Test device and method for simulating rapid deposition to trigger submarine landslide

Abstract

The invention provides a test device and method for simulating rapid deposition to trigger submarine landslide, and relates to the field of marine geological disaster simulation, and the test device comprises a simulation box, a soil particle release module, a deposition rate measurement module, a contact measurement module and a non-contact measurement module. The device has the beneficial effects that the soil particle release module adjusts the height of a deposited soil body in a soil supply box through a push rod motor, and the suspension amount of soil particles of the deposited soil body in air and the settling amount of the soil particles in water are controlled through the wind speed of a fan, so that sediments are uniformly distributed and deposited on a slope surface; and the deposition rate of the sediment is measured in real time. The test device also realizes collaborative measurement of linear domain lateral displacement and excess pore water pressure in the sedimentary layer. The testing device and the testing method can be applied to simulation of seabed slope response processes under different sedimentary environments and sediment mechanical property conditions, so that a seabed landslide failure instability mechanism is researched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of marine geological disaster simulation, and in particular to a test device and method for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides. Background Art

[0002] Bottom landslides not only cause serious damage to marine engineering facilities, but the huge energy released can also trigger tsunamis, seriously threatening the lives and property safety of coastal residents.

[0003] In the marine environment, when the rate of excess pore pressure generation in the submarine strata caused by sedimentation exceeds its dissipation rate, excess pore pressure will accumulate, a process called rapid sedimentation. Rapid sedimentation is one of the most common triggering factors for submarine landslides, and the submarine landslides associated with it are usually characterized by low angles and large scales. Statistics show that submarine landslides directly triggered by rapid sedimentation account for about 25%, and there is also evidence that rapid sedimentation is a prerequisite for many submarine landslides. The northern part of the South China Sea is an important offshore oil and gas resource development position in my country. The Pearl River, Red River, Gaoping River and other rivers flowing into the sea transport millions of tons of terrigenous debris to the northern part of the South China Sea every year. The rapid accumulation of these sediments entering the sea has led to the development of many submarine landslides closely related to rapid sedimentation in the northern part of the South China Sea, which seriously threatens the safety of my country's marine engineering construction and subsequent operation in this area. Therefore, observing the evolution process of submarine landslides triggered by rapid sedimentation is of great significance to revealing the mechanical mechanism of submarine landslides triggered by rapid sedimentation and guiding the site selection, construction and operation of marine engineering.

[0004] In-situ observation is the most direct means to reveal that rapid sedimentation triggers submarine landslides. However, due to the deepwater environment where submarine landslides are located, there is still a lack of relevant work. As an effective means, numerical simulation has revealed to a certain extent the contribution of factors such as sedimentation rate, mechanical properties of sediments, and slope gradient to the triggering of submarine landslides by rapid sedimentation. However, its accuracy still faces huge challenges. The main reasons are: first, the accuracy of numerical simulation is heavily dependent on the selection of constitutive models, and existing studies all use the constitutive model of normal consolidated soil to describe the mechanical properties of underconsolidated strata under rapid sedimentation; second, there is a lack of in-situ observation or flume test data to compare and verify the results of numerical simulation. Therefore, using a flume model to restore the entire process of rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslides at a laboratory scale has become the first choice for scientists and engineers. However, there are currently few flume model test devices that simulate rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslides, and the existing flume models all adopt the form of single-point or multi-point arrangement of funnels, and apply sedimentation loads by controlling the fall of mud in the funnel to simulate the rapid sedimentation effect, such as the invention patent with application number CN201911400359.7. However, such devices and methods cannot achieve uniform distribution and deposition of sediments on the slope surface, resulting in uneven application of sedimentation loads on the slope surface, which is not conducive to controlling the important experimental variable of sedimentation rate. In addition, since the thickness of the sediment layer changes dynamically with the sedimentation time, such devices and methods also fail to achieve the coordinated measurement of excess pore pressure accumulation and displacement inside the sediment layer under rapid sedimentation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a test device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides, comprising a simulation box, a soil particle release module, a sedimentation rate measurement module, a contact measurement module and a non-contact measurement module;

