfinished tasks when a concentrator completes the download task, adjusting the real-time transmission bandwidth.

[0068] 2.2 Firmware partitioning and download

[0069] The concentrator reads the firmware task metadata from the blockchain and downloads the differential firmware ΔF from the distributed file storage module. The download process supports block transmission and breakpoint resume. The size of the differential file may be large, and the bandwidth and network status of different concentrators may be different. Dividing the firmware into small blocks for transmission can effectively cope with bandwidth fluctuations and network interruptions, and realize breakpoint resume.

[0070] In the distributed file storage module, for a concentrator i , the differential firmware ΔF is divided into multiple data blocks, and the size of each data block is s b , which can be dynamically adjusted according to the current bandwidth B :

[0071] ,

[0072] where t chunk is the maximum allowed transmission time, M is the number of data blocks.

[0073] If the device bandwidth B is high, the block size s bLarger, so that its bandwidth can be fully utilized. If the bandwidth B Lower, the chunk size s b Smaller, to ensure that the device can complete the transmission within t chunk the network is congested or timed out. If the transmission is interrupted, the concentrator records the completed chunk number and the current chunk position. Next time the transmission, recompute the chunk size, and continue from the unfinished block transmission.

[0074] 3. Data verification and firmware application

[0075] 3.1 Data verification

[0076] The core purpose of data verification is to confirm that the source of the downloaded differential firmware file is trustworthy, preventing malicious firmware tampering or forgery. Through data verification, the concentrator can ensure that the differential firmware is indeed published by the authorized development team. In the firmware generation phase, the development team uses a private key to encrypt the hash value of the firmware, generating a digital signature. During data verification, the concentrator needs to use the corresponding public key to decrypt the digital signature and compare it with the firmware hash value recorded on the blockchain to verify its authenticity.

[0077] The specific steps are as follows:

[0078] The concentrator calculates the hash value of the downloaded differential firmware file Recompute the hash value : ;

[0079] Use the public key Public Key to decrypt the signature σ ΔF to get the hash value contained in the signature :

[0080] ;

[0081] Compare the calculated with the decrypted :

[0082] If , the verification is passed, indicating that the source of the differential firmware is trustworthy and has not been tampered with;

[0083] If , the verification fails, indicating that the differential firmware may be tampered with or the source is not trustworthy.

[0084] 3.2 Firmware application

[0085] The concentrator applies the differential file ΔF to the current firmware F oldGenerate a complete new firmware F new : F new = F old + ΔF ,Will F new Write the firmware to the concentrator's backup firmware storage area, ensuring that existing firmware is not overwritten. Switch the concentrator to the new firmware and restart it, running a self-test program to verify the new firmware's functionality; if it fails, automatically roll back to the old firmware. The concentrator feeds back the upgrade status to the smart contract via the blockchain, including upgrade success / failure status and the current firmware version number. The main station obtains the upgrade completion status of each concentrator by reading the blockchain status.

[0086] This example uses the BsDiff differential generation algorithm to generate differential firmware, and then restores the new firmware in the concentrator based on the differential firmware. BsDiff is an algorithm used to generate binary file differential update packages. Its main principle is to generate a patch file containing difference information by comparing the old file and the new file.

[0087] During the differential file generation phase, BsDiff first sorts all strings in the old file by their suffixes, creating a dictionary. Then, it compares the old and new files using this dictionary, generating a diff string and an extra string. The diff string records the matching parts between the old and new files, while the extra string records the non-matching parts. The diff string, extra string, and corresponding control words (such as ADD and INSERT instructions) are then compressed using a compression algorithm (such as bzip2) into a patch package (i.e., the differential firmware). The control information in this package includes the number of bytes read from the old file and the number of bytes inserted into the new file.

[0088] During the file recovery phase, the patch package is first downloaded, then decompressed using a decompression tool to obtain the diffstring and extra string. Based on the control information in the patch package, the diff string and extra string are applied to the old file to generate a new, complete file. Specifically, the ADD command copies the corresponding bytes from the old file to the new file, the INSERT command inserts the extra string into the new file, and the new file is verified (e.g., by calculating its MD5 value) to ensure its correctness. If the verification passes, the recovery process is complete.

