Electron beam welding device and welding method thereof

Abstract

The present invention application discloses an electron beam welding device and a welding method thereof, and relates to the technical field of electron beam welding. The electron beam welding device includes a bearing seat, a rotating shaft extending along its axial direction is installed inside the bearing seat, and a rotor, a heat-insulating disc, a separator sleeve and a transfer disc are connected from bottom to top on the outer wall of the rotating shaft; a quartz bell jar is arranged outside the rotating shaft, a sealing gasket is arranged on the top surface of the bearing seat, and the bottom of the quartz bell jar is embedded inside the sealing gasket. The quartz bell jar is provided with a stator corresponding to the rotor, and a vacuum flow channel at least includes an exhaust channel opened on the bottom surface of the bearing seat, and a first air channel extending along the axial direction of the rotating shaft is opened inside the rotating shaft. The present invention application can reduce the heat transfer to the inside of the bearing seat of the electron beam welding device, can appropriately reduce the temperature during the welding process, improve the heat dissipation performance of the electron beam welding device, and extend the overall service life of the electron beam welding device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding equipment, and specifically to an electron beam welding device and a welding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Welding is one of the key technologies in the field of mechanical manufacturing, especially in the fields of nuclear power, petrochemicals, automobiles, aerospace, etc. Electron beam welding in welding technology is a high-energy beam welding with a maximum power density of 107-109W / cm 2 Electron beam welding has the advantages of less oxidation, less deformation and high quality. Electron beam welding has been widely used in aviation and aerospace fields.

[0003] At present, most electron beam welding equipment adopts a fixed welding method, for example, there are obvious limitations when welding the weld points of circular rings. Due to the inevitable errors in the processing of the workpiece to be welded and the inaccuracy of multiple clamping, it is difficult to keep the focal length of the subsequent weld points of the circular ring consistent. This inconsistency may cause differences in the welding melting effect, seriously affecting the stability and reliability of the welding quality. In the fields of aerospace, precision instrument manufacturing, etc., which have extremely high requirements for welding quality, the above-mentioned poor welding effects may cause the mechanical properties of products such as circular rings to deteriorate, or fail to meet the use requirements.

[0004] In addition, a large amount of heat is generated during the electron beam welding process. If the heat cannot be effectively dissipated, it will not only affect the service life of the equipment, but also threaten the safety of the operator. The current electron beam welding equipment also has certain limitations in heat dissipation and lacks effective heat dissipation measures. In view of this, the present invention application proposes an electron beam welding device and a welding method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electron beam welding device and a welding method thereof to partially or completely solve the problems raised in the above background technology. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electron beam welding device, comprising a bearing seat, a rotating shaft extending along its axial direction is installed inside the bearing seat, and a rotor, a heat insulation disc, a separation sleeve and an adapter disc are connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft from bottom to top;

[0007] A quartz bell jar is arranged outside the rotating shaft, a sealing gasket is arranged on the top surface of the bearing seat, the bottom of the quartz bell jar is at least partially embedded in the inside of the sealing gasket, and a stator corresponding to the rotor is arranged on the quartz bell jar;

[0008] The vacuum flow channel at least includes an air extraction channel opened on the bottom surface of the bearing seat, a first air channel extending along the axial direction of the shaft is opened inside the rotating shaft, the bottom of the first air channel penetrates the bottom wall of the rotating shaft and corresponds to the air extraction channel, and a second air channel extending along the radial direction of the shaft is opened inside the rotating shaft extending to the top of the bearing seat, and the second air channel is connected to the first air channel;

[0009] The cooling channel at least includes a cooling chamber located inside the bearing seat and opened along the axial direction of the bearing seat, and a cooling interface opened on the bottom wall of the bearing seat and connected to the cooling chamber. The cooling chamber is also equipped with a heat exchanger for cooling.

[0010] Preferably, the heat exchange element includes a plurality of heat dissipation ring sheets, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the inner wall of the cooling chamber; the heat dissipation ring sheets are provided with openings through them, a rotating column is installed inside the opening, and a movable sheet capable of at least partially blocking the opening is installed on the rotating column; the plurality of movable sheets are rotatably connected to the heat dissipation ring sheets, and a driving element is arranged inside the bearing seat, which is used to drive the rotating column to rotate when the rotating shaft rotates, and then drive the movable sheet to move, so that the coolant inside the cooling chamber flows.

[0011] Preferably, the driving member includes a gear fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating column; a rack arranged inside the cooling chamber and sliding axially along the heat dissipation ring sheet, and the gear is meshingly connected to the rack; an annular cavity is opened inside the bearing seat; a push rod which can slide radially thereof is arranged inside the annular cavity, one end of the push rod extends to the inside of the cooling chamber and abuts against the bottom of the rack, and the other end of the push rod is connected to a first permanent magnet; a plurality of second permanent magnets are distributed circumferentially along the outer wall of the lower part of the rotating shaft, and the second permanent magnets and the first permanent magnets repel each other magnetically; a support spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod, one end of which is connected to the side wall of the first permanent magnet, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the annular cavity; a reset spring is connected to the top end of the rack, and the top end of the reset spring is connected to the inner top wall of the cooling chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the electron beam welding device further comprises: a first motion control coefficient M1, a second motion control coefficient M2 and a third motion control coefficient M3, the plurality of movable sheets comprise a first swing angle A1 and a second swing angle A2, the plurality of first permanent magnets 22 comprise a first permanent magnet 1 and a first permanent magnet 2, the first permanent magnet 1 and the first permanent magnet 2 are sequentially annularly spaced, the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 are respectively: M1=MF1 / MF2, M 2=P / N, M3=A1 / A2, and satisfies: M1+M2+M3≥3.0; wherein, MF1 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet one and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, MF2 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet two and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, P is the number of the first permanent magnet one or the number of the first permanent magnet two, N is the number of the second permanent magnet, A1 is the first swing angle generated by the movement of a part of the multiple movable pieces, and A2 is the second swing angle generated by the movement of the other part of the multiple movable pieces.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of push rods include a first push rod, a second push rod and a wedge coefficient T, the first push rod includes a first wedge-shaped portion, the second push rod includes a second wedge-shaped portion, when the first wedge-shaped portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity, the rack slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate, when the second wedge-shaped portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity, the rack slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate, the wedge coefficient T is: T=B1 / B2, satisfying: T+M3≤M2+3, wherein B1 is the wedge angle of the first wedge portion, and B2 is the wedge angle of the second wedge portion.