[0006] The simulation box is provided with a simulation slope at the bottom, and the simulation box is filled with water;

[0007] The soil particle release module includes a soil supply box, a fan is provided on the soil supply box, a liftable soil holding platform is provided at the bottom of the soil supply box, the soil supply box contains deposited soil, a lifting drive device is provided at the bottom of the soil holding platform, and the fan is used to blow the deposited soil at the top of the soil supply box into the simulation box;

[0008] The sedimentation rate measurement module includes an air turbidity meter, a water turbidity meter and a soil displacement sensor, wherein the soil displacement sensor is located above the soil supply box, the air turbidity meter and the water turbidity meter are fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box, and the air turbidity meter and the water turbidity meter are located above the water body and in the water body respectively;

[0009] The contact measurement module includes a pore water pressure sensor and an optical fiber anchor rod, wherein the pore water pressure sensor is buried on the simulated slope, and the optical fiber anchor rod is anchored at the bottom of the simulation box;

[0010] The non-contact measurement module includes a camera, which is installed on the side of the test simulation box. The camera is used to record the soil deposition image and the sedimentary layer displacement map in the simulation box in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the sedimentary soil body includes one or more of three materials: granular montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite.

[0012] Furthermore, the lifting drive device includes a push rod motor, the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the push rod motor is vertically connected to the bottom of the soil holding platform, and the push rod motor is used to adjust the height of the soil holding platform in the soil supply box, thereby adjusting the height of the upper surface of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform.

[0013] Furthermore, lifting rollers are provided on both sides of the soil containing platform, and the lifting rollers are rotatably connected to the edges of the soil containing platform.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil particle release module includes a plurality of fans arranged side by side.

[0015] The soil particle release module also includes a wind speed regulator, which is connected to all fans.

[0016] Furthermore, the non-contact measurement module also includes a catheter, which is fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box and is used to release fluorescent particles to the surface of the sedimentary soil in the simulation box.

[0017] Furthermore, the non-contact measurement module also includes a laser light source, and the laser light source is used to illuminate the internal area of ​​the simulation box to make the pictures taken by the camera clear.

[0018] Furthermore, the contact measurement module also includes a pore water pressure transmission line, an optical fiber transmission line, an optical fiber demodulator and a computer system; the bottom of the optical fiber anchor is rigidly connected to the simulation box; the pore water pressure transmission line is used to connect the computer system and the pore water pressure sensor, and the optical fiber transmission line connects the optical fiber anchor, the optical fiber demodulator and the computer system.

[0019] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides. The method uses the above-mentioned test device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides. The method comprises the following steps:

[0020] S1: Assembling the test device: install the soil particle release module on the top of the simulation box; install a conduit on the inner wall of the simulation box; make the upper end of the conduit pass through the side wall of the simulation box; pass the conduit through the opening of the side wall of the simulation box and close to the side wall; install the optical fiber anchor rod and pore water pressure sensor on the bottom of the simulation box, and connect the optical fiber anchor rod and the optical fiber demodulator with an optical fiber transmission line; fix the camera;

[0021] S2: Prepare sedimentary soil and place the prepared sedimentary soil into a soil supply box; and inject water into the simulation box to a predetermined position;

[0022] S3: Start the test: the push rod motor and the fan are started, the push rod motor pushes the soil holding platform to move at a predetermined speed, the fan blows the sedimentary soil exposed on the soil holding platform into the simulation box, and deposits it into the water in the simulation box. During the sedimentary soil deposition process, the conduit introduces fluorescent particles into the water in the simulation box, and the fluorescent particles are deposited in layers in the sedimentary soil at the bottom of the simulation box;

[0023] S4: Collect data and images; calculate the sedimentation rate of the sedimentary soil in the simulation box; the pore water pressure sensor collects the linear excess pore water pressure inside the sedimentary soil, and the fiber optic demodulator uses the fiber optic transmission line to obtain the displacement data of the sedimentary soil; the camera continuously captures images of the sedimentation area at a preset frame rate to obtain the soil deposition image and sedimentary layer displacement map in the simulation box until the sedimentary slope in the simulation box reaches the destruction standard; the test ends.

