Air bubble guiding super-hydrophobic composite material, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bubble flow guide super-hydrophobic composite material and its preparation method and application, belong to chemical functional material technical field, comprising: preparation substrate;Preparation stable bubble layer;Coating super-hydrophobic coating: hydrophobic silica particles are mixed with n-hexane and dispersed uniformly, obtain super-hydrophobic suspension, the super-hydrophobic suspension obtained is uniformly coated on the surface of bubble layer, form super-hydrophobic coating after natural standing or heating standing in ventilated environment, obtain the product of the present application.The application prepares bubble layer on the surface of micrometer scale columnar structure, enhances the surface super-hydrophobic stability, prolongs the service life of super-hydrophobic surface, improves the drag reduction performance of surface in fluid, reduces frictional resistance, improves operating efficiency, also has excellent anti-icing ability, effectively prevents icing phenomenon, guarantees normal operation of equipment, its self-cleaning function makes that surface can automatically remove dust and pollutants by the rolling of liquid drop, reduces maintenance requirement.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of chemical functional materials, and more particularly to a bubble flow guiding super-hydrophobic composite material, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a material with special wettability, super-hydrophobic surface can exhibit excellent self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-fogging and other properties, and thus has a wide range of applications in liquid droplet manipulation, friction control, self-cleaning and other fields. In particular, in underwater environment, super-hydrophobic surface can greatly reduce the resistance encountered by ships and underwater vehicles during movement, thereby improving the sailing speed and driving distance. In recent years, it has attracted widespread attention in academia and industry. Super-hydrophobicity phenomenon has been richly represented in nature, such as the low-adhesion super-hydrophobicity of lotus leaves, the high-adhesion super-hydrophobicity of rose petals, and the super-hydrophobic / oleophobic surface of jumping spiders. A comprehensive understanding of the wetting mechanism of these natural surfaces is a basic prerequisite for the manufacture of super-hydrophobic surfaces. The core elements for realizing super-hydrophobic interface lie in the low surface energy and fine multi-scale structure of the surface. The synergistic effect of the two leads to low adhesion and high surface roughness, which further promotes the formation of air layer, thereby significantly improving the hydrophobic performance of the interface, and providing theoretical guidance for the design of new super-hydrophobic materials (Small 2024, 20, 2309012). However, there are still some challenges in the research of super-hydrophobic surface. First, the durability and mechanical stability of super-hydrophobic surface still need to be improved to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Second, the air film between the microstructures of super-hydrophobic surface can be easily destroyed in practical application, which may face problems such as surface corrosion and needs further research and solution. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to study the basic theory of super-hydrophobic surface, optimize the preparation method and improve the material performance, so as to realize its wide application in more fields.

[0003] Current technical means and methods have not been able to effectively solve the problem of super-hydrophobic surface stability, which has become a major obstacle to its widespread deployment. When the liquid pressure of super-hydrophobic surface is too high or it is immersed in water for a long time, water molecules may penetrate into the gap of the surface microstructure, and the original air layer will be pushed out by water, so that the surface changes from Cassie state to completely wet Wenzel state. This change destroys the SAL composite interface of super-hydrophobic surface, leading to a decrease in hydrophobicity, an increase in the adhesion of liquid droplets, and thus affecting the antifouling ability of the surface and the underwater flow guiding efficiency. In addition, during fluid transport, the surface is easy to leave residual microdroplets, which may cause volume loss.

