Model calculation method based on water and soil conservation data monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses a model calculation method based on water and soil conservation data monitoring, and relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation data monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: building a water and soil conservation evaluation graph, and building and generating a water erosion model algorithm, a wind erosion model and a freeze-thaw erosion model algorithm based on water and soil conservation monitoring and data resource sharing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a soil erosion modulus according to modulus values corresponding to a soil erosion modulus, a wind erosion modulus and a freeze-thaw erosion modulus, judging an erosion degree according to the soil erosion modulus, and judging to generate early warning warnings with different colors. Highlighting the early warning data, and marking a corresponding early warning color, so that a user can visually see the early warning data and take corresponding countermeasures; and meanwhile, the system marks the early-warning data according to a preset early-warning rule, so that a user can visually see the early-warning level of the early-warning data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water conservation data monitoring, and specifically relates to a model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring. Background Art

[0002] As the problem of soil erosion becomes increasingly serious, the monitoring and evaluation of soil and water conservation measures are particularly important. Soil and water conservation plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance, reducing soil erosion, ensuring the sustainable use of land resources and the safety of water conservancy projects. With economic development and the increase in engineering construction activities, the problem of soil erosion has received increasing attention, and effective monitoring methods and models are needed to accurately evaluate the status of soil and water conservation.

[0003] However, traditional soil and water conservation monitoring technology may have limitations in data processing, analysis and visualization, and cannot meet the needs of real-time dynamic monitoring and efficient management. For example, some monitoring methods may rely on manual field surveys and manual data recording, resulting in untimely and inaccurate data acquisition, and difficulty in large-scale data integration and analysis. Based on this, a model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring, which solves the technical problem that traditional soil and water conservation monitoring technology may have limitations in data processing, analysis and visualization, and cannot meet the needs of real-time dynamic monitoring and efficient management.

