A magnetically controlled speed-limiting vertical axis wind turbine

Abstract

This invention discloses a magnetically controlled speed-limiting vertical axis wind turbine, comprising a generator, a main shaft, a connecting arm, and blades. The connecting arm includes a main component, a tail plate, a pin, a mass block, a large elastic component, a magnet, and a small elastic component. During operation, this invention utilizes the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the mass block and the magnetic force of the magnet to control the opening of the tail plate of the connecting arm, thus limiting the rotational speed of the vertical axis wind turbine. Simultaneously, the elastic force of the large elastic component, the gravity of the tail plate, and the magnetic force of the magnet control the automatic closing of the tail plate. This magnetically controlled speed-limiting structure requires no electricity, automatically limits the rotational speed of the vertical axis wind turbine, and provides precise control. The tail plate only automatically opens when the rotational speed exceeds a set threshold. The entire mechanical structure is simple, stable, and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wind turbine technology, specifically relating to a vertical axis wind turbine with magnetic speed control. Background Technology

[0002] Wind energy is a sustainable green energy source. Wind turbines convert wind energy into electricity in a green and pollution-free process, making it environmentally friendly. With global warming, the demand for green energy is increasing, leading to a wider application of wind turbines. Wind turbines are mainly divided into two types: horizontal-axis wind turbines and vertical-axis wind turbines. Currently, commercially available large wind turbines are mostly horizontal-axis, while vertical-axis wind turbines have advantages over smaller wind turbines due to their lower noise levels and the elimination of the need for wind direction switching mechanisms.

[0003] However, when the power controller of a vertical axis wind turbine malfunctions, the turbine's rotational speed will become uncontrollable and will increase with rising wind speeds. Excessive speed will inevitably lead to mechanical damage to the turbine. To limit the rotational speed of a vertical axis wind turbine, two solutions exist on the market: one is to add an independent speed-limiting circuit for deceleration (such as in Chinese patent application CN108547734A). This solution fully utilizes the centrifugal force generated by the turbine's rotation to control the main shaft's speed. The entire control process is autonomous and requires no additional control mechanism, ensuring the generator shaft remains within a safe speed range for power generation. Another approach is to use an elastic element to control the speed limiting mechanism for deceleration (such as Chinese patent application CN105201743A). This solution uses an elastic element to keep the resistance plate in a retracted state. When the blade speed exceeds a critical value, the slider moves under the action of centrifugal force, and the resistance plate unfolds, which can reduce the blade speed. When the blade speed decreases and reaches another critical value, the slider slides back to its original position under the action of the elastic element, causing the resistance plate to change from the unfolded state to the retracted state. This structure can automatically limit the blade speed without the need for additional power supply or manual control.

[0004] However, both of the above solutions have their drawbacks. Adding a separate speed-limiting circuit inevitably leads to situations where the battery runs out of power, and the circuit's reliability and durability are not high, increasing costs. Using an elastic element to control the speed-limiting mechanism, on the other hand, suffers from inaccurate control because the elastic force follows Hooke's Law, with a linear relationship between deformation and force. Before reaching the set threshold speed, the deformation of the elastic element will control the speed-limiting mechanism, but once the speed exceeds the threshold, the increased force due to deformation prevents the speed-limiting mechanism from fully opening. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above, the present invention provides a magnetically controlled speed-limiting vertical axis wind turbine, which is a purely mechanical structure with higher reliability and durability, and more precise magnetic control.

[0006] A magnetically controlled speed-limiting vertical axis wind turbine includes a generator, a turbine main shaft, a connecting arm, and blades. The turbine main shaft is fixed to the rotor of the generator, the connecting arm is mounted on the turbine main shaft, and the blades are mounted on the connecting arm. The connecting arm includes:

[0007] The main connecting arm is fixed at one end to the main shaft of the fan, and at the other end is perpendicularly connected to the blades.

[0008] The pin is installed on one side of the main component of the connecting arm;

[0009] The tail flap is mounted on a pin and is rotatably connected to the main connecting arm component via the pin.

