Switching power supply, driving module and electrical system

Abstract

The invention provides a switching power supply, a driving module and an electrical system, relates to the technical field of electronics, and is used for reducing the voltage stress of the primary side of a transformer and improving the safety, reliability, anti-interference performance and the like of the switching power supply. The switching power supply comprises an input and control circuit, a voltage conversion circuit and a voltage regulation circuit, the input and control circuit is coupled with the voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit is coupled with the voltage regulation circuit; the voltage conversion circuit comprises a blocking circuit, a first transformer and a first rectifying circuit, and the first transformer comprises a first primary winding and a first secondary winding; the first end and the second end of the blocking circuit are respectively coupled with the two ends of the first primary winding, and the two ends of the first secondary winding are respectively coupled with the first end and the second end of the first rectifying circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to a switching power supply, a drive module and an electrical system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of power devices such as silicon carbide SiC transistors and gallium nitride GaN transistors, gate drivers have increasingly higher requirements for the isolation, accuracy and stability of power supplies. As a type of power supply, switching power supplies have the characteristics of small size, light weight and high conversion efficiency, and are therefore widely used in the power supply of gate drivers.

[0003] At present, the primary side of the transformer in the switching power supply is usually turned on and off by a single metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), which can be referred to as a MOS tube. During the operation of the switching power supply, since the current on the primary winding of the transformer cannot change suddenly, a leakage inductance spike voltage will be generated at the moment when the MOS tube is turned on and off. This voltage is superimposed on the input voltage of the primary side, which will cause a high voltage stress on the primary side, thereby causing a series of problems such as safety, reliability and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a switching power supply, a drive module and an electrical system for reducing the voltage stress on the primary side of the transformer, improving the safety, reliability and anti-interference of the switching power supply, etc.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, a switching power supply is provided, comprising: an input and control circuit, a voltage conversion circuit and a voltage regulation circuit, wherein the input and control circuit is coupled to the voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit is coupled to the voltage regulation circuit; wherein the voltage conversion circuit comprises: a DC isolation circuit, a first transformer and a first rectifier circuit, the first transformer comprising a first primary winding and a first secondary winding; the first end and the second end of the DC isolation circuit are respectively coupled to the two ends of the first primary winding, and the two ends of the first secondary winding are respectively coupled to the first end and the second end of the first rectifier circuit.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the switching power supply includes an input and control circuit, a voltage conversion circuit and a voltage regulation circuit. The voltage conversion circuit is coupled with the input and control circuit and the voltage regulation circuit. The voltage conversion circuit includes a DC isolation circuit. The DC isolation circuit can be used to isolate the DC component, reduce the reflected voltage or leakage inductance peak voltage of the primary side of the transformer, thereby reducing the voltage stress of the primary side of the transformer, improving the safety, reliability and anti-interference of the switching power supply, etc. At the same time, it can also reduce the magnetic flux density of the transformer, increase the current change rate of the primary winding, thereby increasing the range of the output voltage.

[0008] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the DC isolation circuit includes: a first triode, a second triode and a first capacitor; wherein the base of the first triode is coupled to the base of the second triode, one electrode of the first triode, one electrode of the second triode and one end of the first capacitor are coupled, the other end of the first capacitor serves as the first end of the DC isolation circuit, and the other electrode of the second triode serves as the second end of the DC isolation circuit. In the above possible implementation, the first capacitor can be used to isolate the DC component, reduce the energy of the DC component on the transformer, and reduce the voltage stress. At the same time, the first triode and the second triode provide two paths for charging and discharging, thus providing paths for the reverse current of the primary side of the transformer and the discharge of the first capacitor, thereby reducing the voltage stress.

[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the voltage regulating circuit includes: a first positive voltage regulating circuit and a first negative voltage regulating circuit corresponding to the first rectifier circuit; the first end of the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the first end of the first negative voltage regulating circuit are coupled to the first end and the third end of the first rectifier circuit respectively, and the second end of the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the second end of the first negative voltage regulating circuit are both coupled to the ground end. In the above possible implementation, the voltage regulating circuit can output a stable first positive voltage and a first negative voltage respectively through the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the first negative voltage regulating circuit, and can flexibly adjust the first positive voltage and the first negative voltage.

[0010] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, any circuit in the first positive voltage regulation circuit or the first negative voltage regulation circuit includes: a potentiometer, a first resistor, a reference voltage source, and a second capacitor; the adjustment end of the potentiometer, the positive electrode of the reference voltage source, and one end of the second capacitor are coupled and serve as the first end of the first positive voltage regulation circuit or the first end of the first negative voltage regulation circuit, one end of the potentiometer, one end of the first resistor, and the reference voltage end of the reference voltage source are coupled, the other end of the potentiometer is suspended, and the other end of the first resistor, the negative electrode of the reference voltage source, and the other end of the second capacitor are all coupled to the ground end and serve as the second end of the first positive voltage regulation circuit or the second end of the first negative voltage regulation circuit. In the above possible implementation, the first positive voltage regulation circuit or the first negative voltage regulation circuit can output a stable voltage through a potentiometer and a reference voltage source, and can flexibly adjust the output voltage.

[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first rectifier circuit includes: a third capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, and a fourth capacitor; wherein one end of the third capacitor serves as the first end of the first rectifier circuit, the other end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the first diode, and the anode of the second diode are coupled, the cathode of the second diode and one end of the fourth capacitor are coupled and serve as the third end of the first rectifier circuit, and the anode of the first diode and the other end of the fourth capacitor are coupled as the second end of the first rectifier circuit. In the above possible implementation, the first rectifier circuit can be used to achieve rectification, freewheeling, and energy storage.

[0012] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the first transformer further includes a second secondary winding, and the voltage conversion circuit further includes a second rectifier circuit; wherein both ends of the second secondary winding are coupled to a first end and a second end of the second rectifier circuit. In the above possible implementation, the energy of the first primary winding can be divided into two paths by the first secondary winding and the second secondary winding of the first transformer, so that the switching power supply can provide output voltages of two channels.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the voltage regulating circuit further includes: a second positive voltage regulating circuit and a second negative voltage regulating circuit corresponding to the second rectifier circuit; the first end of the second positive voltage regulating circuit and the first end of the second negative voltage regulating circuit are coupled to the first end and the third end of the second rectifier circuit respectively, and the second end of the second positive voltage regulating circuit and the second end of the second negative voltage regulating circuit are both coupled to the ground end. In the above possible implementation, the voltage regulating circuit can output a stable second positive voltage and a second negative voltage respectively through the second positive voltage regulating circuit and the second negative voltage regulating circuit, and can flexibly adjust the second positive voltage and the second negative voltage, so that the switching power supply can provide output voltages of two channels.