[0024] Further, in step S4, the process of calculating the average mass deposition rate of the deposited soil in the simulation box is as follows: using a soil displacement sensor to sense the mass reduction of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform; using an air turbidity meter and a water turbidity meter to respectively detect the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water;

[0025] The mass of the deposited soil on the measuring platform is reduced by subtracting the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water to obtain the amount of soil deposited on the simulated slope.

[0026] By recording the real-time changes in the amount of sedimentary soil, the sedimentation rate of the soil on the simulated slope can be obtained.

[0027] The present invention provides a test device and method for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides, and the beneficial effects are:

[0028] (1) The test device includes a simulation box, a soil particle release module, a sedimentation rate measurement module, a contact measurement module, and a non-contact measurement module; the soil particle release module can adjust the height of the deposited soil in the soil supply box through a push rod motor, and can control the amount of soil particles suspended in the air and the amount of soil particles settling in the water through the fan speed, which can not only achieve uniform distribution and deposition of sediments on the slope, but also control and measure the real-time mass sedimentation rate. The test device can realize the coordinated measurement of linear displacement and excess pore water pressure inside the sediment layer by arranging pore water pressure sensors and optical fiber anchors along the depth direction of the sediment layer.

[0029] (2) This method takes into account the actual situation that the thickness of the sediment layer changes dynamically with the sedimentation time, adopts the method of layered and step-by-step placement of fluorescent particles, and organically combines P IV technology with real-time measurement of the lateral displacement of the internal surface of the sediment layer. The device and its method can realize the uniform and precise loading of the sediment load in the flume model and the precise measurement of the excess pore water pressure and displacement inside the sediment layer.

[0030] (3) The experimental device of the invention has a simple structure, clear functions of each module, easy assembly and implementation, and is easy to operate. This method can be used to realize real-time coordinated measurement of excess pore water pressure and displacement within the linear and surface domains of the sedimentary layer, and can be used to simulate the response process of submarine slopes under different sedimentary environments and sediment mechanical properties, thereby studying the instability mechanism of submarine landslides. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is an overall structural diagram of a test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a soil particle release module of a test device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger a submarine landslide in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of an optical fiber anchor rod and a pore water pressure sensor of an experimental device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger a submarine landslide in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the release structure of fluorescent particles of an experimental device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the above figure: wind speed regulator 1, fan 2, fan installation box 3, soil supply box 4, simulation box 5, underwater turbidity meter 6, optical fiber anchor 7, pore water pressure sensor 8, camera 9, optical fiber demodulator 10, pore water pressure data acquisition instrument 11, optical fiber transmission line 12, pore water pressure transmission line 13, simulated slope 14, laser light source 15, soil displacement sensor 16, lifting roller 17, push rod motor 18, soil holding platform 19, computer system 20, catheter 21, fluorescent particles 22, air turbidity meter 23. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4The present invention provides a test device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides, comprising a simulation box 5, a soil particle release module, a sedimentation rate measurement module, a contact measurement module and a non-contact measurement module.

[0038] The simulation box 5 has a simulation slope 14 at the bottom thereof, and the simulation slope 14 is used to simulate an uneven hard support surface of the seabed. The simulation box 5 is filled with water, which is seawater or water with a composition similar to seawater.

