Agricultural irrigation mode intelligent regulation and control system and method based on climatic environment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of intelligent irrigation, in particular to an agricultural irrigation mode intelligent regulation and control system and method based on the climatic environment, and the system comprises a channel irrigation module, a sensing permeation module, a soil testing module, a crop modeling module and an irrigation regulation module, the sensing permeation module is used for obtaining the water level and calculating the soil permeation intensity, the soil testing module is used for selecting a testing area and testing the soil moisture content, the crop modeling module is used for modeling a farmland and calculating the crop water demand intensity, and the irrigation adjusting module is used for adjusting the irrigation flow. The production cost is reduced, the automation level of farmland irrigation is improved, the automatic monitoring of soil moisture is realized, the farmland irrigation strategy is optimized, and the saving of agricultural irrigation resources and the protection of the farmland environment are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent irrigation, and in particular to an intelligent control system and method for agricultural irrigation modes based on climate environment. Background Art

[0002] Irrigation systems often use canal irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and other methods to irrigate farmland, but due to environmental parameters, it is impossible to accurately control the amount of irrigation water. Intelligent irrigation systems use modern information technology and automation equipment to optimize the farmland irrigation process. Through sensors, the Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, they monitor soil moisture, meteorological conditions, crop growth conditions and other data in real time, thereby automatically adjusting the irrigation system to ensure that crops get the right amount of water.

[0003] Since farmland is distributed over a wide area and the climate, topography and groundwater environment of farmland in different places are different, the change in soil moisture content has different sensitivities, making it difficult to use a unified algorithm to regulate water resources. Especially when different crops are intercropped in farmland, there are differences in water requirements among the crops. A large number of monitoring equipment is needed to obtain the information needed for irrigation regulation, which increases the regulation cost of the intelligent irrigation system.

[0004] In addition, the selection of irrigation methods is also one of the difficulties faced by intelligent irrigation. Channel irrigation has a large amount of water but severe evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are easily affected by external factors, and it is difficult to regulate the amount of water when precipitation occurs. Currently, a combination of multiple irrigation methods is often used for irrigation, but it is difficult to coordinate with each other, resulting in unsatisfactory irrigation results. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent control system and method for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment, comprising: a channel irrigation module, a sensor penetration module, a soil testing module, a crop modeling module and an irrigation regulation module; The channel irrigation module is used to set up an open irrigation channel in the farmland, and set up a closed underground channel at a uniform depth at the bottom of the open channel. The depth of the closed underground channel is lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the underground channel. The bottom of the underground channel is connected to a water pipe, which runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The sensing infiltration module is used to set water level sensors in the open channel and the culvert. When irrigation starts, irrigation water is filled into the open channel until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value, and then the water supply is stopped. When all the water in the open channel infiltrates into the culvert, the soil infiltration strength is calculated according to the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time, and the water pipe is pressurized according to the soil infiltration strength to enter the irrigation preparation program; The soil testing module is used to select a farmland area adjacent to an open channel as a test area. Except for the upper surface and the side of the adjacent open channel, the other surfaces of the test area are closed by impermeable materials. Water is pumped into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. The current moisture content of the soil in the farmland is calculated based on the flow rate of the pumped water and the seepage flow rate of the open channel, and the total irrigation water consumption is calculated based on the area, topography and soil moisture content of the farmland. The crop modeling module is used to obtain environmental data of farmland through data provided by environmental sensors or meteorological departments, input soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data into a computer, use a model building tool to model the farmland, calculate the water demand intensity of crops through the model, automatically adjust the water pipe flow according to the water demand intensity, and supply water to crops; The irrigation regulation module is used to calculate the actual precipitation according to the open channel water level, the culvert water level and the channel opening when precipitation occurs, apply the actual precipitation to the farmland, update the soil moisture content and reconstruct the farmland model, adjust the irrigation flow to the crops, and issue a water level warning signal when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0007] Further, the channel irrigation module includes: an open channel irrigation unit, a hidden channel irrigation unit and a pipeline irrigation unit; The open channel irrigation unit is arranged on the surface of the farmland soil layer, and is used to receive rainwater and irrigation water, and provide farmland drainage function; The underground channel irrigation unit is arranged in the vertical direction of the bottom of the open channel, and is made of impermeable materials except for the upper surface, and is used to undertake the functions of water storage and soil measurement; The pipeline irrigation unit is connected to the underground channel and has a pressurizing function, and is used to transfer the water flow stored in the underground channel to various places in the farmland to irrigate crops.

