Low-orbit satellite communication method, device, system and storage medium

Abstract

The present invention provides a low-orbit satellite communication method, apparatus, system, and storage medium, which are applied to the field of satellite communication technology. The method includes: receiving an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device; sending an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device based on the uplink resource request, and receiving a buffer status report sent by the user segment device; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device; determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; and sending a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource, which is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource. The technical solution of the present invention can reduce the construction cost of ground base stations and increase communication coverage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a low-orbit satellite communication method, device, system and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology and the rapid popularization of mobile terminals, the construction of Internet of Things for mobile terminals is also developing rapidly. Internet of Things technology can realize communication between any terminal and the network, which greatly facilitates people's work and life.

[0003] At present, when communicating through the Internet of Things technology, most of the Internet of Things communication networks are based on ground-based construction, that is, base stations and supporting transmission networks are established on the ground, and terminals can communicate with the network through the base stations.

[0004] However, the current ground-based communication network is subject to objective conditions, and the cost of building base stations in remote areas will be very high. In addition, the ground communication network is easily affected by natural disasters and man-made damage to infrastructure. Therefore, the current ground-based communication network has problems such as insufficient communication coverage and high construction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a low-orbit satellite communication method, device, system and storage medium, which are used to solve the defects of insufficient communication coverage and high construction cost of ground-based communication networks in the existing technology, realize communication between low-orbit satellites in the space segment and user-segment equipment through ground-segment equipment, and dynamically allocate uplink transmission resources to user-segment equipment based on the cache status report of the user-segment equipment and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time, so that the user-segment equipment can perform satellite communication with the low-orbit satellite in any environment without the need for ground-based base stations. Therefore, the construction cost of the ground-based communication network can be reduced and the communication coverage range can be increased through the low-orbit satellite network.

[0006] The present invention provides a low-orbit satellite communication method, which is applied to a low-orbit satellite in a space segment, comprising:

[0007] receiving an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal;

[0008] Sending an uplink transmission grant to the user segment device according to the uplink resource request, and receiving a buffer status report sent by the user segment device; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device;

[0009] Determine the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time;

[0010] A first downlink control instruction is sent to the user segment device; the first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0011] According to a low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, the data transmission status of the user segment device includes a first data volume required to be transmitted by the user segment device, the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within a flight window includes a second data volume estimated to be transmittable by the low-orbit satellite within the flight time window, and determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window includes:

[0012] Determining a remaining amount of data that can be transmitted by the user segment device based on the first amount of data and the second amount of data;

[0013] Based on the remaining data amount, uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device are determined from the transmission resources of the low-orbit satellite.

[0014] According to a low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, before receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device, the method further includes:

[0015] Determine the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device based on the service requirements of the user segment device; or determine the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device based on the network status of the low-orbit satellite; the above-mentioned target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode;

[0016] If the target scheduling mode is the scheduling-free mode, a second downlink control instruction is sent to the user segment device; the second downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on the preset transmission resource;

[0017] If the target scheduling mode is the satellite scheduling mode, the process returns to the step of receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device.

[0018] According to a low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, determining a target scheduling mode corresponding to a user segment device based on a service demand of the user segment device includes:

[0019] Determine the service attributes corresponding to the user segment device based on the service requirements of the user segment device; the above service attributes are used to characterize whether the service of the user segment device is a low-latency service;

[0020] If the service attribute of the user segment device is a low-latency service, the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a scheduling-free mode;

[0021] If the service attribute of the user segment device is a non-low-latency service, the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a satellite scheduling mode.

[0022] According to a low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time includes:

[0023] Determining a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device based on an uplink message of the user segment device; the uplink message includes an uplink resource request and / or a cache status report;

[0024] According to the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device, the target device type corresponding to the user segment device is determined in a preset fingerprint library; the above fingerprint library includes a plurality of correspondences between different characteristic fingerprints and device types;

[0025] Determine the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the target device type, buffer status report, and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time.

[0026] According to a low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, determining a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to a user segment device based on an uplink message of the user segment device includes:

[0027] Identify the uplink message using the organizational unique identifier MAC OUI identification method to obtain first device information corresponding to the user segment device;

[0028] A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) query identification method is used to read the management information base (MIB) information of the user segment device, and second device information corresponding to the user segment device is determined based on the MIB information; the second device information is not completely the same as the first device information;

[0029] The first device information and the second device information are combined to determine a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device.

[0030] The present invention also provides a low-orbit satellite communication method, which is applied to user segment equipment, comprising:

[0031] Sending an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in the null point segment through ground segment equipment; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of user segment equipment, which includes an Internet of Things terminal;

[0032] Receive uplink transmission permission sent by low-orbit satellite and send buffer status report to the low-orbit satellite; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of user segment equipment;

[0033] receiving a first downlink control instruction sent by a low-orbit satellite, wherein the first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device, the uplink transmission resource being determined by the low-orbit satellite based on a buffer status report and a data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within a flight window;

[0034] Transmit uplink data to low-orbit satellites on uplink transmission resources.

[0035] The present invention also provides a low-orbit satellite communication device, which is applied to a low-orbit satellite in a space segment, comprising:

[0036] a request receiving module configured to receive an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, which includes an Internet of Things terminal;

[0037] a report receiving module, configured to send an uplink transmission grant to a user segment device according to an uplink resource request, and receive a buffer status report sent by the user segment device; the buffer status report is used to indicate the data transmission status of the user segment device;

[0038] A resource determination module is used to determine the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time;

[0039] The instruction sending module is used to send a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the above-mentioned first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0040] The present invention also provides a low-orbit satellite communication device, which is applied to user segment equipment, comprising:

[0041] A request sending module is used to send an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in the null point segment through a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of a user segment device, which includes an Internet of Things terminal;

[0042] A report sending module is used to receive an uplink transmission permission sent by a low-orbit satellite and send a buffer status report to the low-orbit satellite; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device;

[0043] a command receiving module, configured to receive a first downlink control command transmitted by a low-orbit satellite; the first downlink control command including an uplink transmission resource allocated to a user segment device, the uplink transmission resource being determined by the low-orbit satellite based on a buffer status report and a data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within a flight window;

[0044] The data transmission module is used to transmit uplink data to low-orbit satellites on uplink transmission resources.

[0045] The present invention also provides a low-orbit satellite communication system, comprising a low-orbit satellite in a space segment, ground segment equipment, and user segment equipment connected in sequence;

[0046] The user segment device is configured to send an uplink resource request to the ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal;

[0047] Ground segment equipment, used to send uplink resource requests to low-orbit satellites;

[0048] A low-orbit satellite is used to receive uplink resource requests and send uplink transmission permissions to user segment devices through ground segment devices based on the uplink resource requests;

[0049] The user segment device is further configured to receive an uplink transmission grant and send a buffer status report to the ground segment device; the buffer status report is used to indicate the data transmission status of the user segment device;

[0050] Ground segment equipment, also used to send cache status reports to low-orbit satellites;

[0051] The low-orbit satellite is further configured to determine uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window; and to send a first downlink control instruction to the ground segment device; the first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device;

[0052] The ground segment device is further configured to send the first downlink control instruction to the user segment device;

[0053] The user segment device is further configured to receive a first downlink control instruction and transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on uplink transmission resources via the ground segment device.