[0014] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the number of turns of the first primary winding is greater than the number of turns of the first secondary winding; or, the number of turns of the first primary winding is greater than the number of turns of the second secondary winding. In the above possible implementations, by setting the number of turns of the first primary winding to be greater than the number of turns of the first secondary winding, or the number of turns of the first primary winding to be greater than the number of turns of the second secondary winding, the first transformer can achieve a boosting function.

[0015] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the voltage conversion circuit further includes a second transformer and a third rectifier circuit, the second transformer includes a second primary winding and a third secondary winding; the first end of the second primary winding is coupled to the first end of the first primary winding, the second end of the second primary winding is coupled to the ground end, and the two ends of the third secondary winding are coupled to the first end and the second end of the third rectifier circuit. In the above possible implementation, the input energy can be divided into more paths through the second transformer and the third rectifier circuit, so that the switching power supply can provide output voltages of more channels.

[0016] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the input and control circuit includes: a fifth capacitor and a pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit; wherein two ends of the fifth capacitor are used to receive an input voltage, and the PWM control circuit is coupled to a third end of the DC isolation circuit. In the above possible implementation, the operation of the DC isolation circuit can be controlled by the PWM control circuit.

[0017] In a second aspect, a driving module is provided, which includes: a gate driver, and a switching power supply provided by the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the switching power supply is used to power the gate driver.

[0018] In a third aspect, an electrical system is provided, the electrical system comprising: a power device, and a driving module as provided in the second aspect, the driving module being used to drive the power device.

[0019] It can be understood that the beneficial effects that can be achieved by any of the drive modules and electrical systems provided above can correspond to the beneficial effects of the switching power supply provided above, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a part of the circuit in a switching power supply;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a switching power supply;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of another switching power supply;

[0023] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of another switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of another switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of another switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of another switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of another switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a power supply solution for a driver board of an HPD module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a power supply solution for a driving board of a SiC MOS tube provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a power supply scheme for an IGBT driver board provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In the present embodiment, each circuit, software or other component may be described or referred to as being "used to" perform one or more tasks. In this case, "used to" is used to imply structure or function by indicating that the circuit / software / component includes structure (e.g., circuit system) that performs one or more tasks during operation. Therefore, even when the specified circuit / software / component is not currently operational (e.g., not turned on), the circuit / software / component can be referred to as being used to perform the task.

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, a, b and c; where a, b and c can be single or multiple.

[0036] The embodiments of the present application use words such as "first" and "second" to distinguish objects with similar names, functions or effects. Those skilled in the art will understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order. The term "coupling" is used to indicate electrical connection, including direct connection through a wire or a connection terminal or indirect connection through other devices. Therefore, "coupling" should be regarded as an electronic communication connection in a broad sense. The multiple ground terminals in the embodiments of the present application can be the same ground terminal, for example, the potential of the multiple ground terminals is the same and is 0.

[0037] In this application, the words "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the words "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the related concepts in a concrete way.

[0038] Before introducing the embodiments of the present application, the application scenarios involved in the present application are first introduced and explained.

[0039] With the development of power devices such as silicon carbide SiC transistors and gallium nitride GaN transistors, gate drivers have higher and higher requirements for the isolation, accuracy and stability of power supplies. As a type of power supply, switching power supplies have the characteristics of small size, light weight and high conversion efficiency, and are therefore widely used in the power supply of gate drivers. The following examples list several circuit structures of switching power supplies.

[0040] In one possible example, Figure 1The schematic diagram of the structure of a part of the circuit in a switching power supply is shown, and the part of the circuit includes: a capacitor C0 and a transformer primary circuit, one end of the capacitor C0 and one end of the transformer primary circuit are coupled to the power supply end, the other end of the capacitor C0 and the other end of the transformer primary circuit are coupled to the ground end GND, and the voltage between the power supply end and the ground end GND is the input voltage V. The transformer primary circuit includes: a pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit, a capacitor C1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a diode D, a MOS tube M and a primary winding L of the transformer; one end of the capacitor C1, one end of the resistor R1 and one end of the primary winding are coupled to a first node, the other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the resistor R1 are coupled to the negative electrode of the diode D, the positive electrode of the diode D, the other end of the primary winding and the drain electrode d of the MOS tube M are coupled, the source electrode s of the MOS tube is coupled to the second node through the resistor R2, and the gate electrode of the MOS tube is coupled to the control end of the PWM control circuit.

[0041] During the operation of the switching power supply, since the current on the primary winding L of the transformer cannot change suddenly, a leakage inductance spike voltage will be generated at the moment when the MOS tube M is turned on and off. This voltage is superimposed on the primary input voltage V, which will cause the primary voltage stress to be high, usually causing the voltage stress to be 3 times or more of the input voltage, thereby causing a series of problems such as safety, reliability and electromagnetic interference (EMI). In addition, in the switching power supply, the selection of primary device specifications needs to be much higher than the parameter requirements when the circuit is in steady state, resulting in high device costs.

[0042] In another possible example, Figure 2The schematic diagram of the structure of a switching power supply is shown, and the switching power supply includes: a control circuit, a first transformer with coils L1 to L3, a second transformer with coils L4 to L6, diodes D1 and D2, capacitors C1 to C6, resistors R1 and R2, and voltage-stabilizing diodes D3 and D4. Among them, one end of the control circuit, one end of the coil L1, and one end of the coil L4 are coupled to the power supply end, the other end of the control circuit, the other end of the coil L1, and the other end of the coil L4 are coupled, one end of the coil L2 is used to output a feedback voltage Vfb, and the other end of the coil L2 is coupled to the ground end GND, and the voltage between the power supply end and the ground end GND is the input voltage V; one end of the coil L3 is coupled to the positive electrode of the diode D1, the capacitor C1 is coupled between the negative electrode of the diode D1 and the other end of the coil L3, the resistor R1 and the capacitor C3 are coupled in parallel between the negative electrode of the diode D1 and the ground end GND1, and the voltage-stabilizing diode D3 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1. The resistor R2 and the capacitor C5 are coupled in parallel between the ground terminal GND1 and the other end of the coil L3, the voltage across the capacitor C3 is +V1, and the voltage across the capacitor C4 is -V1; the two ends of the coil L5 are suspended, one end of the coil L6 is coupled with the positive electrode of the diode D2, the capacitor C2 is coupled between the negative electrode of the diode D2 and the other end of the coil L6, the resistor R2 and the capacitor C5 are coupled in parallel between the negative electrode of the diode D2 and the ground terminal GND2, the voltage-stabilizing diode D4 and the capacitor C6 are coupled in parallel between the ground terminal GND2 and the other end of the coil L6, the voltage across the capacitor C5 is +V2, and the voltage across the capacitor C6 is -V2.

