A triangular fertilization method for sugarcane

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of crop fertilization technology, specifically relating to a triangular fertilization method for sugarcane. This application implements triangular fertilization for sugarcane, classifying sugarcane into two types: newly planted sugarcane and ratooned sugarcane. For newly planted sugarcane, fertilization is applied in the top corner furrow at the time of planting, with a depth of 5-10 cm, and in the bottom corner along the middle of the sugarcane row during the tillering stage, with a depth of 30-35 cm. For ratooned sugarcane, triangular fertilization is performed once within 7 days of sugarcane harvest or during the tillering stage, with a fertilization depth of 30-35 cm at the halfway point of the sugarcane row, and 15-20 cm at the one-quarter and three-quarter points of the row. This invention provides a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and precise soil fertilization method for sugarcane, helping farmers increase their income.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a triangular fertilization method for sugarcane, belonging to the field of crop fertilization technology. Background Technology

[0002] Because fertilization plays a crucial role in achieving high yields and high sugar content in sugarcane, the reduction of chemical fertilizer use and the application of scientific fertilization techniques are receiving increasing attention. Current fertilization methods aim to improve fertilizer utilization by adjusting the composition ratio of fertilizers or the timing of application, but these methods still face challenges such as failing to meet the urgent nutrient needs of deep soil roots, especially new roots, and increasing labor costs.

[0003] Therefore, a new, efficient fertilization method for sugarcane is needed. This method should not only meet the nutrient absorption and growth patterns of sugarcane, but also enable efficient nutrient absorption by new root systems and guide their growth towards the fertilized area, especially into deeper soil layers. It should also promote more efficient and environmentally friendly sugarcane fertilization, thereby increasing sugarcane yields and helping farmers increase their income. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problems of extensive fertilization and inaccurate fertilization location leading to low fertilizer utilization rates in existing sugarcane fertilization techniques. It provides a triangular fertilization method for sugarcane, enabling precise and effective fertilization management. This invention aligns with the requirements of green transformation and high-quality development in the sugarcane industry. By considering the root spatial distribution of newly planted and ratooned sugarcane during fertilization, it changes the traditional fertilization technique by implementing triangular fertilization management. This improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduces fertilizer losses, and achieves mechanized, precise, spatial, simplified, and green management of sugarcane, thereby increasing farmers' fertilization efficiency and reducing fertilizer costs.

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention achieves its objective through the following technical solution:

[0006] This application provides a triangular fertilization method for sugarcane, including newly planted sugarcane or ratooned sugarcane.

[0007] Furthermore, when the sugarcane used for sugar production is newly planted, the triangular fertilization method includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) When planting sugarcane, apply fertilizer for the first time along the direction of planting the sugarcane seedlings. The depth of the first application of fertilizer is 5-10 cm.

[0009] (2) At the end of the tillering stage of sugarcane, combine with inter-row cultivation and hilling, and apply fertilizer for the second time along the middle of the sugarcane row. The depth of the second fertilizer application is 30-35 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, when the sugarcane used for sugar production is ratooning sugarcane, the triangular fertilization method includes the following steps:

[0011] Within 7 days of sugarcane harvest or during the tillering stage of ratoon sugarcane, a one-time triangular fertilization is performed at the interval between two rows of sugarcane. The triangular fertilization includes a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point, and a third fertilization point. The first fertilization point is positioned horizontally in the middle of the interval X, with a depth of 30-35 cm. The second and third fertilization points are symmetrically positioned horizontally on both sides of the first fertilization point, with a spacing of 1 / 2X between them, and a depth of 15-20 cm for each.

[0012] Furthermore, the newly planted sugarcane seedlings are one or more of the following varieties: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Guiliu 05-136, and Yuetang 93-159.

[0013] Furthermore, the top corner fertilization of newly planted sugarcane is mechanized, with two or three furrows for fertilization, which is completed at the same time as the sugarcane seedlings are planted, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 10%-20% of the total amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of sugarcane.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom corner fertilization of newly planted sugarcane involves fertilizing on both sides of the sugarcane row, forming a triangular fertilization with the top corner fertilization in the sugarcane furrow. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 80%-90% of the total fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of the sugarcane.