[0004] Therefore, how to design and construct a bubble flow guiding super-hydrophobic coating with stability and maintain the stability of the air film between the micro-nano structures, and its preparation method and application are problems that need to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a bubble-guided superhydrophobic coating, its preparation method and application.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a bubble-guided superhydrophobic composite material includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Substrate preparation: Using polymer materials as printing raw materials, a substrate with an array of several columnar structures on the surface is prepared by 3D printing technology;

[0009] (2) Preparation of stable bubble layer: Dissolve surfactant and stabilizer in acetone to obtain solution A, then add bubble generator to obtain mixture, stir the mixture to obtain bubble modified suspension, and uniformly coat the obtained bubble modified suspension onto the surface of the substrate with an array of several columnar structures obtained in step (1) to obtain bubble layer;

[0010] (3) Coating with a superhydrophobic coating: The hydrophobic silica particles are mixed and dispersed evenly with n-hexane to obtain a superhydrophobic suspension. The obtained superhydrophobic suspension is evenly coated on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2). After being left to stand naturally or heated in a ventilated environment, a superhydrophobic coating is formed, and the bubble-guided superhydrophobic composite material is obtained.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Traditional superhydrophobic surfaces are not stable enough under high liquid pressure, which easily leads to the destruction of the air layer and thus the loss of superhydrophobicity. This invention enhances the superhydrophobic stability of the surface by preparing a bubble layer on a columnar structure surface at the micrometer scale, and forms more air layers in the columnar structure. When the liquid pressure causes the air layer to be destroyed, the micro-nano structure of the surface can quickly initiate a chemical reaction to generate bubbles, and restore the air layer through a directional flow effect. This active replenishment mechanism of the air layer provides a unique solution to the problem of the stability of superhydrophobic surfaces under harsh environments, significantly extends the service life of superhydrophobic surfaces, and improves their reliability and efficiency in practical applications.

[0012] (2) The bubble-guided superhydrophobic composite material of this invention not only improves the surface's drag reduction performance in fluids, reduces frictional resistance, and increases operating efficiency, but also possesses excellent anti-icing capabilities, effectively preventing icing and ensuring normal equipment operation. Simultaneously, its self-cleaning function allows the surface to automatically remove dust and contaminants through the rolling of droplets, reducing maintenance requirements. These characteristics make this superhydrophobic composite surface widely applicable and of significant practical value in fields such as shipbuilding, aviation, and construction.

[0013] (3) In the design stage, according to the required application scene and performance requirements, the columnar structure parameters of different sizes and pitches are designed, and the columnar surface with adjustable height is formed by 3D printing. The columnar surface of this structure not only has good mechanical strength, but also has high flexibility in columnar geometric parameters.

[0014] The columnar structure of the application changes the microstructure of the substrate surface, increases the roughness of the substrate surface, and therefore enhances the super-amphiphobicity of the coating. The main purpose of using the columnar structure is to form more air layers, and to guide the directional flow effect of the bubbles.

[0015] The patent of foamed super-hydrophobic surface mainly describes the preparation of porous (foamed) structure using foamed material, and does not involve the generation of bubbles and other phenomena in the surface stability test.

[0016] Further, in step (1), the high polymer material is a photosensitive resin.

[0017] Further, in step (1), the high polymer material is one of acrylate photosensitive resin, polyurethane acrylate photosensitive resin or epoxy acrylate photosensitive resin.

[0018] Further, in step (1), the diameter of the columnar structure R = 10-200 μm, the height of the columnar structure H = 10-600 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure d1 = 10-800 μm, and the longitudinal spacing of the columnar structure d2 = 10-800 μm.

[0019] Further, in step (2), 1-5 mg of surfactant, 1-5 mg of stabilizer and 5-15 mg of bubble generating agent are added per 100 mL of acetone.

[0020] Further, in step (2), the surfactant is one or both of polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dodecyl sulfate, the stabilizer is one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the bubble generating agent is sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and the mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to citric acid is (1-10):(1-10).

[0021] Further, in step (2), the stirring is performed by ultrasonic stirring, the ultrasonic power is 100-300 W, the ultrasonic frequency is 15-30 kHz, the ultrasonic temperature is 25-60℃, and the ultrasonic time is 10-60 min.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above further technical solutions are: in order to ensure the uniform distribution of the components in the mixture, the mixture is stirred by ultrasonic stirring until a stable bubble modified suspension is formed.