[0010] Magnets are fixedly mounted on the tail plate and located on the closed surface between the tail plate and the main connecting arm component;

[0011] The mass block is located inside the main component of the connecting arm and close to the magnet.

[0012] The large elastic element is fixed at one end inside the main component of the connecting arm, and at the other end is connected to the mass block;

[0013] Small elastic components are fixedly installed on the main connecting arm and located on the closed surface between the main connecting arm and the tail plate.

[0014] Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting arm is airfoil-shaped, which minimizes wind resistance when the connecting arm rotates in the air.

[0015] Furthermore, the main connecting arm, tail plate, and large elastic component are all made of non-magnetic materials.

[0016] Furthermore, the main connecting arm component is the main structural component supporting the blade. After it is horizontally installed and fixed, the tail plate can rotate along the pin shaft under its own weight until it closes with the main connecting arm component.

[0017] Furthermore, the main component of the connecting arm is provided with a track for the mass block to slide.

[0018] Furthermore, the mass block is made of magnetic material and generates magnetic attraction with the magnet. During the rotation of the connecting arm, if the rotation speed is below a set threshold, the centrifugal force of the mass block is less than the critical value of the magnetic attraction, and the mass block and the magnet are tightly attracted together. The tail plate and the main component of the connecting arm are closed. In this state, the cross-section of the connecting arm is airfoil-shaped, and the wind resistance is minimal. If the rotation speed exceeds the set threshold (in the case of a malfunction in the fan controller), the centrifugal force of the mass block is greater than the critical value of the magnetic attraction. Under the centrifugal force, the mass block slides outward along the internal track of the main component of the connecting arm. As the distance between the mass block and the magnet increases, the magnetic attraction rapidly decreases to zero, and the mass block separates from the magnet.

[0019] Furthermore, when the mass block slides outward, causing the large elastic component to deform, it stores energy. Under its own weight and air pressure, the tail plate will still close with the main connecting arm. However, at this time, due to the disappearance of the magnetic attraction, the small elastic component will release its elastic force to push the tail plate and the main connecting arm apart by a certain distance, forming a gap. The wind will quickly enter the gap, and under the wind pressure, the tail plate will fully open and be perpendicular to the main connecting arm. At this time, the wind resistance of the connecting arm is extremely large, which will quickly reduce the speed of the vertical axis wind turbine, thereby protecting the vertical axis wind turbine from damage due to excessive speed.

[0020] Furthermore, as the wind speed in the environment decreases to 0, the vertical axis wind turbine will slowly stop rotating. At this time, the centrifugal force of the mass block disappears, and the elastic force of the large elastic element pulls back the mass block to its original position. The tail plate rotates under its own weight and returns to the closed state, causing the magnet on the tail plate to approach the mass block. Under the action of magnetic attraction, they attract each other, thereby completely closing the tail plate and the main component of the connecting arm and compressing the small elastic element to store energy. At this time, the connecting arm returns to the airfoil shape with the least wind resistance.

[0021] Furthermore, the connecting arm serves as a magnetic control speed limiting structure for the vertical axis wind turbine, enabling it to automatically reduce the speed of the vertical axis wind turbine in the event of a wind turbine controller failure, thereby preventing damage to the vertical axis wind turbine.

