A shaft sleeve type electromagnetic clutch and vehicle

Abstract

The sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch and vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application relate to the technical field of vehicle power transmission equipment, wherein the electromagnetic clutch includes: an input assembly, including an input shaft and a first input gear and a second input gear that cooperate with the input shaft; an output assembly, including an output shaft, and the output shaft is arranged on one side of the input shaft; a transmission assembly, including a first gear, a second gear, a torque transmission gear shaft, a first gear sleeve and a second gear sleeve; the torque transmission gear shaft sleeve is arranged on the output shaft and is located between the first gear and the second gear, and the torque transmission gear shaft can move relative to the axial direction of the output shaft; a drive structure is used to drive the torque transmission gear shaft to move axially along the output shaft. In the embodiment of the present application, it is possible to realize three-gear shift control, namely "neutral", "first gear" and "second gear", and it is possible to complete the switching of the three gears, so that the speed and torque range of the power unit output is larger and the scope of application is wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle power transmission equipment, and in particular to a shaft sleeve type electromagnetic clutch and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the relevant technology, the basic working principle of the electromagnetic clutch is: when the current acts on the electromagnetic coil, under the combined action of electromagnetic force and electrostatic force, torque is generated between the stator and the rotor, and this torque causes the rotor to start rotating, thereby realizing the transmission of kinetic energy. When the current is disconnected, the stator and the rotor are separated, and the output shaft stops working. However, the traditional electromagnetic clutch can only achieve transmission changes by disconnecting and connecting the power transfer element, that is, there are only two positions of "neutral" and "first gear", and it is impossible to control two gears or more gear shifting operations. As the speed and torque output of current power devices increase, the applicability of single-speed tooth clutches is limited. This type of clutch is not suitable for power devices that need to change the output speed and torque. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch that can realize three-speed shift control, thereby increasing the speed and torque range of the power unit output and extending its application range.

[0004] In one aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch, comprising:

[0005] An input assembly, comprising an input shaft and a first input gear and a second input gear matched with the input shaft;

[0006] An output assembly, comprising an output shaft, wherein the output shaft is arranged on one side of the input shaft;

[0007] The transmission assembly includes a first gear, a second gear, a torque transmission gear shaft, a first gear sleeve and a second gear sleeve, wherein the first gear and the second gear are arranged at intervals on the output shaft, the first gear is meshed with the first input gear, and the second gear is meshed with the second input gear; the first gear sleeve is fixedly connected to the first gear, and the second gear sleeve is fixedly connected to the second gear; the torque transmission gear shaft and the output shaft are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, and the torque transmission gear shaft can move relative to the axial direction of the output shaft, wherein the first gear sleeve has a first biting portion; the second gear sleeve has a second biting portion, and the torque transmission gear shaft has a first combining portion and a second combining portion, the first combining portion is used to cooperate with the first biting portion, and the second combining portion is used to cooperate with the second biting portion;

[0008] The driving structure is used to drive the torque transmission gear shaft to move axially along the output shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the torque transmission gear shaft has a first working position, a second working position and a third working position along the axial direction of the output shaft, wherein when the torque transmission gear shaft is in the first working position, the first combining portion cooperates with the first biting portion; when the torque transmission gear shaft is in the second working position, the second combining portion cooperates with the second biting portion; when the torque transmission gear shaft is in the third working position, the first combining portion and the first biting portion are staggered, and the second combining portion and the second biting portion are staggered.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a gear sleeve, which is sleeved on the output shaft and fixedly connected to the output shaft, wherein the gear sleeve is located between the first gear and the second gear, and the outer wall of the gear sleeve is provided with at least one sliding groove extending along the axial direction of the output shaft, and the torque transmission gear shaft has a mating portion that is slidably connected to the sliding groove.