[0039] The soil particle release module includes a soil supply box 4, which has an opening at the upper end. The soil supply box 4 is provided with a fan 2, which is installed at the upper opening of the soil supply box 4 through a fan installation box 3. The bottom of the soil supply box 4 is provided with a liftable soil holding platform 19, and the soil supply box 4 is filled with a deposited soil body, which is a fine granular soil body. The bottom of the soil holding platform 19 is provided with a lifting drive device, which is used to adjust the exposed thickness of the deposited soil body on the soil holding platform 19 (the thickness exposed at the upper opening of the soil supply box 4), and the fan 2 is used to blow the deposited soil body on the top of the soil supply box 4 into the simulation box 5. The lifting drive device and the fan 2 can cooperate to adjust the speed at which the deposited soil body enters the simulation box 5. In this embodiment, the lifting drive device drives the soil holding platform 19 to rise, so that the exposed thickness of the soil body is always maintained at a set value, which is convenient for controlling the deposition amount of the deposited soil body. The soil particle release module uses the fan 2 to blow out the deposited soil so that the deposited soil can be evenly dispersed, thereby achieving uniform distribution and deposition of the deposited soil on the simulated slope, and then obtaining a deposition slope formed by deposition.

[0040] The sedimentation rate measurement module includes an air turbidity meter 23, a water turbidity meter 6 and a soil displacement sensor 16. The soil displacement sensor 16 is located above the soil supply box 4. The soil displacement sensor 16 is used to sense the exposed thickness of the soil in the soil supply box 4. In this embodiment, the soil displacement sensor 16 is a laser displacement sensor. The air turbidity meter 23 and the water turbidity meter 6 are fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box 5. The air turbidity meter 23 and the water turbidity meter 6 are respectively located above and in the water body. Since the density of the deposited soil is fixed, the cross-sectional area of ​​the soil supply box 4, the volume of the water body and the volume of the simulation box 5 are fixed, the soil displacement sensor 16 can measure the soil on the soil platform 19. The exposed thickness of the deposited soil can be used to obtain the reduced mass of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform 19. Therefore, the soil displacement sensor 16 can measure the reduced mass of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform 19. The air turbidity meter 23 and the water turbidity meter 6 can respectively detect the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water. The reduced mass of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform 19 minus the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water can be used to measure the deposition amount of the simulated slope 14 in real time. The change in the deposition amount of the deposited soil can be recorded to measure the deposition rate of the deposited soil in the water in the simulation box 5 in real time.

[0041] The contact measurement module includes a pore water pressure sensor 8 and an optical fiber anchor 7. The pore water pressure sensor 8 is buried on the simulated slope 14, and the optical fiber anchor 7 is anchored at the bottom of the simulation box 5. The pore water pressure sensor 8 and the optical fiber anchor 7 are respectively used to sense the linear excess pore pressure and displacement inside the deposited soil on the simulated slope 14.

[0042] The non-contact measurement module includes a camera 9 , which is installed on the side of the test simulation box 5 . The camera 9 is used to record the soil deposition image and the sedimentary layer displacement map in the simulation box 5 in real time.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the sedimentary soil body includes one or more of granular montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite. It can be understood that the sedimentary soil body includes but is not limited to the above components, and the specific components of the sedimentary soil body can be proportioned according to actual needs.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the lifting drive device includes a push rod motor 18, the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the push rod motor 18 is vertically connected to the bottom of the soil holding platform 19, and the push rod motor 18 is used to adjust the height of the soil holding platform 19 in the soil supply box 4, thereby adjusting the height of the upper surface of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform 19.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, lifting rollers 17 are provided on both sides of the soil containing platform 19, and the lifting rollers 17 are rotatably connected to the edges of the soil containing platform 19, and the lifting rollers 17 are used to reduce the friction when the soil containing platform 19 is lifted or lowered.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the soil particle release module includes a plurality of fans, all of which are arranged in parallel; the soil particle release module also includes a wind speed regulator 1, and the wind speed regulator 1 is connected to all the fans.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the non-contact measurement module further includes a catheter 21, which is fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box 5 and is used to release fluorescent particles 22 to the surface of the deposited soil in the simulation box 5. The fluorescent particles 22 are released at fixed time intervals, and the fluorescent particles 22 can mark the deposited soil in layers, so that the images captured by the camera can clearly show the soil deposition process and the sediment layer displacement process.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the non-contact measurement module further includes a laser light source 15 , and the laser light source 15 is used to illuminate the inner area of ​​the simulation box 5 so that the pictures taken by the camera 9 are clear.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, the contact measurement module also includes an optical fiber transmission line 12, a pore water pressure transmission line 13, a pore water pressure data acquisition instrument 11, an optical fiber demodulator 10 and a computer system 20; the bottom of the optical fiber anchor 7 is rigidly connected to the simulation box 5; the pore water pressure transmission line 13 is used to connect the computer system 20, the pore water pressure sensor 8 and the pore water pressure data acquisition instrument 11, and the optical fiber transmission line 12 is used to connect the optical fiber anchor, the optical fiber demodulator 10 and the computer system 20.