[0014] Preferably, the first motion control coefficient M1, the wedge coefficient T, and the third motion control coefficient M3 satisfy: |M1-T|+|M3-T|≥2 / 3; the rotating shaft is connected with a spacer ring, a pressure cover and a sealed bearing, and the rotating shaft is connected to the bearing seat through the spacer ring, the pressure cover and the sealed bearing; an annular embedding groove is provided on the top surface of the bearing seat, and the sealing gasket is arranged on the groove surface of the annular embedding groove, the quartz bell cover is a sleeve structure with an open bottom and a blocked top, and the bottom of the quartz bell cover is at least partially embedded in the interior of the annular embedding groove; and / or, a plurality of thermal insulation discs are equidistantly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, a plurality of separation sleeves are arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and a retaining spring is also arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the separation sleeve and the thermal insulation disc can be fixed to the rotating shaft at least by the retaining spring; a thin column structure is formed on the upper part of the rotating shaft, the thin column structure is located above the thermal insulation disc and the separation sleeve, and a threaded blind hole extending to the inside of the rotating shaft is provided on the top of the thin column structure, and the internal thread of the threaded blind hole is connected with a screw, and the adapter plate is connected to the rotating shaft through the screw.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electron beam welding method, using any electron beam welding device described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step S100: The workpiece to be welded is mounted on a transfer plate of an electron beam welding device through a fixture. The workpiece to be welded includes N weld areas, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2:

[0017] Step S200: evacuating the electron beam welding device through a vacuum flow channel;

[0018] Step S300: Repeat N times to perform electron beam welding after the workpiece to be welded is rotated. During the first, second, ..., Nth electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, the electron beam welding device is partially cooled to complete the electron beam welding of N weld areas of the workpiece to be welded.

[0019] Optionally, the electron beam welding method further includes: a first motion control coefficient M1, a second motion control coefficient M2 and a third motion control coefficient M3, the plurality of movable sheets include a first swing angle A1 and a second swing angle A2, the plurality of first permanent magnets 22 include a first permanent magnet 1 and a first permanent magnet 2, the first permanent magnet 1 and the first permanent magnet 2 are sequentially annularly spaced, the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 are respectively: M1=MF1 / MF2, M 2=P / N, M3=A1 / A2, and satisfies: M1+M2+M3≥3.0; wherein, MF1 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet one and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, MF2 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet two and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, P is the number of the first permanent magnet one or the number of the first permanent magnet two, N is the number of the second permanent magnet, A1 is the first swing angle generated by the movement of a plurality of movable pieces of a part, and A2 is the second swing angle generated by the movement of a plurality of movable pieces of another part.

[0020] Optionally, the simultaneous partial cooling of the electron beam welding device includes: when the rotating shaft rotates, the second permanent magnet installed on the outer wall of the lower end of the rotating shaft will rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft, and when the second permanent magnet is directly opposite to the first permanent magnet, the magnetic repulsion between the second permanent magnet and the first permanent magnet will push the first permanent magnet to slide along the inner wall of the annular cavity. During the sliding of the first permanent magnet, the push rod is driven to slide toward the inside of the cooling chamber, and the push rod pushes the rack to make the rack slide axially along the inner wall of the cooling chamber. During the sliding of the rack, the gear meshing with the rack will be driven to rotate, and the gear drives the rotating column to rotate, thereby causing the movable sheet to follow the rotating column to move on the heat dissipation ring sheet, and when the movable sheet moves, the movable sheet will destroy the original flow path of the coolant, causing the coolant to flow inside the cooling chamber.

[0021] Optionally, step S300 further includes step S400: inspecting the welding quality of the workpiece after N electron beam weldings are completed to determine whether further processing is required.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] (1) In the present application, the electron beam generator of the electronic welding device is located above the product on the adapter plate. The electron beam generator performs welding operations on the product and can drive the workpiece to be welded mounted on the adapter plate to rotate through the cooperation of the rotor and the stator, so that the workpiece to be welded can be melted; at the same time, by providing a heat insulating disk, a separation sleeve and a rotating shaft with a step structure, the heat transfer to the outside of the bearing seat of the electron beam welding device is reduced, thereby appropriately extending the overall service life of the electron beam welding device.

[0024] (2) In the present application, the cooling channel at least includes a cooling interface, a cooling chamber and a heat exchanger arranged inside the bearing seat. When the movable plate of the heat exchanger moves, it will destroy the original flow path of the coolant, so that the coolant flows inside the cooling chamber. The multiple movable plates move at completely the same or not completely different speeds, so that the coolant flow will produce irregular motion. The coolant moves turbulently in the cooling channel, the turbulence degree is increased, the heat exchange area is expanded, the heat exchange uniformity is improved, and the dirt and impurity deposition is appropriately reduced. At the same time, it can also effectively reduce the temperature of the bearing seat during operation, improve the heat dissipation performance of the electron beam welding device, and extend the service life of the bearing seat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electron beam welding device applied for by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electron beam welding device applied for by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 3 For along Figure 2 Structural diagram of the middle section line AA;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure at center A;

[0029] Figure 5 A partial structural schematic diagram of an electron beam welding device applied for by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electron beam welding device applied for by the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0031] Figure 7 For along Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle section line BB;

[0032] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the connection between the bearing seat and the heat dissipation ring sheet applied for by the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the partial structure of the heat exchanger applied for in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0034] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the partial structure of the heat exchanger applied for in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0035] Fig.11 For along Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle section line CC;

[0036] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat dissipation ring sheet applied for in the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1. bearing seat; 2. rotating shaft; 3. spacer ring; 4. pressure cover; 5. rotor; 6. locking nut; 7. heat insulation disc; 8. separation sleeve; 9. adapter plate; 10. quartz bell; 11. exhaust channel; 12. screw; 13. retaining ring; 14. flat key; 15. stator; 16. sealing gasket; 17. sealed bearing; 18. cooling interface; 19. cooling chamber; 20. heat dissipation ring; 21. annular cavity; 22. first permanent magnet; 23. second permanent magnet; 24. push rod; 25. support spring; 26. rack; 27. rotating column; 28. gear; 29. ​​movable plate; 30. reset spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1-Figure 12 As shown, in the first aspect, the present invention provides an electron beam welding device, comprising a bearing seat 1, a rotating shaft 2 extending along its axial direction is installed inside the bearing seat 1, and a rotor 5, a heat insulation disc 7, a separation sleeve 8 and an adapter disc 9 are connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 2 from bottom to top;