[0011] Furthermore, the first coupling portion and the second coupling portion are present as a tooth row structure spaced apart along the axial direction of the torque transmission gear shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the driving structure includes a push ring assembly and an electromagnetic coil assembly, the push ring assembly includes an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the torque transmission gear shaft, and the outer ring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring, wherein the inner ring is made of magnetic isolation material, and the outer ring is made of magnetic conductive material, and the electromagnetic coil assembly is used to drive the outer ring to move axially along the output shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a distance ring, a spring and a ball plunger, the gear sleeve has a limiting portion at one end close to the second gear, the spring is sleeved on the gear sleeve, one end of the spring abuts against the limiting portion, and the other end of the spring is connected to the distance ring, the distance ring is fixedly connected to the torque transmission gear shaft, the ball plunger is installed on the distance ring, and the outer wall of the gear sleeve is provided with a slot, which is used to cooperate with the ball plunger.

[0014] Furthermore, a stepped groove is provided on one side of the torque transmission gear shaft close to the gear shaft sleeve, an outer wall of the gear shaft sleeve and the stepped groove enclose an active space, and the spring is arranged in the active space.

[0015] Furthermore, the electromagnetic coil assembly includes a shell, a coil and a cover plate, the shell has a groove with an opening at one end, the coil is arranged in the groove, and the cover plate is installed at the opening of the shell.

[0016] Furthermore, the relative position of the torque transmission gear shaft and the output shaft is changed by changing the current of the coil.

[0017] Another embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising the shaft sleeve type electromagnetic clutch as described above.

[0018] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] In the sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch and vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application, the drive structure can drive the torque transmission gear shaft to move axially along the output shaft. By changing the relative position of the torque transmission gear shaft and the output shaft, the first coupling portion of the torque transmission gear shaft can be matched with the first bite portion of the first gear sleeve, or the second coupling portion of the torque transmission gear shaft can be matched with the second bite portion of the second gear sleeve, or the first coupling portion and the first bite portion can be staggered and the second coupling portion and the second bite portion can be staggered. In this way, it is possible to achieve shift control of three gears, namely "neutral", "first gear" and "second gear", and it is possible to complete the switching of the three gears, so that the speed and torque range output by the power unit is larger and the scope of application is wider. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 An exploded schematic diagram of a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic coil assembly in a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a push ring assembly in a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the position of a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in an embodiment of the present application when in neutral;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the position of a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in one embodiment of the present application when in first gear;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the position of a sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in an embodiment of the present application when in second gear.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] 110, input shaft; 120, first input gear; 130, second input gear;

[0031] 210, output shaft;

[0032] 310, first gear; 320, second gear; 330, torque transmission gear shaft; 340, first gear sleeve; 350, second gear sleeve; 360, gear shaft sleeve; 361, slide groove; 362, limiter; 371, distance ring; 372, spring; 373, ball plunger; 381, first retaining spring; 382, ​​second retaining spring;

[0033] 400, driving structure; 411, housing; 412, cover plate; 413, coil; 414, winding cloth; 415, curing glue; 421, inner ring; 422, outer ring; 430, middle plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch according to one embodiment of the present application includes an input component, an output component, a transmission component and a drive structure 400.

[0036] Specifically, the input assembly includes an input shaft 110 and a first input gear 120 and a second input gear 130 that cooperate with the input shaft 110; the output assembly includes an output shaft 210, and the output shaft 210 is arranged on one side of the input shaft 110; the transmission assembly includes a first gear 310, a second gear 320, a torque transmission gear shaft 330, a first gear sleeve 340 and a second gear sleeve 350, the first gear 310 and the second gear 320 are arranged at intervals on the output shaft 210, and the first gear 310 and the second gear 320 are arranged at intervals on the output shaft 210. The first input gear 120 is meshed with the second gear 320, and the second input gear 130 is meshed with the second gear 320. The first gear sleeve 340 is fixedly connected to the first gear 310; the second gear sleeve 350 is fixedly connected to the second gear 320. The torque transmission gear shaft 330 is sleeved on the output shaft 210 and located between the first gear 310 and the second gear 320. The torque transmission gear shaft 330 is relatively movable along the axial direction of the output shaft 210. The drive structure 400 is used to drive the torque transmission gear shaft 330 to move axially along the output shaft 210. The first gear sleeve 340 has a first engaging portion, the second gear sleeve 350 has a second engaging portion, and the torque transmission gear shaft 330 has a first coupling portion and a second coupling portion. The first coupling portion is configured to cooperate with the first engaging portion, and the second coupling portion is configured to cooperate with the second engaging portion.

