Breeding and ripening method of Sichuan parabramis pekinensis parent fish

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding and maturing method of Sichuan parabramis pekinensis parent fish, which comprises the following steps: putting male and female parabramis pekinensis into a breeding pond with the putting density of 150 parabramis pekinensis / m < 2 >; the tubificidae and the sturgeon special feed are uniformly mixed for domestication, the weight ratio of the tubificidae to the sturgeon special feed is 8: 2, and an artificial nutrition feed additive is supplemented; 7-10 days before spawning induction, feeding is stopped; feeding management: the dissolved oxygen in the culture water is greater than 6mg / L, the average water temperature is 23 DEG C, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5; disinfecting the parent fish culture pond every other January; water flow stimulation: adjusting the water flow speed to 0.04 m / s; in the close breeding period, a rainfall temperature increasing and water flow stimulation combined mode is adopted, and water surface and underwater combined mode is adopted for water flow stimulation. According to the method, through artificial regulation and control, the female and male Sichuan parabramis pekinensis parent fishes are mature, the brood amount is large, the reproductive capacity is high, the sperm and egg quality is high, and synchronous maturation of the female and male parent fishes is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for accelerating the maturation of broodstock, and in particular to a method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock. Background Art

[0002] Sichuan bream ( Sinibrama taeniatus Nichols, 1941), also known as the black threadfin bream, is a fish endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in my country and is mainly distributed in the main and tributary waters of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

[0003] Female Sichuan bream are generally larger than males. Under farming conditions, the IV stage ovaries of female Sichuan bream last the longest during the annual changes in their gonads. They can lay eggs in spring, summer and autumn. Currently, there is a lack of synchronization in the development of males and females in farming, making it difficult to form large-scale cultivation.

[0004] The existing literature "Preliminary Study on the Inner Pond Cultivation and Artificial Propagation Technology of Sichuan Chinese Bream" ([J]. Journal of Southwest Agriculture, 2018(31) Supplement: 86-89) discloses that after the wild individuals of Sichuan Chinese Bream were transported to the base, they were placed in a rectangular cement pool with a flat bottom (length × width × height 50m × 20m × 1.5m, water depth 1.2m) for cultivation. The breeding water source is a mixture of natural river water and well water (pumping depth is 20m), with dissolved oxygen (DO) greater than 6mg / L, an average water temperature of 23℃ throughout the year, and a pH value of 6.5~7.5. In the early stage of artificial domestication, water earthworms were fed, and then gradually changed to artificial compound feed. The daily feeding amount was 2%~4% of the total weight of the fish, and it was fed 3 times. During the wintering period, the water temperature dropped, causing the Sichuan Chinese Bream to eat less feed, so water earthworms should be fed regularly. In this technology, the stocking density and the formula of artificial compound feed are unclear. Using this method may result in low maturity of the broodstock gonads or failure to achieve gonad maturity of the broodstock.

[0005] The existing literature "Preliminary Study on the Reproductive Biology of Sichuan Bream" ([D]. Southwest University, 2020, p33) carried out the breeding of Sichuan bream in greenhouse cages (length × width × height 3m × 1m × 1.5m). The experimental water was fully aerated circulating filtered water with natural light. The temperature in the greenhouse was not controlled. The lowest water temperature in the year was 13°C, the highest water temperature was 30°C, the pH was 7.5±0.5, and the dissolved oxygen was>7mg·L -1 , feed the New Hope Liuhe freshwater fish floating feed with a particle size of 2mm and a crude protein content of 36% at 9:00 every day. However, this technology is only used to breed adult fish. As time goes by, the gonads of adult fish gradually mature, but there is no large-scale broodstock. It is only limited to daily breeding management. In the production process, it has no practical guiding significance for the next step of large-scale artificial breeding of broodstock.

[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock, which can make the Sichuan bream broodstock of male and female mature, have a large number of eggs, strong fertility and high sperm and egg quality, and realize the synchronous maturation of the male and female broodstock.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock, the method comprising: placing male and female broodstock in a breeding pond at a density of 150 broodstock / m 2 ; Use water earthworms and special feed for sturgeon to mix evenly for feeding, the weight ratio of water earthworms and special feed for sturgeon is 8:2, and artificial nutritional feed additives are added, feed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, each time feeding 3-5% of body weight, and add water earthworms once at night, the feeding amount is 7-9% of body weight; stop feeding 7-10 days before induced spawning; Feeding and management: the dissolved oxygen in the breeding water is greater than 6mg / L, the average water temperature is 23°C, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5; disinfect the broodstock breeding pond every January; Water flow stimulation: the water flow speed is adjusted to 0.04m / s; near the breeding period, a combination of precipitation temperature increase and water flow stimulation is adopted, and the water flow stimulation is a combination of surface and underwater; Water quality control: the water quality of the breeding pond is maintained in the principle of "fat, active, tender and refreshing".