[0054] The present invention also provides a low-orbit satellite, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements any of the low-orbit satellite communication methods described above on the low-orbit satellite side.

[0055] The present invention also provides a user segment device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements any of the low-orbit satellite communication methods described above on the user segment device side.

[0056] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements any of the low-orbit satellite communication methods on the low-orbit satellite side and / or implements any of the low-orbit satellite communication methods on the user segment device side.

[0057] The present invention also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-mentioned low-orbit satellite communication methods on the low-orbit satellite side and / or implements any of the above-mentioned low-orbit satellite communication methods on the user segment device side.

[0058] The present invention provides a low-orbit satellite communication method, device, system and storage medium. A low-orbit satellite in a space segment receives an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device through a ground segment device, and sends an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device based on the uplink resource request, and receives a cache status report sent by the user segment device to characterize the data transmission status of the user segment device. Then, based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time, the system determines the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device, and sends a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device. The first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource and is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource. The uplink resource request includes the business needs of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal. In this method, since the low-orbit satellite in the space segment communicates with the user segment equipment through the ground segment equipment, and uplink transmission resources are dynamically allocated to the user segment equipment based on the cache status report of the user segment equipment and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time, the user segment equipment can communicate with the low-orbit satellite in any environment without the need to build a base station on the ground. Therefore, the construction cost of the ground communication network can be reduced, and the communication coverage can be increased through the low-orbit satellite network, realizing global data collection, transmission, aggregation and processing, and providing users with global coverage, quasi-real-time, all-weather data collection and communication services. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a communication system architecture diagram of the low-orbit satellite communication system provided by the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 This is one of the flow charts of the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention.

[0062] Figure 3 This is the second flow chart of the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention.

[0063] Figure 4 This is the third flow chart of the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention.

[0064] Figure 5 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the low-orbit satellite communication device provided by the present invention.

[0065] Figure 6 This is the second structural schematic diagram of the low-orbit satellite communication device provided by the present invention.

[0066] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the low-orbit satellite provided by the present invention.

[0067] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the user segment equipment provided by the present invention.

[0068] Reference numerals:

[0069] 1: Low-orbit satellite; 2: Data transmission; 3: Gateway station; 4: Satellite tracking and control station; 5. Data center; 6: Server; 7: Ground information center; 8: IoT wireless access point; 9: Fixed terminal; 10: 5G base station. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] As the wave of intelligence and informatization sweeps the world, the Internet of Things (IoT), as a key development stage of informatization and intelligence, has seen its technological applications penetrate various fields and connect a vast consumer base. The ever-expanding Internet connectivity and the rapid adoption of mobile terminal devices have created a favorable ecological environment for the construction and application of the IoT. With the rapid development of IoT technology, traditional terrestrial communication networks are facing shortcomings in terms of coverage, cost, disaster resistance, mobile scenario coverage, and technical limitations. These shortcomings are due to the limitations of base stations and supporting transmission networks, the high cost of establishing base stations in remote areas, the vulnerability of terrestrial networks to natural disasters and human damage to infrastructure, the limited coverage of high-speed mobile scenarios that limit data collection and communication capabilities, and the frequent site switching required by 5G base stations due to their limited coverage. These shortcomings make terrestrial communication networks unable to meet global data collection and communication needs, especially in remote areas, oceans, and the air. Based on this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a low-orbit satellite communication method, device, system, and storage medium that can address this technical problem.

[0072] In order to better illustrate the low-orbit satellite communication method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the low-orbit satellite communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below. Figure 1 The communication system architecture diagram of the low-orbit satellite communication system shown in the figure, the low-orbit satellite communication system includes a low-orbit satellite 1 in the space segment, ground segment equipment and user segment equipment connected in sequence, that is, the low-orbit satellite system consists of three major parts: the space segment, the ground segment and the user segment.

[0073] The space segment consists of a low-orbit satellite constellation, which includes multiple low-orbit satellites 1, also known as low-orbit satellites. The low-orbit satellite constellation specifically includes 36 low-inclination orbit satellites and two sun-synchronous orbit satellites with an inclination of 97 degrees. Each low-orbit satellite 1 is equipped with an intelligent routing algorithm to dynamically select the optimal transmission path, improving the efficiency and accuracy of satellite communications. Each low-orbit satellite 1 is connected by interstellar links, forming a global satellite network, thereby expanding the coverage of the communication network without geographical restrictions, and providing communication coverage for remote areas, oceans, and the air.

[0074] Furthermore, the LEO satellites 1 can operate in an orbit at an altitude of 800 to 1000 kilometers. Alternatively, the LEO satellites 1 can operate in an orbit at an altitude of 900 kilometers. Furthermore, each of the LEO satellites 1 is equipped with an energy harvesting module for collecting energy from the environment to extend the life of the device. Alternatively, the energy harvesting module can be, for example, an electrical energy harvesting module, specifically for collecting electrical energy from the environment to power the LEO satellites 1. Furthermore, the LEO satellites 1 are equipped with a data communication payload for bidirectional data communication with user-segment equipment on the ground.

[0075] The ground segment equipment, including a central information center and multiple ground stations, is responsible for receiving data transmitted from low-orbit satellites 1, processing it, and distributing it to various industry users. Specifically, the multiple ground stations may include a gateway station 3, satellite tracking and control stations 4, a data center 5, and servers 6. The central information center may also be referred to as a ground information center 7. The space segment can exchange data with the ground information center 7 in the ground segment. After receiving information transmitted from the space segment's low-orbit satellites 1, the ground information center 7 distributes it to other ground stations, including the gateway station 3, satellite tracking and control stations 4, data center 5, and servers 6, for further processing.

[0076] The user segment may include various IoT devices, such as IoT terminals and IoT base stations. Specifically, the user segment may include user segment devices such as IoT wireless access points 8, fixed terminals 9, and 5G base stations 10. User segment devices can transmit data with the low-orbit satellite 1 through ground segment devices.

[0077] Taking the uplink data transmission from the user segment device to the low-orbit satellite 1 as an example, the uplink data transmission process may include:

[0078] The user segment device is configured to send an uplink resource request to the ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal;

[0079] Ground segment equipment, used to send uplink resource requests to low-orbit satellite 1;

[0080] Low-orbit satellite 1, used to receive an uplink resource request and send an uplink transmission permission to a user segment device via a ground segment device according to the uplink resource request;

[0081] The user segment device is further configured to receive an uplink transmission grant and send a buffer status report to the ground segment device; the buffer status report is used to indicate the data transmission status of the user segment device;

[0082] The ground segment equipment is also used to send a cache status report to the low-orbit satellite 1;

[0083] The low-orbit satellite 1 is further configured to determine, based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite 1 within the flight window, uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device; and to send a first downlink control instruction to the ground segment device; the first downlink control instruction including the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device;

[0084] The ground segment device is further configured to send the first downlink control instruction to the user segment device;

[0085] The user segment device is further configured to receive a first downlink control instruction and transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite 1 on uplink transmission resources via the ground segment device.

[0086] The process of downlink data transmission from the low-orbit satellite 1 to the user segment device is opposite to the uplink data transmission process, and will not be described in detail here.

[0087] In short, through the above-mentioned low-orbit satellite communication system, data communication between user segment equipment and low-orbit satellites can be realized in any environment, thereby effectively solving the data collection and communication needs on a global scale, especially in areas not covered by ground communication networks, and has broad application prospects.

