A method for planting mangroves in nearshore waters and a dike front grid device

Abstract

The present application relates to a method for planting mangroves in nearshore waters and a dike grid device, which relates to the technical field of mangrove planting. After conducting on-site surveys and planning in the nearshore waters, a stable dike grid device is constructed in a suitable area using ecological cages, plant mats, adsorbents, and other materials. Mangroves are then planted on the back side of the device, where plant mats are laid. This effectively reduces seawater salinity and improves the survival rate of mangroves. At the same time, channels formed by reserved gaps ensure the normal flow of seawater, avoiding the risk of the device being washed away. The present application has the effect of reducing the impact of seawater scouring on mangrove seedlings or seeds, thereby improving the survival rate of mangrove plants in nearshore waters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mangrove planting, and in particular to a method for planting mangroves in nearshore waters and a dike-front grid device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing impacts of global climate change and human activities, coastal marine ecosystems have suffered severe damage, with the decline of mangroves in particular attracting widespread attention. Mangroves not only provide wind and wave protection, stabilize soil and protect embankments, but also effectively purify water quality and maintain biodiversity. Therefore, restoring and reestablishing mangroves in coastal waters has become a key measure for ecological restoration. Currently, mangrove restoration techniques primarily include natural restoration, artificial tree planting, and environmental improvement. Each of these methods exhibits its own advantages and limitations in different geographical conditions.

[0003] When planting mangrove plants in nearshore waters, since the planting area is close to the sea, sea water will wash away the seedlings or seeds of the mangrove plants during high tide and low tide. The high salinity of sea water is not conducive to the growth of the seedlings or seeds of mangrove plants, and the direct washing of sea water will also cause damage to the mangrove plants, resulting in difficulties in the initial growth of the mangrove plants and low survival rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to reduce the impact of seawater scouring on the seedlings or seeds of mangrove plants and improve the survival rate of mangrove plants in nearshore waters, the present application provides a method for planting mangroves in nearshore waters and a dike-front grid device.

[0005] In the first aspect, the present application provides a method for establishing mangroves in nearshore waters using the following technical solution: comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Conduct on-site surveys and planning in the nearshore waters to determine the high tide level, low tide level, and average sea level, and draw construction drawings. The high tide level is the highest sea level at high tide, the low tide level is the lowest sea level at low tide, and the average sea level is the average of the high tide and low tide levels.

[0007] S2. Prepare sufficient construction materials according to the construction drawings. The construction materials include at least ecological cages, plant mats, adsorbents, and mangrove seedlings or seeds. The plant mats contain nutrients for the growth of mangrove seeds or seedlings, and the adsorbents are used to reduce the salinity of the seawater surrounding the ecological cages.

[0008] S3. Level the ground in the mudflat area below the mean sea level and above the low tide level according to the construction drawings, and install multiple prefabricated ecological cages on the leveled ground;

[0009] S4. Fill the ecological cages with ballast material and place a layer of adsorbent on the seaward side of each ecological cage. The ecological cages, ballast material, and adsorbent together form a stable dike grid device.

[0010] S5. Lay a plant mat on the ground on the seaward side of the dike grid device and level the surface of the plant mat so that the top of the plant mat is higher than the average sea level;

[0011] S6. Evenly spread mangrove seeds or insert grown mangrove seedlings on the plant mat;

[0012] S7. Carry out regular inspections and maintenance, observe the growth of mangroves, and adjust management strategies in a timely manner.

[0013] Optionally, the ecological cage is configured to be trapezoidal, with a height of 1 to 2 meters, a bottom width of 2 to 3 meters, and a top width of 1 to 1.5 meters.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the trapezoidal design can better adapt to the impact of seawater and increase the stability of the ecological cage and the grid device in front of the dike.

[0015] Optionally, the plant mat includes a bag and a filling material, the filling material is filled in the bag, and the bag adopts a breathable mesh structure.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the bag restrains the filling material, ensures the stability of the filling material, and prevents the filling material from being directly washed away by seawater. In addition, the bag's breathable mesh structure can also help maintain the air permeability and water permeability of the filling material, providing a good growth environment for the roots of mangroves.

[0017] Optionally, the filling material includes sludge, growth substrate and biomass charcoal fertilizer.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solutions, the silt provides the basic soil environment, the growth matrix provides the necessary nutrients and microbial communities for the growth of mangroves, and the biochar fertilizer can improve the soil structure, increase fertility and water retention.