[0023] Further, in steps (2) and (3), the coating is performed by spraying, the spraying pressure is 0.1-0.9 MPa, the spraying distance is 5-25 cm, and the spraying volume is 0.5-5 mL.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above further technical solutions are: in order to ensure that the solution can uniformly cover the entire surface, a spray gun is used for uniform spraying.

[0025] Further, in step (3), the mass-volume ratio of the hydrophobic silica particles and n-hexane is (1-5) mg:(1-10) mL, and the diameter of the hydrophobic silica particles is 20 nm-1 μm.

[0026] Further, in step (3), the dispersion rotation speed is 300-1500 r / min, and the dispersion time is 10-60 min; the natural standing time is 20 min-1 h.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the above further technical solutions are: in the curing process, the hydrophobic silica particles will firmly adhere to the surface of the bubble layer.

[0028] Further, in step (1), the thickness of the substrate is 2-5 mm; in step (2), the thickness of the bubble layer is 1-10 μm; and in step (3), the thickness of the super-hydrophobic coating is 1-10 μm.

[0029] The application also provides a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material prepared by the method.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the application are: the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material can effectively reduce the contact area of liquid droplets with the surface, enhance the hydrophobicity, exhibit a low surface energy and a highly rough microstructure, which enables the liquid droplets to form almost complete spheres on the surface, thereby realizing lossless transportation. When the liquid droplets roll on the surface, they can easily carry away dust and other particles, exhibiting a self-cleaning effect. In addition, the surface can effectively prevent ice formation and accumulation, providing an anti-icing effect, which is particularly important for the aviation, automobile and energy industries. The material can be widely used in the fields of anti-fouling, anti-icing and anti-corrosion, and has a broad prospect in liquid collection, separation and transportation applications.

[0031] The micrometer-scale columnar structure can enhance the mechanical stability and help form more air layers; when the liquid pressure is particularly high, the surface air layer is destroyed, the liquid droplets penetrate into the micro-nano structure, the surface rapidly initiates a chemical reaction, generates a bubble-guiding directional flow effect along the micro-column structure, restores the air layer, and the surface will restore the super-hydrophobic air layer, so that it has excellent stability under different conditions, especially in more harsh long-term water environments, thereby providing a unique solution to the problem of poor stability of the material surface super-hydrophobicity.

[0032] The application also provides application of the bubble guiding super-hydrophobic composite material in bubble separation, liquid-gas two-phase flow control, microfluidic technology for biomedical or chemical analysis, building, automobile or ship. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A model parameter schematic diagram and a physical diagram of the bubble guiding super-hydrophobic composite surface of the application under different humidity conditions.

[0034] Figure 2 A macroscopic process schematic diagram of a droplet on the bubble guiding super-hydrophobic composite surface bouncing under the directional pushing of a bubble.

[0035] Figure 3 A transport effect schematic diagram of a droplet containing a fluorescent dye on the bubble guiding super-hydrophobic composite surface.

[0036] Figure 4 A dynamic transport behavior schematic diagram of a stable bubble assisted super-hydrophobic composite surface under different environments, such as dirt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] The preparation method of the bubble guiding super-hydrophobic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Preparation of a substrate: acrylic ester photosensitive resin (ANYCUBIC longitudinal fiber cubic washing resin, transparent color) is used as a printing raw material to prepare a substrate with an array of a plurality of columnar structures on the surface by using a 3D printing technology; the thickness of the substrate is 2 mm, the diameter R of the columnar structure is 200 μm, the height H of the columnar structure is 300 μm, the lateral spacing d1 of the columnar structure is 200 μm, and the longitudinal spacing d2 of the columnar structure is 200 μm, as shown in Figure 1

[0041] ​(2) Preparation of stable bubble layer: 2 mg of surfactant dodecyl sulfate and 1 mg of stabilizer polyvinyl alcohol were dissolved in 100 mL of acetone to obtain solution A, then solution A was added to 10 mg of bubble modifier, which included 5 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 5 mg of citric acid, to obtain a mixed solution, which was stirred with an ultrasonic stirrer at an ultrasonic power of 100 W, an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, an ultrasonic temperature of 25 °C, and an ultrasonic time of 10 min to obtain a bubble modified suspension, which was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the substrate with an array of several columnar structures obtained in step (1) using a spray gun, the spraying pressure was 0.4 MPa, the spraying distance was 5 cm, and the spraying volume was 1 mL, to obtain a bubble layer, the thickness of the bubble layer was 10 μm;