[0088] Based on the low-orbit satellite communication system described above, a low-orbit satellite communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below.

[0089] First, a low-orbit satellite communication method applied to a low-orbit satellite in the space segment is described.

[0090] Figure 2 This is one of the flow charts of the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0091] Step 202: Receive an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal.

[0092] Among them, when the user segment device needs to transmit data to the low-orbit satellite, the user segment device can first send an uplink resource request to the low-orbit satellite. The uplink resource request is used to request the low-orbit satellite to allocate uplink transmission resources to the user segment device, so that the user segment device can communicate with the low-orbit satellite quickly and accurately on the allocated uplink transmission resources.

[0093] User segment devices may include IoT terminals, such as the above Figure 1Fixed terminals in the satellite segment can also include IoT wireless access points and 5G base stations. Specifically, before engaging in satellite communications, user-segment devices can obtain their own service requirements, encapsulate these service requirements in an uplink resource request, and send them to ground-segment devices (specifically, a ground information center). The ground-segment devices then transmit them to the low-orbit satellite. This service requirement can reflect the user-segment device's service scenario, such as autonomous driving or telemedicine. It can also reflect the user-segment device's requirements for service data transmission latency, such as requiring low-latency data transmission.

[0094] In addition, it should be noted that the above-mentioned uplink resource request may include the service requirements of the user segment device, and may also include other information, such as the identification and location of the user segment device.

[0095] Step 204: Send an uplink transmission grant to the user segment device according to the uplink resource request, and receive a buffer status report sent by the user segment device; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device.

[0096] In this step, after receiving the uplink resource request sent by the user segment device, the low-orbit satellite can parse the uplink resource request to obtain the user segment device's service requirements. Based on the service requirements, the low-orbit satellite can then determine whether to grant the user segment device uplink transmission permission, that is, whether to send an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device. For example, if the user segment device's service requirement is for an autonomous driving scenario and the low-orbit satellite supports data transmission in this scenario, the user segment device can be granted uplink transmission permission, that is, the uplink transmission permission can be sent to the user segment device through the ground segment device.

[0097] Uplink transmission grants may include information such as transmission time, transmission frequency, transmission power, and transmission data volume. The transmission time specifies the time range within which user segment devices can perform uplink transmissions, including the start and end times. The transmission frequency specifies the frequency range that user segment devices can use to avoid interference with other users or services. The transmission power specifies the maximum transmit power of user segment devices during uplink transmissions to ensure signal quality while avoiding interference with other communications. The transmission data volume limits the maximum amount of data a user segment device can send within the time limit of an uplink transmission grant. By issuing uplink transmission grants to user segment devices, the satellite network can rationally allocate and manage limited communication resources, ensuring fairness and efficiency among different user segment devices and services. It also prevents multiple user segment devices from transmitting at the same time and frequency, reducing signal interference and data conflicts. Furthermore, transmission grants can be prioritized for important services based on their priority and quality requirements, ensuring the reliability and timeliness of critical communications.

[0098] After obtaining an uplink transmission permission from a low-orbit satellite via ground segment equipment, a user segment device determines that it can send data to the low-orbit satellite. The user segment device then obtains its own buffer status report. This buffer status report may include the user segment device's data transmission status, as well as information such as its communication status, identification, and location. The data transmission status here may include the status of the user segment device's data buffer (e.g., whether it is full), the amount of data required to be transmitted by the user segment device, and whether the data required to be transmitted by the user segment device is ready.

[0099] After the user segment device obtains its own cache status report, it can convert the cache status report into a signal suitable for transmission through modulation technology and send it to the ground segment device. The ground segment device then converts the signal into a signal suitable for reception by the low-orbit satellite and transmits it to the low-orbit satellite. In this way, the low-orbit satellite can receive the cache status report of the user segment device.

[0100] Step 206: Determine the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time.

[0101] In this step, before the low-orbit satellite transmits uplink data with the user segment device, it can first determine the preset flight window time. The preset flight window time refers to the time when the low-orbit satellite can transmit data with the user segment device, that is, the user segment device can transmit data with the low-orbit satellite within this flight window time.

[0102] The method for determining the flight window time may include the following process:

[0103] 1. Determine the mission window constraint inputs. First, the specific objectives and requirements of the satellite mission need to be clarified, such as whether it is for Earth observation, communication relay, or navigation positioning. Various mission-related constraints, such as satellite orbit parameters, ground station location, communication frequency band, and signal coverage, need to be collected.

[0104] 2. Specify launch and orbit insertion conditions. Specify the UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) time of the satellite launch. This time must align with the mission window to ensure the satellite successfully enters the planned orbit. Determine the six orbital parameters corresponding to the satellite at launch time, including semi-major axis, eccentricity, inclination, right ascension of the ascending node, argument of perigee, and true anomaly. Specify the required forecast time length to cover the entire mission window.

[0105] 3. Determine the spacecraft orbit prediction resolution. Select an appropriate orbit prediction resolution based on the mission's accuracy requirements and computing resource limitations. Higher resolutions increase prediction accuracy but also require more computation.

[0106] 4. Predict the spacecraft's orbital plane. Build a spacecraft orbital plane prediction model based on the satellite's orbital parameters and dynamic model. Use the orbital model to calculate the spacecraft's orbital plane within the mission window and determine the spacecraft's position and velocity at different time points.

[0107] 5. Determine the flight window. Analyze the calculated orbital plane to identify a flight window that meets mission requirements. Other factors, such as ground station availability, communication link quality, and the effects of the sun and Earth's shadow, must also be considered when determining the flight window. Based on the analysis and actual conditions, the flight window is optimized and adjusted to ensure the smooth progress of the mission.

[0108] The above process can be used to determine the flight window time of the low-orbit satellite. Then, the data transmission status within the flight window time can be estimated through parameters such as the performance parameters of the satellite communication link (such as channel capacity, transmission rate, etc.) and the length of the flight window time. The data transmission status here may include, for example, the amount of data that can be theoretically transmitted within the flight window time, or the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted within the flight window time, or the minimum amount of data that can be transmitted within the flight window time, or other information.

[0109] After receiving a buffer status report from a user segment device, the LEO satellite can determine the uplink transmission resources to allocate to the user segment device based on the data transmission status in the buffer status report and the data transmission status during the flight window. For example, the data transmission volume in the buffer status report can be matched with the data volume during the flight window. If the two match, uplink transmission resources can be allocated to the user segment device from available transmission resources. If the two do not match, no uplink transmission resources can be allocated to the user segment device.

[0110] Step 208: Send a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0111] In this step, after the low-orbit satellite determines the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device, it can carry the relevant information of the determined uplink transmission resources in the first downlink control instruction and send it to the ground segment device, and send the first downlink control instruction to the user segment device via the ground segment device.

[0112] After receiving the first downlink control instruction, the user segment device can parse the first downlink control instruction to obtain the uplink transmission resource therein, and then send its own uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource. The uplink transmission resources here can include time domain resources and frequency domain resources, that is, the frequency domain resources and time domain resources that specify the user segment device to specifically send uplink data. The frequency domain resources here can be, for example, bandwidth, and the time domain resources can be, for example, time slots. Then, when the time or time slot corresponding to the specified time domain resource arrives, the user segment device can send the uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the frequency corresponding to the frequency domain resource, so that the low-orbit satellite can accurately and quickly receive the uplink data of the user segment device.