[0043] In this example, the switching power supply adopts primary feedback in the feedback design, that is, feedback is performed through coil L2 at the primary side of the first transformer, and the voltage difference between +V1 and -V1, and the voltage difference between +V2 and -V2 can be specifically controlled by the feedback voltage Vfb. However, the primary feedback does not take into account the magnetic loss of the transformer and the loss of the circuit such as the diode, and is greatly affected by parasitic parameters, so that the accuracy of the output voltage (i.e., +V1, -V1, V2 and -V2) has a certain error. In addition, the negative voltage at the output end (i.e., -V1 and -V2) is achieved through a voltage stabilizing diode, which has the problem of poor scalability and debuggability.

[0044] In another possible example, Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of a switching power supply is shown. The switching power supply includes a power chip 1 and a power chip 2, wherein two input terminals of the power chip 1 and two input terminals of the power chip 2 are coupled to a power terminal and a ground terminal GND respectively, the power chip 1 is used to output voltages +V1 and -V1 relative to the ground terminal GND1, and the power chip 2 is used to output voltages +V2 and -V2 relative to the ground terminal GND2.

[0045] In this example, the power chip is relatively large, which will impose certain constraints on the single-board design, and the cost of the power chip is relatively high, making the cost of the switching power supply much greater than that of a switching power supply built with discrete devices. In addition, the voltage output by the power chip is usually a fixed value, and different models of switching power supplies have different output voltages. In this way, the output voltage can only be adapted by selecting the model of the power chip, and the output voltage cannot be adjusted, resulting in poor scalability.

[0046] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a switching power supply, which includes an input and control circuit, a voltage conversion circuit and a voltage regulation circuit. The voltage conversion circuit is coupled with the input and control circuit and the voltage regulation circuit. The voltage conversion circuit includes a DC isolation circuit. The DC isolation circuit can be used to isolate the DC component, reduce the reflected voltage and leakage inductance peak voltage of the primary side of the transformer, thereby reducing the voltage stress of the primary side of the transformer, and improving the safety, reliability and anti-interference of the switching power supply.

[0047] The technical solution of the present application can be applied to various electronic devices or components of electronic devices. Optionally, the electronic device may include a vehicle, a vehicle-mounted device, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a mobile internet device (MID), a camera, a wearable device, an audio device, an audio and video player, a set-top box, a game console, a printer, a mouse, a keyboard, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a smart home device or an intelligent robot, etc. Among them, the vehicle may include but is not limited to: a road vehicle, a water vehicle, an air vehicle, an industrial equipment, an agricultural equipment, or an entertainment device, etc. The vehicle can be a vehicle in a broad sense, for example, the vehicle can be a vehicle (such as a commercial vehicle, a passenger car, a car, an electric car, a ship, a flight, a train, a high-speed rail, etc.), an industrial vehicle (such as a forklift, a trailer, a tractor, etc.), an engineering vehicle (such as an excavator, a bulldozer, a crane, etc.), an agricultural equipment (such as a mower, a harvester, etc.), an amusement equipment, a toy vehicle, etc. Optionally, the vehicle may be a new energy vehicle, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or the like.

[0048] The structure of the electronic device is described below by taking a vehicle as an example.

[0049] Figure 4A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided for an embodiment of the present application, the vehicle may have an automatic driving function. In one possible embodiment, the vehicle is configured to be in a fully or partially automatic driving mode. For example, the vehicle controls itself while in the automatic driving mode, and can determine the current state of the vehicle and its surrounding environment through human operation, determine the possible behavior of at least one other vehicle in the surrounding environment, and determine the confidence level corresponding to the possibility of the other vehicle performing the possible behavior, and control the vehicle based on the determined information. When the vehicle is in the automatic driving mode, the vehicle can be set to operate without human interaction. In another embodiment, the vehicle can be a vehicle with a P gear locking mechanism canceled, and / or a vehicle that supports a remote parking assist (RPB) function.

[0050] The vehicle may include various subsystems, such as a travel system 102, a sensor system 104, a control system 106, one or more peripheral devices 108, and a power source 110, a computer system 112, and a user interface 116. Optionally, the vehicle may include more or fewer subsystems, and each subsystem may include multiple elements. In addition, each subsystem and element of the vehicle may be interconnected by wire or wirelessly.

[0051] The travel system 102 may include components that provide powered movement for the vehicle. In one embodiment, the travel system 102 may include an engine 118, an energy source 119, a transmission 120, and wheels 121 (or tires). The engine 118 may be an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, an air compression engine, or a combination of other types of engines, such as a hybrid engine consisting of a gasoline engine and an electric motor, or a hybrid engine consisting of an internal combustion engine and an air compression engine. The engine 118 converts the energy source 119 into mechanical energy.

[0052] Examples of energy source 119 include gasoline, diesel, other petroleum-based fuels, propane, other compressed gas-based fuels, ethanol, solar panels, batteries, and other sources of electricity. Energy source 119 may also provide energy to other systems of the vehicle.

[0053] The transmission 120 can transmit mechanical power from the engine 118 to the wheels 121. The transmission 120 may include a gearbox, a differential, and a drive shaft. In some embodiments, the transmission 120 may also include other devices, such as a clutch. Among them, the drive shaft may include one or more shafts that can be coupled to one or more wheels 121.

[0054] The sensor system 104 may include several sensors that sense information about the environment surrounding the vehicle. For example, the sensor system 104 may include a positioning system 122 (the positioning system may be a global positioning system (GPS) system, or a Beidou system or other positioning system), an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 124, a radar 126, a laser rangefinder 128, and a camera 130. The sensor system 104 may also include sensors of the internal systems of the monitored vehicle (e.g., an in-vehicle air quality monitor, a fuel gauge, an oil temperature gauge, etc.). Sensor data from one or more of these sensors may be used to detect objects and their corresponding characteristics (position, shape, direction, speed, etc.). This detection and recognition is a key function for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles.

[0055] Positioning system 122 can be used to estimate the geographic location of the vehicle. IMU 124 is used to sense the position and orientation changes of the vehicle based on inertial acceleration. In some embodiments, IMU 124 can be a combination of an accelerometer and a gyroscope.

[0056] Radar 126 can utilize radio signals to sense objects within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. In some embodiments, in addition to sensing objects, radar 126 can also be used to sense the speed and / or heading of the object.

[0057] The laser rangefinder 128 may utilize laser light to sense objects in the environment that the vehicle is located in. In some embodiments, the laser rangefinder 128 may include one or more laser sources, a laser scanner, and one or more detectors, among other system components.

[0058] The camera 130 may be used to capture multiple images of the vehicle's surroundings. The camera 130 may be a still camera or a video camera.

[0059] The control system 106 controls the operation of the vehicle and its components. The control system 106 may include various elements, including a steering system 132 , a throttle 134 , a braking system 136 , a sensor fusion algorithm 138 , a computer vision system 140 , a path control system 142 , and an obstacle avoidance system 144 .