[0042] (3) Coating of super-hydrophobic coating: 5 mg of hydrophobic silica particles (20 nm spherical-hydrophobic, manufacturer Suzhou Nanometer Technology Development Co., Ltd., model CZ3460) were uniformly dispersed in 5 mL of n-hexane at a dispersion speed of 300 r / min for 20 min to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension, which was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2) using a spray gun, the spraying pressure was 0.3 MPa, the spraying distance was 15 cm, the spraying volume was 2 mL, and the natural standing time in a ventilated environment was 20 min, to form a super-hydrophobic coating, the thickness of the super-hydrophobic coating was 5 μm, and a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material was obtained.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The method for preparing a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) Preparation of substrate: an epoxy acrylate photosensitive resin (Suzhou City Guangdian DSM-AGI SLA resin) was used as a printing raw material to prepare a substrate with an array of several columnar structures on the surface by 3D printing technology; the thickness of the substrate was 3 mm, the diameter of the columnar structure R = 100 μm, the height of the columnar structure H = 600 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure d1 = 600 μm, and the longitudinal spacing of the columnar structure d2 = 600 μm;

[0046] (2) Preparation of stable bubble layer: 4 mg of surfactant polyoxyethylene ether and 2 mg of stabilizer gelatin were dissolved in 100 mL of acetone to obtain solution A, and then solution A was added to 7 mg of bubble generating agent, which included 5 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 2 mg of citric acid, to obtain a mixed solution. The mixed solution was stirred using an ultrasonic stirrer at an ultrasonic power of 100 W, an ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, an ultrasonic temperature of 30°C, and an ultrasonic time of 30 min to obtain a bubble modified suspension. The obtained bubble modified suspension was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the substrate with an array of several columnar structures obtained in step (1) using a spray gun at a spraying pressure of 0.2 MPa, a spraying distance of 15 cm, and a spraying volume of 3 mL to obtain a bubble layer with a thickness of 5 μm;

[0047] (3) Coating of super-hydrophobic coating: 3 mg of hydrophobic silica particles (300 nm spherical-hydrophobic, manufacturer: Suzhou Nanotechnology Development Co., Ltd., model CZ3460) were uniformly dispersed in 10 mL of n-hexane at a dispersion speed of 500 r / min for 10 min to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension. The obtained super-hydrophobic suspension was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2) using a spray gun at a spraying pressure of 0.6 MPa, a spraying distance of 10 cm, and a spraying volume of 4 mL, and was naturally left to stand for 1 h in a ventilated environment to form a super-hydrophobic coating with a thickness of 2 μm, thereby obtaining a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A method for preparing a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) Preparation of substrate: a substrate with an array of several columnar structures on the surface was prepared using a 3D printing technology with polyurethane acrylate photosensitive resin (Chen T20D photosensitive resin) as a printing raw material. The thickness of the substrate was 5 mm, the diameter of the columnar structure R = 20 μm, the height of the columnar structure H = 100 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure d1 = 50 μm, and the longitudinal spacing of the columnar structure d2 = 50 μm;

[0051] (2) Preparation of stable bubble layer: 1 mg of surfactant dodecyl sulfate and 5 mg of stabilizer gelatin were dissolved in 100 mL of acetone to obtain solution A, and then solution A was added to 15 mg of bubble generating agent, which included 10 mg of sodium bicarbonate and 5 mg of citric acid, to obtain a mixed solution, which was stirred using an ultrasonic stirrer at an ultrasonic power of 300 W, an ultrasonic frequency of 30 kHz, an ultrasonic temperature of 60 DEG C, and an ultrasonic time of 60 min to obtain a bubble modified suspension, which was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the substrate with the array of several columnar structures obtained in step (1) using a spray gun, at a spraying pressure of 0.9 MPa, a spraying distance of 5 cm, and a spraying volume of 5 mL, to obtain a bubble layer with a thickness of 10 μm;