[0008] Further, the sensing penetration module includes: a sensor unit and a penetration calculation unit; The sensor unit is used to detect the water level in the canal, detect the temperature, humidity and meteorological data in the environment, and transmit the data to the computer; The permeability calculation unit is used to calculate the average permeability of the soil according to the water flow permeability state between the open channel and the underground channel.

[0009] Further, the soil testing module includes: a soil testing unit and a water content testing unit; The test earthwork unit is used to select a test area at a random position in the farmland, and to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork using the soil in the test area; The moisture testing unit is used to inject water into the test soil and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil according to the water injection volume and seepage volume.

[0010] Further, the crop modeling module includes: an electronic control unit, an environmental monitoring unit and a water quantity calculation unit; The electronic control unit is used to build a computer processing platform, receive sensor data from each sensor, and provide modeling and calculation tools; The environmental monitoring unit is used to model the area where each crop is located according to the acquired soil data and environmental data; The water quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the actual water demand intensity of the crop through the test data of the crop type and the established farmland model.

[0011] Further, the irrigation regulation module includes: a water pressure adjustment unit and a precipitation update unit; The water pressure adjustment unit is used to adjust the water pressure inside the pipeline according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow rate is equal to the simulated value of the water demand flow rate; The precipitation updating unit is used to calculate the actual precipitation during the precipitation process, adjust the irrigation flow according to the precipitation, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0012] A method for intelligently regulating agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment comprises the following steps: Step S1. A culvert is set at a fixed depth at the bottom of an open irrigation channel in a farmland. The culvert is made of impermeable materials except for the upper surface. Water level sensors are set in both the open channel and the culvert. A water pipe is connected to the bottom of the culvert. The water pipe runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Step S2. Fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value, then stop supplying water. When all the water in the open channel has infiltrated into the culvert, calculate the soil permeability according to the infiltration principle based on the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time. Step S3. Select a test area in a farmland plot adjacent to the open channel, so that the test area is closed by impermeable materials except for the upper surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel, and pump water into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the flow rate of water infiltrating into the open channel reaches a preset value, and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil in the test area according to the water injection volume and the seepage volume; Step S4. Obtaining environmental data of the farmland through data provided by environmental sensors or meteorological departments, modeling the farmland according to soil data, environmental data and crop data, obtaining a farmland irrigation model, calculating the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland using the farmland irrigation model, and automatically adjusting the irrigation flow at each crop according to the water demand intensity; Step S5. When precipitation occurs, the actual precipitation is calculated based on the soil permeability and the rising speed of the water level in the open channel and the culvert. The farmland irrigation model is reconstructed according to the precipitation and the irrigation flow is adjusted. An early warning is issued when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0013] Further, step S1 includes: Step S11. A culvert is set in the underground space in the vertical direction at the bottom of the open channel, and an impermeable or one-way permeable material is used as the connecting wall between the open channel and the culvert in the vertical direction. The filling depth of the culvert needs to be lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert so that the water flow in the open channel can infiltrate into the culvert. The average pore size of the homogeneous soil is consistent with that of the soil in the farmland. Step S12. Water level sensors are set in the open channel and the culvert, and the sensor signals are connected to the main control computer. A water supply pipe with a pressurization function is set at the bottom of the culvert. The water supply pipe runs through the farmland. The water supply pipe is connected to the irrigation nozzles under each crop to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The pressure of the water supply pipe is controlled by the main control computer to adjust the irrigation flow of each nozzle.