[0019] Optionally, gaps are reserved between adjacent ecological cages, and corresponding gaps are also reserved between the plant mats. The gaps between the ecological cages and the gaps between the plant mats together form channels for seawater to flow.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the channel provides a flow channel for the rise and fall of seawater during high tide or low tide, thereby preventing the overall structure of the grid device in front of the dike from being destroyed due to the rapid flow of seawater.

[0021] On the second aspect, the present application provides a dike grid device for planting mangroves in nearshore waters, which adopts the following technical solution: it includes an ecological cage, an adsorbent material, and a weight material. The ecological cage includes a cage body and a sealing net. The cage body is provided with an opening on the sea-facing side. The sealing net is detachably connected to the cage body and can close the opening. The weight material is filled in the ecological cage, and the adsorbent material is laid on the sea-facing side of the ecological cage.

[0022] By adopting this technical solution, when constructing the dike-front grid system, the ecological cage is first fixed to the ground, the sealing net is removed, and the cage is filled with ballast material from the side. Then, the adsorbent material is laid on the seaward side, and the sealing net is installed again, thus forming a stable dike-front grid system. The removable sealing net design facilitates the operation of filling the cage with ballast material from the side during construction, improving construction efficiency.

[0023] Optionally, the adsorbent is wrapped in a cloth bag and filled in the ecological cage, and the adsorbent is clamped between the sealing net and the weight material.

[0024] By adopting this technical solution, the bagged adsorbent is more evenly distributed on the seaward side of the eco-cage, enhancing its ability to absorb seawater salinity. The tight contact of the sealing net ensures that the adsorbent remains stable under the impact of long-term seawater, preventing it from shifting or falling off, thereby continuously and effectively reducing seawater salinity.

[0025] Optionally, the bottom of the sealing net is fixedly connected to the side frame, and a core shaft is detachably mounted on the top of the sealing net, and the sealing net is wound on the core shaft.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, when constructing the dike front grid device, a core shaft is fixed to the top of the sealing net, which is curled around the core shaft. Next, the cage is filled with a certain height of ballast material. A layer of adsorbent is laid on the side of the filled ballast material facing the sponge. Then, a portion of the sealing net is released from the core shaft, and the side of the sealing net is fixed to the cage, pressing the adsorbent against the ballast material. This simultaneously increases the height of the ballast material, adsorbent, and sealing net, ensuring that the adsorbent is pressed against the ballast material, and ensuring the stability and density of the material filled at the bottom of the cage.

[0027] Optionally, a mounting groove is provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft for the top of the sealing net to pass through, a clamping plate is movably provided in the mounting groove, a fastening bolt is rotatably provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft, the fastening bolt extends into the mounting groove and cooperates with the thread of the clamping plate.

[0028] By adopting this technical solution, when constructing the dike-front grid device, rotating the fastening bolts can push the compression plate to move within the installation slot, thereby compressing the top of the sealing net passing through the installation slot and securing the sealing net. Then, simply rotate the mandrel to reel the sealing net. After the dike-front grid device is constructed, the fastening bolts are rotated in the opposite direction to remove the mandrel from the sealing net. The top of the sealing net is then fixed to the cage body, allowing the mandrel to be reused.

[0029] Optionally, a group of connecting rods are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on both sides of the core shaft, and a group of connecting rods are commonly fixed with a blocking rod at one end away from the core shaft, and the blocking rod is against the sealing net. A locking disk is fixedly provided at the end of the core shaft, and the locking disk is evenly provided with a number of locking holes along the circumferential direction. A locking pin is threadedly connected to the connecting rod, and the locking pin can be inserted into the locking hole and against the lock hole.

[0030] By adopting this technical solution, when releasing the sealing net, the retaining rod and the sealing net are in contact, but the connecting rod can rotate on the core rod. The retaining rod and the core rod are not directly fixed, which will not hinder the sealing net from being released from the core shaft, ensuring a smooth release process of the sealing net. When the sealing net needs to be fixed, the connecting rod is rotated to align the locking pin with the locking hole. The locking pin is tightened and inserted into the locking hole, thereby fixing the position of the connecting rod. At this time, the retaining rod can support the sealing net, preventing the curled sealing net from loosening during use, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the gradual release of the sealing net.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. By installing plant mats and dam-front grids with absorbent materials, direct seawater erosion is prevented, the salinity of the seawater in the mangrove planting area is reduced, the risk of damage to mangrove seedlings or seeds is reduced, and the survival rate of mangrove plants is significantly improved;