[0037] In the sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch provided in the embodiment of the present application, by changing the relative position of the torque transmission gear shaft 330 and the output shaft 210, the first coupling portion of the torque transmission gear shaft 330 can be matched with the first engaging portion of the first gear sleeve 340, or the second coupling portion of the torque transmission gear shaft 330 can be matched with the second engaging portion of the second gear sleeve 350, or the first coupling portion can be offset from the first engaging portion and the second coupling portion can be offset from the second engaging portion. In this way, three gear shifting control can be achieved, namely "neutral", "first gear" and "second gear", and the switching of the three gears can be completed, so that the speed and torque range of the power device output is larger and the application range is wider.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the torque transmission gear shaft 330 has a first working position, a second working position, and a third working position along the axial direction of the output shaft 210. Specifically, when the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is in the first working position, the first coupling portion engages with the first meshing portion; when the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is in the second working position, the second coupling portion engages with the second meshing portion; and when the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is in the third working position, the first coupling portion is offset from the first meshing portion, and the second coupling portion is offset from the second meshing portion.

[0039] It is worth understanding that when the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is in the first working position, see Figure 2 and Figure 7As shown, the electromagnetic clutch is in first gear. At this time, the input shaft 110 transmits power to the first gear 310 through the first input gear 120, and then the first gear 310 drives the first gear sleeve 340 to rotate around the output shaft 210. In this process, since the first coupling portion of the torque transmission gear shaft 330 cooperates with the first engaging portion of the first gear sleeve 340, the first gear sleeve 340 can drive the torque transmission gear shaft 330 to rotate, and the torque transmission gear shaft 330 and the output shaft 210 are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, thereby driving the output shaft 210 to rotate.

[0040] Similarly, when the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is in the second working position, see Figure 2 and Figure 8 , the electromagnetic clutch is in second gear. At this time, the input shaft 110 transmits power to the second gear 320 through the second input gear 130, and then the second gear 320 drives the second gear sleeve 350 to rotate around the output shaft 210. The second gear sleeve 350 can drive the torque transmission gear shaft 330 and the output shaft 210 to rotate.

[0041] When the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is in the third working position, see Figure 2 and Figure 6 , the electromagnetic clutch is in neutral. At this time, the first gear 310 and the second gear 320 are both idling, and the first gear 310 and the second gear 320 cannot drive the output shaft 210 to rotate.

[0042] It should be noted that the output shaft 210 can be directly connected to the outside to provide rotational driving force; the output shaft 210 can also be connected to other components through gears or other transmission structures to provide power, which is not limited here.

[0043] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The transmission assembly includes a gear sleeve 360, which is sleeved over and fixedly connected to the output shaft 210. The gear sleeve 360 ​​is located between the first gear 310 and the second gear 320. The outer wall of the gear sleeve 360 ​​is provided with at least one slot 361 extending axially along the output shaft 210. The torque-transmitting gear shaft 330 has a mating portion that slidably engages with the slot 361. The mating portion of the torque-transmitting gear shaft 330 mates with the slot 361 and can slide along the slot 361, thereby enabling the torque-transmitting gear shaft 330 to change its relative position with the gear sleeve 360 ​​in the axial direction of the output shaft 210. Furthermore, the mating portion cooperates with the slot 361 to restrict rotation of the torque-transmitting gear shaft 330 relative to the gear sleeve 360. This allows the torque-transmitting gear shaft 330 and the gear sleeve 360 ​​to rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction. Specifically, the torque-transmitting gear shaft 330 drives the gear sleeve 360 ​​to rotate synchronously.