[0040] A quartz bell jar 10 is arranged outside the rotating shaft 2, a sealing gasket 16 is arranged on the top surface of the bearing seat 1, and the bottom of the quartz bell jar 10 is at least partially embedded in the sealing gasket 16. A stator 15 corresponding to the rotor 5 is arranged on the quartz bell jar 10;

[0041] The vacuum flow channel at least includes an air extraction channel 11 opened on the bottom surface of the bearing seat 1, a first air channel extending along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2 is opened inside the rotating shaft 2, the bottom of the first air channel passes through the bottom wall of the rotating shaft 2 and corresponds to the air extraction channel 11, and the rotating shaft 2 extends to the upper part of the bearing seat 1 and a second air channel extending along the radial direction thereof is opened inside, and the second air channel is connected to the first air channel;

[0042] The cooling channel at least includes a cooling chamber 19 located inside the bearing seat 1 and opened along the axial direction of the bearing seat 1, and a cooling interface 18 opened on the bottom wall of the bearing seat 1 and connected to the cooling chamber 19. A heat exchange component for cooling is also installed on the inner wall of the cooling chamber 19.

[0043] In the present application, when the electron beam welding device is working, the inside of the bearing seat 1 can be evacuated to a vacuum state by means of an external vacuum device through the provided vacuum flow channel, and the electron beam generator is located above the product for welding. The stator 15 can be installed on the outer wall of the quartz bell jar 10 ( Figure 3 The workpiece to be welded mounted on the adapter plate 9 can be driven to rotate by the cooperation of the rotor 5 and the stator 15 to achieve the welding needs, so that the workpiece to be welded is melted. The cooling interface 18, the cooling chamber 19 and the heat dissipation ring sheet 20 arranged inside the bearing seat 1 can effectively reduce the temperature of the bearing seat 1 during operation and extend the overall service life of the electron beam welding device.

[0044] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat dissipation ring sheets 20, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the inner wall of the cooling chamber 19; the heat dissipation ring sheets 20 are provided with openings through them, a rotating column 27 is installed inside the opening, and a movable sheet 29 capable of at least partially blocking the opening is installed on the rotating column 27; a plurality of movable sheets 29 are rotatably connected to the heat dissipation ring sheets 20, and a driving member is arranged inside the bearing seat 1, and is used to drive the rotating column 27 to rotate when the rotating shaft 2 rotates, so as to drive the movable sheet 29 to move, so that the coolant inside the cooling chamber 19 flows.

[0045] In the present application, a plurality of heat dissipation ring sheets 20 are mounted on the bearing seat 1. When the rotating shaft 2 rotates, a plurality of movable sheets 29 can be rotatably connected to the heat dissipation ring sheets 20. The driving member can be used to drive the rotating column 27 to rotate when the rotating shaft 2 rotates, thereby driving the movable sheets 29 to move. Since the coolant flows inside the cooling chamber 19, when the movable sheet 29 moves, the movable sheet 29 will destroy the original flow path of the coolant, so that the coolant flows inside the cooling chamber 19. The plurality of movable sheets 29 can move in a completely or non-completely manner. For example, the plurality of movable sheets 29 move at non-completely the same speeds, so that the flow of the coolant will generate turbulent motion.

[0046] In the present application, the turbulent motion of the coolant in the cooling channel can produce the following effects: first, the degree of turbulence is increased. The turbulent motion causes the flow direction and speed of the coolant to change continuously, forming a more complex flow field and enhancing the turbulence of the fluid; the turbulence can break the thermal resistance of the coolant boundary layer, allowing heat to be more efficiently transferred from the heat-generating components to the coolant. Compared with regular laminar flow, the heat transfer coefficient in turbulent state is higher and the heat exchange effect is better. In addition, the heat exchange area is expanded. The turbulent motion enables the coolant to contact the wall of the cooling channel and the inner surface of the bearing seat more widely, increasing the effective heat exchange area, thereby making full use of the space of the channel for heat exchange and improving the adequacy of heat exchange. At the same time, the turbulent motion can make the coolant continuously mixed and disturbed in the cooling channel, avoiding excessive concentration of heat in local areas, so that the surface temperature of the heat-generating components (such as the bearing seat) can be more uniform, reducing the impact of local overheating or overcooling on the performance and life of the bearing seat. Finally, reduce the deposition of dirt and impurities: enhance the scouring effect: the turbulent motion of the coolant will produce strong shear force and scouring effect, which can prevent the adhesion and deposition of dirt and impurities on the wall of the cooling channel. The irregular flow field causes the coolant to continuously impact the wall during the flow process, flushing away the attached dirt and impurities and keeping the channel clean.

[0047] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the driving member includes a gear 28, which is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating column 27; a rack 26, which is arranged inside the cooling chamber 19 and slides axially along the heat dissipation ring sheet 20, and the gear 28 is meshed and connected with the rack 26; an annular cavity 21 is opened inside the bearing seat 1, and a push rod 24 that can slide radially is arranged inside it, one end of the push rod 24 extends to the inside of the cooling chamber 19 and abuts against the bottom of the rack 26, and the other end of the push rod 24 is connected to the first permanent magnet 22; a plurality of second permanent magnets 23 are distributed circumferentially along the outer wall of the lower part of the rotating shaft 2, and the second permanent magnets 23 and the first permanent magnets 22 repel each other magnetically; a support spring 25 is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod 24, one end of which is connected to the side wall of the first permanent magnet 22, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the annular cavity 21.