[0089] BsDiff algorithm generates smaller patch package by efficiently calculating and compressing difference data, thereby reducing the amount of redundant data during transmission and storage, while ensuring the consistency of the restored file with the original new file.

[0090] The above is the main content of the concentrator remote upgrade method provided by the embodiment. By introducing the differential firmware generation and dynamic bandwidth scheduling algorithm, and combining the security and distributed storage of the blockchain, the remote upgrade of the concentrator is realized, which is suitable for batch management and upgrade of large-scale devices.

[0091] Embodiment Two

[0092] Based on the above method, the embodiment provides a concentrator remote upgrade system, as shown in Figure 2 The system mainly includes a concentrator, a master station server, a distributed file storage module and a blockchain network.

[0093] The master station server is responsible for generating differential firmware, calculating difference data through a special tool (such as bsdiff or xdelta); uploading the generated differential firmware to the distributed file storage module, and recording the generated file identification CID. It is also used for digital signature of the differential firmware, and generation of security credentials. The master station creates and publishes the upgrade task through the smart contract of the blockchain, and writes the upgrade task into the blockchain through the smart contract interface. The master station can query the task status and feedback information of the concentrator. ΔF

[0094] The concentrator is a terminal device, responsible for receiving tasks, downloading differential firmware, verifying firmware integrity and performing upgrades. The concentrator is built-in with a blockchain network API or a lightweight blockchain node, which is used to access the blockchain network. Through the API or lightweight node of the blockchain network, the concentrator regularly checks whether there is a new upgrade task, obtains task data, and uploads the upgrade status (such as success / failure) to the blockchain for the master station to monitor. The concentrator also integrates a distributed file storage interface, which is used to download differential firmware from the distributed file storage module according to the file identification CID, supports block download, breakpoint resume and other functions.

[0095] The blockchain is the core task management module of the system, responsible for storing and broadcasting task information, and recording upgrade status. Alliance chain (such as Hyperledger Fabric or enterprise version of Ethereum) is used to meet the high throughput and low delay requirements. The smart contract is configured for task publishing, status updating and querying.

[0096] The distributed file storage module is a storage and distribution module for firmware files, responsible for efficiently and reliably providing firmware data. In the embodiment, IPFS or similar technology is selected to support distributed storage and fast retrieval of data, and redundant storage nodes are configured to ensure file availability and disaster recovery capability.​

[0097] The whole workflow of the system includes:

[0098] 1. Task publishing stage

[0099] The master station generates the differential firmware ΔF and uploads it to the distributed file storage module to obtain the CID.

[0100] The master station publishes the upgrade task through the blockchain smart contract, including H ΔF CID: file identifier of the differential firmware, etc.

[0101] 2. Task acquisition stage

[0102] The concentrator regularly checks for task updates through the blockchain. If there is a new task, the concentrator acquires the task metadata.

[0103] 3. Firmware download and verification stage

[0104] The concentrator downloads the differential firmware ΔF from the distributed file storage module through the CID and performs verification to ensure file integrity and credibility.

[0105] 4. Differential recovery and installation stage

[0106] The concentrator generates the complete firmware using ΔF and the current firmware F old F new switches to F new and runs a self-check program.

[0107] 5. Status feedback stage

[0108] The concentrator feeds back the upgrade status (success / failure) to the master station through the blockchain for real-time monitoring and analysis.

[0109] Through the above design, the system can efficiently and securely complete the whole process of differential firmware generation and remote upgrade. The concentrator remote upgrade method described in Embodiment One can have the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method, and technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be referred to the detailed content of the concentrator remote upgrade method provided in Embodiment One of the present application.