[0060] The steering system 132 is operable to adjust the vehicle's forward direction. For example, in one embodiment, the steering system 132 can be a steering wheel system.

[0061] The throttle 134 is used to control the operating speed of the engine 118 and, in turn, the speed of the vehicle.

[0062] The braking system 136 is a system for applying a certain braking force to the wheel 121, thereby forcing it to brake to a certain extent. The function of the braking system 136 is to force the moving vehicle to slow down or even stop according to the requirements of the driver or the controller, or to park the stopped vehicle stably under various road conditions (for example, on a ramp), or to keep the speed of the vehicle traveling downhill stable. In one embodiment, the braking system 136 can use friction to slow down the wheel 121. In other embodiments, the braking system 136 can convert the kinetic energy of the wheel 121 into electric current, and the braking system 136 can also take other forms to slow down the rotation speed of the wheel 121 to control the speed of the vehicle.

[0063] The computer vision system 140 can be operated to process and analyze the images captured by the camera 130 in order to identify objects and / or features in the vehicle's surrounding environment. The objects and / or features may include traffic signs, road boundaries, and obstacles. The computer vision system 140 may use object recognition algorithms, structure from motion (SFM) algorithms, video tracking, and other computer vision techniques. In some embodiments, the computer vision system 140 can be used to map the environment, track objects, estimate the speed of objects, and the like.

[0064] The route control system 142 is used to determine the driving route of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the route control system 142 can combine data from the sensors 138, GPS 122, and one or more predetermined maps to determine the driving route for the vehicle.

[0065] The obstacle avoidance system 144 is used to identify, evaluate, and avoid or otherwise negotiate potential obstacles in the vehicle's environment.

[0066] Of course, in one example, the control system 106 may include additional or alternative components other than those shown and described, or may also reduce some of the components shown above.

[0067] The vehicle interacts with external sensors, other vehicles, other computer systems, or users through peripherals 108. Peripherals 108 may include a wireless communication system 146, an onboard computer 148, a microphone 150, and / or a speaker 152.

[0068] In some embodiments, the peripheral devices 108 provide a means for a user of the vehicle to interact with the user interface 116. For example, the onboard computer 148 can provide information to the user of the vehicle. The user interface 116 can also operate the onboard computer 148 to receive input from the user. The onboard computer 148 can be operated via a touch screen. In other cases, the peripheral devices 108 can provide a means for the vehicle to communicate with other devices located in the vehicle. For example, the microphone 150 can receive audio (e.g., voice commands or other audio input) from the user of the vehicle. Similarly, the speaker 152 can output audio to the user of the vehicle.

[0069] The wireless communication system 146 can communicate wirelessly with one or more devices directly or via a communication network. For example, the wireless communication system 146 can use 3G cellular communication, such as code division multiple access (code division multiple access, CDMA), EVDO, global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) / general packet radio service technology (general packet radio service, GPRS), or 4G cellular communication, such as long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE), or 5G cellular communication. The wireless communication system 146 can use WiFi to communicate with a wireless local area network (wireless local area network, WLAN). In some embodiments, the wireless communication system 146 can use an infrared link, Bluetooth or ZigBee to communicate directly with the device. Other wireless protocols, such as various vehicle communication systems, for example, the wireless communication system 146 may include one or more dedicated short range communications (dedicated short range communications, DSRC) devices, which may include public and / or private data communications between vehicles and / or roadside stations.

[0070] The power supply 110 can provide power to various components of the vehicle. In one embodiment, the power supply 110 can be a rechargeable lithium-ion or lead-acid battery. One or more battery packs of such a battery can be configured as a power source to provide power to various components of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the power supply 110 and the energy source 119 can be implemented together, such as in some all-electric vehicles. In an embodiment of the present application, the power supply 110 can include a switching power supply, which can also be a flyback power supply; in one example, the switching power supply can be used to power a gate driver in certain systems or components in the vehicle, and the gate driver can also be referred to as a gate driver chip.

[0071] Some or all functions of the vehicle are controlled by a computer system 112. The computer system 112 may include at least one processor 113 that executes instructions 115 stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a memory 114. The computer system 112 may also be a plurality of computing devices that control individual components or subsystems of the vehicle in a distributed manner.

[0072] Processor 113 can be any conventional processor, such as central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor can be a special device such as application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) or other hardware-based processors. Although the figure functionally illustrates the processor, memory, and other elements of the computer in the same block, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the processor, computer, or memory can actually include multiple processors, computers, or memories that may or may not be stored in the same physical shell. For example, the memory can be a hard disk drive or other storage media located in a shell different from the computer. Therefore, references to processors or computers will be understood to include references to a collection of processors or computers or memories that may or may not operate in parallel. Different from using a single processor to perform the steps described herein, some components such as steering components and deceleration components can each have their own processors, and the processors only perform calculations related to the functions specific to the components.

[0073] In various aspects described herein, the processor may be located remote from the vehicle and in wireless communication with the vehicle. In other aspects, some of the processes described herein are performed on a processor disposed within the vehicle and others are performed by a remote processor, including taking the necessary steps to perform a single maneuver.

[0074] In some embodiments, the memory 114 may contain instructions 115 (e.g., program logic) that may be executed by the processor 113 to perform various functions of the vehicle, including those described above. The memory 114 may also contain additional instructions, including instructions to send data to, receive data from, interact with, and / or control one or more of the travel system 102, the sensor system 104, the control system 106, and the peripheral devices 108.

[0075] In addition to the instructions 115, the memory 114 may also store data such as road maps, route information, the vehicle's location, direction, speed, and other such vehicle data, and other information. This information may be used by the vehicle and the computer system 112 during operation of the vehicle in autonomous, semi-autonomous, and / or manual modes.

[0076] The user interface 116 is used to provide information to or receive information from a user of the vehicle. Optionally, the user interface 116 may include one or more input / output devices within the set of peripherals 108, such as a wireless communication system 146, an onboard computer 148, a microphone 150, and a speaker 152.

[0077] Computer system 112 may control functions of the vehicle based on input received from various subsystems (e.g., travel system 102, sensor system 104, and control system 106) and from user interface 116. For example, computer system 112 may utilize input from control system 106 in order to control steering system 132 to avoid obstacles detected by sensor system 104 and obstacle avoidance system 144. In some embodiments, computer system 112 may be operable to provide control over many aspects of the vehicle and its subsystems.

[0078] Optionally, one or more of the above components may be installed or associated with the vehicle separately. For example, the memory 114 may be partially or completely separated from the vehicle. The above components may be communicatively coupled together in a wired and / or wireless manner.

[0079] Optionally, the above components are only an example. In practical applications, the components in the above modules may be added or deleted according to actual needs. The above examples should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present application.