[0113] In addition, the user segment device can continuously update its own cache status report during the data transmission process. At the same time, the low-orbit satellite can also continuously update its own data transmission status within the flight window time. According to the continuously updated cache status report of the user segment device and the data transmission status within the flight window time updated by itself, the uplink transmission resources are dynamically updated or continuously allocated to the user segment device, so that the user segment device can more efficiently realize data communication with the low-orbit satellite.

[0114] In this embodiment, a low-orbit satellite in the space segment receives an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device through a ground segment device, sends an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device based on the uplink resource request, and receives a cache status report sent by the user segment device to characterize the data transmission status of the user segment device. Then, based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time, the low-orbit satellite determines the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device, and sends a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device, wherein the first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource and is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource. The uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal. In this method, since the low-orbit satellite in the space segment communicates with the user segment equipment through the ground segment equipment, and uplink transmission resources are dynamically allocated to the user segment equipment based on the cache status report of the user segment equipment and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time, the user segment equipment can communicate with the low-orbit satellite in any environment without the need to build a base station on the ground. Therefore, the construction cost of the ground communication network can be reduced, and the communication coverage can be increased through the low-orbit satellite network, realizing global data collection, transmission, aggregation and processing, and providing users with global coverage, quasi-real-time, all-weather data collection and communication services.

[0115] The following embodiment describes a process for determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to a user segment device when the data transmission status of the user segment device includes a first amount of data that the user segment device needs to transmit, and the data transmission status of the low-orbit satellite estimated to be transmitted within the flight window includes a second amount of data that the low-orbit satellite estimates to be transmittable within the flight time window.

[0116] In some embodiments, determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window in step 206 may include the following steps:

[0117] The remaining data amount that can be transmitted by the user segment device is determined based on the first data amount and the second data amount; and the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device are determined from the transmission resources of the low-orbit satellite based on the remaining data amount.

[0118] The second data volume estimated by the low-orbit satellite to be transmittable within the flight time window is the total data volume or maximum data volume that the low-orbit satellite allows the user-segment device to transmit or send within the flight window. This volume can be estimated based on the performance parameters of the satellite communication link (such as channel capacity, transmission rate, etc.) and the length of the flight window. The first data volume is the data volume determined by quantifying the data required to be transmitted as included in the user-segment device's buffer status report, and can be recorded as the first data volume.

[0119] After obtaining the first data volume and the second data volume, the low-orbit satellite may subtract the second data volume from the first data volume to obtain a difference, which is the remaining data volume. The uplink transmission resource allocated to the user-segment device may then be determined based on the remaining data volume. For example, if the remaining data volume is greater than or equal to 0, it is determined that the low-orbit satellite can transmit all the data in the buffer status report of the user-segment device within the flight window. In this case, an idle transmission resource matching the size of the first data volume can be found among the transmission resources of the low-orbit satellite and used as the uplink transmission resource allocated to the user-segment device. For another example, if the remaining data volume is less than 0, it is determined that the low-orbit satellite cannot transmit all the data in the buffer status report of the user-segment device within the flight window. In this case, an idle transmission resource matching the size of the second data volume can be found among the transmission resources of the low-orbit satellite and used as the uplink transmission resource allocated to the user-segment device.

[0120] In this embodiment, the low-orbit satellite can determine the remaining data amount based on its estimated second data amount that can be transmitted within the flight window time and the first data amount required to be transmitted included in the cache status report of the user segment device, and allocate uplink transmission resources to the user segment device based on the remaining data amount. This can ensure the integrity of data transmission between the low-orbit satellite and the user segment device and avoid data omissions.

[0121] The following embodiments illustrate the process of determining a scheduling mode for user segment devices and performing corresponding resource scheduling according to the determined scheduling mode.

[0122] Figure 3 This is the second flow chart of the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, before receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device in the above step 204, the above method further includes the following steps:

[0123] Step 302: Determine the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device based on the service requirements of the user segment device; or determine the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device based on the network status of the low-orbit satellite; the above-mentioned target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode.

[0124] The service requirements of user-segment devices may include their service scenarios or service requirements for metrics such as latency. Based on these requirements, a target scheduling method for the user-segment devices can be determined. This target scheduling method is the optimal method for resource scheduling for the user-segment devices. The network status of a low-orbit satellite includes, among other things, the satellite's load and resource status. The low-orbit satellite can determine the target scheduling method for the user-segment devices based on either or both of the service requirements and the satellite's network status. The following describes the implementation of two methods: determining the target scheduling method for user-segment devices based on service requirements and determining the target scheduling method based on network status.

[0125] For a low-orbit satellite, determining a target scheduling mode corresponding to a user segment device according to business requirements may include the following steps:

[0126] Determine the service attributes corresponding to the user segment device based on the service requirements of the user segment device; the above service attributes are used to characterize whether the service of the user segment device is a low-latency service;

[0127] If the service attribute of the user segment device is a low-latency service, the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a scheduling-free mode; if the service attribute of the user segment device is a non-low-latency service, the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a satellite scheduling mode.

[0128] Among them, the corresponding service attributes of the user segment device can be directly determined by the service requirements. For example, if the service requirement is low latency, then its service attribute is determined to be a low-latency service attribute. Alternatively, the service attributes corresponding to the user segment device can be determined by the service requirements and a preset correspondence. The preset correspondence may include a correspondence between service scenarios and service attributes. The above-mentioned service requirements may include service scenarios. Then, after obtaining the service requirements, the service scenarios can be obtained from them, and the corresponding service attributes can be obtained from the correspondence. For example, if the service requirements include the service scenario of the user segment device, assuming it is an autonomous driving scenario, and the service corresponding to the autonomous driving scenario is a low-latency service, then its service attribute can be determined to be a low-latency service attribute.

[0129] The above method, combined with the service requirements of the user-segment device, can determine the service attributes of the user-segment device. If the service attribute is low-latency, the user-segment device data needs to be quickly sent to the low-orbit satellite. In this case, the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user-segment device can be determined as scheduling-free. This scheduling-free mode refers to the use of 5G NR (New Radio) technology, which allows the user-segment device to send data directly to the low-orbit satellite without waiting for scheduling instructions from the low-orbit satellite / network. This allows the user-segment device to send uplink data on some predetermined resources without uplink transmission resource scheduling. This can reduce scheduling waiting time, improve latency-sensitive dedicated services, and thus reduce overall communication latency. If the service attribute is not a low-latency service attribute, the user-segment device can send its own data transmission status to the low-orbit satellite through the cache status report and wait for the resource scheduling of the low-orbit satellite, that is, the target scheduling method of the user-end device can be determined as the satellite scheduling method. The non-low-latency services here generally include file transfer, email sending, etc. These services have relatively loose requirements on the data transmission delay. In this mode, the user-segment device will first store the data in the cache, and then send the data according to the scheduling instructions of the low-orbit satellite / network. This method can better utilize network resources and improve the overall throughput of the system.