[0015] Furthermore, triangular fertilization is carried out on ratooned sugarcane in each sugarcane row, with the first fertilization point accounting for 50% of the total fertilization during the entire growth period, and the second and third fertilization points each accounting for 25% of the total fertilization during the entire growth period.

[0016] Furthermore, the fertilizer used for sugarcane fertilization is a sugarcane soil-tested formula fertilizer, including sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and sugarcane compound fertilizer, a new type of green fertilizer; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content in the sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 17:7:9; the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content in the sugarcane compound fertilizer is 21:11:12.

[0017] Beneficial effects

[0018] (1) It has achieved precise fertilization of sugarcane and significantly improved the utilization rate of sugarcane fertilizer.

[0019] This invention innovates fertilization methods for newly planted and ratooned sugarcane, providing specific locations and amounts for fertilization. It matches the sugarcane's nutrient absorption patterns and root growth and development patterns, improving fertilizer utilization. The agronomical utilization rate of sugarcane fertilizer is increased by 7.17-16.60 kg / kg, and the partial productivity is increased by 21.72-43.19 kg / kg, promoting the reduction of chemical fertilizer use and unlocking the potential for sugarcane yield and sugar content. Furthermore, this invention, based on different sugarcane growing area types, allows for two-stage and one-stage fertilization, meeting the nutrient requirements of sugarcane at different growth stages. By applying the appropriate fertilizer at the right location and time using the right method, it maximizes the sugarcane's nutrient needs and achieves highly efficient fertilizer utilization.

[0020] (2) It increased sugarcane yield and sugar content, thereby increasing farmers' income and the profits of sugar companies.

[0021] Compared to traditional strip fertilization of newly planted sugarcane seedlings, this invention can increase the yield and sugar content of newly planted sugarcane by more than 0.86 tons / mu and more than 0.41 percentage points (absolute values, the same below). Compared to traditional topsoil fertilization and covering with thin soil or no soil covering for ratooned sugarcane, this invention can also increase the yield and sugar content of ratooned sugarcane by more than 1.16 tons / mu and more than 0.81 percentage points, thereby increasing farmers' sugarcane income and sugar production for sugar enterprises. At the same time, this invention also extends the cultivation period of ratooned sugarcane by 1-2 years, thereby reducing the cost of planting sugarcane per unit area for farmers.

[0022] (3) It promotes the growth of sugarcane roots into deeper soil layers and improves the sugarcane's resistance to lodging.

[0023] This invention promotes the growth of sugarcane roots into deeper soil layers, particularly in the middle of two rows of sugarcane, through precise triangular fertilization. This results in a large root system, reshaping the spatial distribution of the sugarcane root system and effectively supporting the growth of the above-ground parts while improving lodging resistance. Extensive field trials have shown that during the seedling stage, the root system of sugarcane is mainly distributed in the 0-20 cm soil layer, with a higher concentration of root tips, which is beneficial for fertilizer absorption and utilization. During the tillering stage, the root system is mainly distributed in the 0-30 cm soil layer, with even greater concentration of root tips in the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm layers, especially the 20-30 cm layer, which is the optimal location for fertilization. Demonstration trials demonstrate that the triangular fertilization method significantly enhances the lodging resistance of sugarcane.

[0024] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the first fertilization of newly planted sugarcane according to the present invention;

[0027] In the figure, 1 is a sugarcane seedling; 2 is a newly planted sugarcane ridge; 3 is a sugarcane soil test and formula fertilizer application; 4 is a soil profile; 5 is the soil layer location for fertilizing the top corner of newly planted sugarcane; and 6 is a sugarcane furrow.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the second fertilization of newly planted sugarcane according to the present invention;

[0029] In the diagram, 1 represents sugarcane seedlings; 2 represents newly planted sugarcane ridges; 3 represents sugarcane soil testing and formula fertilization; 4 represents soil profiles; 5 represents the soil layer location for fertilizing the top corner of newly planted sugarcane; 6 represents sugarcane furrows; 7 represents new sugarcane roots; 8 represents the main stem of sugarcane; 9 represents sugarcane tillers; 10 represents the soil layer location for fertilizing the bottom corner of newly planted sugarcane; and 11 represents the location for triangular fertilization of sugarcane.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization location within 7 days of harvesting ratoon sugarcane according to the present invention;