[0080] An autonomous vehicle traveling on a road, such as the vehicle above, can identify objects in its surroundings to determine adjustments to the current speed. The objects can be other vehicles, traffic control devices, or other types of objects. In some examples, each identified object can be considered independently, and based on the object's respective characteristics, such as its current speed, acceleration, spacing from the vehicle, etc., can be used to determine the speed to be adjusted by the autonomous vehicle.

[0081] Optionally, the autonomous vehicle or a computing device associated with the autonomous vehicle (e.g., computer system 112, computer vision system 140, memory 114) can predict the behavior of the identified objects based on the characteristics of the identified objects and the state of the surrounding environment (e.g., traffic, rain, ice on the road, etc.). Optionally, each of the identified objects depends on the behavior of each other, so all of the identified objects can also be considered together to predict the behavior of a single identified object. The vehicle can adjust its speed based on the predicted behavior of the identified objects. In other words, the autonomous vehicle can determine what stable state the vehicle will need to adjust to (e.g., accelerate, decelerate, or stop) based on the predicted behavior of the objects. In this process, other factors can also be considered to determine the speed of the vehicle, such as the lateral position of the vehicle in the road it is traveling on, the curvature of the road, the proximity of static and dynamic objects, etc.

[0082] In addition to providing instructions to adjust the speed of the autonomous vehicle, the computing device may also provide instructions to modify the steering angle of the vehicle so that the autonomous vehicle follows a given trajectory and / or maintains a safe lateral and longitudinal distance from objects near the autonomous vehicle (e.g., cars in adjacent lanes on the road).

[0083] Understandably, Figure 4 The structure of the vehicle shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation of the vehicle, and may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange the components differently.

[0084] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a switching power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application. The switching power supply includes: an input and control circuit, a voltage conversion circuit and a voltage regulation circuit, wherein the input and control circuit is coupled to the voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit is coupled to the voltage regulation circuit. Exemplarily, the first end and the second end of the input and control circuit are coupled to the first end and the second end of the voltage conversion circuit one by one, respectively, the third end of the input and control circuit and the third end of the voltage conversion circuit are coupled to the ground end, and the fourth end and the fifth end of the voltage conversion circuit are coupled to the first end and the second end of the voltage regulation circuit, respectively.

[0085] In the switching power supply, the input and control circuit can be used to provide an input voltage and a PWM control signal, the voltage conversion circuit can be used to convert the input voltage into a first DC voltage according to the PWM control signal, and the voltage regulation circuit can be used to regulate the first DC voltage to obtain a first output voltage.

[0086] The voltage conversion circuit includes: a DC isolation circuit, a first transformer and a first rectifier circuit, the first transformer includes a first primary winding T1 and a first secondary winding T2; the first end and the second end of the DC isolation circuit are respectively coupled with the two ends of the first primary winding T1, and the two ends of the first secondary winding T2 are respectively coupled with the first end and the second end of the first rectifier circuit. Further, the third end and the fourth end of the DC isolation circuit can be used as the first end and the second end of the voltage conversion circuit, respectively, for coupling with the first end and the second end of the input and control circuit; the second end of the DC isolation circuit can be used as the third end of the voltage conversion circuit, for coupling with the ground end.

[0087] In the voltage conversion circuit, the DC isolation circuit can be used to output a first AC voltage according to the PWM control signal and the input voltage; the first transformer can be used to output a second AC voltage according to the first AC voltage, that is, to convert the first AC voltage into a second AC voltage, and the amplitude of the first AC voltage can be greater than or less than the amplitude of the second AC voltage; the first rectifier circuit can be used to rectify the second AC voltage to obtain a first DC voltage. Specifically, in the process of outputting the first AC voltage, the DC isolation circuit can be used to isolate the DC component, store energy in the positive half cycle of the first AC voltage, release energy in the negative half cycle of the first AC voltage, and reduce the reflected voltage and leakage inductance peak voltage of the primary side of the first transformer, thereby reducing the voltage stress of the primary side of the first transformer.

[0088] Optionally, when the amplitude of the first AC voltage is greater than the amplitude of the second AC voltage, the first transformer is used to boost the voltage, and the number of turns of the first primary winding T1 can be greater than the number of turns of the first secondary winding T2; when the amplitude of the first AC voltage is less than the amplitude of the second AC voltage, the first transformer is used to step down the voltage, and the number of turns of the first primary winding T1 can be less than the number of turns of the first secondary winding T2.

[0089] Alternatively, if Figure 5 As shown, the DC isolation circuit includes: a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2 and a first capacitor C1. The base of the first transistor Q1 and the base of the second transistor Q2 are coupled; one electrode of the first transistor Q1, one electrode of the second transistor Q2 and one end of the first capacitor C1 are coupled, the other end of the first capacitor C1 serves as the first end of the DC isolation circuit, and the other electrode of the second transistor Q2 serves as the second end of the DC isolation circuit. Further, the base of the first transistor Q1 (or the base of the second transistor Q2) can serve as the second end of the DC isolation circuit, the other electrode of the first transistor Q1 can serve as the first end of the DC isolation circuit, and the other end of the second transistor Q2 can serve as the third end of the DC isolation circuit.

[0090] In the DC isolation circuit, the circuit formed by the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 can be called a push-pull circuit. The first capacitor C1 can be used to isolate the DC component, reduce the reflected voltage and leakage inductance peak voltage of the primary side of the first transformer, thereby reducing the voltage stress of the primary side of the first transformer; in addition, the first capacitor C1 also has an energy storage function, so that the voltage across the first capacitor C1 cannot change suddenly, but the current of the first capacitor C1 has a sudden change property, which can increase the current change rate of the first primary winding T1, thereby increasing the secondary output voltage.

[0091] In a possible example, the first transistor Q1 may be an NPN transistor, the second transistor Q2 may be a PNP transistor, and the emitter of the first transistor Q1 may be coupled with the emitter of the second transistor Q2, the collector of the first transistor Q1 may serve as the third end of the DC isolation circuit, and the collector of the second transistor Q2 may serve as the second end of the DC isolation circuit. In practical applications, the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 may also be replaced by other devices with similar functions, such as MOS transistors, etc. The above examples do not limit the embodiments of the present application.

[0092] Furthermore, the voltage regulating circuit in the switching power supply may include a voltage regulating circuit of one or more channels. The voltage regulating circuit of each channel may include a positive voltage regulating circuit and / or a negative voltage regulating circuit, the positive voltage regulating circuit may be used to output a positive voltage, the negative voltage regulating circuit may be used to output a negative voltage, and the voltage regulating circuits of different channels may be used to output different positive voltages and / or negative voltages. In addition, when the voltage regulating circuit includes voltage regulating circuits of multiple channels, the transformer in the voltage conversion circuit may include multiple secondary windings, and / or the voltage conversion circuit includes multiple transformers.