[0130] For the low-orbit satellite, determining the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device according to the network status may optionally include the following steps:

[0131] If the network status of the low-orbit satellite indicates that the load of the low-orbit satellite is less than a first threshold and / or the remaining transmission resources are greater than a second threshold, then the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a no-scheduling mode; if the network status of the low-orbit satellite indicates that the load of the low-orbit satellite is not less than a first threshold and / or the remaining transmission resources are not greater than a second threshold, then the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a satellite scheduling mode.

[0132] Among them, the network status of the network corresponding to the low-orbit satellite includes the status of the network load and the status of the transmission resources. It can be determined whether the load is less than the first threshold and whether the transmission resources are greater than the second threshold. If at least one of the load is less than the first threshold and the transmission resources are greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the current network load is light or the resources are sufficient. At this time, it can be considered to use the scheduling-free mode to send data, that is, the target scheduling mode of the user segment device is determined to be the scheduling-free mode, so that efficient data transmission can be achieved. If at least one of the load is not less than the first threshold and the transmission resources is not greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the current network load is heavy or the resources are scarce. At this time, in order to ensure the stable operation of the system, data transmission in the cache state can be given priority, that is, the target scheduling mode of the user terminal device can be determined to be the satellite scheduling mode, that is, the user segment device needs to send a cache status report to the low-orbit satellite and wait for the low-orbit satellite to schedule resources.

[0133] The sizes of the first threshold and the second threshold can be set according to actual conditions and are not specifically limited here.

[0134] Step 304: If the target scheduling mode is the scheduling-free mode, a second downlink control instruction is sent to the user segment device; the second downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on the preset transmission resources.

[0135] In this step, if the target scheduling mode for the user-segment device is non-scheduling, the LEO satellite can send a second downlink control instruction to the user-segment device via the ground-segment device, instructing the user-segment device to send data directly to the LEO satellite using the preset transmission resources without waiting for the LEO satellite's resource scheduling. This can achieve low service latency and reduce overall communication latency. The preset transmission resources can be determined according to the network protocol or pre-configured for the user-segment device.

[0136] Step 306: If the target scheduling mode is the satellite scheduling mode, the process returns to the step of receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device.

[0137] In this step, if the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is the satellite scheduling mode, the user segment device can send a cache status report to the low-orbit satellite. The low-orbit satellite can then continue to execute the above step 204 of receiving the cache status report sent by the user segment device, and allocate uplink transmission resources to the user segment device according to the cache status report, thereby realizing resource scheduling of the user segment device by the low-orbit satellite.

[0138] In this embodiment, the corresponding scheduling mode for user-segment devices is determined based on their service requirements or network status, and different operations are performed based on different scheduling modes. This ensures the rapid implementation of low-latency services and the operational stability of the communication system. Furthermore, the service attributes of the user-segment device are determined based on service requirements to determine whether the service is a low-latency service. If it is a low-latency service, its scheduling mode is determined to be scheduling-free. This reduces scheduling wait time, improves latency-sensitive dedicated services, and thus reduces overall communication latency. If it is a non-low-latency service, its scheduling mode is determined to be satellite scheduling. This allows for better utilization of network resources and improves overall system throughput.

[0139] In the process of allocating resources to user segment devices by low-orbit satellites, in order to better allocate resources, resource allocation can also be performed in combination with information such as the device type of the user segment device. The following embodiment illustrates this process.

[0140] In some embodiments, determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window in step 206 may include the following steps:

[0141] Step A1: determining a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device according to an uplink message of the user segment device; the uplink message includes an uplink resource request and / or a buffer status report.

[0142] In this step, when the user segment device sends an uplink resource request and a cache status report to the low-orbit satellite, the uplink resource request and the cache status report are both transmitted in the form of messages and can be recorded as uplink messages. The uplink message can include relevant device information of the user segment device, and the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device can be determined based on the relevant device information.

[0143] Optionally, the determining of the characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device according to the uplink message of the user segment device may include the following steps:

[0144] An organizationally unique identifier (MAC OUI) identification method is used to identify the uplink message to obtain first device information corresponding to the user segment device. A simple network management protocol (SNMP) query identification method is used to read the management information base (MIB) information of the user segment device, and second device information corresponding to the user segment device is determined based on the MIB information. The second device information is not completely identical to the first device information. The first device information and the second device information are combined to determine a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device.

[0145] The MAC OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) identification method uses the first three bytes of the MAC address (OUI) in the upstream message to identify the manufacturer of the user-segment device's network interface card. For example, the OUI can be used to determine the manufacturer of the user-segment device's network interface card. The device information obtained through MAC OUI identification is referred to as the first device information.

[0146] An SNMP query (Simple Network Management Protocol query) can read the MIB information of user-segment devices through the SNMP protocol, obtaining basic system information and device descriptions. For example, the sysDescr MIB node provides basic system information, while the hrDeviceDescr MIB node contains the device's manufacturer, model, and optional serial number. The device information obtained through the SNMP query can be recorded as the second device information.

[0147] The first device information is relatively rough and can be used to initially categorize user-segment devices, such as by manufacturer. The second device information includes more detailed and accurate device information, such as the specific device model and operating system version. This allows for more precise device identification and classification after the initial categorization of user-segment devices. In other words, the second device information contains more detailed device information than the first device information, and the two are not identical.

[0148] After obtaining the first device information and the second device information, the non-repeated information in the two device information may be combined as a characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device. That is, the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device may reflect the accurate information of the device.

[0149] Step A2: Determine the target device type corresponding to the user segment device in a preset fingerprint library based on the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device; the fingerprint library includes a plurality of correspondences between different characteristic fingerprints and device types.

[0150] Among them, the characteristic fingerprints of different devices can be collected in advance, and each device can be classified according to the characteristic fingerprints of different devices to obtain the device type of each device. Then, a corresponding relationship between the characteristic fingerprints of the devices and the device types can be established to form a fingerprint library.

[0151] After obtaining the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device, the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device can be matched in the fingerprint library to obtain a matching characteristic fingerprint, and then the device type corresponding to the matching characteristic fingerprint is obtained. The device type is the target device type corresponding to the user segment device.

[0152] Step A3: Determine the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the target device type, the buffer status report, and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time.

[0153] In this step, the uplink transmission resources can be preliminarily determined through the cache status report of the user segment device combined with the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite. Then, after obtaining the target device type of the user segment device, the uplink transmission resources matching the target device type can be obtained from the preliminarily determined uplink transmission resources based on the target device type, as the uplink transmission resources finally allocated to the user segment device.

[0154] Alternatively, the resource allocation priority of the user segment device can be obtained, and based on the target device type and the resource allocation priority, an uplink transmission resource matching the target device type can be obtained from the preliminarily determined uplink transmission resources as the uplink transmission resource finally allocated to the user segment device.

[0155] Alternatively, other methods may be used to determine the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device, which are not specifically limited here.

[0156] In this embodiment, the user-segment device's uplink message is used to obtain its characteristic fingerprint and the corresponding target device type in the fingerprint database. Uplink transmission resources are then allocated to the user-segment device based on the target device type, cache status reports, and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite. This provides a richer reference information, thereby improving the accuracy of resource allocation for user-segment devices. Furthermore, by combining MAC OUI identification with SNMP Query identification to identify user-segment device information, the accuracy and reliability of device identification are improved, enabling rapid and accurate subsequent resource allocation and scheduling.