[0005] A model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring includes the following implementation steps: Step S1: Acquire soil and water conservation monitoring and sharing data resources and establish a soil and water conservation evaluation map; Step S2: Based on soil and water conservation monitoring and shared data resources, a hydraulic erosion model algorithm, a wind erosion model algorithm and a freeze-thaw erosion model algorithm are established to obtain soil erosion modulus, wind erosion modulus and freeze-thaw erosion modulus; Step S3: obtaining a soil erosion modulus according to the modulus values ​​corresponding to the soil erosion modulus, the wind erosion modulus and the freeze-thaw erosion modulus, determining the degree of erosion according to the soil erosion modulus, and generating early warnings of different colors; Step S01: Collect monitoring data of various indicators related to soil and water conservation; Step S02: Cleaning and formatting the collected monitoring data of various related indicators; Step S02: Calculate the topsoil protection rate, soil and water loss control degree, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, soil loss control ratio and engineering measure slag interception rate through monitoring data of various related indicators; Step S03: According to the set warning rules, different warning levels are determined and generated.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific method of obtaining the soil erosion modulus is: The soil erosion modulus A is calculated by the formula, A=RKLSBET; Where R refers to the rainfall erosivity factor, and its unit is MJ·mm·hm -2 ·h -1 ·a -1 ; K refers to the soil erodibility factor, unit is t·hm 2 ·h·hm -2 ·MJ -1 mm -1 ; L refers to the slope length factor, S refers to the slope factor, B refers to the vegetation coverage and biological measures factor, E refers to the engineering measures factor, and T refers to the tillage measures factor.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific method of obtaining the wind erosion modulus is: By formula: , calculate the wind erosion model Q fg ; Where W refers to the surface soil moisture factor every half month; T j It refers to the accumulated time of each wind speed level in every half month, in minutes, j refers to the wind speed level number, with values ​​of 1, 2, ..., 35; U j Refers to the average wind speed of the jth level, in m / s.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific method of obtaining the freeze-thaw erosion modulus is: By formula, , calculate and obtain the freeze-thaw erosion modulus; Where W i It refers to the weights of six evaluation indicators, including the number of days of daily freeze-thaw cycle, daily average freeze-thaw phase change water volume, annual precipitation, slope, slope aspect and vegetation coverage; I i It refers to the grade values ​​corresponding to different ranges of six evaluation indicators, including annual freeze-thaw daily cycle days, daily average freeze-thaw phase change water volume, annual precipitation, slope, slope aspect and vegetation coverage. The values ​​of i are 1, 2, …, 6.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific method of determining the erosion degree according to the soil erosion modulus and generating early warning warnings of different colors is as follows: The average of the modulus values ​​corresponding to the soil erosion modulus, wind erosion modulus and freeze-thaw erosion modulus is taken as the soil erosion modulus. When the soil erosion modulus is between 2500 and 5000, it means that the erosion degree is moderate and the system will issue an orange early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is between 2500 and 5000, it means that the erosion degree is moderate and the system will issue an orange early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is between 5000 and 8000, it means that the erosion degree is relatively strong and the system will issue a red early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is between 8000 and 15000, it means that the erosion degree is extremely strong and the system will issue a red early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is greater than 15000, it means that the erosion degree is very severe and the system will issue a red early warning.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the specific method for obtaining the topsoil protection rate, the soil and water loss control degree, the forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, the soil loss control ratio and the engineering measure slag interception rate is as follows: The topsoil protection rate, soil and water loss control degree, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, soil loss control ratio and engineering measures slag interception rate are calculated through topsoil protection rate = (topsoil protection amount / disturbed topsoil amount) × 100%, total soil and water loss control degree = (soil and water loss prevention area / soil and water loss area in construction area) × 100%, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate = (forest and grass vegetation recovery area / recoverable vegetation area) × 100%, soil loss control ratio = (allowable soil loss amount / average soil loss amount after control) × 100% and engineering measures slag interception rate = (actual slag interception amount / relevant total amount) × 100%.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: according to the set warning rules, the specific method of determining and generating different warning levels is: Topsoil protection rate: the prevention and control target value is ≥95%, the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; total water and soil loss control degree: the prevention and control target value is ≥93%, the warning threshold is <93%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; soil loss control ratio: the prevention and control target value is ≥1%, the warning threshold is <1%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; engineering measures slag interception rate: the prevention and control target value is ≥95%, the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; forest and grass vegetation restoration rate: the prevention and control target value is ≥95%, the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) In the present invention, when the system detects that the soil erosion intensity reaches or exceeds the warning threshold, the data causing the warning will be highlighted in a graph and a monitoring and evaluation data list interface, and marked with the corresponding warning color, so that the user can intuitively see the warning data and take corresponding countermeasures; (2) In the present invention, the system judges the calculation results according to the preset warning rules. If a certain indicator is lower than the warning threshold, the warning mechanism is triggered. When the warning is triggered, the system will mark the data for which the warning occurs on a graph and a monitoring and evaluation data list interface, such as setting it to orange, so that the user can intuitively see the warning level of the warning data and make a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the soil and water conservation measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of soil and water loss monitoring and evaluation of the present invention; Figure 2 A generation determination table for early warning warnings of different colors of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of soil and water conservation monitoring and evaluation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this application provides a model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring, which specifically includes the following implementation steps: Step S1: Based on BIM+GIS, i.e., a two-dimensional and three-dimensional geographic information platform, a soil and water conservation thematic layer is established. While superimposing satellite high-resolution images and drone aerial images, the monitoring and evaluation results data and dynamic change process of soil and water loss and soil and water conservation measures are plotted to fully reflect the effectiveness of soil and water conservation management in engineering construction and obtain a soil and water conservation evaluation map: Earthwork and earthwork monitoring: Obtain earthwork and earthwork monitoring data, classify the earthwork and earthwork monitoring data, and display the construction wastewater monitoring data by category and index, and display it through PC and mobile terminals; Progress of soil and water conservation projects, obtaining soil and water conservation monitoring data, classifying soil and water conservation monitoring data into engineering measures, plant measures and temporary measures, displaying soil and water conservation monitoring data by categories and indicators, and displaying them through PC and mobile terminals; Step S2: Based on soil and water conservation monitoring and shared data resources, combined with the influencing factors of hydraulic erosion, wind erosion, and freeze-thaw erosion in the project impact area, a quantitative monitoring and analysis model for soil and water loss is established, and qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation of soil and water loss caused by project construction are made in a timely manner. The specific methods are as follows: First, in the area affected by the hydraulic erosion project, the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) is used to calculate the soil erosion modulus, and then the hydraulic erosion model algorithm is established. The specific basic form of the equation is: A=RKLSBET; Where A refers to the soil erosion modulus, unit is t·hm -2 ·a -1 ; R refers to the rainfall erosivity factor, the unit is MJ·mm·hm -2 ·h -1 ·a -1 ; K refers to the soil erodibility factor, unit is t·hm 2 ·h·hm -2 ·MJ -1 mm -1 ; L refers to the slope length factor, dimensionless; S refers to the slope factor, dimensionless; B refers to the vegetation cover and biological measures factor, dimensionless; E refers to the engineering measures factor, dimensionless; T refers to the tillage measures factor, dimensionless; Then, the algorithm of wind erosion model for grass (shrub) land is established. The basic form of wind erosion model is: In the formula, Q fg Refers to the wind erosion modulus of grass (shrub) land every half month, unit is t·hm -2 ·a -1 ; V refers to the vegetation coverage, the unit is %. W refers to the surface soil moisture factor within every half month, the specific value is between 0-1; T j It refers to the cumulative time of each wind speed level in every half month, in minutes; j refers to the wind speed level number, which is divided into 35 levels at intervals of 1m / s within 5-40m / s, with values ​​of 1, 2, ..., 35; U j Refers to the average wind speed of the jth level, in m / s. For example, if the wind speed level is 5-6m / s, U1=5.5m / s; It should be noted that this model algorithm is applicable to the end of the canyon in the lower reaches of the Jinghe River, and its applicable land use type is grass (shrub) land.