[0044] In one possible embodiment, there are multiple slide grooves 361, which are spaced circumferentially along the outer wall of the gear sleeve 360. Correspondingly, the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is provided with mating portions at positions corresponding to the respective slide grooves 361. This ensures that the force exerted by the torque transmission gear shaft 330 is evenly distributed along the circumference of the gear sleeve 360.

[0045] In this embodiment, the sliding groove 361 is specifically a spline groove, and the matching portion matches the spline groove.

[0046] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The right end of the gear shaft sleeve 360 ​​is provided with a retaining spring slot, and the second retaining spring 382 is installed on the retaining spring slot to limit the right end of the torque transmission gear shaft 330 and prevent it from falling off.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The first and second coupling portions are arranged as tooth rows spaced apart along the axial direction of the torque transmission gear shaft 330. The first coupling portion is the first tooth row, and the second coupling portion is the second tooth row. Correspondingly, the first engaging portion is the ring gear that matches the first tooth row, and the second engaging portion is the ring gear that matches the second tooth row.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, there can be one or more first tooth rows. When there are multiple first tooth rows, the multiple first tooth rows are arranged at intervals. The gap between two adjacent first tooth rows can accommodate the first bite portion.

[0049] In one possible embodiment, the first engaging portion includes one or more third tooth rows for mating with the first tooth row. When there are multiple third tooth rows, the third tooth rows are spaced apart, and the spacing between two adjacent third tooth rows is sufficient to accommodate the first tooth row, thereby preventing interference between the first and third tooth rows when in neutral.

[0050] Similarly, there may be one or more second tooth rows. When there are multiple second tooth rows, the multiple second tooth rows are arranged at intervals. The gap between two adjacent second tooth rows can accommodate the second engaging portion.

[0051] In a possible embodiment, the second engaging portion includes one or more fourth tooth rows, and the fourth tooth rows are used to engage with the second tooth rows.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, see Figures 2 to 5The drive structure 400 includes a push ring assembly and an electromagnetic coil assembly. The push ring assembly includes an inner ring 421 and an outer ring 422. The inner ring 421 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the torque transmission gear shaft 330, and the outer ring 422 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring 421. The inner ring 421 is made of a magnetic isolation material, and the outer ring 422 is made of a magnetic conductive material. The electromagnetic coil assembly is used to drive the outer ring 422 to move axially along the output shaft 210. In actual application, by changing the current passed through the electromagnetic coil assembly, the electromagnetic force exerted on the outer ring 422 can be changed, thereby driving the torque transmission gear shaft 330 to move axially along the output shaft 210. It is worth understanding that by changing the direction of the current passed through the electromagnetic coil assembly, the force direction of the outer ring 422 can be changed, thereby changing the movement direction of the torque transmission gear shaft 330.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 The transmission assembly includes a distance ring 371, a spring 372 and a ball plunger 373. The end of the gear sleeve 360 ​​close to the second gear 320 has a limiting portion 362. The spring 372 is sleeved on the gear sleeve 360. One end of the spring 372 abuts against the limiting portion 362. The other end of the spring 372 is connected to the distance ring 371. The distance ring 371 is fixedly connected to the torque transmission gear shaft 330. The ball plunger 373 is installed on the distance ring 371. The outer wall of the gear sleeve 360 ​​is provided with a slot, which is used to cooperate with the ball plunger 373 to achieve a limiting effect.