[0157] In some embodiments, the low-orbit satellite system corresponding to the above-mentioned low-orbit satellite is an enhanced low-orbit satellite Internet of Things communication system.

[0158] In some embodiments, the low-orbit satellite system corresponding to the above-mentioned low-orbit satellite can provide global coverage, quasi-real-time, all-weather data collection and communication services, and include secure communication protocols for data encryption, decryption, integrity verification and user identity authentication.

[0159] In some embodiments, the low-orbit satellite system corresponding to the above-mentioned low-orbit satellite is designed to be high-capacity, low-power and low-cost, and includes a modular satellite design that allows the satellite to be upgraded and maintained after launch.

[0160] In some embodiments, the low-orbit satellite system corresponding to the above-mentioned low-orbit satellite uses spatial multiplexing technology and multi-user MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology to allow multiple data streams to be transmitted to the receiving end at the same time, and at the same time allow the low-orbit satellite / base station to serve multiple users / user segment devices at the same time, reducing interference by spatially separating users, so as to improve system capacity.

[0161] The above embodiment describes a low-orbit satellite communication method applied to a low-orbit satellite in the space segment. The following describes a low-orbit satellite communication method applied to a user segment device.

[0162] Figure 4 This is the third flow chart of the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0163] Step 402: Send an uplink resource request to the low-orbit satellite in the null point segment through the ground segment equipment; the uplink resource request includes the business needs of the user segment equipment, and the user segment equipment includes the Internet of Things terminal.

[0164] In this step, for the content and process of the user segment device sending the uplink resource request to the low-orbit satellite, please refer to the explanation in the above-mentioned embodiment of the low-orbit satellite side, which will not be repeated here.

[0165] Step 404: Receive an uplink transmission permission sent by a low-orbit satellite, and send a buffer status report to the low-orbit satellite; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device.

[0166] In this step, for the process of the user segment device receiving the uplink transmission permission sent by the low-orbit satellite and sending the cache status report to the low-orbit satellite, please refer to the explanation in the above-mentioned embodiment of the low-orbit satellite side, which will not be repeated here.

[0167] Step 406: Receive a first downlink control instruction sent by the low-orbit satellite; the above-mentioned first downlink control instruction includes uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device, and the uplink transmission resources are determined by the low-orbit satellite based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time.

[0168] In this step, for the specific content and process of the first downlink control instruction sent by the low-orbit satellite of the user segment device, please refer to the explanation in the above-mentioned embodiment of the low-orbit satellite side, and will not be repeated here.

[0169] Step 408: Transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite via uplink transmission resources.

[0170] In this step, the user segment device can send uplink data on the uplink transmission resources allocated to it by the low-orbit satellite, so that the uplink data can be accurately sent.

[0171] In this embodiment, a user-segment device sends an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in the space segment through a ground-segment device. The low-orbit satellite in the space segment receives the uplink resource request sent by the user-segment device through the ground-segment device, sends an uplink transmission grant to the user-segment device based on the uplink resource request, and receives a cache status report sent by the user-segment device that characterizes the data transmission status of the user-segment device. Then, based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window, the low-orbit satellite determines the uplink transmission resource allocated to the user-segment device, and sends a first downlink control instruction to the user-segment device. The first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource and is used to instruct the user-segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource. The uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user-segment device, and the user-segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal. In this method, since the low-orbit satellite in the space segment communicates with the user segment equipment through the ground segment equipment, and uplink transmission resources are dynamically allocated to the user segment equipment based on the cache status report of the user segment equipment and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time, the user segment equipment can communicate with the low-orbit satellite in any environment without the need to build a base station on the ground. Therefore, the construction cost of the ground communication network can be reduced, and the communication coverage can be increased through the low-orbit satellite network, realizing global data collection, transmission, aggregation and processing, and providing users with global coverage, quasi-real-time, all-weather data collection and communication services.

[0172] In some embodiments, the user-segment devices include low-power IoT terminals. Each user-segment device can be equipped with a data preprocessing module for performing data encryption, decryption, compression, cleansing, formatting, and standardization. Data encryption and decryption ensure the security of data transmission during satellite communications. Data compression allows data transmitted during satellite communications to adapt to satellite communication bandwidth limitations. Data cleansing, formatting, and standardization improve data availability and analysis accuracy.

[0173] In some embodiments, the user-segment devices can employ lightweight communication protocols to pre-process the transmitted data. This pre-processing may include format conversion, filtering, and other processing. This allows for unification of data transmitted from different sensors / devices, effectively resolving sensor-layer data access issues, improving data uniformity and accessibility, and enabling data interoperability between different systems and devices. Examples of these lightweight communication protocols include MQTT, MQTT-SN, or CoAP.

[0174] The following is a complete low-orbit satellite communication process:

[0175] The user segment device converts the data to be sent into a signal suitable for transmission through modulation technology, prepares it as user segment data and sends it to the ground segment device. The ground segment device sends the modulated signal to the designated low-orbit satellite. The low-orbit satellite receives the signal sent by the ground segment device and sends the signal to the ground segment device or user segment device at the target location through forwarding technology. The ground segment device at the target location then receives the signal sent by the low-orbit satellite, restores the received data to the original data, and sends the restored data to the designated target user segment device.

[0176] The above process covers the entire process, from data preparation by ground-based user segment equipment, transmission through ground segment equipment and low-orbit satellites, to data restoration and delivery to the target user segment equipment. Each step ensures efficient and reliable data transmission across the satellite network.

[0177] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention include at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0178] 1. Global coverage: Achieve seamless global coverage through low-orbit satellite constellations, filling the blind spots of terrestrial communication networks.

[0179] 2. High capacity and low power consumption: The system design takes into account the needs of high capacity and low power consumption, and is suitable for large-scale IoT applications.

[0180] 3. Improve system capacity: Allow multiple data streams to be transmitted to the receiver simultaneously, and allow the base station to serve multiple users at the same time, reducing interference by spatially separating users.

[0181] The low-orbit satellite communication device provided by the present invention is described below. The low-orbit satellite communication device described below and the low-orbit satellite communication method described above can be referenced to each other.

[0182] The following first describes the low-orbit satellite communication device on the low-orbit satellite side.

[0183] Figure 5 This is one of the structural diagrams of the low-orbit satellite communication device provided by the present invention, see Figure 5As shown, the device may include:

[0184] The request receiving module 510 is configured to receive an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal;

[0185] The report receiving module 520 is configured to send an uplink transmission grant to the user segment device according to the uplink resource request and receive a buffer status report sent by the user segment device; the buffer status report is used to indicate the data transmission status of the user segment device;

[0186] a resource determination module 530 for determining uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window;

[0187] The instruction sending module 540 is used to send a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the above-mentioned first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0188] In some embodiments, the data transmission status of the user segment device includes a first amount of data required to be transmitted by the user segment device, the data transmission status of the low-orbit satellite estimated within the flight window includes a second amount of data that can be transmitted by the low-orbit satellite estimated within the flight window, and the resource determination module 530 includes:

[0189] a data amount determining unit, configured to determine a remaining amount of data that can be transmitted by the user segment device based on the first amount of data and the second amount of data;

[0190] The first resource determination unit is configured to determine, based on the remaining data amount, uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device from the transmission resources of the low-orbit satellite.