[0048] In the present application, a plurality of heat dissipation ring sheets 20 are installed on the bearing seat 1, and the plurality of heat dissipation ring sheets 20 can be separated by a plurality of spacers, and the plurality of spacers can be installed on the bearing seat 1; the heat dissipation ring sheet 2 and / or the movable sheet 29 can limit the vertical movement of the rack 26, so that the rack 26 can only slide along the axial direction of the heat dissipation ring sheet 20; the other end of the push rod 24 is connected to the first permanent magnet 22, and a plurality of second permanent magnets 23 are distributed circumferentially along the lower outer wall of the rotating shaft 2, and the second permanent magnets 23 and the first permanent magnets 22 are magnetically repelled from each other. When the rotating shaft 2 rotates, the second permanent magnets 23 installed on the outer wall of its lower end will rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 2 When the second permanent magnet 23 is directly opposite to the first permanent magnet 22, the magnetic repulsion between the second permanent magnet 23 and the first permanent magnet 22 will push the first permanent magnet 22 to slide along the inner wall of the annular cavity 21. During the sliding process of the first permanent magnet 22, the push rod 24 is driven to slide toward the inside of the cooling chamber 19. The push rod 24 pushes the rack 26, so that the rack 26 slides along the axial direction of the heat dissipation ring sheet 20 (that is, the rack 26 will move vertically). During the sliding process of the rack 26, the gear 28 meshing with it will be driven to rotate, and the gear 28 will drive the rotating column 27 to rotate, so that the movable sheet 29 follows the rotating column 27 to move on the heat dissipation ring sheet 20.

[0049] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the top of the rack 26 is connected to a reset spring 30, and the top of the reset spring 30 is connected to the inner top wall of the cooling chamber 19; the rotating shaft 2 is connected to a spacer ring 3, a pressure cover 4 and a sealed bearing 17, and the rotating shaft 2 is connected to the bearing seat 1 through the spacer ring 3, the pressure cover 4 and the sealed bearing 17; an annular embedding groove is provided on the top surface of the bearing seat 1, and a sealing gasket 16 is arranged on the groove surface of the annular embedding groove, and the quartz bell jar 10 is a sleeve structure with an open bottom and a blocked top, and the bottom of the quartz bell jar 10 is at least partially embedded in the inside of the annular embedding groove.

[0050] In the present application, a reset spring 30 is connected to the top of the rack 26, and the elastic force of the reset spring 30 can be used to push the rack 26 to fit the outer wall of the push rod 24; the spacer 3, the pressure cover 4 and the sealing bearing 17 are provided, so that the rotating shaft 2 can be easily installed on the bearing seat 1; at the same time, an annular embedding groove is provided on the top surface of the bearing seat 1, and the sealing gasket 16 is provided on the groove surface of the annular embedding groove. The cooperation between the annular embedding groove and the sealing gasket 16 can ensure the sealing of the connection of the quartz bell cover 10.

[0051] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding device further includes: a first motion control coefficient M1, a second motion control coefficient M2 and a third motion control coefficient M3, the plurality of movable pieces include a first swing angle A1 and a second swing angle A2, the plurality of first permanent magnets 22 include a first permanent magnet 1 and a first permanent magnet 2, the first permanent magnet 1 and the first permanent magnet 2 are sequentially annularly spaced, the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 are respectively: M1=MF1 / MF2 , M2=P / N, M3=A1 / A2, and satisfy: M1+M2+M3≥3.0; wherein, MF1 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet one and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, MF2 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet two and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, P is the number of the first permanent magnet one or the number of the first permanent magnet two, N is the number of the second permanent magnet, A1 is the first swing angle generated by the movement of multiple movable pieces of one part, and A2 is the second swing angle generated by the movement of multiple movable pieces of another part.

[0052] In the present application, the magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet one and the magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet two are different in magnitude, and accordingly, the magnetic repulsive force MF1 between the first permanent magnet one and the second permanent magnet 23, and the magnetic repulsive force MF2 between the first permanent magnet two and the second permanent magnet 23 are also different, which leads to a different rotation angle of the gear 28, resulting in one of the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two being directly opposite to the second permanent magnet 23, and the movement amplitude of the plurality of movable plates 29 is also different; at the same time, the number of the first permanent magnet one or the number of the first permanent magnet two can be equal or unequal, the number of the first permanent magnet one and the number of the first permanent magnet two can both be P, and the number of the second permanent magnet is N, when P =N, the magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two can be opposite to the second permanent magnet 23 at the same time, and a part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the first swing angle A1, and another part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the second swing angle A2. When P>N, the magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two can be opposite to the second permanent magnet 23 successively. Accordingly, first, when the first permanent magnet one is opposite to the second permanent magnet 23, a part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the first swing angle A1; then, when the first permanent magnet two is opposite to the second permanent magnet 23, another part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the second swing angle A2, so that the multiple movable pieces 29 will produce intermittent movement. Of course, it can also be: first, when the first permanent magnet 2 is facing the second permanent magnet 23, a part of the multiple movable pieces will produce a movement with a first swing angle A1; then, when the first permanent magnet 1 is facing the second permanent magnet 23, another part of the multiple movable pieces will produce a movement with a second swing angle A2, so that the multiple movable pieces 29 will produce intermittent movement.

[0053] In this way, by setting the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3, the magnetic field force of the plurality of first permanent magnets 22, the number of first permanent magnets 1, the number of first permanent magnets 2, the number of second permanent magnets, the first swing angle A1 and the second swing angle A2 generated by the movement of the plurality of movable pieces can be controlled as a whole, and then the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 can be formed. By setting the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3, the coolant can be affected by the movable blades in the cooling channel, so that the flow direction and speed of the coolant are constantly changing, forming a complex flow field, greatly enhancing the turbulence of the coolant fluid, and making the heat more efficiently transferred from the shaft and the bearing seat to the coolant. It should be noted that when the workpiece to be welded is subjected to electron beam welding for multiple times, the shaft may also be heated, and the heat of the shaft can be transferred to the bearing seat, and the shaft can also be partially cooled indirectly accordingly.

[0054] Exemplarily, the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two are distributed in a ring shape with an interval of 120 degrees in sequence, the number of the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two are both 3, and the number of the second permanent magnet 23 can be 3 or 6. This can reduce the number of permanent magnets used, and thus appropriately reduce the design and manufacturing costs of the electron beam welding device.