[0016] Next, within the scope of freeze-thaw erosion evaluation, starting from the dominant influencing factors of freeze-thaw erosion, a multi-factor comprehensive evaluation model is used to calculate the comprehensive index of freeze-thaw erosion intensity. The freeze-thaw erosion intensity is determined according to the comprehensive index of freeze-thaw erosion intensity. The calculation formula of the comprehensive index of freeze-thaw erosion intensity is: Where FI refers to the freeze-thaw erosion modulus, which is dimensionless and has different ranges of values ​​corresponding to different freeze-thaw erosion intensities; W i It refers to the weights of six evaluation indicators, including the number of days of daily freeze-thaw cycle, daily average freeze-thaw phase change water volume, annual precipitation, slope, slope aspect and vegetation coverage, and is dimensionless; I i It refers to the grade values ​​(values ​​corresponding to different evaluation indicators) corresponding to different ranges of six evaluation indicators, including the number of days of annual freeze-thaw daily cycle, daily average freeze-thaw phase change water volume, annual precipitation, slope, slope aspect and vegetation coverage; i refers to 1, 2, ..., 6; Step S3: The average of the modulus values ​​corresponding to the soil erosion modulus, wind erosion modulus and freeze-thaw erosion modulus is used as the soil erosion modulus. The erosion degree is determined according to the soil erosion modulus, and different colors of early warning warnings are generated to determine the early warning color and then determine whether an early warning needs to be issued. The early warning level and the corresponding soil erosion intensity are as follows: Slight erosion: When the soil erosion modulus is less than 200, it means that the degree of erosion is very slight and there is no need to issue an early warning.

[0017] Mild erosion: When the soil erosion modulus is between 200 and 2500, it indicates mild soil erosion and the system will issue a yellow early warning warning.

[0018] Moderate erosion: When the soil erosion modulus is between 2500 and 5000, it indicates that the degree of erosion is moderate and the system will issue an orange early warning warning.

[0019] Severe erosion: When the soil erosion modulus is between 5000 and 8000, it means that the degree of erosion is relatively severe and the system will issue a red warning.

[0020] Extremely severe erosion: When the soil erosion modulus is between 8000 and 15000, it means that the degree of erosion is extremely severe and the system will issue a red warning.

[0021] Severe erosion: When the soil erosion modulus is greater than 15,000, it means that the degree of erosion is very severe and the system will issue a red warning.

[0022] Based on soil and water conservation monitoring and shared data resources, combined with the influencing factors of hydraulic erosion, wind erosion, and freeze-thaw erosion, a quantitative monitoring and analysis model for soil and water loss is established to provide qualitative and quantitative monitoring methods for soil and water conservation information management, and monitor and analyze the area of ​​soil and water loss, the degree of soil and water loss, and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures. When the system detects that the soil erosion intensity reaches or exceeds the above-mentioned warning threshold, the data that has been warned will be highlighted in a picture and the monitoring and evaluation data list interface, and the corresponding warning color (yellow, orange or red) will be marked so that users can intuitively see the warning data and take corresponding countermeasures.