[0191] In some embodiments, before the report receiving module 520 receives the buffer status report sent by the user segment device, the apparatus further includes:

[0192] A scheduling mode determination module is used to determine a target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device based on the service requirements of the user segment device; or to determine a target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device based on the network status of the low-orbit satellite; the above-mentioned target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode;

[0193] The execution module is configured to, if the target scheduling mode is the scheduling-free mode, send a second downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the second downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on a preset transmission resource; and if the target scheduling mode is the satellite scheduling mode, return to the step of receiving the cache status report sent by the user segment device.

[0194] Optionally, the above-mentioned scheduling mode determination module is specifically used to determine the service attributes corresponding to the user segment device according to the service requirements of the user segment device; the above-mentioned service attributes are used to characterize whether the service of the user segment device is a low-latency service; if the service attribute of the user segment device is a low-latency service, then the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a scheduling-free mode; if the service attribute of the user segment device is a non-low-latency service, then the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is determined to be a satellite scheduling mode.

[0195] In some embodiments, the resource determination module 530 includes:

[0196] A feature fingerprint determining unit, configured to determine a feature fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device based on an uplink message of the user segment device; the uplink message includes an uplink resource request and / or a cache status report;

[0197] A device type determination unit is configured to determine a target device type corresponding to the user segment device in a preset fingerprint library based on the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device; the fingerprint library includes a plurality of correspondences between different characteristic fingerprints and device types;

[0198] The second resource determination unit is used to determine the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device according to the target device type, the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time.

[0199] Optionally, the above-mentioned feature fingerprint determination unit is specifically used to use a MAC OUI identification method to identify the uplink message to obtain the first device information corresponding to the user segment device; use an SNMP Query identification method to read the MIB information of the user segment device, and determine the second device information corresponding to the user segment device based on the MIB information; the second device information is not exactly the same as the first device information; the first device information and the second device information are combined to determine the feature fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device.

[0200] The following describes the low-orbit satellite communication device on the user segment equipment side.

[0201] Figure 6 This is the second structural diagram of the low-orbit satellite communication device provided by the present invention, see Figure 6 As shown, the device may include:

[0202] The request sending module 610 is configured to send an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in the null point segment via a ground segment device. The uplink resource request includes the service requirements of a user segment device, which includes an IoT terminal.

[0203] The report sending module 620 is used to receive the uplink transmission permission sent by the low-orbit satellite and send a buffer status report to the low-orbit satellite; the buffer status report is used to indicate the data transmission status of the user segment device;

[0204] The command receiving module 630 is configured to receive a first downlink control command sent by a low-orbit satellite. The first downlink control command includes an uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device. The uplink transmission resource is determined by the low-orbit satellite based on a buffer status report and an estimated data transmission status within a flight window by the low-orbit satellite.

[0205] The data transmission module 640 is used to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resources.

[0206] It should be noted here that the above-mentioned device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can implement all the method steps implemented by the above-mentioned method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. The parts and beneficial effects that are the same as the method embodiment in this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0207] Figure 7 The following is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a low-orbit satellite. Figure 7 As shown, the low-orbit satellite may include: a processor 710 , a communications interface 720 , a memory 730 and a communication bus 740 , wherein the processor 710 , the communications interface 720 , and the memory 730 communicate with each other via the communication bus 740 . The processor 710 can call the logic instructions in the memory 730 to execute the low-orbit satellite communication method, which includes: receiving an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device through a ground segment device; the above-mentioned uplink resource request includes the business needs of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; sending an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device according to the uplink resource request, and receiving a cache status report sent by the user segment device; the above-mentioned cache status report is used to characterize the data transmission status of the user segment device; determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device according to the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; sending a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the above-mentioned first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resources, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resources.

[0208] Figure 8The following is an example of a physical structure diagram of a user segment device, such as Figure 8 As shown, the user segment device may include: a processor 810, a communications interface 820, a memory 830, and a communications bus 840. The processor 810, the communications interface 820, and the memory 830 communicate with each other via the communications bus 840. The processor 810 may invoke logic instructions in the memory 830 to execute a low-orbit satellite communication method, which includes: transmitting an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in a null point segment via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, which includes an Internet of Things terminal; receiving an uplink transmission grant from the low-orbit satellite and transmitting a buffer status report to the low-orbit satellite; the buffer status report indicates the data transmission status of the user segment device; receiving a first downlink control instruction from the low-orbit satellite; the first downlink control instruction includes uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device, the uplink transmission resources being determined by the low-orbit satellite based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within a flight window; and transmitting uplink data to the low-orbit satellite via the uplink transmission resources.

[0209] Furthermore, the logic instructions in the aforementioned memory 730 or memory 830 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product, stored in a storage medium, includes instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage media include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0210] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program, which can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the above-mentioned methods, which includes: receiving an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device through a ground segment device; the above-mentioned uplink resource request includes the business needs of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; sending an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device according to the uplink resource request, and receiving a cache status report sent by the user segment device; the above-mentioned cache status report is used to characterize the data transmission status of the user segment device; determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; sending a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the above-mentioned first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0211] Alternatively, a low-orbit satellite communication method is executed, which includes: sending an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in a null point segment through a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the business needs of a user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; receiving an uplink transmission permission sent by the low-orbit satellite, and sending a cache status report to the low-orbit satellite; the cache status report is used to characterize the data transmission status of the user segment device; receiving a first downlink control instruction sent by the low-orbit satellite; the first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device, and the uplink transmission resource is determined by the low-orbit satellite based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; and transmitting uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0212] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to execute the low-orbit satellite communication method provided by the above-mentioned methods, the method comprising: receiving an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device through a ground segment device; the above-mentioned uplink resource request includes the business needs of the user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; sending an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device according to the uplink resource request, and receiving a cache status report sent by the user segment device; the above-mentioned cache status report is used to characterize the data transmission status of the user segment device; determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; sending a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the above-mentioned first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0213] Alternatively, a low-orbit satellite communication method is executed, which includes: sending an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in a null point segment through a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the business needs of a user segment device, and the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; receiving an uplink transmission permission sent by the low-orbit satellite, and sending a cache status report to the low-orbit satellite; the cache status report is used to characterize the data transmission status of the user segment device; receiving a first downlink control instruction sent by the low-orbit satellite; the first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device, and the uplink transmission resource is determined by the low-orbit satellite based on the cache status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; and transmitting uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource.

[0214] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of the present embodiment. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will be able to understand and implement the present invention without inventive effort.

[0215] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and includes a number of instructions for causing a computer device (such as a personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or certain portions of the embodiments.

[0216] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-orbit satellite communication method, characterized in that: Low-orbit satellites used in the space segment include: receiving an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request including a service requirement of the user segment device, the user segment device including an Internet of Things terminal; the service requirement including a service scenario or service delay of the user segment device; determining, based on the uplink resource request, whether to grant the user segment device an uplink transmission permission; and if so, sending an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device and receiving a buffer status report sent by the user segment device; wherein the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device; and wherein the uplink transmission permission is used to represent relevant information instructed by the low-orbit satellite to transmit data to the user segment device, including at least one of transmission time, transmission frequency, transmission power, and transmission data volume; Determining uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device according to the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; Sending a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource; Before receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device, the method further includes: Determining a target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device according to the service requirements of the user segment device; the target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode; If the target scheduling mode is a scheduling-free mode, sending a second downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the second downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on a preset transmission resource; If the target scheduling mode is the satellite scheduling mode, the process returns to the step of receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device.