[0093] In a possible embodiment, if the voltage regulating circuit includes a voltage regulating circuit of one channel, such as Figure 6 As shown, the voltage regulating circuit may include: a first positive voltage regulating circuit and a first negative voltage regulating circuit corresponding to the first rectifier circuit. The first end of the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the first end of the first negative voltage regulating circuit are coupled to the first end and the third end of the first rectifier circuit respectively, and the second end of the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the second end of the first negative voltage regulating circuit are both coupled to the ground terminal GND1. In the voltage regulating circuit, the first positive voltage regulating circuit can be used to output a first positive voltage +V1, and the first negative voltage regulating circuit can be used to output a first negative voltage -V1.

[0094] In another possible embodiment, Figure 7As shown, the first transformer also includes a second secondary winding T3, and the voltage conversion circuit also includes a second rectifier circuit; wherein the two ends of the second secondary winding T3 are coupled with the first end and the second end of the second rectifier circuit. Optionally, the number of turns of the first primary winding T1 can be greater than the number of turns of the second secondary winding T3. Further, the voltage regulation circuit also includes: a second positive voltage regulation circuit and a second negative voltage regulation circuit corresponding to the second rectifier circuit. wherein the first end of the second positive voltage regulation circuit and the first end of the second negative voltage regulation circuit are respectively coupled with the first end and the third end of the second rectifier circuit, and the second end of the second positive voltage regulation circuit and the second end of the second negative voltage regulation circuit are both coupled to the ground terminal GND2. In the voltage regulation circuit, the second positive voltage regulation circuit can be used to output a second positive voltage +V2, and the second negative voltage regulation circuit can be used to output a second negative voltage -V2.

[0095] Optionally, any circuit in the positive voltage regulation circuit or the negative voltage regulation circuit (for example, the first positive voltage regulation circuit or the first negative voltage regulation circuit) in the voltage regulation circuit includes: a potentiometer, a first resistor, a reference voltage source and a second capacitor. The adjustment end of the potentiometer, the positive electrode of the reference voltage source and one end of the second capacitor are coupled and serve as the first end of the positive voltage regulation circuit or the first end of the negative voltage regulation circuit, one end of the potentiometer, one end of the first resistor and the reference voltage end of the reference voltage source are coupled, the other end of the potentiometer is suspended, the other end of the first resistor, the negative electrode of the reference voltage source and the other end of the second capacitor are all coupled to the ground end and serve as the second end of the positive voltage regulation circuit or the second end of the negative voltage regulation circuit. Exemplarily, the reference voltage source can be a voltage reference chip.

[0096] As an example, Figure 8 A structural schematic diagram of a switching power supply is shown, in which the voltage regulation circuit in the switching power supply includes a first positive voltage regulation circuit and a first negative voltage regulation circuit as an example for explanation, and the potentiometer, the first resistor, the reference voltage source and the second capacitor in the first positive voltage regulation circuit are represented as R1, R2, U1 and C6 respectively, and the potentiometer, the first resistor, the reference voltage source and the second capacitor in the first negative voltage regulation circuit are represented as R3, R4, U2 and C7 respectively.

[0097] As another example, Fig. 9A structural schematic diagram of another switching power supply is shown, in which the voltage regulating circuit in the switching power supply includes a first positive voltage regulating circuit, a first negative voltage regulating circuit, a second positive voltage regulating circuit and a second negative voltage regulating circuit as an example for explanation, and the potentiometer, the first resistor, the reference voltage source and the second capacitor in the first positive voltage regulating circuit are represented as R1, R2, U1 and C6 respectively, the potentiometer, the first resistor, the reference voltage source and the second capacitor in the first negative voltage regulating circuit are represented as R3, R4, U2 and C7 respectively, the potentiometer, the first resistor, the reference voltage source and the second capacitor in the second positive voltage regulating circuit are represented as R5, R6, U3 and C8 respectively, and the potentiometer, the first resistor, the reference voltage source and the second capacitor in the first negative voltage regulating circuit are represented as R7, R8, U4 and C9 respectively.

[0098] Optionally, a second resistor may be provided between the first end and the second end of the positive voltage regulating circuit of the same channel in the voltage regulating circuit, the first coupling point is the coupling point between the second end of the positive voltage regulating circuit and the second end of the negative voltage regulating circuit of the same channel, and the second resistor may be used to adjust the current between the positive voltage regulating circuit and the negative voltage regulating circuit. Fig. 9 ,like Fig.10 As shown, the voltage regulating circuit further includes second resistors Rr and Rr', wherein the second resistor Rr is coupled between the first end and the second end of the first positive voltage regulating circuit, and the second resistor Rr' is coupled between the first end and the second end of the second positive voltage regulating circuit.

[0099] In some possible embodiments, the rectifier circuit in the voltage conversion circuit (for example, the first rectifier circuit or the second rectifier circuit) may include: a third capacitor, a first diode, a second diode, and a fourth capacitor. One end of the third capacitor serves as the first end of the rectifier circuit, the other end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the first diode, and the anode of the second diode are coupled, the cathode of the second diode and one end of the fourth capacitor are coupled and serve as the third end of the rectifier circuit, and the anode of the first diode and the other end of the fourth capacitor are coupled as the second end of the rectifier circuit.

[0100] As an example, the above Figure 8 In the switching power supply shown in the figure, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first rectifier circuit as an example for explanation, and the third capacitor, the first diode, the second diode and the fourth capacitor in the first rectifier circuit are represented as C2, D1, D2 and C3 respectively. As another example, the above Fig. 9In the switching power supply shown, the voltage conversion circuit includes a first rectifier circuit and a second rectifier circuit as an example for explanation, and the third capacitor, the first diode, the second diode and the fourth capacitor in the first rectifier circuit are represented as C2, D1, D2 and C3 respectively, and the third capacitor, the first diode, the second diode and the fourth capacitor in the second rectifier circuit are represented as C4, D3, D4 and C5 respectively.

[0101] Optionally, a third resistor may be provided between the end of the first primary winding T1 of the first transformer in the voltage conversion circuit away from the first capacitor C1 and the ground terminal to limit the current of the first primary winding T1, that is, the third resistor is used to play a role of current limiting. Fig. 9 As shown, the voltage regulating circuit further includes a third resistor R0, wherein the third resistor R0 is coupled between an end of the first primary winding T1 of the first transformer away from the first capacitor C1 and the ground end.

[0102] In a possible embodiment, Figure 8 or Fig. 9 As shown, the input and control circuit in the switching power supply may include: a fifth capacitor C0 and a PWM control circuit. The two ends of the fifth capacitor C0 are respectively coupled to the power supply end and the ground end, and are used to receive the input voltage V; the control end of the PWM control circuit is coupled to the third end of the DC isolation circuit, and can be used to control the conduction or disconnection of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 in the DC isolation circuit, and the disconnection can also be called cutoff.