[0022] The working principle of the vertical axis wind turbine of this invention is as follows: When the controller of the vertical axis wind turbine malfunctions and the rotational speed exceeds the set threshold, the centrifugal force of the mass block exceeds the critical value of the magnetic attraction force of the magnet. The mass block begins to slide, and as the distance between the mass block and the magnet increases, their magnetic attraction force rapidly decreases until it becomes zero. At this point, the magnetic attraction force that closes the tail plate and the main connecting arm disappears. The sliding of the mass block causes the large elastic component to deform, thereby storing energy in the large elastic component. Because the tail plate's own weight and the air pressure during high-speed rotation will still close the tail plate and the main connecting arm, the small elastic component installed on the main connecting arm will release its elastic force to open the tail plate a certain distance. The wind will quickly enter the gap between the tail plate and the main connecting arm, and fully open the tail plate until the wind pressure received by the surface above and below the pin is equal. At this time, the wind resistance of the connecting arm is extremely large, which will rapidly reduce the rotational speed of the vertical axis wind turbine, thereby protecting the vertical axis wind turbine from damage due to excessive rotational speed. When the wind speed in the environment stops, the vertical axis wind turbine will also slowly stop rotating. At this time, the centrifugal force of the mass block disappears, and under the action of the elastic force stored in the large elastic element, it returns to its original position. The tail plate rotates under its own weight and returns to the almost closed state. When the magnet on the tail plate approaches the mass block, the mutual magnetic attraction force closes the tail plate and the main component of the connecting arm, while compressing the small elastic element to store energy. At this time, the connecting arm returns to the airfoil state with the least wind resistance.

[0023] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] 1. The magnetic speed limiting structure of the present invention can limit the rotational speed of a vertical axis wind turbine to prevent it from becoming too high and causing damage to the wind turbine, thereby protecting assets.

[0025] 2. The magnetic speed limiting structure of the present invention is a purely mechanical structure without circuitry, and is simple, stable and reliable.

[0026] 3. The magnetic speed limiting structure of the present invention is magnetically controlled. Only when the rotational speed of the vertical axis wind turbine exceeds the set threshold, the centrifugal force of the mass block is greater than the magnetic attraction force of the magnet, and the speed limiting tail plate will be opened. Otherwise, it will be firmly attracted, resulting in more precise control. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vertical axis wind turbine with magnetic speed control according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a perspective structural diagram of the connecting arm.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the connecting arm.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the connecting arm at the instant the tail section opens.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the connecting arm when the tail section is fully deployed.

[0032] In the diagram: 1—generator, 2—wind turbine main shaft, 3—connecting arm, 4—blade, 31—connecting arm main component, 32—tail plate, 33—pin, 34—mass block, 35—large elastic body, 36—magnet, 37—small elastic body. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To describe the present invention in more detail, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a magnetically controlled speed-limited vertical axis wind turbine generator. The vertical axis wind turbine generator includes: a generator 1, a wind turbine main shaft 2, two sets of connecting arms 3, and three blades 4. The wind turbine main shaft 2 is mounted on the rotor of the generator 1, the connecting arms 3 are mounted on the wind turbine main shaft 2, and the blades 4 are mounted on the two sets of connecting arms 3.

[0035] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, connecting arm 3 is in its normal closed state, with an airfoil-shaped cross-section, which minimizes wind resistance during rotation. Connecting arm 3 includes:

[0036] The connecting arm main component 31 is mounted on the main shaft 2 of the fan at one end and connected to the blade 4 at the other end;

[0037] The tail flap 32 is rotatably mounted on the connecting arm main component 31;

[0038] Pin 33 rotatably mounts tail plate 32 onto connecting arm main component 31;

[0039] Mass block 34 is slidably disposed within the main component of connecting arm 31;

[0040] The large elastic element 35 is fixedly installed in the main component 31 of the connecting arm at one end and connected to the mass block 34 at the other end, which can restore the mass block 34 to its original position.

[0041] Magnet 36 is fixedly mounted on wing tail plate 32;

[0042] Small elastic element 37 is fixedly installed on the main component 31 of the connecting arm.

[0043] The main component of the connecting arm 31 is the main structural component supporting the blade 4. It is made of non-magnetic material and cannot generate magnetic attraction with the magnet 36. It is installed horizontally, with one end fixedly connected to the main shaft 2 of the fan and the other end fixedly connected to the blade 4. It is rotatably connected to the tail plate 32 in the horizontal length direction. It has a chamber or track inside for the mass block 34 to slide.