[0054] In actual application, by changing the current passed through the electromagnetic coil assembly, the electromagnetic force on the outer ring 422 can be changed, thereby changing the compression degree of the spring 372 and thus changing the relative position of the torque transmission gear shaft 330 in the axial direction of the output shaft 210.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 The torque transmission gear shaft 330 has a stepped groove on its side near the gear sleeve 360. The outer wall of the gear sleeve 360 ​​and the stepped groove enclose a movable space, within which the spring 372 is positioned. The spring 372 can extend and retract within this movable space. In other words, the spring 372 partially overlaps the torque transmission gear shaft 330 in the axial direction of the output shaft 210, thus reducing the axial volume of the electromagnetic clutch on the output shaft 210.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 and Figure 4 The electromagnetic coil assembly includes a shell 411, a coil 413 and a cover plate 412. The shell 411 has a groove with an opening at one end. The coil 413 is arranged in the groove, and the cover plate 412 is installed at the opening of the shell 411.

[0057] In the above embodiment, see Figure 4 The shell 411 , the coil 413 and the cover plate 412 are all ring-shaped, and the three constitute a ring-shaped electromagnetic coil assembly, which is sleeved on the outer circumference of the outer ring 422 .

[0058] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 A retaining spring slot is provided at the right end of the torque transmission gear shaft 330 , and a first retaining spring 381 is installed on the retaining spring slot to fix the push ring assembly on the torque transmission gear shaft 330 .

[0059] Furthermore, the coil 413 is made of an enameled wire, and a layer of wrapping cloth 414 is wrapped around the surface of the enameled wire, and the wrapping cloth 414 includes an insulating cloth.

[0060] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic coil assembly includes a curing adhesive 415, which secures the coil 413 and the automotive wiring harness connector wires within a groove in the housing 411. The end cap is placed within the groove in the housing 411 and secured by pressing the housing 411 against its edges. During assembly, the drive structure 400 includes an intermediate plate 430 with a hollowed-out area. The coil assembly is integrally mounted on the intermediate plate 430, and bolts are used to secure the electromagnetic coil assembly in place to prevent movement. This ensures that the electromagnetic clutch is not damaged by shaking during transportation before being installed in the vehicle box.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, the electromagnetic clutch further includes a position sensor, which is used to detect the state of the clutch.

[0062] Another aspect of the present application is disclosed in an embodiment of a vehicle, including the shaft sleeve type electromagnetic clutch as described above, which has all the technical effects of the shaft sleeve type electromagnetic clutch described above and will not be repeated here.

[0063] The following describes the sleeve-type electromagnetic clutch of the embodiment of the present application in detail with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely illustrative descriptions and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0064] See also Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, after the vehicle is powered on and undergoes a self-test, the clutch position sensor detects its state. When the electromagnetic coil assembly is de-energized, only the force of spring 372 acts on spacer ring 371, pushing it and causing ball plunger 373 to break through the retaining force of the slot on gear sleeve 360 ​​and push it rightward out of the retaining slot. At this point, torque transmission gear shaft 330 is in the middle position, with neither end engaging with first gear sleeve 340 or second gear sleeve 350, achieving clutch neutral control.

[0065] See also Figure 2 and Figure 7As shown, when a low current flows through the electromagnetic coil assembly, an electromagnetic force is generated, causing the push ring assembly to move leftward, pushing the torque transmission gear shaft 330 and the distance ring 371 leftward as well. At this point, the electromagnetic force is nearly equal to the load on spring 372, causing it to be slightly compressed. The ball plunger 373 then moves axially leftward and slides into the retaining groove, achieving the position limiter. At this point, the torque transmission gear shaft 330 engages the first gear sleeve 340, transmitting power through the input shaft 110 and the first gear 310, achieving first gear control of the clutch.

[0066] See also Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, when a high current flows through the electromagnetic coil assembly, it generates an electromagnetic force that causes the push ring assembly to move axially to the left, pushing the torque transmission gear shaft 330 and the spacer ring 371 axially to the left. At this point, the electromagnetic force is significantly greater than the load on spring 372, causing it to be greatly compressed. The ball plunger 373 overcomes this pressure and slides out of its slot. At this point, the torque transmission gear shaft 330 engages the second-gear sleeve 350, and power is transmitted through the input shaft 110 and the second gear 320, achieving second-gear control of the clutch.