[0055] In some embodiments, multiple push rods 24 include a first push rod, a second push rod and a wedge coefficient T, the first push rod includes a first wedge portion, the second push rod includes a second wedge portion, when the first wedge portion slides along the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20, when the second wedge portion slides along the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20, the wedge coefficient T is: T=B1 / B2, satisfying: T+M3≤M2+3, where B1 is the wedge angle of the first wedge portion, and B2 is the wedge angle of the first wedge portion. In this way, by setting the wedge coefficient T and T+M3≤M2+3, the overall design of the wedge angle B1 of the first wedge portion, the first swing angle A1, the wedge angle B2 of the second wedge portion, and the second swing angle A2 can be appropriately controlled simultaneously, and the difference in the wedge angle of the first wedge portion and the wedge angle of the second wedge portion can be appropriately controlled. At the same time, the overall amplitude of the first swing angle A1 and the second swing angle A2 can also be appropriately controlled, and then the influence of the movement of multiple movable sheets on the flow of coolant can be appropriately controlled, so as to appropriately control the stability and reliability of the operation of the electron beam welding device.

[0056] In the present application, multiple push rods 24 include a first push rod and a second push rod, the first push rod includes a first wedge-shaped portion, and the second push rod includes a second wedge-shaped portion. When the first wedge-shaped portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20, and when the second wedge-shaped portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20; preferably, a roller can be provided on the side of the rack close to the wedge-shaped portion, and the roller can move along the first wedge-shaped portion and the second wedge-shaped portion, so that the rack 26 can slide axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20 more conveniently; the wedge angle of the first wedge-shaped portion is B1, and the wedge angle of the second wedge-shaped portion is B2, which can be understood as the angle between the plane where the first wedge-shaped portion is located and the radial plane where the heat dissipation ring plate is located, and the angle between the plane where the second wedge-shaped portion is located and the radial plane where the heat dissipation ring plate is located.

[0057] In some embodiments, the first motion control coefficient M1, the wedge coefficient T, and the third motion control coefficient M3 satisfy: |M1-T|+|M3-T|≥2 / 3.

[0058] In the present application, after the number of the first permanent magnets 1 and the number of the first permanent magnets 2 is P, and the number of the second permanent magnets is N, the first motion control coefficient M1, the wedge coefficient T, and the third motion control coefficient M3 can be considered. Because the applicant found that the first motion control coefficient M1 and the wedge coefficient T will be related to the third motion control coefficient M3, which will directly affect the flow of the coolant; further, when the wedge coefficient T is initially determined, for example, T≥1, when |M1-T|+|M3-T|≥2 / 3 is satisfied, the first motion control coefficient M1 and the third motion control coefficient M3 will be appropriately larger, that is, a larger amplitude difference can be generated when multiple movable pieces move, which can be beneficial to the active flow of the coolant in the cooling chamber, and thus the degree of turbulence can be increased.

[0059] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, a flat key 14 is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 2, a keyway matched with the flat key 14 is provided on the inner wall of the rotor 5, and a locking nut 6 is also threadedly connected to the rotating shaft 2, and the locking nut 6 is located at the upper part of the rotor 5. The rotor 5 is fixed to the rotating shaft 2 through the flat key 14 and the locking nut 6; a plurality of heat-insulating discs 7 are equidistantly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2, a plurality of separation sleeves 8 are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 2, and a retaining spring 13 is also provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 2, and the separation sleeves 8 and the heat-insulating discs 7 can be fixed to the rotating shaft 2 at least through the retaining spring 13.

[0060] In the present application, the rotor 5 is fixed by a flat key 14 to prevent the rotor 5 from rotating on the shaft 2, so as to ensure that the shaft 2 can rotate synchronously with the rotor 5, and the locking nut 6 is provided to facilitate the installation and fixation of the rotor 5; at the same time, by providing multiple insulation discs 7 and separation sleeves 8 on the shaft 2, the heat transfer to the inside of the bearing seat 1 is reduced, which can effectively reduce the temperature during the electron beam welding process, optimize the insulation and heat transfer structure, further improve the heat dissipation performance of the electron beam welding, and extend the life of the bearing seat 1.

[0061] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, a thin column structure is formed on the upper part of the rotating shaft 2, and the thin column structure is located above the insulation disc 7 and the separation sleeve 8. The top of the thin column structure is provided with a threaded blind hole extending into the interior of the rotating shaft 2. The internal thread of the threaded blind hole is connected with a screw 12, and the adapter plate 9 is connected to the rotating shaft 2 through the screw 12.

[0062] In the present invention, a thin column structure is formed on the upper part of the rotating shaft 2, and the thin column structure is located above the heat insulating disc 7 and the separation sleeve 8. The provided screws 12 cooperate with the threaded blind holes to facilitate fixing the adapter plate 9 on the rotating shaft 2, making the connection of the adapter plate 9 more flexible and convenient for users to use. A combination clamp can also be provided on the adapter plate 9, and the adapter plate 9 is connected to the combination clamp. The combination clamp can include multiple clamps, and the use of multiple clamps alone or in combination will clamp the workpiece to be welded. The structure of the combination clamp is flexible and diverse, can be repeatedly used for a long time, and has a wide range of applications.

[0063] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electron beam welding method, using any electron beam welding device described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step S100: The workpiece to be welded is mounted on a transfer plate of an electron beam welding device through a fixture. The workpiece to be welded includes N weld areas, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2:

[0065] In the present invention, after the workpiece joint area of ​​the workpiece to be welded can be accurately processed, cleaned, assembled and fixed, the workpiece to be welded can be clamped on the adapter plate of the electron beam welding device by the combined clamp.

[0066] Step S200: evacuating the electron beam welding device through a vacuum flow channel;

[0067] In the present application, after the installation of the workpiece to be welded is completed, a conventional vacuum unit, valve, pressure gauge, etc. can be used to perform a vacuum step on the electron beam welding device. The vacuum step can usually be performed automatically, and the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0068] Specifically, step S200 includes: after the installation of the workpiece to be welded is completed, the vacuum pump, the pressure gauge, the safety valve and the vacuum pipeline are connected to the exhaust channel 11, the exhaust channel 11 is connected to the first air channel extending axially along the rotating shaft 2, and the second air channel extending radially along the rotating shaft 2 extending to the top of the bearing seat 1, the vacuum pump is turned on, and after vacuuming the electron beam welding device, the pressure gauge is observed to be negative pressure, and the vacuum pump is turned off.