[0050] The present invention also provides a test method for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides. The method uses the test device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides. The method comprises the following steps:

[0051] S1: Assembling the test device: installing the soil particle release module on the top of the simulation box 5; installing the conduit 21 on the inner wall of the simulation box; passing the upper end of the conduit 21 through the side wall of the simulation box 5; passing the conduit 21 through the opening of the side wall of the simulation box 5 and close to the side wall; installing the optical fiber anchor 7 and the pore water pressure sensor 8 on the bottom of the simulation box, and connecting the optical fiber anchor 7 and the optical fiber demodulator 10 with the optical fiber transmission line 12; fixing the camera 9, and using the camera 9 to collect the initial image in the simulation box 5;

[0052] S2: Prepare a sedimentary soil body, put the prepared sedimentary soil body into the soil supply box 4; and inject water into the simulation box 5 to a predetermined position;

[0053] S3: Start the test: the push rod motor 18 and the fan are started, the push rod motor 18 pushes the soil holding platform 19 to move at a predetermined speed, the fan blows the sedimentary soil exposed on the soil holding platform 19 into the simulation box 5, and deposits it into the water in the simulation box 5. During the sedimentary soil deposition process, the conduit 21 introduces the fluorescent particles 22 into the water in the simulation box 5, and the fluorescent particles 22 are deposited in layers in the sedimentary soil at the bottom of the simulation box 5;

[0054] S4: Collect data and images; calculate the mass deposition rate of the deposited soil in the simulation box 5; the pore water pressure sensor collects the linear excess pore pressure inside the deposited soil, and the optical fiber demodulator 10 uses the optical fiber transmission line 12 to obtain the displacement data of the deposited soil; the camera 9 continuously captures images of the deposition area at a preset frame rate to obtain the soil deposition image and the sedimentary layer displacement map in the simulation box 5 until the deposition slope in the simulation box 5 reaches the destruction standard; the test ends.

[0055] In step S4, the process of calculating the average mass deposition rate of the deposited soil in the simulation box 5 is as follows: using the soil displacement sensor 16 to sense the mass reduction of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform 19; using an air turbidity meter and a water turbidity meter to respectively detect the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water;

[0056] The mass of the deposited soil reduced minus the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water is used to obtain the amount of soil deposited on the simulated slope 14;

[0057] The real-time changes of the amount of deposited soil are recorded, and the deposition rate of the soil on the simulated slope 14 is obtained.

[0058] In the preferred embodiment, the directional words such as front, back, top, bottom, etc. involved are defined by the positions of the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, just for the sake of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of the directional words should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0059] In the absence of conflict, the above embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides, characterized in that: It includes a simulation box, a soil particle release module, a sedimentation rate measurement module, a contact measurement module and a non-contact measurement module; The simulation box is provided with a simulation slope at the bottom, and the simulation box is filled with water; The soil particle release module includes a soil supply box, a fan is provided on the soil supply box, a liftable soil holding platform is provided at the bottom of the soil supply box, the soil supply box contains deposited soil, a lifting drive device is provided at the bottom of the soil holding platform, and the fan is used to blow the deposited soil at the top of the soil supply box into the simulation box; The sedimentation rate measurement module includes an air turbidity meter, a water turbidity meter and a soil displacement sensor, wherein the soil displacement sensor is located above the soil supply box, the air turbidity meter and the water turbidity meter are fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box, and the air turbidity meter and the water turbidity meter are located above the water body and in the water body respectively; The contact measurement module includes a pore water pressure sensor and an optical fiber anchor rod, wherein the pore water pressure sensor is buried on the simulated slope, and the optical fiber anchor rod is anchored at the bottom of the simulation box; The non-contact measurement module includes a camera, which is installed on the side of the test simulation box. The camera is used to record the soil deposition image and the sedimentary layer displacement map in the simulation box in real time.