[0014] Further, step S2 includes: Step S21. When irrigation starts, the open channel is continuously filled with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value, and the water in the open channel is allowed to seep into the culvert, and the total filling flow rate of the irrigation water and the seepage time are recorded; Step S22. Calculate the soil permeability strength according to the permeability height, filling flow rate and permeability time by the permeability principle. The calculation method of the soil permeability strength is as follows: ; Among them, i is the soil permeability, ts is the seepage time, Q represents the filling flow, H1 and H2 represent the absolute heights of the bottom of the open channel and the top of the culvert, respectively, PL represents the average water pressure in the open channel, which is obtained by the bottom area of ​​the open channel and the real-time water level, S is the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the open channel, g is the gravitational acceleration, and p is the density of water.

[0015] Further, step S3 includes: Step S31. Select a test area in the farmland adjacent to the open channel, use the soil in the test area to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork, so that the test earthwork, except for the upper surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel, is sealed with impermeable materials, and the water pipe adjacent to the culvert passes through the bottom surface of the test earthwork and is inserted into the soil in the test earthwork; Step S32. Supply water to the test soil through the water pipe, so that the test soil seeps into the open channel until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value, close the water pipe valve, and record the water flow injection volume of the water pipe at this time; Step S33. Calculate the initial moisture content of the soil in the test area according to the water injection volume and the seepage volume. The calculation method is: L0=(Q0-Q1) / V, where L0 represents the initial moisture content of the soil, Q0 represents the water injection volume, Q1 represents the seepage volume, and V represents the volume of the test soil. Q1=∮ (0,D) SR·D,∮ (0,D) SR represents the surface integral of the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the open channel in the vertical direction, with the integration limit being (0, D), where D is the preset height of the water level in the open channel.

[0016] Further, step S4 includes: Step S41. Build a computer processing platform to receive environmental data provided by environmental sensors installed in the farmland or meteorological departments, conduct water demand tests on crops planted in the farmland, obtain irrigation requirements of crops per unit area, and evaluate growth indicators of each crop; Step S42. Model the farmland according to the soil data, environmental data and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model, and calculate the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland in the following manner: ; Among them, N is the water demand intensity of crops, u is the growth index of crops, L0 is the initial moisture content of soil, B is the precipitation, E c is the evaporation intensity of farmland, i is the soil infiltration intensity, C is the farmland area, H z is the basic soil moisture content, obtained from the groundwater data of the farmland, and w is the irrigation demand of the crop; Step S43: Adjust the irrigation flow of the land where the crops are located according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow QR=N·a, where a is a preset amplification factor.

[0017] Further, step S5 includes: Step S51. When precipitation occurs, the water level sensor in the open channel detects the water level change, wakes up the water level sensor in the culvert, detects the time for the water in the open channel to infiltrate the culvert, calculates the filling flow in the open channel according to the water level height of the open channel, the soil permeability and the infiltration time, divides the filling flow by the precipitation time, and obtains the actual precipitation; Step S52: Integrate the precipitation factor into the farmland irrigation model, adjust the irrigation flow rate at each crop, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow rate drops to a preset value.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: The present invention can set up a closed culvert at a uniform height at the bottom of the open channel, connect a water pipe at the bottom of the culvert, and the water pipe runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. When irrigation begins, it is only necessary to fill the open channel with irrigation water, which simplifies the irrigation process, can effectively improve the utilization rate of water resources, reduce production costs, and improve the level of automation of farmland irrigation.

[0019] The present invention can calculate the soil permeability intensity according to the water storage speed and relative height of the open channel and the culvert, select the farmland area adjacent to the open channel as the test area, conduct a permeability test into the test area through the culvert pipeline, calculate the farmland soil moisture content according to the open channel water level change, and when precipitation occurs, calculate the precipitation amount according to the open channel water level parameters and update the soil moisture content, thereby realizing automatic monitoring of soil moisture, avoiding soil water shortage and over-irrigation, and optimizing the farmland irrigation strategy.