[0023] Example 2: As Example 2 of the present invention, please refer to Figure 3 In the specific implementation of this application, compared with the first embodiment, the difference between the technical solution of this embodiment and the first embodiment is that this embodiment involves the establishment of a water conservation measure monitoring and evaluation model, which specifically includes the following implementation steps: Step S01: Collect monitoring data of various indicators related to soil and water conservation, including satellite high-resolution images, drone aerial images, observation data of ground monitoring points, etc. The relevant indicators include the amount of topsoil protection, the amount of disturbed topsoil, the area of ​​soil and water loss prevention and control, the area of ​​soil and water loss in the construction area, the area of ​​forest and grass vegetation restoration, the area of ​​restorable vegetation, the allowable soil loss, the average soil loss after treatment, the slag interception rate of engineering measures, etc.; Step S02: Clean and format the collected monitoring data of various related indicators to ensure the quality and consistency of the data and prepare for subsequent analysis; Step S03: Calculate various soil and water conservation indicators using the preprocessed data, including topsoil protection rate, soil and water loss control degree, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, soil loss control ratio and engineering measure slag interception rate, in the following specific ways: Then the topsoil protection rate is calculated based on these indicators, and the calculation formula is topsoil protection rate = (topsoil protection amount / disturbed topsoil amount) × 100%.

[0024] Then calculate the total soil and water loss control degree, the formula is total soil and water loss control degree = (soil and water loss prevention and control area / soil and water loss area of ​​construction area) × 100%.

[0025] Then calculate the forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, the formula is forest and grass vegetation recovery rate = (forest and grass vegetation recovery area / recoverable vegetation area) × 100%.

[0026] Calculate the soil loss control ratio, the formula is soil loss control ratio = (allowable soil loss / average soil loss after treatment) × 100%; The slag interception rate of engineering measures refers to the ratio of the actual intercepted slag volume to the relevant total volume (which may be the total volume of abandoned slag, etc.) in soil and water conservation projects. It is used to measure the effect of engineering measures on intercepting slag. The calculation formula is: Slag interception rate of engineering measures = (actual intercepted slag volume / relevant total volume) × 100%.

[0027] Step S04: According to the set warning rules, determine whether there is a situation that requires warning, and generate different warning levels. The specific method is as follows: Topsoil protection rate: The prevention and control target value is ≥95%, and the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange.

[0028] Overall control degree of soil and water loss: the prevention and control target value is ≥93%, the warning threshold is <93%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange.

[0029] Soil loss control ratio: the prevention and control target value is ≥1%, the warning threshold is <1%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange.

[0030] Engineering measures slag interception rate: the prevention and control target value is ≥95%, the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange.

[0031] Forest and grass vegetation recovery rate: The prevention and control target value is ≥95%, and the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange.

[0032] Step S04: Finally, the evaluation results and warning information are compiled into a report for reference and use by decision makers.

[0033] The system judges the calculation results according to the preset warning rules. If an indicator is lower than the warning threshold, the warning mechanism is triggered. When the warning is triggered, the system will mark the data for which the warning occurs on a graph and the monitoring and evaluation data list interface (set to orange), so that users can intuitively see that the warning data warning level is orange or the corresponding indicator exceeds the threshold.

[0034] Combining soil and water conservation measures and monitoring data resources, as well as interpretation data from satellite high-resolution images and UAV scheduled aerial photography, we established analysis and calculation models for indicators such as disturbed ground remediation rate, soil and water loss control degree, soil and water loss control ratio, engineering measure debris interception rate, and forest and grass vegetation recovery rate to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures.

[0035] Embodiment 3: As the embodiment 3 of the present invention, when the present application is implemented specifically, compared with the embodiments 1 and 2, the technical solution of this embodiment is to combine the solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 and 2 for implementation.