[0069] Step S300: Repeat N times to perform electron beam welding after the workpiece to be welded is rotated. During the first, second, ..., Nth electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, the electron beam welding device is partially cooled to complete the electron beam welding of N weld areas of the workpiece to be welded:

[0070] Specifically, step S300 includes:

[0071] During the first electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, after the workpiece to be welded is rotated by the rotating shaft, the electron gun emits electrons, which are accelerated and focused to form a high-speed electron beam. The electron beam bombards the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, so that the workpiece to be welded is quickly melted, and the welding of the first weld zone of the workpiece to be welded is realized, and at the same time, the electron beam welding device is partially cooled;

[0072] During the second electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, similarly, after the workpiece to be welded is rotated through the rotating shaft, the electron gun emits electrons, which are accelerated and focused to form a high-speed electron beam, and the electron beam bombards the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, so that the workpiece to be welded is quickly melted, and the welding of the second weld area of ​​the workpiece to be welded is achieved, and the electron beam welding device is partially cooled at the same time;..., during the Nth electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, similarly, after the workpiece to be welded is rotated through the rotating shaft, the electron gun emits electrons, which are accelerated and focused to form a high-speed electron beam, and the electron beam bombards the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, so that the workpiece to be welded is quickly melted, and the welding of the Nth weld area of ​​the workpiece to be welded is achieved, and the electron beam welding device is partially cooled at the same time.

[0073] It should be noted that during the first, second, ..., Nth electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, the electron beam welding device may be vacuumed according to actual needs, that is, step S200 may be used once or multiple times in the above process.

[0074] Among them, the simultaneous cooling of part of the electron beam welding device includes: when the rotating shaft 2 rotates, the second permanent magnet 23 installed on the outer wall of the lower end of the rotating shaft 2 will rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft 2, and when the second permanent magnet 23 is directly opposite to the first permanent magnet 22, the magnetic repulsion between the second permanent magnet 23 and the first permanent magnet 22 will push the first permanent magnet 22 to slide along the inner wall of the annular cavity 21, and the first permanent magnet 22 will drive the push rod 24 to slide toward the inside of the cooling chamber 19 during the sliding process, and the push rod 24 pushes the rack 26 to make the rack 26 slide axially along the inner wall of the cooling chamber 19, and the rack 26 will drive the gear 28 meshing with it to rotate during the sliding process, and the gear 28 drives the rotating column 27 to rotate, so that the movable sheet 29 follows the rotating column 27 to move on the heat dissipation ring sheet 20, and when the movable sheet 29 moves, the movable sheet 29 will destroy the original flow path of the coolant, so that the coolant flows inside the cooling chamber 19.

[0075] In some embodiments, step S300 may be repeated multiple times, with the first weld zone being subjected to electron beam welding multiple times, the second weld zone being subjected to electron beam welding multiple times, ..., the Nth weld zone being subjected to electron beam welding multiple times, so that the material properties and physical properties of the workpiece to be welded, such as mechanical parameters (including strength, hardness, etc.), may be improved by multiple heat treatments.

[0076] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding method further includes: a first motion control coefficient M1, a second motion control coefficient M2 and a third motion control coefficient M3, a plurality of movable pieces include a first swing angle A1 and a second swing angle A2, a plurality of first permanent magnets 22 include a first permanent magnet 1 and a first permanent magnet 2, the first permanent magnet 1 and the first permanent magnet 2 are sequentially annularly spaced, and the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 are respectively: M1=MF1 / MF2 , M2=P / N, M3=A1 / A2, and satisfy: M1+M2+M3≥3.0; wherein, MF1 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet one and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, MF2 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet two and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, P is the number of the first permanent magnet one or the number of the first permanent magnet two, N is the number of the second permanent magnet, A1 is the first swing angle generated by the movement of multiple movable pieces of one part, and A2 is the second swing angle generated by the movement of multiple movable pieces of another part.

[0077] In the present application, the magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet one and the magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet two are different in magnitude, and accordingly, the magnetic repulsive force MF1 between the first permanent magnet one and the second permanent magnet 23, and the magnetic repulsive force MF2 between the first permanent magnet two and the second permanent magnet 23 are also different, resulting in a different rotation angle of the gear 28, one of the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two is directly opposite to the second permanent magnet 23, and the movement amplitude of the plurality of movable plates 29 is also different; at the same time, the number of the first permanent magnet one or the number of the first permanent magnet two can be equal, the number of the first permanent magnet one and the number of the first permanent magnet two can both be P, and the number of the second permanent magnet is N. When P=N, The magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two can be opposite to the second permanent magnet 23 at the same time, and a part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the first swing angle A1, and another part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the second swing angle A2. When P>N, the magnetic field force of the first permanent magnet one and the first permanent magnet two can be opposite to the second permanent magnet 23 successively. Accordingly, first, when the first permanent magnet one is opposite to the second permanent magnet 23, a part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the first swing angle A1; then, when the first permanent magnet two is opposite to the second permanent magnet 23, another part of the multiple movable pieces will produce movement of the second swing angle A2, so that the multiple movable pieces 29 will produce intermittent movement. Of course, it can also be: first, when the first permanent magnet 2 is facing the second permanent magnet 23, a part of the multiple movable pieces will produce a movement with a first swing angle A1; then, when the first permanent magnet 1 is facing the second permanent magnet 23, another part of the multiple movable pieces will produce a movement with a second swing angle A2, so that the multiple movable pieces 29 will produce intermittent movement.

[0078] In this way, by setting the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3, the magnetic field force of the plurality of first permanent magnets 22, the number of first permanent magnets 1, the number of first permanent magnets 2, the number of second permanent magnets, the first swing angle and the second swing amplitude generated by the movement of the plurality of movable pieces can be controlled as a whole, and then the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 can be formed. By setting the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3, the coolant can be affected by the movable blades in the cooling channel, so that the flow direction and speed of the coolant are constantly changing, forming a complex flow field, greatly enhancing the turbulence of the coolant fluid, and making the heat more efficiently transferred from the shaft and the bearing seat to the coolant. It should be noted that when the workpiece to be welded is subjected to electron beam welding for multiple times, the heat of the shaft can be transferred to the bearing seat, and the shaft can also be partially cooled indirectly accordingly.