[0103] Below Fig. 9 Taking the switching power supply shown as an example, the working principles of the input and control circuit, the voltage conversion circuit and the related devices in the voltage regulation circuit are introduced and explained.

[0104] In the input and control circuit, the fifth capacitor C0 can be used to filter the input voltage V, and the PWM control circuit can be used to control the on or off of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2, for example, controlling the first transistor Q1 to be on and the second transistor Q2 to be off in the positive half cycle, and controlling the first transistor Q1 to be off and the second transistor Q2 to be on in the positive and negative cycles.

[0105] In the voltage conversion circuit, in the positive half cycle, the first transistor Q1 is turned on and the second transistor Q2 is turned off, and the input energy is transmitted to the secondary side of the first transformer through the first capacitor C2 and the first transformer, and then transmitted to the voltage regulation circuit through the capacitor C3 and the diode D2, and then transmitted to the voltage regulation circuit through the capacitor C4 and the diode D4. In the negative half cycle, the first transistor Q1 is turned off and the second transistor Q2 is turned on, the first capacitor C2 releases energy, and the energy is transmitted to the secondary side of the first transformer through the first transformer, and then stored in the capacitor C3 through the diode D1, and stored in the capacitor C5 through the diode D3. Specifically, the conduction and shutdown of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are used to charge and discharge the first capacitor C2 and the first primary winding T1; the first capacitor C2 is used to isolate the DC component to increase the current change rate, and the first capacitor C2 is also used to store energy in the positive half cycle and release energy in the negative half cycle; the first primary winding T1, the first secondary winding T2 and the second secondary winding T3 are used for voltage conversion and energy transfer, for example, for achieving voltage boost; capacitors C3 and C4 are used to store energy in the negative half cycle and transfer it to the voltage regulation circuit in the positive half cycle; diodes D2 and D4 can be rectifier diodes for circuit rectification; diodes D1 and D3 can be freewheeling diodes for energy transfer; capacitors C3 and C4 are used for energy storage and filtering.

[0106] In the voltage regulation circuit, potentiometers R1, R3, R5 and R7 are used to adjust the output voltage value, and resistors R2, R4, R6 and R8 are used for voltage division of reference voltage sources U1, U2, U3 and U4 respectively; reference voltage sources U1, U2, U3 and U4 are used to output reference voltage and stabilize the output voltage value; resistors Rr and Rr' are used for voltage division to play a role in current limiting; capacitors C6, C7, C8 and C9 can be output voltages, used for energy storage and filtering. Specifically, the voltage values ​​of +V1 and +V2 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance values ​​of potentiometers R1 and R5; the voltage values ​​of -V1 and -V2 can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance values ​​of potentiometers R3 and R7.

[0107] The specific structures of the input and control circuit, the rectifier circuit, the positive voltage regulation circuit and the negative voltage regulation circuit in the above embodiments are merely exemplary. In practical applications, the above circuits may also be replaced by other circuits with similar functions, or may be obtained by deformation of the above circuits. The above examples do not constitute a limitation to the embodiments of the present application.

[0108] Further, in a possible embodiment, combined with Figure 6 ,like Fig.10As shown, the voltage conversion circuit may also include a second transformer and a third rectifier circuit, and the second transformer includes a second primary winding T4 and a third secondary winding T5. Among them, the first end of the second primary winding T4 is coupled to the first end of the first primary winding T1, the second end of the second primary winding T4 is coupled to the ground terminal, and the two ends of the third secondary winding T5 are coupled to the first end and the second end of the third rectifier circuit. Optionally, the voltage regulation circuit may include: a third positive voltage regulation circuit and a third negative voltage regulation circuit corresponding to the third rectifier circuit. The first end of the third positive voltage regulation circuit and the first end of the third negative voltage regulation circuit are coupled to the first end and the third end of the third rectifier circuit respectively, and the second end of the third positive voltage regulation circuit and the second end of the third negative voltage regulation circuit are both coupled to the ground terminal GND3. In the voltage regulation circuit, the third positive voltage regulation circuit can be used to output a third positive voltage +V3, and the third negative voltage regulation circuit can be used to output a third negative voltage -V3.

[0109] In another possible embodiment, combining Figure 7 ,like Fig.11 As shown, the second transformer also includes a fourth secondary winding T6, and the voltage conversion circuit also includes a fourth rectifier circuit; wherein the two ends of the fourth secondary winding T6 are coupled to the first end and the second end of the fourth rectifier circuit. Similarly, the voltage regulation circuit also includes: a fourth positive voltage regulation circuit and a fourth negative voltage regulation circuit corresponding to the fourth rectifier circuit. The first end of the fourth positive voltage regulation circuit and the first end of the fourth negative voltage regulation circuit are coupled to the first end and the third end of the fourth rectifier circuit, respectively, and the second end of the fourth positive voltage regulation circuit and the second end of the fourth negative voltage regulation circuit are both coupled to the ground terminal GND4. In the voltage regulation circuit, the fourth positive voltage regulation circuit can be used to output a fourth positive voltage +V4, and the fourth negative voltage regulation circuit can be used to output a fourth negative voltage -V4.

[0110] It is understandable that the above Figures 8 to 11 It is only exemplary. When the switching power supply is used to provide a larger number of positive voltages and / or negative voltages, the switching power supply may also include a larger number of transformers and rectifier circuits, and a larger number of positive voltage regulating circuits and negative voltage regulating circuits, and the specific connection relationship may be similar to the connection relationship between the first transformer, the first rectifier circuit / the second rectifier circuit, and the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the first negative voltage regulating circuit in the above text. Optionally, the larger number of transformers may share the same DC blocking circuit.

[0111] The switching power supply provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to power different driving boards, any of which can include one or more gate drivers, wherein the voltage values ​​output by the switching power supplies powering different driving boards can be the same or different. Optionally, the different driving boards can include, but are not limited to: a driving board for a high power device (HPD) module, a driving board for SiC MOS tube applications, and a driving board for insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) applications, etc.

[0112] In one possible example, Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a power supply scheme for a driving board of an HPD module is shown, wherein the HPD module may include multiple groups of MOS transistors, each of the multiple groups of MOS transistors may include two MOS transistors coupled in series, the multiple groups of MOS transistors may be driven by multiple pairs of gate drivers, and the multiple pairs of gate drivers may be powered by multiple switching power supplies. Fig.12 The HPD module includes three groups of MOS tubes, the three groups of MOS tubes correspond to three pairs of gate drivers and three switching power supplies, and two channels of each switching power supply are used to output the same voltage (ie, +V1 and -V1) as an example for explanation.