[0009] Preferably, the crude protein of the special feed for sturgeon is ≥40.0%, the crude fat is ≥8.0%, the crude fiber is ≤5.0%, and the crude ash is ≤18.0%.

[0010] Preferably, the male and female broodstock have an average body weight of 25 g / tail, an average body length of 10 cm, a total weight of 95 to 150 jin of male and female reserve broodstock, and a total number of 1900 to 2100 broodstock.

[0011] Preferably, before being put into use, the culture pond is disinfected with quicklime.

[0012] Preferably, the breeding pond is a rectangular cement pond with a flat bottom, a length×width×height of 50m×20m×1.5m, and a water depth of 1.2m.

[0013] Preferably, the artificial nutritional feed additives include: betaine, citric acid, sodium chloride, inosinic acid and composite microorganisms.

[0014] Preferably, the water earthworms are repeatedly washed 3 to 5 times before feeding to remove impurities, and are soaked in 5 ppm potassium permanganate for 20 minutes, rinsed at least 3 times until completely clean, and then mixed with special feed for sturgeons.

[0015] Preferably, the disinfection is carried out by spraying chlorine dioxide over the entire pool, and the concentration of chlorine dioxide is 10 ppm.

[0016] Preferably, the precipitation and temperature raising are combined with water flow stimulation. The water level is lowered to 0.9-1m one month before artificial induction of labor, and water flow stimulation is started. The water flow stimulation is carried out in a combination of surface and underwater methods. Surface stimulation is mainly carried out through water inlet stimulation, and the water flow rate requirement is 0.2-0.3m / s. Underwater stimulation uses a 1.5kW submersible pump or other pumping devices of equivalent power to stir the water underwater. The water flow stimulation time is 5 hours per day.

[0017] Preferably, when the water quality is relatively rich, silver carp and bighead carp are added; the phytoplankton biomass is controlled at 20-30 mg / L, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is removed in time.

[0018] The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The method of the present invention, through artificial regulation, makes the male and female broodstock of Sichuan bream mature, have a large number of eggs, strong reproductive capacity, and high sperm and egg quality, and achieves synchronous maturity of male and female broodstock; (2) The method of the present invention achieves sexual maturity rates of 75% and 85% or more for female and male fish, respectively; the average body length of female broodstock is 13.8 cm and the average weight is 60 g; the average body length of male broodstock is 11.5 cm and the average weight is 32 g. The broodstock survival rate is 98%. The absolute fertility of female broodstock is 2365 ± 226 grains (n=10) on average, and the relative fertility is (214 ± 15) grains / g on average;

[0019] (3) The method of the present invention uses a large water body to carry out broodstock cultivation of Sichuan bream, which can form mature broodstock on a large scale. Through the regulation of multiple factors, male and female broodstock with well-developed and mature gonads and synchronized maturity can be obtained. When artificial insemination is carried out, more fertilized eggs can be obtained, thereby increasing the number of the first generation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that if the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased from the market.

[0022] In the present invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as values, quantities, contents and concentrations, are only for brevity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be deemed to have included and specifically disclosed all possible secondary ranges and individual values ​​within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0023] The features mentioned in the present invention can be combined arbitrarily, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these features, all possible combinations should be considered as the scope of this specification. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that can provide the same, equal or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are only general examples of equal or similar features.

[0024] Example 1 A method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock, the method comprising: (1) Selection of reserve broodstock: The selected male and female reserve broodstock have an average weight of 25g / tail and an average body length of 10cm. The total weight of the male and female reserve broodstock is about 100 jin, and the total number of broodstock is about 2,000; (2) Stocking of broodstock: The breeding pond is a rectangular cement pond with a flat bottom, 50m x 20m x 1.5m in length x width x height, and 1.2m in water depth. Before stocking, the breeding pond is disinfected with quicklime. The stocking density in the breeding pond is 150 broodstock / m 2 broodstock; (3) Nutritional intake: Mix water earthworms and sturgeon feed (Yixiang feed sturgeon extruded feed, crude protein (%) ≥40.0, crude fat (%) ≥8.0, crude fiber (%) ≤5.0, crude ash (%) ≤18.0) for training. The weight ratio of water earthworms to sturgeon feed is 8:2, and artificial nutritional feed additives are added. The additives include: betaine, citric acid, sodium chloride, inosinic acid and composite microorganisms. Feed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, each time feeding 3% of body weight. Feed water earthworms once more at night, and the feeding amount is 8% of body weight. Stop feeding 7 to 10 days before induction of spawning. Before feeding, wash the earthworms 3-5 times to remove impurities such as mud and sand, soak them in 5ppm potassium permanganate for 20 minutes, rinse them at least 3 times until they are completely clean, and then mix them with the special feed for sturgeons. (4) Feeding and management: The dissolved oxygen (DO) of the aquaculture water is greater than 6 mg / L, the average water temperature is 23°C, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5; the broodstock aquaculture pond is disinfected every month, and chlorine dioxide is used for spraying disinfection throughout the pond. The concentration of chlorine dioxide is 10 ppm; (5) Water flow stimulation: The water flow speed is adjusted to 0.04m / s; a combination of precipitation, temperature increase and water flow stimulation is adopted near the breeding period. Specifically, the water level is lowered to about 1m one month before artificial induction of labor, and water flow stimulation is started. Water flow stimulation is carried out by combining surface and underwater methods. Surface stimulation is mainly carried out through water inlet stimulation, and the water flow rate requirement is 0.2~0.3m / s; underwater stimulation uses a 1.5kW submersible pump or other pumping device of equivalent power to stir the water underwater. The water flow stimulation time is 5 hours per day;