[0036] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters and thresholds in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0037] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring, characterized in that: The specific implementation steps include the following: Step S1: Acquire soil and water conservation monitoring and sharing data resources and establish a soil and water conservation evaluation map; Step S2: Based on soil and water conservation monitoring and shared data resources, a hydraulic erosion model algorithm, a wind erosion model algorithm and a freeze-thaw erosion model algorithm are established to obtain soil erosion modulus, wind erosion modulus and freeze-thaw erosion modulus; Step S3: obtaining a soil erosion modulus according to the modulus values ​​corresponding to the soil erosion modulus, the wind erosion modulus and the freeze-thaw erosion modulus, determining the degree of erosion according to the soil erosion modulus, and generating early warnings of different colors; Step S01: Collect monitoring data of various indicators related to soil and water conservation; Step S02: Cleaning and formatting the collected monitoring data of various related indicators; Step S03: Calculate the topsoil protection rate, soil and water loss control degree, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, soil loss control ratio and engineering measure slag interception rate through monitoring data of various related indicators; Step S04: According to the set warning rules, different warning levels are determined and generated.

2. A model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method to obtain the soil erosion modulus is: The soil erosion modulus A is calculated by the formula, A=RKLSBET; Where R refers to the rainfall erosivity factor, and its unit is MJ·mm·hm -2 ·h -1 ·a -1 ; K refers to the soil erodibility factor, unit is t·hm 2 ·h·hm -2 ·MJ -1 mm -1 ; L refers to the slope length factor, S refers to the slope factor, B refers to the vegetation coverage and biological measures factor, E refers to the engineering measures factor, and T refers to the tillage measures factor.

3. The model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method to obtain the wind erosion modulus is: By formula: , calculate the wind erosion model Q fg ; Where W refers to the surface soil moisture factor every half month; T j It refers to the accumulated time of each wind speed level in every half month, in minutes, j refers to the wind speed level number, with values ​​of 1, 2, ..., 35; U j Refers to the average wind speed of the jth level, in m / s.

4. The model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method to obtain the freeze-thaw erosion modulus is: By formula, , calculate and obtain the freeze-thaw erosion modulus; Where W i It refers to the weights of six evaluation indicators, including the number of days of daily freeze-thaw cycle, daily average freeze-thaw phase change water volume, annual precipitation, slope, slope aspect and vegetation coverage; I i It refers to the grade values ​​corresponding to different ranges of six evaluation indicators, including annual freeze-thaw daily cycle days, daily average freeze-thaw phase change water volume, annual precipitation, slope, slope aspect and vegetation coverage. The values ​​of i are 1, 2, …, 6.

5. The model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific method of determining the degree of erosion according to the soil erosion modulus and generating early warnings of different colors is as follows: The average of the modulus values ​​corresponding to the soil erosion modulus, wind erosion modulus and freeze-thaw erosion modulus is taken as the soil erosion modulus. When the soil erosion modulus is between 2500 and 5000, it means that the erosion degree is moderate and the system will issue an orange early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is between 2500 and 5000, it means that the erosion degree is moderate and the system will issue an orange early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is between 5000 and 8000, it means that the erosion degree is relatively strong and the system will issue a red early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is between 8000 and 15000, it means that the erosion degree is extremely strong and the system will issue a red early warning. When the soil erosion modulus is greater than 15000, it means that the erosion degree is very severe and the system will issue a red early warning.

6. The model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific methods for obtaining the topsoil protection rate, soil and water loss control degree, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, soil loss control ratio and engineering measure slag interception rate are as follows: The topsoil protection rate, soil and water loss control degree, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate, soil loss control ratio and engineering measures slag interception rate are calculated through topsoil protection rate = (topsoil protection amount / disturbed topsoil amount) × 100%, total soil and water loss control degree = (soil and water loss prevention area / soil and water loss area in construction area) × 100%, forest and grass vegetation recovery rate = (forest and grass vegetation recovery area / recoverable vegetation area) × 100%, soil loss control ratio = (allowable soil loss amount / average soil loss amount after control) × 100% and engineering measures slag interception rate = (actual slag interception amount / relevant total amount) × 100%.

7. The model calculation method based on soil and water conservation data monitoring according to claim 6 is characterized in that: According to the set warning rules, the specific way to determine and generate different warning levels is as follows: Topsoil protection rate: the prevention and control target value is ≥95%, the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; total water and soil loss control degree: the prevention and control target value is ≥93%, the warning threshold is <93%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; soil loss control ratio: the prevention and control target value is ≥1%, the warning threshold is <1%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; engineering measures slag interception rate: the prevention and control target value is ≥95%, the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange; forest and grass vegetation restoration rate: the prevention and control target value is ≥95%, the warning threshold is <95%. When the warning threshold is reached, the warning level is orange.

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