[0113] In another possible example, Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a power supply scheme for a driving board of a SiC MOS tube is shown, wherein the SiC MOS tube may include two MOS tubes coupled in series, the two MOS tubes coupled in series may be driven by a pair of gate drivers, and the pair of gate drivers may be powered by a switching power supply. Fig.13 In the example, the two channels of the switching power supply are used to output the same voltage (ie, +V1 and -V1) for explanation.

[0114] In another possible example, Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a power supply scheme for a driving board of an IGBT is shown, wherein the IGBT may include two transistors coupled in series, the two transistors coupled in series may be driven by a pair of gate drivers, and the pair of gate drivers may be powered by a switching power supply. Fig.14 In the example, the two channels of the switching power supply are used to output the same voltage (ie, +V1 and -V1) for explanation.

[0115] In an embodiment of the present application, the voltage conversion circuit in the switching power supply includes a DC isolation circuit, a transformer and a rectifier circuit. The DC isolation circuit can be used to isolate the DC component, reduce the reflected voltage or leakage inductance peak voltage of the primary side of the transformer, thereby reducing the voltage stress of the primary side of the transformer, improving the safety, reliability and anti-interference of the switching power supply, etc., and at the same time, it can also reduce the magnetic flux density of the transformer, increase the current change rate of the primary winding, thereby increasing the range of the output voltage. In addition, the voltage regulation circuit in the switching power supply includes one or more channels, each of which can be used to output a pair of positive voltage and negative voltage, and the positive voltage and the negative voltage can be adjusted by a potentiometer and a reference voltage source, thereby realizing flexible and adjustable output voltage of each channel, thereby reducing the complexity of circuit design, so that the switching power supply can be applied to power device products of multiple specifications, realizing platform design, and completing a normalized power supply solution.

[0116] Based on this, the embodiment of the present application further provides a driving module; wherein the driving module may include: a gate driver and a switching power supply, the switching power supply is used to power the gate driver, and the switching power supply may be any of the switching power supplies provided above. Exemplarily, the driving module may be a driving board, and the driving board may be a driving board of an HPD module, a driving board for SiC MOS tube applications, or a driving board for IGBT applications, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0117] In another embodiment of the present application, an electrical system is further provided, the electrical system comprising: a power device, and the drive module provided above, the drive module being used to drive the power device. Exemplarily, the electrical system may be a car, an onboard charger in a car, a power device module in a car, or a photovoltaic inverter, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0118] It can be understood that the above detailed descriptions about the switching power supply can be correspondingly referred to the embodiments of the driving module and the embodiments of the electrical system, and the embodiments of the present application will not be repeated here.

[0119] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A switching power supply, characterized in that: include: An input and control circuit, a voltage conversion circuit and a voltage regulation circuit, wherein the input and control circuit is coupled to the voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit is coupled to the voltage regulation circuit; Wherein, the voltage conversion circuit includes: a DC isolation circuit, a first transformer and a first rectifier circuit, the first transformer includes a first primary winding and a first secondary winding; the first end and the second end of the DC isolation circuit are respectively coupled with the two ends of the first primary winding, and the two ends of the first secondary winding are respectively coupled with the first end and the second end of the first rectifier circuit.

2. The switching power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The DC blocking circuit comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor and a first capacitor; Among them, the base of the first transistor and the base of the second transistor are coupled, one electrode of the first transistor, one electrode of the second transistor and one end of the first capacitor are coupled, the other end of the first capacitor serves as the first end of the DC isolation circuit, and the other electrode of the second transistor serves as the second end of the DC isolation circuit.

3. The switching power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The voltage regulating circuit comprises: a first positive voltage regulating circuit and a first negative voltage regulating circuit corresponding to the first rectifier circuit; The first end of the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the first end of the first negative voltage regulating circuit are coupled to the first end and the third end of the first rectifier circuit respectively, and the second end of the first positive voltage regulating circuit and the second end of the first negative voltage regulating circuit are both coupled to the ground end.

4. The switching power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: Either the first positive voltage regulating circuit or the first negative voltage regulating circuit comprises: a potentiometer, a first resistor, a reference voltage source and a second capacitor; The adjustment end of the potentiometer, the positive electrode of the reference voltage source and one end of the second capacitor are coupled and serve as the first end of the first positive voltage regulation circuit or the first end of the first negative voltage regulation circuit, one end of the potentiometer, one end of the first resistor and the reference voltage end of the reference voltage source are coupled, the other end of the potentiometer is suspended, the other end of the first resistor, the negative electrode of the reference voltage source and the other end of the second capacitor are all coupled to the ground end and serve as the second end of the first positive voltage regulation circuit or the second end of the first negative voltage regulation circuit.

5. The switching power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first rectifier circuit includes: a third capacitor, a first diode, a second diode and a fourth capacitor; Among them, one end of the third capacitor serves as the first end of the first rectifier circuit, the other end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode are coupled, the cathode of the second diode and one end of the fourth capacitor are coupled and serve as the third end of the first rectifier circuit, and the anode of the first diode and the other end of the fourth capacitor are coupled as the second end of the first rectifier circuit.

6. The switching power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first transformer further includes a second secondary winding, and the voltage conversion circuit further includes a second rectifier circuit; Wherein, two ends of the second secondary winding are coupled with a first end and a second end of the second rectifier circuit.

7. The switching power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that: The voltage regulating circuit further includes: a second positive voltage regulating circuit and a second negative voltage regulating circuit corresponding to the second rectifier circuit; The first end of the second positive voltage regulating circuit and the first end of the second negative voltage regulating circuit are coupled to the first end and the third end of the second rectifier circuit respectively, and the second end of the second positive voltage regulating circuit and the second end of the second negative voltage regulating circuit are both coupled to the ground end.

8. The switching power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The number of turns of the first primary winding is greater than the number of turns of the first secondary winding.

9. The switching power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The voltage conversion circuit further includes a second transformer and a third rectifier circuit, wherein the second transformer includes a second primary winding and a third secondary winding; The first end of the second primary winding is coupled to the first end of the first primary winding, the second end of the second primary winding is coupled to the ground, and the two ends of the third secondary winding are coupled to the first end and the second end of the third rectifier circuit.

10. The switching power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The input and control circuit comprises: a fifth capacitor and a pulse width modulation PWM control circuit; The two ends of the fifth capacitor are used to receive an input voltage, and the PWM control circuit is coupled to the third end of the DC isolation circuit.

11. A driving module, characterized in that: The driving module comprises: a gate driver, and a switching power supply as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the switching power supply is used to supply power to the gate driver.

12. An electrical system, characterized in that: The electrical system comprises: a power device, and a driving module as claimed in claim 11, wherein the driving module is used to drive the power device.

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