[0031] In the diagram, 1 represents sugarcane seedlings; 2 represents new sugarcane ridges formed after cultivation and hilling of ratooned sugarcane; 3 represents sugarcane soil testing and formula fertilization; 4 represents soil profiles; 6 represents sugarcane furrows; 7 represents new sugarcane root systems; 11 represents the sugarcane triangular fertilization location; 12 represents the old sugarcane root system; 13 represents the sugarcane stump; 14 represents the fertilization location at 1 / 4 of the sugarcane row; 15 represents the soil fertilization location at 1 / 2 of the sugarcane row; and 16 represents the soil fertilization location at 3 / 4 of the sugarcane row.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization location during the tillering stage of ratoon sugarcane according to the present invention;

[0033] In the diagram, 2 represents the new sugarcane ridges formed after cultivation and hilling of ratooned sugarcane; 3 represents the sugarcane soil testing and formula fertilization; 4 represents the soil profile; 6 represents the sugarcane furrows; 7 represents the new root system of sugarcane; 8 represents the main stem of sugarcane; 9 represents the sugarcane tillers; 11 represents the triangular fertilization location of sugarcane; 12 represents the old root system of sugarcane; 13 represents the sugarcane stump; 14 represents the fertilization location at 1 / 4 of the sugarcane row; 15 represents the soil fertilization location at 1 / 2 of the sugarcane row; and 16 represents the soil fertilization location at 3 / 4 of the sugarcane row. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0035] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the described scope.

[0036] Fertilization needs to meet the nutrient absorption patterns of sugarcane to achieve the target yield, as well as the growth and development patterns of sugarcane. It also needs to satisfy the efficient nutrient absorption characteristics of the new root system and the root's hydrotropism and nutrient tropism. Because the fertilization location of the existing technologies cannot be well coordinated with the nutrient absorption patterns of sugarcane, the amount of fertilizer input is large, the potential for fertilizer utilization is not fully realized, and there is still much room for improvement in sugarcane yield and sugar content potential.

[0037] The rational fertilization method for sugarcane is based on the soil texture, pH, fertility, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio, sugarcane fertilizer utilization rate, target yield, nutrient requirements at each growth stage, nutrient accumulation status, and the condition of the cultivated land. In other words, it involves calculating the types and amounts of fertilizers required for the target harvest yield by analyzing the soil nutrient status and the mineral nutrient composition of sugarcane tissues and organs at each stage in the laboratory.

[0038] This application provides a new fertilization method that not only improves fertilizer utilization and reduces fertilizer loss, but also fully taps the potential of sugarcane yield and sucrose content, promoting the synergistic improvement of sugarcane yield, sucrose content and arable land quality.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The present invention provides a triangular fertilization method for sugarcane, taking newly planted sugarcane as an example, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) In early March 2023, a new sugarcane fertilization experiment was carried out in Nongba Village, Gengma Town, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The experimental plot was prepared by deep plowing and harrowing, and sugarcane seedlings were selected. The high-yield, high-sugar, high-nutrient and high-efficiency new variety Yunzhe 081609 seedlings were selected.

[0042] (2) In mid-March 2023, when sugarcane was planted, the sugarcane planting row spacing was 1.2 m. The first mechanized fertilization was carried out by using a sugarcane planter along the bottom of the sugarcane furrow and the planting direction of the sugarcane seedling Yunzhe 081609. The fertilizer was sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content was 17:7:9), the fertilizer application rate was 24 kg / mu, and the fertilization depth was 8 cm.

[0043] (3) In early June 2023, at the end of the tillering stage of sugarcane, combined with inter-row cultivation and hilling, a second mechanized fertilization was carried out along the middle of the sugarcane row using a sugarcane fertilizer applicator. The fertilizer was a sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 17:7:9), the fertilizer application rate was 96 kg / mu, and the fertilization depth was 35 cm.