[0020] The present invention can model farmland according to soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data, calculate the water demand intensity of crops, supply water to crops according to the water demand intensity, dynamically adjust the irrigation amount, and reduce unnecessary water resource consumption, thereby effectively improving agricultural production efficiency, promoting the conservation of agricultural irrigation resources and the protection of the farmland environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of a method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation modes based on climate environment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1 ,The present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment, including: a channel irrigation module, a sensor penetration module, a soil testing module, a crop modeling module and an irrigation regulation module; The channel irrigation module is used to set up an open irrigation channel in the farmland, and set up a closed underground channel at a uniform depth at the bottom of the open channel. The depth of the closed underground channel is lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the underground channel. The bottom of the underground channel is connected to a water pipe, which runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The channel irrigation module includes: an open channel irrigation unit, a hidden channel irrigation unit and a pipeline irrigation unit; The open channel irrigation unit is arranged on the surface of the farmland soil layer, and is used to receive rainwater and irrigation water, and provide farmland drainage function; The underground channel irrigation unit is arranged in the vertical direction of the bottom of the open channel, and is made of impermeable materials except for the upper surface, and is used to undertake the functions of water storage and soil measurement; The pipeline irrigation unit is connected to the underground channel and has a pressurizing function, and is used to transfer the water flow stored in the underground channel to various places in the farmland to irrigate crops.

[0024] The sensing infiltration module is used to set water level sensors in the open channel and the culvert. When irrigation starts, irrigation water is filled into the open channel until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value, and then the water supply is stopped. When all the water in the open channel infiltrates into the culvert, the soil infiltration strength is calculated according to the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time, and the water pipe is pressurized according to the soil infiltration strength to enter the irrigation preparation program; The sensing penetration module includes: a sensor unit and a penetration calculation unit; The sensor unit is used to detect the water level in the canal, detect the temperature, humidity and meteorological data in the environment, and transmit the data to the computer; The permeability calculation unit is used to calculate the average permeability of the soil according to the water flow permeability state between the open channel and the underground channel.

[0025] The soil testing module is used to select a farmland area adjacent to an open channel as a test area. Except for the upper surface and the side of the adjacent open channel, the other surfaces of the test area are closed by impermeable materials. Water is pumped into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. The current moisture content of the soil in the farmland is calculated based on the flow rate of the pumped water and the seepage flow rate of the open channel, and the total irrigation water consumption is calculated based on the area, topography and soil moisture content of the farmland. The soil testing module includes: a soil testing unit and a water content testing unit; The test earthwork unit is used to select a test area at a random position in the farmland, and to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork using the soil in the test area; The moisture testing unit is used to inject water into the test soil and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil according to the water injection volume and seepage volume.

[0026] The crop modeling module is used to obtain environmental data of farmland through data provided by environmental sensors or meteorological departments, input soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data into a computer, use a model building tool to model the farmland, calculate the water demand intensity of crops through the model, automatically adjust the water pipe flow according to the water demand intensity, and supply water to crops; The crop modeling module includes: an electronic control unit, an environmental monitoring unit and a water quantity calculation unit; The electronic control unit is used to build a computer processing platform, receive sensor data from each sensor, and provide modeling and calculation tools; The environmental monitoring unit is used to model the area where each crop is located according to the acquired soil data and environmental data; The water quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the actual water demand intensity of the crop through the test data of the crop type and the established farmland model.