[0067] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0068] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Throughout this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0069] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0070] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0071] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying drawings may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

Claims

1. A sleeve type electromagnetic clutch, characterized in that: include: An input assembly, comprising an input shaft and a first input gear and a second input gear matched with the input shaft; An output assembly, comprising an output shaft, wherein the output shaft is arranged on one side of the input shaft; The transmission assembly includes a first gear, a second gear, a torque transmission gear shaft, a first gear sleeve and a second gear sleeve, the first gear and the second gear are arranged at intervals on the output shaft, the first gear is meshed with the first input gear, and the second gear is meshed with the second input gear; the first gear sleeve is fixedly connected to the first gear, and the second gear sleeve is fixedly connected to the second gear; the torque transmission gear shaft and the output shaft are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, and the torque transmission gear shaft can move relative to each other along the axial direction of the output shaft, wherein the first gear sleeve has a first biting portion; the second gear sleeve has a second biting portion, and the torque transmission gear shaft has a first combining portion and a second combining portion, the first combining portion is used to cooperate with the first biting portion, and the second combining portion is used to cooperate with the second biting portion; the torque transmission gear shaft is relatively fixed to the output shaft ... The gear shaft has a first working position, a second working position and a third working position in the axial direction, wherein when the torque transmission gear shaft is in the first working position, the first combining portion cooperates with the first biting portion; when the torque transmission gear shaft is in the second working position, the second combining portion cooperates with the second biting portion; when the torque transmission gear shaft is in the third working position, the first combining portion and the first biting portion are staggered, and the second combining portion and the second biting portion are staggered; the transmission assembly includes a gear shaft sleeve, which is sleeved on the output shaft and fixedly connected to the output shaft, wherein the gear shaft sleeve is located between the first gear and the second gear, the outer wall of the gear shaft sleeve is provided with at least one sliding groove extending along the axial direction of the output shaft, and the torque transmission gear shaft has a matching portion slidably connected to the sliding groove; The driving structure is used to drive the torque transmission gear shaft to move axially along the output shaft.

2. The sleeve type electromagnetic clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first coupling portion and the second coupling portion are in the form of a tooth row structure spaced apart along the axial direction of the torque transmission gear shaft.

3. The sleeve type electromagnetic clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving structure includes a push ring assembly and an electromagnetic coil assembly, the push ring assembly includes an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the torque transmission gear shaft, and the outer ring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring, wherein the inner ring is made of magnetic isolation material, and the outer ring is made of magnetic conductive material, and the electromagnetic coil assembly is used to drive the outer ring to move axially along the output shaft.

4. The sleeve type electromagnetic clutch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a distance ring, a spring and a ball plunger. The gear sleeve has a limiting portion at one end close to the second gear. The spring is sleeved on the gear sleeve. One end of the spring abuts against the limiting portion. The other end of the spring is connected to the distance ring. The distance ring is fixedly connected to the torque transmission gear shaft. The ball plunger is installed on the distance ring. The outer wall of the gear sleeve is provided with a slot, and the slot is used to cooperate with the ball plunger.

5. The sleeve type electromagnetic clutch according to claim 4, characterized in that: A stepped groove is provided on one side of the torque transmission gear shaft close to the gear shaft sleeve. An activity space is enclosed by the outer wall of the gear shaft sleeve and the stepped groove. The spring is arranged in the activity space.

6. The sleeve type electromagnetic clutch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electromagnetic coil assembly includes a shell, a coil and a cover plate. The shell has a groove with an opening at one end. The coil is arranged in the groove. The cover plate is installed at the opening of the shell.

7. The sleeve type electromagnetic clutch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The relative position of the torque transmission gear shaft and the output shaft is changed by changing the current of the coil.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises the sleeve type electromagnetic clutch as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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