[0079] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding method also includes: a wedge coefficient T, a plurality of push rods 24 include a first push rod, a second push rod and a wedge coefficient T, the first push rod includes a first wedge portion, the second push rod includes a second wedge portion, when the first wedge portion slides along the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20, when the second wedge portion slides along the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20, the wedge coefficient T is: T=B1 / B2, satisfying: T+M3≤M2+3, wherein B1 is the wedge angle of the first wedge portion, and B2 is the wedge angle of the second wedge portion.

[0080] In the present application, multiple push rods 24 include a first push rod and a second push rod, the first push rod includes a first wedge-shaped portion, and the second push rod includes a second wedge-shaped portion. When the first wedge-shaped portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20, and when the second wedge-shaped portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity 21, the rack 26 slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20. A roller can be provided on the side of the rack close to the wedge-shaped portion, and the roller can move along the first wedge-shaped portion and the second wedge-shaped portion, so that the rack 26 can slide axially along the heat dissipation ring plate 20 more conveniently; the wedge angle of the first wedge-shaped portion is B1, and the wedge angle of the first wedge-shaped portion is B2, which can be understood as the angle between the plane where the first wedge-shaped portion is located and the radial plane where the heat dissipation ring plate is located, and the angle between the plane where the second wedge-shaped portion is located and the radial plane where the heat dissipation ring plate is located.

[0081] By setting the wedge coefficient T and T+M3≤≤M2+3, the overall design of the wedge angle B1 of the first wedge portion, the first swing angle A1, the wedge angle B2 of the second wedge portion, and the second swing angle A2 can be appropriately controlled simultaneously, and the difference between the wedge angles of the first wedge portion and the second wedge portion can be appropriately controlled. At the same time, the overall amplitude of the first swing angle A1 and the second swing angle A2 can also be appropriately controlled, and then the influence of the movement of multiple movable sheets on the flow of coolant can be appropriately controlled, so as to appropriately control the stability and reliability of the operation of the electron beam welding device.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first motion control coefficient M1, the wedge coefficient T, and the third motion control coefficient M3 satisfy: |M1-T|+|M3-T|≥2 / 3.

[0083] In the present application, after the number of the first permanent magnets 1 and the number of the first permanent magnets 2 is P, and the number of the second permanent magnets is N, the first motion control coefficient M1, the wedge coefficient T, and the third motion control coefficient M3 can be considered. Because the applicant found that the first motion control coefficient M1 and the wedge coefficient T will be related to the third motion control coefficient M3, which will directly affect the flow of the coolant; further, when the wedge coefficient T is initially determined, for example, T≥1, when |M1-T|+|M3-T|≥2 / 3 is satisfied, the first motion control coefficient M1 and the third motion control coefficient M3 will be appropriately larger, even if a large amplitude difference can be generated when multiple movable pieces move, which is conducive to the active flow of the coolant in the cooling chamber, and thus the turbulence of the coolant can be increased.

[0084] Step S400: Check the welding quality of the workpiece after N electron beam weldings are completed to determine whether further processing is required.

[0085] After N electron beam weldings of the workpiece to be welded are completed, the weld quality of the workpiece to be welded can be checked to determine whether it needs to be processed again to ensure that the welding quality meets the requirements. If it needs to be processed again, the welded workpiece after the welding in step S300 is heat treated or machined again.

[0086] In the electron beam welding method applied in the present invention, the electron beam welding can be repeated for multiple times after the workpiece to be welded is rotated to complete N electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded. The welding quality after the N electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded is checked to determine whether it needs to be processed again. During the first, second,..., Nth electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, the cooling channel at least includes a cooling interface, a cooling chamber and a heat exchanger arranged inside the bearing seat. When the movable sheet of the heat exchanger moves, it will destroy the original flow path of the coolant, so that the coolant flows inside the cooling chamber. Multiple movable sheets move at different speeds, so that the coolant flow will produce irregular motion. The coolant moves turbulently in the cooling channel, the turbulence degree is increased, the heat exchange area is expanded, the heat exchange uniformity is improved, and the dirt and impurity deposition is reduced. At the same time, it can also effectively reduce the temperature of the bearing seat during operation and extend the service life of the bearing seat.

[0087] The present invention and its implementation methods are described above, but such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one implementation method of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in this field are inspired by it and design structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0088] The basic principle of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be pointed out that the advantages, strengths, effects, etc. mentioned in the present invention are only examples and not limitations, and it cannot be considered that these advantages, strengths, effects, etc. must be possessed by each embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the specific details of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of illustration and facilitation of understanding, rather than limitation, and the above details do not limit the present invention to being implemented by adopting the above specific details.

[0089] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference to a figure in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0090] In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. The multiple units stated in the system claim can also be implemented by one unit through software or hardware. Finally, it should be noted that the above description has been given for the purpose of illustration and description. In addition, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electron beam welding device, characterized in that: It includes a bearing seat, a rotating shaft extending along its axial direction is installed inside the bearing seat, and a rotor, a heat insulation disc, a separation sleeve and an adapter disc are connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft from bottom to top; A quartz bell jar is arranged outside the rotating shaft, a sealing gasket is arranged on the top surface of the bearing seat, the bottom of the quartz bell jar is at least partially embedded in the inside of the sealing gasket, and a stator corresponding to the rotor is arranged on the quartz bell jar; The vacuum flow channel at least includes an air extraction channel opened on the bottom surface of the bearing seat, a first air channel extending along the axial direction of the shaft is opened inside the rotating shaft, the bottom of the first air channel penetrates the bottom wall of the rotating shaft and corresponds to the air extraction channel, and a second air channel extending along the radial direction of the shaft is opened inside the rotating shaft extending to the top of the bearing seat, and the second air channel is connected to the first air channel; The cooling channel at least includes a cooling chamber located inside the bearing seat and opened along the axial direction of the bearing seat, and a cooling interface opened on the bottom wall of the bearing seat and connected to the cooling chamber. The cooling chamber is also equipped with a heat exchanger for cooling; The heat exchange member includes a plurality of heat dissipation ring sheets, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along the inner wall of the cooling chamber; the heat dissipation ring sheets are provided with openings through them, a rotating column is installed inside the opening, and a movable sheet capable of at least partially blocking the opening is installed on the rotating column; the plurality of movable sheets are rotatably connected to the heat dissipation ring sheets, and a driving member is arranged inside the bearing seat, and is used to drive the rotating column to rotate when the rotating shaft rotates, thereby driving the movable sheet to move, so that the coolant inside the cooling chamber flows, and the flow of the coolant will generate turbulent motion; The driving member includes a gear fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating column; a rack arranged inside the cooling chamber and sliding axially along the heat dissipation ring sheet, and the gear is meshed and connected with the rack; an annular cavity is opened inside the bearing seat, and a push rod which can slide radially thereof is arranged inside the annular cavity, one end of the push rod extends to the inside of the cooling chamber and abuts against the bottom of the rack, and the other end of the push rod is connected to a first permanent magnet; a plurality of second permanent magnets are distributed circumferentially along the outer wall of the lower part of the rotating shaft, and the second permanent magnets and the first permanent magnets repel each other magnetically; a support spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the push rod, one end of which is connected to the side wall of the first permanent magnet, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the annular cavity; a reset spring is connected to the top end of the rack, and the top end of the reset spring is connected to the inner top wall of the cooling chamber.