[0033] 2. By setting up the cage, core rod and rollable sealing net, when filling the weight material and adsorbent, the sealing net is gradually lowered as the filling height increases to ensure the tightness and stability of the adsorbent filling;

[0034] 3. By setting the connecting rod, stop rod, lock plate, lock hole and lock pin, when the sealing net needs to be released, the stop rod will not hinder the rotation of the core shaft. When the sealing net needs to be fixed, the lock pin inserted into the lock hole can ensure the position of the stop rod, thereby preventing the sealing net from loosening or shifting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a method for establishing mangroves in nearshore waters provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2This is a schematic structural diagram of a dike-front grid device for planting mangroves in nearshore waters provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 This Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A;

[0038] In the figure, 1. ecological cage; 11. sealing net; 12. cage body; 2. adsorbent; 3. weight material; 4. core shaft; 41. mounting groove; 411. pressing plate; 42. fastening bolt; 43. connecting rod; 44. stop rod; 45. locking disk; 451. locking hole; 46. locking pin; 5. plant mat; 6. seedling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following is combined with Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3 , further details of this application are given.

[0040] The present application discloses a method for planting mangroves in coastal waters. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , including the following steps:

[0041] S1. Conduct on-site surveys and planning in the nearshore waters to determine the high tide level, low tide level, and average sea level, and draw construction drawings. The high tide level is the highest sea level at high tide, the low tide level is the lowest sea level at low tide, and the average sea level is the average of the high tide and low tide levels.

[0042] S2. Prepare sufficient construction materials according to the construction drawings. The construction materials include at least the ecological cage 1, the plant mat 5, the adsorbent 2, and the mangrove seedlings 6 or seeds. The plant mat 5 contains growth nutrients for the mangrove plant seeds or seedlings 6, and the adsorbent 2 is used to reduce the salinity of the seawater around the ecological cage 1.

[0043] Specifically, the ecological cage 1 can be a trapezoidal cage made of wire mesh, with a height of 1 to 2 meters, a bottom width of 2 to 3 meters, and a top width of 1 to 1.5 meters. The plant mat 5 includes a bag and a filling material, and the filling material is filled in the bag, and the bag adopts a breathable mesh structure. The bag can be made of naturally degradable fiber materials, such as jute and flax. The filling material includes silt, growth matrix and biomass charcoal fertilizer. In the embodiment of the present application, the growth matrix is ​​peat soil, and the biomass charcoal fertilizer is rice husk charcoal, and the silt, peat soil and rice husk charcoal are mixed in a ratio of 3:1:1 to prepare the filling material. The adsorbent 2 can be activated carbon or ion exchange resin. Mangrove seedlings 6 or seeds can give priority to mangrove plants with good local growth conditions. If there is no reference, common mangrove species such as tung trees can be selected.

[0044] S3. According to the construction drawings, the ground is leveled in the mudflat area below the average sea level and above the low tide level, and a plurality of prefabricated ecological cages 1 are installed on the leveled ground, with gaps reserved between adjacent ecological cages 1.

[0045] S4. Fill the ecological cage 1 with weighted material 3, and place a layer of adsorbent 2 on the seaward side of each trapezoidal ecological cage 1. The weighted material 3 can be stones or sandbags so that local materials can be used. The ecological cage 1, weighted material 3, and adsorbent 2 together form a stable dike front grid device.

[0046] S5. Lay plant mats 5 on the ground facing away from the sea on the dike grid system. Level the surface of the plant mats 5 so that their tops are above the average sea level to prevent prolonged accumulation of water. Note that corresponding gaps should be left between the plant mats 5, so that the gaps between the ecological cages 1 and the gaps between the plant mats 5 together form channels for seawater to flow. During high and low tides, the channels provide a channel for seawater to flow, preventing the rapid flow of water from damaging the entire dike grid system.

[0047] S6, evenly sowing mangrove seeds or inserting grown mangrove seedlings 6 on the plant mat 5;

[0048] S7. Carry out regular inspections and maintenance, observe the growth of mangroves, and adjust management strategies in a timely manner.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the trapezoidal ecological cage 1 plays a fixing and supporting role. It can not only withstand the impact of strong ocean currents, but also act as a temporary shielding barrier to help the mangrove seedlings 6 to smoothly pass through the early stage. At the same time, the silt and biomass charcoal fertilizer in the plant mat 5 provide a rich source of nutrients for the growth of mangroves. The bag not only binds the filling material and ensures the stability of the filling material, but also helps to reduce the direct contact area between the filling material and seawater. The adsorbent 2 alleviates the pressure of the high salinity environment on plant survival. It reduces the impact of seawater erosion on the seedlings 6 or seeds of mangrove plants, provides a safe growth environment for the early stages of mangrove plants, and improves the survival rate of mangrove plants in nearshore waters. As time goes by, the mangrove plants gradually grow up, and the roots of the mangrove plants penetrate deep into the ground sediments under the plant mat 5. At this time, the mangrove plants have sufficient self-supporting ability. Even if the ecological cage 1 begins to rust and age, it will not affect the normal growth of the mangroves.