[0044] The tail flap 32 is a speed-limiting structure that generates drag when opened. It is made of non-magnetic material and cannot generate magnetic attraction with the magnet 36. It is rotatably connected to the main connecting arm 31 in the length direction. When stationary, it can rotate to the closed state with the main connecting arm 31 by its own gravity.

[0045] The pin 33 is the pivot shaft that rotatably connects the tail plate 32 and the main connecting arm 31. The mass block 34 is the main component for magnetic control. It is made of magnetic material and is located near the magnet 36 in space. It can generate magnetic attraction with the magnet 36. It is slidably set in the cavity or track of the main connecting arm 31 and can only slide along the length of the main connecting arm 31.

[0046] One end of the large elastic element 35 is fixedly installed inside the main component 31 of the connecting arm, and the other end is connected to the mass block 34. When the mass block 34 slides away from its original position, it will cause the large elastic element 35 to deform, and the elastic force of the large elastic element 35 can restore the mass block 34 to its original position. The magnet 36 is fixedly installed on the tail plate and is located near the mass block 34 in space, and will generate a magnetic attraction with the mass block 34.

[0047] The small elastic element 37 is fixedly installed on the main component 31 of the connecting arm. When the connecting arm 3 is in the normal closed state, the small elastic element 37 is in a compressed and deformed state. When the mass block 34 slides and does not generate magnetic attraction with the magnet 36, it can open the tail plate 32 by a certain distance.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, when the rotational speed of the vertical axis wind turbine is below the set threshold, the centrifugal force of the mass block 34 is less than the critical value of the magnetic attraction force of the magnet 36 on it. The mass block 34 and the magnet 36 are firmly attracted together, that is, the tail plate 32 is closed on the connecting arm main component 31. In this state, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting arm 3 is airfoil, and the wind resistance is minimal.

[0049] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, when the controller of the vertical axis wind turbine malfunctions and the rotational speed exceeds the set threshold, the centrifugal force of the mass block 34 exceeds the critical value of the magnetic attraction force of the magnet 36, causing the mass block 34 to begin sliding. As the distance between the mass block 34 and the magnet 36 increases, their magnetic attraction force rapidly decreases until it reaches zero. At this point, the magnetic attraction force that closes the tailplate 32 and the connecting arm main component 31 disappears. The sliding of the mass block 34 causes the large elastic component 35 to deform, thus storing energy in it. The weight of the tailplate 32 itself and the air pressure during high-speed rotation will still close the tailplate 32 and the connecting arm main component 31. However, the small elastic component 37 installed on the connecting arm main component 31 will release its elastic force to push the tailplate 32 open by a certain distance. Figure 4 As shown.

[0050] The wind will quickly enter the gap between the tailplate 32 and the connecting arm main component 31, and fully open the tailplate 32 until the wind pressure received by the surface above and below the rotation axis is equal, such as... Figure 5 As shown. At this time, the wind resistance of the connecting arm 3 is extremely high, which will quickly reduce the speed of the vertical axis wind turbine, thereby protecting the vertical axis wind turbine from damage due to excessive speed. When the wind speed in the environment stops, the vertical axis wind turbine will also slowly stop rotating. At this time, the centrifugal force of the mass block 34 disappears, and under the action of the elastic force stored in the large elastic element 35, it returns to its original position. The tail plate 32 rotates under its own weight and returns to the almost closed state. When the magnet 36 on the tail plate 32 approaches the mass block 34, the mutual magnetic attraction will close the tail plate 32 and the connecting arm main component 31, while compressing the small elastic element 37 to store energy. At this time, the connecting arm 3 returns to the airfoil state with the least wind resistance.

[0051] The advantage of this implementation is that the magnetic speed limiting mechanism is a purely mechanical mechanism without circuitry, making it simple, stable, and reliable. It also utilizes the characteristics of magnetic attraction: two attracted objects will only be separated when the external force is greater than the magnetic attraction. As the separation distance increases, the attraction will decrease rapidly. That is, only when the rotational speed of the vertical axis wind turbine exceeds the set threshold will the centrifugal force of the mass block be greater than the magnetic attraction of the magnet, thus controlling the speed limiting tail plate to open. Otherwise, they will be firmly attracted, making the speed limiting mechanism more precise.