[0027] The irrigation regulation module is used to calculate the actual precipitation according to the open channel water level, the culvert water level and the channel opening when precipitation occurs, apply the actual precipitation to the farmland, update the soil moisture content and reconstruct the farmland model, adjust the irrigation flow to the crops, and issue a water level warning signal when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0028] The irrigation regulation module includes: a water pressure adjustment unit and a precipitation update unit; The water pressure adjustment unit is used to adjust the water pressure inside the pipeline according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow rate is equal to the simulated value of the water demand flow rate; The precipitation updating unit is used to calculate the actual precipitation during the precipitation process, adjust the irrigation flow according to the precipitation, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0029] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for intelligently regulating agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment comprises the following steps: Step S1. A culvert is set at a fixed depth at the bottom of an open irrigation channel in a farmland. The culvert is made of impermeable materials except for the upper surface. Water level sensors are set in both the open channel and the culvert. A water pipe is connected to the bottom of the culvert. The water pipe runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Step S1 includes: Step S11. A culvert is set in the underground space in the vertical direction at the bottom of the open channel, and an impermeable or one-way permeable material is used as the connecting wall between the open channel and the culvert in the vertical direction. The filling depth of the culvert needs to be lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert so that the water flow in the open channel can infiltrate into the culvert. The average pore size of the homogeneous soil is consistent with that of the soil in the farmland. Step S12. Water level sensors are set in the open channel and the culvert, and the sensor signals are connected to the main control computer. A water supply pipe with a pressurization function is set at the bottom of the culvert. The water supply pipe runs through the farmland. The water supply pipe is connected to the irrigation nozzles under each crop to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The pressure of the water supply pipe is controlled by the main control computer to adjust the irrigation flow of each nozzle.

[0030] Step S2. Fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value, then stop supplying water. When all the water in the open channel has infiltrated into the culvert, calculate the soil permeability according to the infiltration principle based on the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time. Step S2 includes: Step S21. When irrigation starts, the open channel is continuously filled with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value, and the water in the open channel is allowed to seep into the culvert, and the total filling flow rate of the irrigation water and the seepage time are recorded; Step S22. Calculate the soil permeability strength according to the permeability height, filling flow rate and permeability time by the permeability principle. The calculation method of the soil permeability strength is as follows: ; Among them, i is the soil permeability, ts is the seepage time, Q represents the filling flow, H1 and H2 represent the absolute heights of the bottom of the open channel and the top of the culvert, respectively, PL represents the average water pressure in the open channel, which is obtained by the bottom area of ​​the open channel and the real-time water level, S is the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the open channel, g is the gravitational acceleration, and p is the density of water.

[0031] Step S3. Select a test area in a farmland plot adjacent to the open channel, so that the test area is closed by impermeable materials except for the upper surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel, and pump water into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the flow rate of water infiltrating into the open channel reaches a preset value, and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil in the test area according to the water injection volume and the seepage volume; Step S3 includes: Step S31. Select a test area in the farmland adjacent to the open channel, use the soil in the test area to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork, so that the test earthwork, except for the upper surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel, is sealed with impermeable materials, and the water pipe adjacent to the culvert passes through the bottom surface of the test earthwork and is inserted into the soil in the test earthwork; Step S32. Supply water to the test soil through the water pipe, so that the test soil seeps into the open channel until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value, close the water pipe valve, and record the water flow injection volume of the water pipe at this time; Step S33. Calculate the initial moisture content of the soil in the test area according to the water injection volume and the seepage volume. The calculation method is: L0=(Q0-Q1) / V, where L0 represents the initial moisture content of the soil, Q0 represents the water injection volume, Q1 represents the seepage volume, and V represents the volume of the test soil. Q1=∮ (0,D) SR·D,∮ (0,D) SR represents the surface integral of the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the open channel in the vertical direction, with the integration limit being (0, D), where D is the preset height of the water level in the open channel.