[0044] (4) In late August 2023, drones were used to spray sugarcane in the experimental area to strengthen the control of fall armyworm and stem borer;

[0045] (5) In early January 2024, sugarcane in the experimental field was harvested manually.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] 1. Experimental Methods

[0048] According to the method of triangular fertilization of sugarcane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugarcane as an example, after implementing steps (1) and (2) of Example 1, at the end of the tillering stage of sugarcane, a second manual application is carried out on the topsoil of the sugarcane furrow. The fertilizer is sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 17:7:9), and the amount of fertilizer is 96 kg / mu. After fertilization, timely cultivation and hilling are carried out, and then steps (4) and (5) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0049] 2. Experimental Results

[0050] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the change in sugarcane fertilization method had a significant impact on the yield, sucrose content, and fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane. By changing the fertilization location, the agronomical utilization rate and partial productivity of sugarcane fertilizer were significantly improved, thereby promoting the synergistic increase in sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 1 increased by 0.86 t / mu and 0.41 percentage points, respectively. Because sugarcane absorbs nutrients in a pattern of "less at the beginning and end, more in the middle"—meaning less during the seedling and maturity stages and more during the tillering and elongation stages—fertilization should be tailored to this pattern. Most fertilizer should be applied during the tillering and elongation stages, meaning fertilization should be done at the appropriate time (tillering stage). Furthermore, considering the root growth and development patterns of sugarcane during the tillering stage (as seen in the Yunzhe 081609 variety), where roots are primarily distributed in the 0-40 cm soil layer, fertilization should be applied to deeper soil layers, ensuring efficient nutrient utilization. Applying fertilizer to the surface soil of the sugarcane furrows during the tillering stage, even at the correct time, fails to achieve the desired deep root fertilization effect, resulting in insufficient exploitation of sugarcane yield and sugar content potential.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] 1. Experimental Methods

[0053] According to the method of triangular fertilization of sugarcane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugarcane as an example, after implementing step (1) of Example 1, when planting sugarcane, a sugarcane planter is used to apply fertilizer once along the bottom of the sugarcane furrow and the direction of sugarcane seedling planting. The fertilizer is sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 17:7:9), the fertilizer application rate is 120 kg / mu, and the fertilization depth is 8 cm. No topdressing or inter-row cultivation is carried out at the end of the tillering stage of sugarcane. Then, the method is implemented according to step (4) and step (5) of Example 1.

[0054] 2. Experimental Results

[0055] As shown in Table 1, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the change in sugarcane fertilization method had a significant impact on the yield, sucrose content, and fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane. By changing the fertilization location, the agronomical utilization rate and partial productivity of sugarcane fertilizer were significantly improved, thereby promoting a synergistic increase in sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 1 increased by 1.71 t / mu and 0.61 percentage points, respectively. Comparative Example 2 used a single fertilization method, applying all the fertilizer for the entire sugarcane growth period as basal fertilizer in the sugarcane furrow. This method did not better meet the sugarcane's nutrient absorption patterns and root growth and development patterns. The fertilization time and location were not optimal, therefore the fertilization effect was significantly lower than that of Example 1, resulting in relatively lower sugarcane yield and sucrose content.

[0056] Table 1. Effects of different fertilization methods on yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomical utilization rate, and productivity of newly planted sugarcane.

[0057]

[0058] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column of the table indicate significant differences between different fertilization levels at the 5% level; the same applies to the following table; the sugarcane yield in the blank area (no fertilization area) is 5.94 t / mu.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The present invention provides a method for triangular fertilization of sugarcane, taking ratoon sugarcane as an example, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) In early March 2023, a fertilization experiment of ratoon sugarcane was conducted in the sugarcane area of ​​Nongba Village, Gengma Town, Gengma Dai and Wa Autonomous County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province. The first season of ratoon sugarcane with uniform seedling emergence and no obvious gaps in the rows was selected as the experimental plot. The row spacing of the ratoon sugarcane was 1.2 m.

[0062] (2) In late April 2023, during the tillering stage of ratooned sugarcane, a one-time triangular fertilization was carried out in conjunction with inter-row cultivation and hilling, at the interval between two rows of sugarcane. The fertilizer was sugarcane compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 21:11:12). The triangular fertilization included a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point and a third fertilization point. The first fertilization point was located horizontally in the middle of the sugarcane row (0.6 m away from the sugarcane row), with a fertilization depth of 32 cm and a fertilization amount of 50 kg / mu. The second and third fertilization points were located horizontally on both sides of the first fertilization point (0.3 m away from the first fertilization point), with a fertilization depth of 16 cm and a fertilization amount of 25 kg / mu for both fertilization points.