2. An electron beam welding device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The electron beam welding device also includes: a first motion control coefficient M1, a second motion control coefficient M2 and a third motion control coefficient M3, a plurality of movable pieces include a first swing angle A1 and a second swing angle A2, a plurality of first permanent magnets include a first permanent magnet 1 and a first permanent magnet 2, the first permanent magnet 1 and the first permanent magnet 2 are distributed in annular intervals in sequence, the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 are respectively: M1=MF1 / MF2, M2=P / N, M3=A1 / A2, and satisfy: M1+M2+M3≥3.0; wherein MF1 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet 1 and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, MF2 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet 2 and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, P is the number of the first permanent magnet 1 or the number of the first permanent magnet 2, N is the number of the second permanent magnets, A1 is the first swing angle generated by the movement of a part of the plurality of movable pieces, and A2 is the second swing angle generated by the movement of another part of the plurality of movable pieces.

3. An electron beam welding device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of push rods include a first push rod, a second push rod and a wedge coefficient T, wherein the first push rod includes a first wedge portion, and the second push rod includes a second wedge portion, and when the first wedge portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity, the rack slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate; when the second wedge portion slides in the radial direction of the annular cavity, the rack slides axially along the heat dissipation ring plate; the wedge coefficient T is: T=B1 / B2, satisfying: T+M3≤M2+3, wherein B1 is the wedge angle of the first wedge portion, and B2 is the wedge angle of the second wedge portion.

4. An electron beam welding device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The first motion control coefficient M1, the wedge coefficient T, and the third motion control coefficient M3 satisfy: |M1-T|+|M3-T|≥2 / 3; the rotating shaft is connected with a spacer ring, a pressure cover and a sealed bearing, and the rotating shaft is connected to the bearing seat through the spacer ring, the pressure cover and the sealed bearing; an annular embedding groove is provided on the top surface of the bearing seat, and the sealing gasket is arranged on the groove surface of the annular embedding groove, the quartz bell cover is a sleeve structure with an open bottom and a blocked top, and the bottom of the quartz bell cover is at least partially embedded in the interior of the annular embedding groove; and / or, a plurality of heat-insulating discs are equidistantly distributed along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, a plurality of separation sleeves are arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and a retaining spring is also arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the separation sleeve and the heat-insulating disc can be fixed to the rotating shaft at least by the retaining spring; a thin column structure is formed on the upper part of the rotating shaft, the thin column structure is located above the heat-insulating disc and the separation sleeve, and a threaded blind hole extending to the inside of the rotating shaft is provided on the top of the thin column structure, and the internal thread of the threaded blind hole is connected with a screw, and the adapter plate is connected to the rotating shaft by the screw.

5. An electron beam welding method, using the electron beam welding device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S100: The workpiece to be welded is mounted on a transfer plate of an electron beam welding device through a fixture. The workpiece to be welded includes N weld areas, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2: Step S200: evacuating the electron beam welding device through a vacuum flow channel; Step S300: Repeat N times to perform electron beam welding after the workpiece to be welded is rotated. During the first, second, ..., Nth electron beam welding of the workpiece to be welded, the electron beam welding device is partially cooled to complete the electron beam welding of N weld areas of the workpiece to be welded.

6. An electron beam welding method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The electron beam welding method also includes: a first motion control coefficient M1, a second motion control coefficient M2 and a third motion control coefficient M3, a plurality of movable pieces include a first swing angle A1 and a second swing angle A2, a plurality of first permanent magnets include a first permanent magnet 1 and a first permanent magnet 2, the first permanent magnet 1 and the first permanent magnet 2 are distributed in annular intervals in sequence, the first motion control coefficient M1, the second motion control coefficient M2 and the third motion control coefficient M3 are respectively: M1=MF1 / MF2, M2=P / N, M3=A1 / A2, and satisfy: M1+M2+M3≥3.0; wherein MF1 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet 1 and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, MF2 is the magnetic repulsion when the first permanent magnet 2 and the second permanent magnet are facing each other, P is the number of the first permanent magnet 1 or the number of the first permanent magnet 2, N is the number of the second permanent magnets, A1 is the first swing angle generated by the movement of a part of the plurality of movable pieces, and A2 is the second swing angle generated by the movement of another part of the plurality of movable pieces.

7. An electron beam welding method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The simultaneous partial cooling of the electron beam welding device includes: when the rotating shaft rotates, the second permanent magnet installed on the outer wall of the lower end of the rotating shaft will rotate synchronously with the rotating shaft, and when the second permanent magnet is directly opposite to the first permanent magnet, the magnetic repulsion between the second permanent magnet and the first permanent magnet will push the first permanent magnet to slide along the inner wall of the annular cavity, and the first permanent magnet will drive the push rod to slide toward the inside of the cooling chamber during the sliding process, and the push rod pushes the rack to make the rack slide axially along the inner wall of the cooling chamber. During the sliding process of the rack, the gear meshing with the rack will be driven to rotate, and the gear drives the rotating column to rotate, thereby making the movable sheet follow the rotating column to move on the heat dissipation ring sheet, and when the movable sheet moves, the movable sheet will destroy the original flow path of the coolant, so that the coolant flows inside the cooling chamber.

8. An electron beam welding method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The step S300 also includes a step S400: inspecting the welding quality of the workpiece after N electron beam weldings are completed to determine whether further processing is required.

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