[0032] Step S4. Obtaining environmental data of the farmland through data provided by environmental sensors or meteorological departments, modeling the farmland according to soil data, environmental data and crop data, obtaining a farmland irrigation model, calculating the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland using the farmland irrigation model, and automatically adjusting the irrigation flow at each crop according to the water demand intensity; Step S4 includes: Step S41. Build a computer processing platform to receive environmental data provided by environmental sensors installed in the farmland or meteorological departments, conduct water demand tests on crops planted in the farmland, obtain irrigation requirements of crops per unit area, and evaluate growth indicators of each crop; Step S42. Model the farmland according to the soil data, environmental data and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model, and calculate the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland in the following manner: ; Among them, N is the water demand intensity of crops, u is the growth index of crops, L0 is the initial moisture content of soil, B is the precipitation, E c is the evaporation intensity of farmland, i is the soil infiltration intensity, C is the farmland area, H z is the basic soil moisture content, obtained from the groundwater data of the farmland, and w is the irrigation demand of the crop; Step S43: Adjust the irrigation flow of the land where the crops are located according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow QR=N·a, where a is a preset amplification factor.

[0033] Step S5. When precipitation occurs, the actual precipitation is calculated based on the soil permeability and the rising speed of the water level in the open channel and the culvert. The farmland irrigation model is reconstructed according to the precipitation and the irrigation flow is adjusted. An early warning is issued when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

[0034] Step S5 includes: Step S51. When precipitation occurs, the water level sensor in the open channel detects the water level change, wakes up the water level sensor in the culvert, detects the time for the water in the open channel to infiltrate the culvert, calculates the filling flow in the open channel according to the water level height of the open channel, the soil permeability and the infiltration time, divides the filling flow by the precipitation time, and obtains the actual precipitation; Step S52: Integrate the precipitation factor into the farmland irrigation model, adjust the irrigation flow rate at each crop, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow rate drops to a preset value.

[0035] Example: The vertical height between the open channel and the culvert is 1m, and the water injection volume is 10m 3 When the water level in the open channel reaches 0.2m, it will all seep into the culvert after 5 minutes. The horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the open channel is 1m 2 , the average water pressure is 10N / m 2 , then the soil permeability is 2*10 -3 m 3 / min, and upload the penetration intensity to the main control computer.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1. A culvert is set at a fixed depth at the bottom of an open irrigation channel in a farmland. The culvert is made of impermeable materials except for the upper surface. Water level sensors are set in both the open channel and the culvert. A water pipe is connected to the bottom of the culvert. The water pipe runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Step S2. Fill the open channel with irrigation water until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value, then stop supplying water. When all the water in the open channel has infiltrated into the culvert, calculate the soil permeability according to the infiltration principle based on the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time. Step S3. Select a test area in a farmland plot adjacent to the open channel, so that the test area is closed by impermeable materials except for the upper surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel, and pump water into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the flow rate of water infiltrating into the open channel reaches a preset value, and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil in the test area according to the water injection volume and the seepage volume; Step S4. Obtaining environmental data of the farmland through data provided by environmental sensors or meteorological departments, modeling the farmland according to soil data, environmental data and crop data, obtaining a farmland irrigation model, calculating the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland using the farmland irrigation model, and automatically adjusting the irrigation flow at each crop according to the water demand intensity; Step S5. When precipitation occurs, the actual precipitation is calculated based on the soil permeability and the rising speed of the water level in the open channel and the culvert. The farmland irrigation model is reconstructed according to the precipitation and the irrigation flow is adjusted. An early warning is issued when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

2. The method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step S1 includes: Step S11. A culvert is set in the underground space in the vertical direction at the bottom of the open channel, and an impermeable or one-way permeable material is used as the connecting wall between the open channel and the culvert in the vertical direction. The filling depth of the culvert needs to be lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the culvert so that the water flow in the open channel can infiltrate into the culvert. The average pore size of the homogeneous soil is consistent with that of the soil in the farmland. Step S12. Water level sensors are set in the open channel and the culvert, and the sensor signals are connected to the main control computer. A water supply pipe with a pressurization function is set at the bottom of the culvert. The water supply pipe runs through the farmland. The water supply pipe is connected to the irrigation nozzles under each crop to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The pressure of the water supply pipe is controlled by the main control computer to adjust the irrigation flow of each nozzle.