2. A test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to claim 1; characterized in that: The sedimentary soil body includes one or more of three materials: granular montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite.

3. A test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to claim 1; characterized in that: The lifting drive device includes a push rod motor, the upper end of the telescopic shaft of the push rod motor is vertically connected to the bottom of the soil holding platform, and the push rod motor is used to adjust the height of the soil holding platform in the soil supply box, thereby adjusting the exposure height of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform.

4. A test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to claim 1; characterized in that: Lifting rollers are arranged on both sides of the soil containing platform, and the lifting rollers are rotatably connected to the edges of the soil containing platform.

5. The test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil particle release module includes a plurality of fans arranged side by side. The soil particle release module also includes a wind speed regulator, which is connected to all fans.

6. A test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-contact measurement module also includes a catheter, which is fixed to the inner wall of the simulation box and is used to release fluorescent particles to the surface of the sedimentary soil in the simulation box.

7. A test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-contact measurement module also includes a laser light source, which is used to illuminate the internal area of ​​the simulation box to make the pictures taken by the camera clear.

8. The test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact measurement module also includes a pore water pressure transmission line, an optical fiber transmission line, an optical fiber demodulator and a computer system; the bottom of the optical fiber anchor is rigidly connected to the simulation box; the pore water pressure transmission line is used to connect the computer system and the pore water pressure sensor, and the optical fiber transmission line connects the optical fiber anchor, the optical fiber demodulator and the computer system.

9. An experimental method for simulating rapid sedimentation to trigger submarine landslides; characterized in that: The method uses the test device for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslide according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the method comprises the following steps: S1: Assembling the test device: install the soil particle release module on the top of the simulation box; install a conduit on the inner wall of the simulation box; make the upper end of the conduit pass through the side wall of the simulation box; pass the conduit through the opening of the side wall of the simulation box and close to the side wall; install the optical fiber anchor rod and pore water pressure sensor on the bottom of the simulation box, and connect the optical fiber anchor rod and the optical fiber demodulator with an optical fiber transmission line; fix the camera; S2: Prepare sedimentary soil and put the prepared sedimentary soil into a soil supply box; And inject water into the simulation box to the predetermined position; S3: Start the test: the push rod motor and the fan are started, the push rod motor pushes the soil holding platform to move at a predetermined speed, the fan blows the sedimentary soil exposed on the soil holding platform into the simulation box, and deposits it into the water in the simulation box. During the sedimentary soil deposition process, the conduit introduces fluorescent particles into the water in the simulation box, and the fluorescent particles are deposited in layers in the sedimentary soil at the bottom of the simulation box; S4: Collect data and images; calculate the sedimentation rate of the sedimentary soil in the simulation box; the pore water pressure sensor collects the linear excess pore water pressure inside the sedimentary soil, and the fiber optic demodulator uses the fiber optic transmission line to obtain the displacement data of the sedimentary soil; the camera continuously captures images of the sedimentation area at a preset frame rate to obtain the soil deposition image and sedimentary layer displacement map in the simulation box until the sedimentary slope in the simulation box reaches the destruction standard; the test ends.

10. A test method for simulating rapid sedimentation triggering submarine landslides according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, the process of calculating the average mass deposition rate of the deposited soil in the simulation box is as follows: using a soil displacement sensor to sense the mass reduction of the deposited soil on the soil holding platform; using an air turbidity meter and a water turbidity meter to respectively detect the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water; The reduced mass of the deposited soil on the soil-carrying platform minus the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the air and the mass of the deposited soil suspended in the water can be used to obtain the amount of soil deposited on the simulated slope. By recording the real-time changes in the amount of sedimentary soil, the sedimentation rate of the soil on the simulated slope can be obtained.

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