[0050] The present application also discloses a dike grid device for planting mangroves in nearshore waters, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3It includes an ecological cage 1, an adsorbent material 2, and a weight material 3. The ecological cage 1 includes a cage body 12 and a sealing net 11. The cage body 12 is provided with an opening on the sea-facing side. The sealing net 11 is detachably connected to the cage body 12 and can seal the opening. The weight material 3 is filled in the ecological cage 1, and the adsorbent material 2 is laid on the sea-facing side of the ecological cage 1. The adsorbent material 2 is wrapped in a cloth bag and filled in the ecological cage 1. The adsorbent material 2 is bound to the weight material 3 by the sealing net 11. The adsorbent material 2 wrapped in the cloth bag can be more evenly distributed on the sea-facing side of the ecological cage 1, thereby enhancing the adsorption effect on seawater salinity. The binding effect of the sealing net 11 can ensure that the adsorbent material 2 maintains a stable position under the long-term impact of seawater and will not shift or fall off.

[0051] In order to facilitate the construction of the dike front grid device, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The bottom of the sealing net 11 is fixedly connected to the side frame by means of steel wire or rope straps. A core shaft 4 is detachably mounted on the top of the sealing net 11, and the sealing net 11 is wound around the core shaft 4. A mounting slot 41 is provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft 4 for the top of the sealing net 11 to pass through. A pressure piece 411 is movably provided in the mounting slot 41. A fastening bolt 42 is rotatably provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft 4, and the fastening bolt 42 is threadedly engaged with the pressure piece 411. A group of connecting rods 43 are symmetrically and rotatably provided on both sides of the core shaft 4. A stopper 44 is fixedly provided on one end of the connecting rod 43 away from the core shaft 4. The stopper 44 abuts against the sealing net 11. A locking disk 45 is fixedly provided at the end of the core shaft 4. The locking disk 45 has a number of locking holes 451 evenly arranged along the circumferential direction. A locking pin 46 is threadedly connected to the connecting rod 43. The locking pin 46 can be inserted into the locking hole 451 and abuts against the locking hole 451.

[0052] The implementation principle of a dike front grid device according to an embodiment of the present application is as follows: when constructing the dike front grid device, first, the ecological cage 1 is fixedly installed on a leveled ground surface. Next, the top of the sealing net 11 is removed from the ecological cage 1, and the top of the sealing net 11 is inserted into the installation slot 41. The fastening bolt 42 is rotated to push the pressing plate 411 to move within the installation slot 41. The pressing plate 411 presses the top of the sealing net 11, thereby fixing the core shaft 4 to the top of the sealing net 11. Next, the sealing net 11 is wound around the core shaft 4, and the connecting rod 43 is rotated to align the locking pin 46 with the locking hole 451. The locking pin 46 is tightened and inserted into the locking hole 451. The blocking rod 44 is fixed to the core shaft 4. The blocking rod 44 supports the sealing net 11 to prevent the sealing net 11 from loosening, so that the cage 1 can be filled with the weight material 3 through the side opening of the ecological cage 1.

[0053] During the filling process, a certain height of ballast material 3 is filled into the cage 12. A layer of adsorbent material 2 is laid on the side of the filled ballast material 3 facing the sponge. The locking pin 46 is then released, and the portion of the sealing net 11 on the core shaft 4 is released. The height of the released sealing net 11 is flush with the height of the adsorbent material 2. The blocking rod 44 is then re-secured, and the side of the released portion of the sealing net 11 is secured to the cage 12 via a wire or rope, so that the adsorbent material 2 is pressed against the ballast material 3. The process of filling the ballast material 3, laying out the adsorbent material 2, releasing the sealing net 11, and securing the side of the sealing net 11 to the cage 12 is then repeated until the cage 12 is completely filled. In this way, the heights of the ballast material 3, adsorbent material 2, and sealing net 11 are gradually increased, ensuring that the adsorbent material 2 can be pressed against the ballast material 3 at any position in the height direction, thereby ensuring the stability and density of the filling material at the bottom of the cage 12. Finally, the core rod is removed from the top of the sealing net 11, and the top of the sealing net 11 is tied to the top of the cage 12 with a steel wire rope to fix it. This prevents seawater from directly impacting the mangrove plants, helps reduce the salinity of the washed seawater, and protects the growth of mangrove plants in coastal waters.