[0110] ​Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limited to them; under the idea of the present application, the technical features of the above examples or different examples can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other changes of different aspects of the present application as described above, which are not provided in details for simplicity; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement to part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for remotely upgrading a concentrator, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Generate differential firmware based on the current firmware and the new firmware, and store it in the distributed file storage module; S2. Generate verification information for differential firmware based on digital signature technology: Calculate the hash value H of the differential firmware ΔF. ΔF and use the private key to H ΔF Perform a digital signature to obtain the digital signature σ. ΔF ; S3. Create an upgrade task, which is then broadcast to all concentrator nodes via the blockchain network: The task metadata is written into a smart contract on the blockchain, and the task metadata includes the hash value H of the differential firmware ΔF. ΔF Digital signature σ ΔF The file identifier (CID), the new firmware version number, and the deadline for the upgrade task are specified. The file identifier (CID) is used to locate the storage path of the differential firmware in the distributed file storage module. S4. The concentrator acquires task data and downloads differential firmware from the distributed file storage module: When downloading the differential firmware, for concentrator i, the differential firmware ΔF is divided into multiple data blocks, each data block being s in size. b Dynamically adjust based on the current bandwidth B of concentrator i: Among them, S ΔF The value t represents the magnitude of the differential firmware ΔF. chunk The maximum allowed transmission time, M represents the number of data blocks; if the current bandwidth B is high, the block size s... b The larger the block size s, the more fully it utilizes its bandwidth; if the bandwidth B is low, the smaller the block size s. b Smaller, to ensure that it can be t chunk The transmission is completed within the specified time frame to avoid network congestion or timeouts. If the transmission is interrupted, the concentrator records the completed block number and the current block position. In the next transmission, the block size is recalculated and the download continues from the unfinished block. S5. After the download is complete, the concentrator verifies the downloaded differential firmware based on the verification information: The concentrator calculates the hash value H′ of the downloaded differential firmware file ΔF′. ΔF Use public key to digitally sign σ ΔF Decryption is performed to obtain the hash value contained in the digital signature. Calculate H′ ΔF With decrypted Compare: If If the verification passes, it indicates that the differential firmware is of reliable origin and has not been tampered with; if If the verification fails, it indicates that the differential firmware may have been tampered with or that its source is untrustworthy. S6. After successful verification, the concentrator generates and installs new firmware based on the current firmware and differential firmware: The concentrator uses the downloaded differential file ΔF and the current firmware F old Generate a complete new firmware F new :F new =F old +ΔF, F new Write the backup firmware to the concentrator's storage area, ensuring that the current firmware is not overwritten; switch the concentrator to the new firmware and restart it, run the self-test program to verify the new firmware's functionality, and automatically roll back to the old firmware if it fails.

2. The method for remotely upgrading a concentrator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the firmware F currently running in the concentrator is calculated. old With the new firmware F new The binary differences are used to generate a differential firmware file ΔF using a differential generation algorithm: ΔF = F new -F old .

3. The method for remotely upgrading a concentrator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the main server determines the total available bandwidth B. total Given the number of concentrators N and the transmission delay of each concentrator, allocate initial bandwidth to each concentrator: Among them, L i B represents the transmission delay of the i-th concentrator. i The initial bandwidth for the i-th concentrator; after some concentrators complete their downloads, bandwidth is reallocated to the concentrators that have not yet completed their downloads: Where n represents the number of concentrators that have completed the download. This represents the new bandwidth of the i-th concentrator.

4. The method for remotely upgrading a concentrator as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S6, the concentrator feeds back the upgrade status to the smart contract through the blockchain, including the upgrade success / failure status and the current firmware version number; the main server obtains the upgrade completion status of each concentrator by reading the blockchain status.

5. A concentrator remote upgrade system based on the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, This includes a concentrator, a main server, a distributed file storage module, and a blockchain network; The main server is responsible for generating differential firmware, uploading the generated differential firmware to the distributed file storage module, and also for performing hash calculations and digital signatures on the differential firmware to generate security credentials. The main server writes the upgrade task into the blockchain network through the smart contract interface and dynamically allocates bandwidth to each concentrator. The concentrator has a built-in blockchain network API or lightweight blockchain node for accessing the blockchain network to periodically check for upgrade tasks, obtain task data, and upload the upgrade status to the blockchain for monitoring by the main server. The concentrator also integrates a distributed file storage interface for downloading differential firmware from the distributed file storage module based on the file identifier in the task data. The distributed file storage module is the storage and distribution module for differential firmware, supporting block download and breakpoint resume; the blockchain network is responsible for storing and broadcasting task information, as well as recording upgrade status.

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