[0052] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention. Those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to the above embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made to the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure thereof should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetically controlled speed-limiting vertical axis wind turbine generator, comprising a generator, a turbine main shaft, a connecting arm, and blades, wherein the turbine main shaft is fixed to the rotor of the generator, the connecting arm is mounted on the turbine main shaft, and the blades are mounted on the connecting arm, characterized in that, The connecting arm includes: The main connecting arm is fixed at one end to the main shaft of the fan, and at the other end is perpendicularly connected to the blades. The pin is installed on one side of the main component of the connecting arm; The tail flap is mounted on a pin and is rotatably connected to the main connecting arm component via the pin. Magnets are fixedly mounted on the tail plate and located on the closed surface between the tail plate and the main connecting arm component; The mass block is located inside the main component of the connecting arm and close to the magnet. The large elastic element is fixed at one end inside the main component of the connecting arm, and at the other end is connected to the mass block; Small elastic components are fixedly installed on the main connecting arm and located on the closed surface between the main connecting arm and the tail plate. The mass block is made of magnetic material and generates magnetic attraction with the magnet. During the rotation of the connecting arm, if the rotation speed is below a set threshold, the centrifugal force of the mass block is less than the critical value of the magnetic attraction, and the mass block and the magnet are tightly attracted together. The tail plate and the main component of the connecting arm are closed. In this state, the cross-section of the connecting arm is airfoil-shaped, and the wind resistance is minimal. If the rotation speed exceeds the set threshold, the centrifugal force of the mass block is greater than the critical value of the magnetic attraction. Under the centrifugal force, the mass block slides outward along the internal track of the main component of the connecting arm. As the distance between the mass block and the magnet increases, the magnetic attraction rapidly decreases to zero, and the mass block separates from the magnet. When the mass block slides outward, it causes the large elastic component to deform, thereby storing energy in the large elastic component. Under its own weight and air pressure, the tail plate will still close with the main component of the connecting arm. However, at this time, due to the disappearance of the magnetic attraction, the small elastic component will release the elastic force to open the tail plate and the main component of the connecting arm by a certain distance, forming a gap. The wind will quickly enter the gap. Under the wind pressure, the tail plate will fully open and be perpendicular to the main component of the connecting arm. At this time, the wind resistance of the connecting arm is extremely large, which will quickly reduce the speed of the vertical axis wind turbine, thereby protecting the vertical axis wind turbine from being damaged due to excessive speed. As the wind speed in the environment decreases to 0, the vertical axis wind turbine will slowly stop rotating. At this time, the centrifugal force of the mass block disappears, and the elastic force of the large elastic element pulls the mass block back to its original position. The tail plate rotates under its own weight and returns to the closed state, causing the magnet on the tail plate to approach the mass block. Under the action of magnetic attraction, they attract each other, thereby completely closing the tail plate and the main component of the connecting arm and compressing the small elastic element to store energy. At this time, the connecting arm returns to the airfoil shape with the least wind resistance.

2. The vertical axis wind turbine generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting arm has an airfoil-shaped cross-section, which minimizes wind resistance when the connecting arm rotates in the air.

3. The vertical axis wind turbine generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main connecting arm, tail plate, and large elastic component are all made of non-magnetic materials.

4. The vertical axis wind turbine generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main connecting arm is the main structural component that supports the blade. After it is horizontally installed and fixed, the tail plate rotates along the pin under its own weight until it closes with the main connecting arm.

5. The vertical axis wind turbine generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main component of the connecting arm is equipped with a track for the mass block to slide.

6. The vertical axis wind turbine generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting arm serves as a magnetic control speed limiting structure for the vertical axis wind turbine, which can automatically reduce the speed of the vertical axis wind turbine in the event of a wind turbine controller failure, thus preventing damage to the vertical axis wind turbine.

Images