[0054] The examples of this specific embodiment are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for establishing mangroves in coastal waters, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Conduct on-site surveys and planning in the nearshore waters to determine the high tide level, low tide level, and average sea level, and draw construction drawings. The high tide level is the highest sea level at high tide, the low tide level is the lowest sea level at low tide, and the average sea level is the average of the high tide and low tide levels. S2. Prepare sufficient construction materials according to the construction drawings. The construction materials at least include the ecological cage (1), the plant mat (5), the adsorbent (2), and the mangrove seedlings (6) or seeds. The plant mat (5) contains growth nutrients for the mangrove seedlings (6) or seeds, and the adsorbent (2) is used to reduce the salinity of the seawater around the ecological cage (1). S3. Level the ground in the mudflat area below the average sea level and above the low tide level according to the construction drawings, and install a plurality of prefabricated ecological cages (1) on the leveled ground; S4. Filling the ecological cage (1) with a weighted material (3), and laying a layer of adsorbent (2) on the seaward side of each ecological cage (1), wherein the ecological cage (1), the weighted material (3), and the adsorbent (2) together form a stable dike front grid device; wherein the dike front grid device comprises the ecological cage (1), the adsorbent (2), and the weighted material (3); the ecological cage (1) comprises a cage body (12) and a sealing net (11); the cage body (12) is provided with an opening on the seaward side; the sealing net (11) and the cage body (12) are detachably connected; The sealing net (11) can seal the opening, the weight material (3) is filled in the ecological cage (1), and the adsorbent (2) is laid on the seaward side of the ecological cage (1); the adsorbent (2) is wrapped in a cloth bag and filled in the ecological cage (1), and the adsorbent (2) is clamped between the sealing net (11) and the weight material (3); the bottom of the sealing net (11) is fixedly connected to the cage body (12), and a core shaft (4) is detachably mounted on the top of the sealing net (11), and the sealing net (11) is wound on the core shaft (4); S5, laying a plant mat (5) on the ground on the side of the dike grid device facing away from the sea, and leveling the surface of the plant mat (5), with the top of the plant mat (5) being higher than the average sea level; leaving gaps between adjacent ecological cages (1), and also leaving gaps between the plant mats (5), so that the gaps between the ecological cages (1) and the gaps between the plant mats (5) together form a channel for the flow of seawater; S6. Evenly sowing mangrove seeds or inserting grown mangrove seedlings (6) on the plant mat (5); S7. Carry out regular inspections and maintenance, observe the growth of mangroves, and adjust management strategies in a timely manner.

2. The method for planting mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological cage (1) is arranged in a trapezoidal shape, with a height of 1 to 2 meters, a bottom width of 2 to 3 meters, and a top width of 1 to 1.5 meters.

3. The method for planting mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant mat (5) comprises a bag and a filling material, wherein the filling material is filled in the bag, and the bag adopts an air-permeable mesh structure.

4. The method for establishing mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filling material includes sludge, growth substrate and biomass charcoal fertilizer.

5. The method for establishing mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting groove (41) is provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft (4) for the top of the sealing net (11) to pass through, a pressing piece (411) is movably provided in the mounting groove (41), and a fastening bolt (42) is rotatably provided on the peripheral wall of the core shaft (4), and the fastening bolt (42) extends into the mounting groove (41) and is threadably engaged with the pressing piece (411).

6. The method for establishing mangroves in coastal waters according to claim 5, characterized in that: A group of connecting rods (43) are symmetrically and rotatably provided on both sides of the core shaft (4); a blocking rod (44) is fixedly provided on one end of the connecting rod (43) away from the core shaft (4); the blocking rod (44) abuts against the sealing net (11); a locking disk (45) is fixedly provided at the end of the core shaft (4); the locking disk (45) is evenly provided with a plurality of locking holes (451) along the circumferential direction; a locking pin (46) is threadedly connected to the connecting rod (43); the locking pin (46) can be inserted into the locking hole (451) and abut against the locking hole (451).

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