3. The method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Step S2 includes: Step S21. When irrigation starts, the open channel is continuously filled with irrigation water until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value, and the water in the open channel is allowed to seep into the culvert, and the total filling flow rate of the irrigation water and the seepage time are recorded; Step S22. Calculate the soil permeability strength according to the permeability height, filling flow rate and permeability time by the permeability principle. The calculation method of the soil permeability strength is as follows: ； Among them, i is the soil permeability, ts is the seepage time, Q represents the filling flow, H1 and H2 represent the absolute heights of the bottom of the open channel and the top of the culvert, respectively, PL represents the average water pressure in the open channel, which is obtained by the bottom area of ​​the open channel and the real-time water level, S is the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the bottom of the open channel, g is the gravitational acceleration, and p is the density of water.

4. The method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Step S3 includes: Step S31. Select a test area in the farmland adjacent to the open channel, use the soil in the test area to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork, so that the test earthwork, except for the upper surface and the side surface adjacent to the open channel, is sealed with impermeable materials, and the water pipe adjacent to the culvert passes through the bottom surface of the test earthwork and is inserted into the soil in the test earthwork; Step S32. Supply water to the test soil through the water pipe, so that the test soil seeps into the open channel until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value, close the water pipe valve, and record the water flow injection volume of the water pipe at this time; Step S33. Calculate the initial moisture content of the soil in the test area according to the water injection volume and the seepage volume. The calculation method is: L0=(Q0-Q1) / V, where L0 represents the initial moisture content of the soil, Q0 represents the water injection volume, Q1 represents the seepage volume, and V represents the volume of the test soil. Q1=∮ (0,D) SR·D,∮ (0,D) SR represents the surface integral of the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the open channel in the vertical direction, with the integration limit being (0, D), where D is the preset height of the water level in the open channel.

5. The method for intelligently controlling agricultural irrigation patterns based on climate environment according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Step S4 includes: Step S41. Build a computer processing platform to receive environmental data provided by environmental sensors installed in the farmland or meteorological departments, conduct water demand tests on crops planted in the farmland, obtain irrigation requirements of crops per unit area, and evaluate growth indicators of each crop; Step S42. Model the farmland according to the soil data, environmental data and crop data to obtain a farmland irrigation model, and calculate the water demand intensity of each crop in the farmland in the following manner: ； Among them, N is the water demand intensity of crops, u is the growth index of crops, L0 is the initial moisture content of soil, B is the precipitation, E c is the evaporation intensity of farmland, i is the soil infiltration intensity, C is the farmland area, H z is the basic soil moisture content, obtained from the groundwater data of the farmland, and w is the irrigation demand of the crop; Step S43. Adjust the irrigation flow of the land where the crop is located according to the water demand intensity of the crop, so that the irrigation flow QR=N·a, where a is a preset amplification factor; Step S5 includes: Step S51. When precipitation occurs, the water level sensor in the open channel detects the water level change, wakes up the water level sensor in the culvert, detects the time for the water in the open channel to infiltrate the culvert, calculates the filling flow in the open channel according to the water level height of the open channel, the soil permeability and the infiltration time, divides the filling flow by the precipitation time, and obtains the actual precipitation; Step S52: Integrate the precipitation factor into the farmland irrigation model, adjust the irrigation flow rate at each crop, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow rate drops to a preset value.