[0063] (3) In late August 2023, drones were used to spray sugarcane in the experimental area to strengthen the prevention and control of sugarcane leaf diseases, fall armyworm and stem borer;

[0064] (4) In late February 2024, sugarcane in the experimental field was harvested manually.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] 1. Experimental Methods

[0067] According to the method of triangular fertilization of sugarcane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of ratoon sugarcane as an example, after implementing step (1) of Example 1, during the tillering stage of sugarcane, fertilizer is applied once along the sugarcane plant by manual broadcasting. The fertilizer is sugarcane compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 21:11:12), and the amount of fertilizer is 100 kg / mu. After fertilization, soil is manually mounded, the soil thickness is about 3-5 cm, and the fertilizer is covered. Then, steps (3) and (4) of Example 1 are implemented.

[0068] 2. Experimental Results

[0069] Table 2 shows that, compared with Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, there was no significant difference in the number of seedlings during the ratoon sugarcane seedling stage before different fertilization methods; the basic seedling number was basically the same for each fertilization method. However, the change in fertilization method during the tillering stage had a significant impact on the yield, sucrose content, and fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane. By changing the fertilization location, the fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane was significantly improved, thereby tapping the potential of sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 3, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 2 increased by 1.66 t / mu and 0.94 percentage points, respectively. Nutrient absorption during the ratoon sugarcane seedling stage can be obtained from the sugarcane stump and from the soil through the old root system; the nutrient demand during the tillering stage is mainly met through fertilization. Comparative Example 3 used a manual application method to apply fertilizer to the topsoil at the base of the sugarcane plant, which mainly met the nutrient requirements of the shallow root system. However, it did not better meet the growth and development patterns of the sugarcane root system, and the fertilization location was not optimal. Therefore, the fertilization effect was poor, resulting in sugarcane yield and sugar content being significantly lower than in Example 2.

[0070] Comparative Example 4

[0071] 1. Experimental Methods

[0072] According to the method of triangular fertilization of sugarcane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugarcane as an example, after implementing step (1) of Example 1, during the tillering period of ratoon sugarcane, fertilizer is applied once along the sugarcane plant by manual broadcasting. The fertilizer is sugarcane compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is 21:11:12), and the amount of fertilizer is 100 kg / mu. The soil is mounded using a sugarcane mounding machine, with a mounding thickness of about 8-10 cm, and the fertilizer is covered. Then, the method is implemented according to step (3) and step (4) of Example 1.

[0073] 2. Experimental Results

[0074] As shown in Table 2, compared with Example 2 and Comparative Example 4, there was no significant difference in the number of seedlings at the ratoon sugarcane seedling stage before different fertilization methods, and the basic seedling number was basically the same for each fertilization method. However, the change in the fertilization method during the tillering stage had a significant impact on the yield, sucrose content, and fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane. By changing the fertilization location, the fertilizer utilization rate of sugarcane was significantly improved, thereby tapping the potential of sugarcane yield and sucrose content. Compared with Comparative Example 4, the sugarcane yield and sucrose content of Example 2 increased by 1.22 t / mu and 1.28 percentage points, respectively. The fertilization methods of Comparative Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 were not significantly different, except that the soil covering thickness was slightly increased. Essentially, the fertilizer was still applied to the topsoil at the base of the sugarcane plant, which did not better meet the growth and development pattern of the sugarcane root system. The fertilization location was not optimal, resulting in a significantly lower sugarcane yield and sucrose content than in Example 2.

[0075] Table 2. Effects of different fertilization methods on yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomical utilization rate, and productivity of ratoon sugarcane.