[0052] (3) Coating of super-hydrophobic coating: 5 mg of hydrophobic silica particles (1 μm spherical-hydrophobic type, manufacturer: Suzhou Nanometer Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., model CZ3460) were uniformly dispersed in 10 mL of n-hexane at a dispersion speed of 1500 r / min for 40 min to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension, which was uniformly sprayed on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2) using a spray gun at a spraying pressure of 0.3 MPa, a spraying distance of 10 cm, and a spraying volume of 1 mL, and was naturally left to stand in a ventilated environment for 45 min to form a super-hydrophobic coating with a thickness of 4 μm, to obtain a bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material.

[0053] Effect experiment

[0054] (1) Study on super-hydrophobic stability of bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite surface

[0055] When the air film of the super-hydrophobic surface is damaged, water will penetrate into the structural gap, and the air layer will dissipate, leading to transition to the Wenzel state of complete wetting. This process destroys the SAL composite interface, reduces the surface hydrophobicity, and increases the possibility of droplet adhesion, thereby affecting the antifouling ability and underwater navigation performance of the surface. In addition, during fluid transportation, the micro-nano structured surface is prone to leave micro-residues formed by micro-droplets, which may cause volume loss. Therefore, the present application adds a special effervescent coating (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid) to the surface, which can rapidly generate CO2 gas on the surface when the surface air layer is damaged and the coating contacts water, thereby re-forming an air film and effectively restoring the super-hydrophobicity of the surface, so that it can maintain stable hydrophobic performance in harsh or even underwater environments.

[0056] 3NaHCO3+C6H8O7→Na3C6H5O7+3CO2+3H2O

[0057] Results are as follows Figure 2As shown, the droplet (H2O, 2 μL) was dropped vertically on the damaged bubble-guiding superhydrophobic composite material surface in Example 1. It can be found that the macroscopic process of the droplet bouncing under the directional pushing of the bubble layer occurs when the droplet contacts the bubble layer. The gradient microstructure unique to the surface can guide the flow of the bubble during its movement, showing obvious regularity, making the bubbles converge in one direction and accelerate upward, restoring the air layer and promoting the complementary function of the air film, so that the superhydrophobic stability is excellent in different situations, especially in more harsh long-term water environment. With this excellent flow guiding ability, the bubble-assisted superhydrophobic composite surface has wide application potential in many fields such as bubble separation and liquid-gas two-phase flow control. If the ordinary superhydrophobic surface is damaged, water molecules will penetrate into the gap of the microstructure of the surface, resulting in a decrease in hydrophobicity and damage to the bubble layer. In addition, during fluid transport, the surface is prone to leave residual microdroplets, which may cause volume loss.

[0058] (2) Bubble-guiding superhydrophobic composite material non-damaging transport research

[0059] A microsyringe was used to take an appropriate amount of liquid containing a fluorescent dye (2 μL) and drop it on the surface of the composite material in Example 1. The trajectory of the droplet on the material surface was recorded by a high-speed camera. The results show that the droplet can be transported non-damagingly on the superhydrophobic surface. During the movement of the droplet on the surface, due to its superhydrophobicity, the contact area between the droplet and the surface is minimized, reducing the residue caused by the adhesion between the droplet and the surface. After the droplet slides across the superhydrophobic surface, there is almost no microdroplet residue on the surface where the droplet passes (as shown in Figure 3 ), and no fluorescent residue is found on the surface. In contrast, the ordinary surface shows a clear fluorescent track after the fluorescent liquid slides off, indicating that there is droplet residue on the surface. Not only does this verify the superior performance of the superhydrophobic surface in non-damaging transport of droplets, but it also provides important evidence for the precise control of microfluidic technology in the fields of biomedicine and chemical analysis.