6. An intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment, characterized in that: The system includes the following modules: a channel irrigation module, a sensing infiltration module, a soil testing module, a crop modeling module, and an irrigation regulation module; The channel irrigation module is used to set up an open irrigation channel in the farmland, and set up a closed underground channel at a uniform depth at the bottom of the open channel. The depth of the closed underground channel is lower than the planting depth of the crop. Homogeneous soil is filled between the open channel and the underground channel. The bottom of the underground channel is connected to a water pipe, which runs through the farmland to supply water to the crops in the form of drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. The sensing infiltration module is used to set water level sensors in the open channel and the culvert. When irrigation starts, irrigation water is filled into the open channel until the water volume in the open channel reaches a preset value, and then the water supply is stopped. When all the water in the open channel infiltrates into the culvert, the soil infiltration strength is calculated according to the infiltration height, filling flow rate and infiltration time, and the water pipe is pressurized according to the soil infiltration strength to enter the irrigation preparation program; The soil testing module is used to select a farmland area adjacent to an open channel as a test area. Except for the upper surface and the side of the adjacent open channel, the other surfaces of the test area are closed by impermeable materials. Water is pumped into the test area through a pipe connected to the culvert until the water level in the open channel reaches a preset value. The current moisture content of the soil in the farmland is calculated based on the flow rate of the pumped water and the seepage flow rate of the open channel, and the total irrigation water consumption is calculated based on the area, topography and soil moisture content of the farmland. The crop modeling module is used to obtain environmental data of farmland through data provided by environmental sensors or meteorological departments, input soil data, environmental monitoring data and crop monitoring data into a computer, use a model building tool to model the farmland, calculate the water demand intensity of crops through the model, automatically adjust the water pipe flow according to the water demand intensity, and supply water to crops; The irrigation regulation module is used to calculate the actual precipitation according to the open channel water level, the culvert water level and the channel opening when precipitation occurs, apply the actual precipitation to the farmland, update the soil moisture content and reconstruct the farmland model, adjust the irrigation flow to the crops, and issue a water level warning signal when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

7. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 6 is characterized by: The channel irrigation module includes: an open channel irrigation unit, a hidden channel irrigation unit and a pipeline irrigation unit; The open channel irrigation unit is arranged on the surface of the farmland soil layer, and is used to receive rainwater and irrigation water, and provide farmland drainage function; The underground channel irrigation unit is arranged in the vertical direction of the bottom of the open channel, and is made of impermeable materials except for the upper surface, and is used to undertake the functions of water storage and soil measurement; The pipeline irrigation unit is connected to the underground channel and has a pressurizing function, and is used to transfer the water flow stored in the underground channel to various places in the farmland to irrigate crops.

8. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The sensing penetration module includes: a sensor unit and a penetration calculation unit; The sensor unit is used to detect the water level in the canal, detect the temperature, humidity and meteorological data in the environment, and transmit the data to the computer; The permeability calculation unit is used to calculate the average permeability of the soil according to the water flow permeability state between the open channel and the dark channel; The soil testing module includes: a soil testing unit and a water content testing unit; The test earthwork unit is used to select a test area at a random position in the farmland, and to construct a single-sided permeable test earthwork using the soil in the test area; The moisture testing unit is used to inject water into the test soil and calculate the initial moisture content of the soil according to the water injection volume and seepage volume.

9. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 8 is characterized by: The crop modeling module includes: an electronic control unit, an environmental monitoring unit and a water quantity calculation unit; The electronic control unit is used to build a computer processing platform, receive sensor data from each sensor, and provide modeling and calculation tools; The environmental monitoring unit is used to model the area where each crop is located according to the acquired soil data and environmental data; The water quantity calculation unit is used to calculate the actual water demand intensity of the crop through the test data of the crop type and the established farmland model.

10. The intelligent control system for agricultural irrigation mode based on climate environment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The irrigation regulation module includes: a water pressure adjustment unit and a precipitation update unit; The water pressure adjustment unit is used to adjust the water pressure inside the pipeline according to the water demand intensity of the crops, so that the irrigation flow rate is equal to the simulated value of the water demand flow rate; The precipitation updating unit is used to calculate the actual precipitation during the precipitation process, adjust the irrigation flow according to the precipitation, and issue an early warning when the irrigation flow drops to a preset value.

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