[0076]

[0077] Note: The sugarcane yield in the blank area is 6.92 t / mu.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] The present invention provides a method for triangular fertilization of sugarcane, taking ratoon sugarcane as an example, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0080] (1) In mid-February 2023, a trial demonstration of fertilization of ratooned sugarcane was conducted in the sugarcane area of ​​Tuanjie Village, Yongping Town, Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County, Puer City, Yunnan Province. The ratooned sugarcane Yunzhe 0551, which had uniform growth in the previous season and no obvious gaps in the rows, was selected as the trial demonstration plot. The row spacing of the ratooned sugarcane was 1.0 m.

[0081] (2) In mid-February 2023, on the third day after the harvest of ratooned sugarcane, a trial demonstration of sugarcane field cleaning and fertilization was carried out. Triangular fertilization was carried out once between two rows of sugarcane. The fertilizer was sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content of 17:7:9). The triangular fertilization included a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point and a third fertilization point. The first fertilization point was located horizontally in the middle of the sugarcane row (0.5 m away from the sugarcane row), with a fertilization depth of 33 cm and a fertilization amount of 60 kg / mu. The second fertilization point and the third fertilization point were located horizontally on both sides of the first fertilization point (0.25 m away from the first fertilization point), with a fertilization depth of 17 cm and a fertilization amount of 30 kg / mu at both fertilization points.

[0082] (3) After fertilizing the third season of ratoon sugarcane Yunzhe 0551, the experimental demonstration plots were covered with plastic film in a timely manner. The plastic film was polyethylene weed control film with the following specifications: film width 1.5 m and film thickness 0.010 mm.

[0083] (4) In early September 2023, drones were used to spray sugarcane in the experimental fertilization area to strengthen the prevention and control of sugarcane leaf diseases, fall armyworm and stem borer;

[0084] (5) In early January 2024, sugarcane in the experimental fertilization plots was harvested manually.

[0085] Comparative Example 5

[0086] 1. Demonstration Method

[0087] According to the method of triangular fertilization of sugarcane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of ratoon sugarcane as an example, after implementing step (1) of Example 1, on the 3rd day after the harvest of ratoon sugarcane, fertilizer is applied once along the surface soil of the ratoon sugarcane stump by manual spreading. The fertilizer is sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 17:7:9), and the amount of fertilizer is 120 kg / mu. After fertilization, the soil is not mounded. Then, the method is implemented according to step (3), step (4) and step (5) of Example 1.

[0088] 2. Demonstration Results

[0089] In the experimental demonstration, compared with Example 3 and Comparative Example 5, the change in fertilization measures for ratoon sugarcane had no significant effect on the seedling density during the ratoon sugarcane seedling stage (Table 3). However, by changing the fertilization location, sugarcane yield, sucrose content, and fertilizer utilization rate were significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 5, the sugarcane yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomical utilization rate, and partial productivity of Example 3 increased by 1.27 t / mu, 0.81 percentage points, 10.59 kg / kg, and 32.08 kg / kg, respectively. In addition to selecting the correct fertilizer and the recommended fertilization amount, the fertilization of ratoon sugarcane must fully consider the nutrient absorption patterns of ratoon sugarcane and the growth and development patterns of the sugarcane root system in order to fully tap the potential of ratoon sugarcane in terms of yield, sucrose content, and fertilizer utilization rate. During the seedling stage, ratoon sugarcane can obtain nutrients from the stubble and from the soil through its old root system. During the tillering stage, its nutrient needs are mainly met through fertilization. Therefore, changing the fertilization location does not affect the emergence of ratoon seedlings, but it significantly impacts later yield and sucrose formation. Furthermore, triangular fertilization can extend the ratoon cultivation period while continuously increasing ratoon sugarcane yield. Based on the yield of the third ratoon season, the yield in the fourth and fifth ratoon seasons can still remain above 5 tons per acre, making it worthwhile to continue cultivating ratoon sugarcane.

[0090] Comparative Example 6

[0091] 1. Demonstration Method

[0092] According to the method of triangular fertilization of sugarcane provided in Example 1, taking the triangular fertilization of newly planted sugarcane as an example, after implementing step (1) of Example 1, on the 3rd day after the harvest of ratoon sugarcane, fertilizer is applied once along the surface soil of the ratoon sugarcane stump by manual spreading. The fertilizer is sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 17:7:9), and the amount of fertilizer is 120 kg / mu. The soil is hilled up using a sugarcane hilling machine, with a hilling thickness of about 3-5 cm, and the fertilizer is covered. Then, the method is implemented according to step (3), step (4) and step (5) of Example 1.