2. The low-orbit satellite communication method according to claim 1, wherein: The data transmission status of the user segment device includes a first data amount required to be transmitted by the user segment device, the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window includes a second data amount estimated to be transmittable by the low-orbit satellite within the flight time window, and determining the uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window includes: determining a remaining amount of data that can be transmitted by the user segment device based on the first amount of data and the second amount of data; According to the remaining data amount, uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device are determined from the transmission resources of the low-orbit satellite.

3. The low-orbit satellite communication method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Before receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device, the method further includes: Determining a target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device according to a network status of the low-orbit satellite; the target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode; If the target scheduling mode is a scheduling-free mode, sending a second downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the second downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on a preset transmission resource; If the target scheduling mode is the satellite scheduling mode, the process returns to the step of receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device.

4. The low-orbit satellite communication method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The determining, according to the service requirements of the user segment device, a target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device includes: Determining a service attribute corresponding to the user segment device according to the service requirements of the user segment device; the service attribute is used to characterize whether the service of the user segment device is a low-latency service; If the service attribute of the user segment device is a low-latency service, determining that the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is a scheduling-free mode; If the service attribute of the user segment device is a non-low-latency service, it is determined that the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is a satellite scheduling mode.

5. The low-orbit satellite communication method according to claim 1, wherein: The determining, based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time, the uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device includes: Determining a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device according to an uplink message of the user segment device; the uplink message includes the uplink resource request and / or the buffer status report; According to the characteristic fingerprint of the user segment device, determining the target device type corresponding to the user segment device in a preset fingerprint library; the fingerprint library includes a plurality of correspondences between different characteristic fingerprints and device types; Determine uplink transmission resources allocated to the user segment device according to the target device type, the buffer status report, and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time.

6. The low-orbit satellite communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The determining, according to the uplink message of the user segment device, a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device includes: Identify the uplink message using an organizationally unique identifier (MAC OUI) identification method to obtain first device information corresponding to the user segment device; Using a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) query identification method to read the management information base (MIB) information of the user segment device, and determining second device information corresponding to the user segment device based on the MIB information; the second device information is not completely the same as the first device information; The first device information and the second device information are combined to determine a characteristic fingerprint corresponding to the user segment device.

7. A low-orbit satellite communication method, characterized in that: Applicable to user segment equipment, including: Sending an uplink resource request to a low-orbit satellite in the null point segment through a ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes the service requirements of the user segment device, the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; the service requirements include the service scenario or service delay of the user segment device; receiving an uplink transmission permission sent by the low-orbit satellite, and sending a buffer status report to the low-orbit satellite; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device; the uplink transmission permission is sent by the low-orbit satellite after determining to grant the uplink transmission permission to the user segment device according to the uplink resource request, and the uplink transmission permission is used to represent relevant information of the user segment device instructed by the low-orbit satellite to transmit data, including: at least one of: transmission time, transmission frequency, transmission power, and transmission data volume; receiving a first downlink control instruction sent by the low-orbit satellite; the first downlink control instruction includes an uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device, the uplink transmission resource being determined by the low-orbit satellite based on the buffer status report and a data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within a flight window; Transmitting uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource; Before sending the buffer status report to the low-orbit satellite, the method further includes: receiving a second downlink control instruction sent by the low-orbit satellite; the second downlink control instruction is sent by the low-orbit satellite after determining, based on the service requirements of the user segment device, that a target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is a scheduling-free mode, and is used to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on a preset transmission resource; the target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode; When the low-orbit satellite determines that the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is the satellite scheduling mode based on the service requirements of the user segment device, the process returns to executing the step of sending the cache status report to the low-orbit satellite.

8. A low-orbit satellite communication device, characterized in that: Low-orbit satellites used in the space segment include: a request receiving module, configured to receive an uplink resource request sent by a user segment device via a ground segment device; the uplink resource request including a service requirement of the user segment device, wherein the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; and the service requirement including a service scenario or service latency of the user segment device; a report receiving module, configured to determine whether to grant the user segment device uplink transmission permission based on the uplink resource request; if so, to send an uplink transmission permission to the user segment device and receive a buffer status report sent by the user segment device; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device; the uplink transmission permission is used to represent relevant information instructed by the low-orbit satellite to transmit data to the user segment device, including at least one of transmission time, transmission frequency, transmission power, and transmission data volume; a resource determination module, configured to determine an uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window time; an instruction sending module, configured to send a first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; the first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource, and the first downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource; Before receiving the buffer status report sent by the user segment device, the apparatus further includes: A scheduling mode determination module is used to determine a target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device according to the service requirements of the user segment device; the target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode; An execution module is configured to send a second downlink control instruction to the user segment device if the target scheduling mode is a scheduling-free mode; the second downlink control instruction is used to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on a preset transmission resource; and if the target scheduling mode is a satellite scheduling mode, execute the step of receiving a cache status report sent by the user segment device in the report receiving module.

9. A low-orbit satellite communication system, characterized in that: Includes low-orbit satellites in the space segment, ground segment equipment, and user segment equipment connected in sequence; The user segment device is configured to send an uplink resource request to the ground segment device; the uplink resource request includes a service requirement of the user segment device, the user segment device includes an Internet of Things terminal; the service requirement includes a service scenario or service delay of the user segment device; The ground segment device is configured to send the uplink resource request to the low-orbit satellite; The low-orbit satellite is configured to receive the uplink resource request, and determine whether to grant the user segment device uplink transmission permission based on the uplink resource request, and if it is determined to be granted, send the uplink transmission permission to the user segment device via the ground segment device; The uplink transmission permission is used to represent relevant information of the low-orbit satellite instructing the user segment device to transmit data, including at least one of: transmission time, transmission frequency, transmission power and transmission data volume; The user segment device is further configured to receive the uplink transmission permission and send a buffer status report to the ground segment device; the buffer status report is used to represent the data transmission status of the user segment device; The ground segment device is further configured to send the cache status report to the low-orbit satellite; The low-orbit satellite is further configured to determine, based on the buffer status report and the data transmission status estimated by the low-orbit satellite within the flight window, an uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device; and send a first downlink control instruction to the ground segment device; the first downlink control instruction includes the uplink transmission resource allocated to the user segment device; The ground segment device is further configured to send the first downlink control instruction to the user segment device; The user segment device is further configured to receive the first downlink control instruction and transmit uplink data to the low-orbit satellite on the uplink transmission resource through the ground segment device; Before the user segment device sends the buffer status report to the ground segment device, the user segment device is further configured to receive a second downlink control instruction sent by the low-orbit satellite; the second downlink control instruction is sent by the low-orbit satellite after the low-orbit satellite determines, based on the service requirements of the user segment device, that the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is a scheduling-free mode, and is configured to instruct the user segment device to communicate with the low-orbit satellite on a preset transmission resource; the target scheduling mode includes a scheduling-free mode or a satellite scheduling mode; The user segment device is further configured to execute the step of sending a cache status report to the ground segment device when the low-orbit satellite determines that the target scheduling mode corresponding to the user segment device is a satellite scheduling mode based on the business needs of the user segment device.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the low-orbit satellite communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the low-orbit satellite communication method according to claim 7 is implemented.

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