[0060] (3) Self-cleaning effect research of bubble-guiding superhydrophobic composite surface

[0061] Traditional superhydrophobic surfaces are easily contaminated, which limits their application in outdoor and harsh environments. To further explore whether the surface has excellent self-cleaning effect, we conducted a dynamic behavior test of the droplet on the surface. Standard pollutants such as dust were used to stain the surface to simulate the pollution conditions in actual use environment. Water droplets were dropped on the surface, and the flow and cleaning process of the liquid on the surface was recorded by a high-speed camera to observe the removal effect of the pollutants. As shown in Figure 4As shown, the bubble-guiding superhydrophobic composite material of Example 1 has excellent self-cleaning performance and can maintain long-term stability under different environments (such as dirt, dye, etc.). During the test, when the liquid droplet contacts the superhydrophobic surface, the liquid droplet will automatically roll and take away the dirt on the surface, achieving good self-cleaning effect. As a comparison, due to the poor fluidity of the liquid droplet on the ordinary surface, the liquid droplet is not easy to roll, resulting in that the pollutants are difficult to be removed, and the surface will leave obvious pollutant residues. The present application provides a unique solution to the problem of poor stability of superhydrophobic surfaces, and has good practical application value. In the future, this superhydrophobic surface is expected to be applied in the fields of buildings, automobiles, ships, etc., and to contribute to the green and low-carbon development of our country.

[0062] The above description of disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to make or use the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a bubble guiding superhydrophobic composite material, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a substrate: using a polymer material as a printing raw material, and using a 3D printing technology to prepare a substrate with an array of columnar structures on the surface; (2) preparing a stable bubble layer: dissolving a surfactant and a stabilizer in acetone to obtain a solution A, then adding a bubble generating agent to obtain a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution to obtain a bubble modified suspension, uniformly coating the bubble modified suspension on the surface of the substrate with the array of columnar structures obtained in step (1) to obtain a bubble layer; (3) coating a super-hydrophobic coating: uniformly dispersing hydrophobic silica particles in n-hexane to obtain a super-hydrophobic suspension, uniformly coating the super-hydrophobic suspension on the surface of the bubble layer obtained in step (2), and forming a super-hydrophobic coating after natural standing or heating standing in a ventilated environment to obtain the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material; In step (2), the surfactant is one or both of polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dodecyl sulfate, the stabilizer is one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the bubble generating agent is sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and the mass ratio of sodium bicarbonate to citric acid is (1-10):(1-10); In step (3), the mass-volume ratio of the hydrophobic silica particles to n-hexane is (1-5) mg:(1-10) mL, and the diameter of the hydrophobic silica particles is 20 nm-1 μm; In step (1), the diameter of the columnar structure is R=10-200 μm, the height of the columnar structure is H=100-600 μm, the lateral spacing of the columnar structure is d1=10-800 μm, and the longitudinal spacing of the columnar structure is d2=10-800 μm; In step (2), the thickness of the bubble layer is 1-10 μm; in step (3), the thickness of the super-hydrophobic coating is 1-10 μm.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: In step (1), the polymer material is a photosensitive resin. ​ 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: In step (2), 100 mL of acetone is added with (1-5) mg of a surfactant, (1-5) mg of a stabilizer, and (5-15) mg of a bubble generating agent. ​ 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bubble guiding superhydrophobic composite is prepared by the steps of: In steps (2) and (3), spraying is used for coating, the pressure of spraying is 0.1-0.9 MPa, the spraying distance is 5-25 cm, and the spraying volume is 0.5-5 mL.

5. The method for preparing a bubble-guided superhydrophobic composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the thickness of the substrate is 2-5 mm.

6. A bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-5.

7. Use of the bubble-guiding super-hydrophobic composite material of claim 6 in bubble separation, liquid-gas two-phase flow control, microfluidic technology for biomedical or chemical analysis, building, automobile, or ship.

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