[0093] 2. Demonstration Results

[0094] In the experimental demonstration, compared with Example 3 and Comparative Example 6, the change in fertilization method for ratoon sugarcane did not significantly affect the seedling density during the ratoon sugarcane seedling stage (Table 3). However, by changing the fertilization location, sugarcane yield, sucrose content, and fertilizer utilization rate were significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 6, the sugarcane yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomical utilization rate, and partial productivity of Example 3 increased by 1.16 t / mu, 1.04 percentage points, and 9.67 kg / kg and 29.30 kg / kg, respectively. The effects of Comparative Example 6 and Comparative Example 5 were comparable. Under the condition of mulching, topsoil fertilization followed by hilling had little impact on the yield and sucrose content of ratoon sugarcane. The root system of ratoon sugarcane is generally shallow. In addition to meeting the nutrient absorption needs of the shallow root system, it is also necessary to meet the nutrient absorption needs of the deep root system and guide the root system to grow into the deeper soil. Therefore, when ratooned sugarcane seedlings emerge uniformly, changing the traditional topsoil fertilization or shallow soil fertilization method to triangular fertilization can improve fertilizer utilization and have a significant impact on the later yield and sucrose formation of ratooned sugarcane.

[0095] Table 3. Effects of different fertilization methods on yield, sucrose content, fertilizer agronomical utilization rate, and productivity of ratoon sugarcane.

[0096]

[0097] Note: The sugarcane yield in the blank area is 4.03 t / mu.

[0098] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A triangular fertilization method for sugarcane, characterized in that, The sugarcane used for sugar production includes newly planted sugarcane or ratooned sugarcane. When the sugarcane used for sugar production is newly planted sugarcane, the triangular fertilization method includes the following steps: (1) When planting sugarcane, the first fertilization is carried out along the direction of planting the sugarcane seedlings, and the depth of the first fertilization is 5-10cm. (2) At the end of the tillering stage of sugarcane, in conjunction with inter-row cultivation and hilling, a second fertilization is carried out along the middle of the sugarcane row, and the depth of the second fertilization is 30-35cm. The aforementioned top-angle fertilization of newly planted sugarcane is mechanized, involving two or three furrows of fertilization, which is completed simultaneously with the planting of sugarcane seedlings, and the amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 10%-20% of the total amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of sugarcane. The aforementioned bottom corner fertilization of newly planted sugarcane involves fertilizing on both sides of the sugarcane row, forming a triangular fertilization with the fertilization position at the top corner in the sugarcane furrow. The amount of fertilizer applied accounts for 80%-90% of the total amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of the sugarcane. When the sugarcane used for sugar production is ratoon sugarcane, the triangular fertilization method includes the following steps: Within 7 days of sugarcane harvest or during the tillering stage of ratoon sugarcane, a one-time triangular fertilization is performed at the interval between two rows of sugarcane. The triangular fertilization includes a first fertilization point, a second fertilization point, and a third fertilization point. The first fertilization point is horizontally positioned at the middle of the interval X, with a depth of 30-35cm. The second and third fertilization points are symmetrically positioned on both sides of the first fertilization point, with a spacing of 1 / 2X between them, and a depth of 15-20cm for each. The ratooned sugarcane is fertilized in three furrows in each sugarcane row, that is, triangular fertilization is carried out in the sugarcane row. The amount of fertilizer applied at the first fertilization point accounts for 50% of the total amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of the sugarcane, while the amount of fertilizer applied at the second and third fertilization points each accounts for 25% of the total amount of fertilizer applied during the entire growth period of the sugarcane.

2. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The newly planted sugarcane seedlings are one or more of the following varieties: Yunzhe 081609, Yunzhe 05-51, Guiliu 05-136, and Yuetang 93-159.

3. The triangular fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilizer used for sugarcane fertilization is a sugarcane soil testing and formula fertilizer, including sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and sugarcane compound fertilizer, a new type of green fertilizer; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sugarcane organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 17:7:9; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sugarcane compound fertilizer is 21:11:12.

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