[0025] (6) Water quality control: The water quality of the culture pond should be maintained in the principle of "rich, active, tender and refreshing". When the water quality is relatively rich, a certain amount of silver carp and bighead carp can be added appropriately. The phytoplankton biomass should be kept at 20-30 mg / L, and the silt at the bottom of the pond should be removed in time.

[0026] It has been determined that the method of the present invention can improve the sexual maturity rate of female and male fish. By adopting the method of this embodiment, the sexual maturity rates of female and male fish reach 75% and 85% or more, respectively. The average body length of female broodstock is 13.8 cm and the average weight is 60 g; the average body length of male broodstock is 11.5 cm and the average weight is 32 g. Moreover, the survival rate of broodstock is 98%. The absolute fecundity of female broodstock is 2365 ± 226 grains (n=10) on average, and the relative fecundity is (214 ± 15) grains / g on average.

[0027] In summary, the method of the present invention uses a large water body to carry out broodstock cultivation of Sichuan bream, which can form large-scale mature broodstock. Through the regulation of multiple factors, male and female broodstock with good gonadal maturation and synchronized maturity can be obtained. When artificial insemination is carried out, more fertilized eggs are obtained, increasing the number of the first generation.

[0028] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock, characterized in that: The method includes: The male and female broodstock are placed in the breeding pond at a density of 150 broodstock / m 2 ; Mix water earthworms and special feed for sturgeons evenly for training, with the weight ratio of water earthworms to sturgeons being 8:2, supplemented with artificial nutritional feed additives, feed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, each time feeding 3-5% of body weight, and add water earthworms once at night, with the feeding amount being 7-9% of body weight; stop feeding 7-10 days before induction of spawning; Feeding and management: The dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water is greater than 6 mg / L, the average water temperature is 23°C, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5; the broodstock aquaculture pond should be disinfected every one month; Water flow stimulation: The water flow speed is adjusted to 0.04m / s; near the breeding season, a combination of precipitation and water flow stimulation is adopted, and the water flow stimulation is combined with the surface and underwater methods; Water quality control: The water quality of the breeding pond should maintain the principles of "rich, active, tender and refreshing".

2. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crude protein content of the special feed for sturgeon is ≥40.0%, the crude fat content is ≥8.0%, the crude fiber content is ≤5.0%, and the crude ash content is ≤18.0%.

3. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The male and female broodstock have an average body weight of 25 g / fish and an average body length of 10 cm. The total weight of the male and female reserve broodstock is 95 to 150 jin, and the total number of broodstock is 1,900 to 2,100.

4. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before stocking, the culture pond is disinfected with quicklime.

5. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding pond is a rectangular cement pond with a flat bottom, a length×width×height of 50m×20m×1.5m, and a water depth of 1.2m.

6. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The artificial nutritional feed additive comprises: betaine, citric acid, sodium chloride, inosinic acid and composite microorganisms.

7. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water earthworms are repeatedly washed 3 to 5 times before feeding to remove impurities, and are soaked in 5 ppm potassium permanganate for 20 minutes, rinsed at least 3 times until completely clean, and then mixed with special feed for sturgeons.

8. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection is carried out by spraying chlorine dioxide throughout the pool, and the concentration of chlorine dioxide is 10ppm.

9. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The precipitation temperature raising is combined with water flow stimulation. The water level is lowered to 0.9~1m one month before artificial induction of labor, and water flow stimulation is started. The water flow stimulation is carried out in a combination of surface and underwater methods. Surface stimulation is mainly carried out through water inlet stimulation, and the water flow rate requirement is 0.2~0.3m / s. Underwater stimulation uses a 1.5kW submersible pump or other pumping devices of equivalent power to stir the water underwater. The water flow stimulation time is 5 hours per day.

10. The method for cultivating and accelerating the maturation of Sichuan bream broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the water quality is relatively rich, silver carp and bighead carp are added; the phytoplankton biomass is controlled at 20-30 mg / L, and the sludge at the bottom of the pond is removed in time.