Attractant of Trichoderma tricholoma and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention is a tricholoma attractant and its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of biological method of controlling agricultural pests by using pest-inducing volatiles. The tricholoma attractant is composed of a solvent and a solute; the solvent is n-hexane; the solute is selected from one of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl benzoate or a mixture of the three. The preparation method comprises: weighing the solvent n-hexane and the solutes ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl benzoate or a mixture of the three; mixing the solutes in the n-hexane solvent to form a uniform attractant. Application of the tricholoma attractant in attracting tricholoma. Advantages of the present invention: the tricholoma attractant has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, safety for humans and animals, etc.; the combination of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate, the three volatiles, can improve its attracting effect on tricholoma and achieve synergistic effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biological method of controlling agricultural pests by using pest-inducing volatiles, and particularly relates to an attractant for Ceratitis tricholoma and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fruit flies are important agricultural pests. They lay eggs on fruits and their larvae feed on the flesh, causing the fruits to rot and deteriorate, thus affecting the quality and edibility of the fruits. Drosophila suzukii It is an important pest of high-value fruits such as grapes, cherries, bayberries, and blueberries. Although traditional chemical control methods have controlled pests to a certain extent, they have also brought about problems such as environmental pollution and pest resistance. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore biological control methods, especially the use of parasitic wasps for pest control. Trichopria drosophilae As a parasitic natural enemy, it has a wide host range and can parasitize not only Drosophila punctata but also Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila melanogaster The parasitic behavior of this parasitic wasp has a significant effect on pest control, especially in reducing the use of chemical pesticides and maintaining ecological balance. Therefore, improving the pest control ability of natural enemies of fruit flies is of great practical significance for achieving green prevention and control of spotted-wing drosophila, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and maintaining the ecological environment.

[0003] When plants are subjected to environmental or herbivorous insect stress, they will induce the release of some plant volatiles. The volatiles released by plants due to herbivorous insect attacks are called pest-induced volatiles. These volatiles have a certain attractant effect on the natural enemies of herbivorous insects. For example, when wheat is attacked by aphids, Sitobionavenae After feeding, the volatile content of cis-3-vinyl acetate increased, which was more harmful to the natural enemy Harmonia axyridis Harmonia axyridis Has a stronger attraction; rice is affected by white-backed planthoppers Sogatellafurcifera After the damage, it can release the parasitic natural enemy, the rice louse, the red beetle Haplogonatopus japonicus It can be seen that regulating the behavior of natural enemy insects through volatiles can not only effectively enhance the natural pest control potential of farmland ecosystems, but also reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, opening up new ways for agricultural environmental protection and sustainable development.

[0004] Chemical control is currently the main means of pest management, and the problem of pest resistance it brings needs to be solved urgently to adapt to the development needs of green agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the innovation of the present invention lies in identifying compounds that can attract the trichoderma, which can not only increase the parasitism rate but also promote the sustainability of crop production.

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to disclose an attractant for the tridentine wasp.

[0007] The second purpose of the present invention is to disclose a method for preparing the above-mentioned attractant for Trichoderma tricholoma.

[0008] The third object of the present invention is to disclose the application of the above-mentioned attractant for Trichoderma tricholoma.

[0009] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A tricholoma tricholoma attractant, wherein the tricholoma tricholoma attractant is composed of a solvent and a solute; the solvent is n-hexane;

[0011] The solute is selected from one of ethyl acetate, isopentyl acetate, ethyl benzoate or a mixture of the three, wherein the concentration of ethyl acetate in the attractant is 100 μg / μL, the concentration of isopentyl acetate is 10 μg / μL, and the concentration of ethyl benzoate is 1 μg / μL.

[0012] The attractant for the tridentine wasp described in the above technical solution, wherein: when the solute is a mixture of three, the concentration μg / μL ratio of each component in the attractant is ethyl acetate: isoamyl acetate: ethyl benzoate = 100:10:1.

[0013] The preparation method of the attractant of the tricholoma tricholoma comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) Weigh the solvent n-hexane and the solute ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl benzoate or a mixture of the three;

[0015] (2) According to the concentration of each solute or the ratio of the three in μg / μL in the above technical solution, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl benzoate or a mixture of the three is mixed in n-hexane solvent to form a uniform attractant.

[0016] The use of the Trichoderma attractant described in the above technical solution in attracting Trichoderma.

[0017] The above-mentioned technical scheme discloses an application of the Drosophila tricholoma attractant in attracting Drosophila tricholoma, wherein the Drosophila tricholoma attractant is deployed in farmland or orchard to attract Drosophila tricholoma, thereby controlling the population of spotted-wing drosophila.

[0018] The application of the attractant for tricholoma tricholoma described in the above technical scheme in attracting tricholoma tricholoma, wherein: the attractant for tricholoma tricholoma is deployed in farmland or orchard through a trap or a release device to improve the attracting effect of tricholoma tricholoma.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. The attractant of the present invention has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and safety for humans and animals, and shows significant economic, social and ecological benefits, indicating that it has great potential and broad prospects in industrialization.

[0021] 2. The combined use of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate can improve their attracting effect on the trident wasp and achieve a synergistic effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 These are the experimental results on the attracting effect of Trichoderma attractant on Trichoderma. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To facilitate the understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, the attractant for the present invention, its preparation method and application are further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0024] Embodiment 1: Preparation of attractant for Trichoderma tricholoma:

[0025] (1) Weigh the solvent n-hexane and the solute ethyl acetate;

[0026] (2) Dissolve ethyl acetate in n-hexane at a concentration of 100 μg / μL to obtain a uniformly mixed attractant.

[0027] Embodiment 2: Preparation of attractant for Trichoderma tricholoma:

[0028] (1) Weigh the solvent n-hexane and the solute isoamyl acetate;

[0029] (2) Dissolve isoamyl acetate in n-hexane at a concentration of 10 μg / μL to obtain a uniformly mixed attractant.

[0030] Embodiment 3: Preparation of attractant for Trichoderma trichocarpa:

[0031] (1) Weigh the solvent n-hexane and the solute ethyl benzoate;

[0032] (2) Dissolve ethyl benzoate in n-hexane at a concentration of 1 μg / μL to obtain a uniformly mixed attractant.

[0033] Embodiment 4: Preparation of attractant for Trichoderma tricholoma:

[0034] (1) Weigh the solvent n-hexane and the solutes ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate;

[0035] (2) A mixture of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate was dissolved in n-hexane to obtain a uniformly mixed attractant, wherein the concentration of ethyl acetate in the attractant was 100 μg / μL, the concentration of isoamyl acetate was 10 μg / μL, and the concentration of ethyl benzoate was 1 μg / μL.

[0036] Embodiment 5: Experiment on the effect of attractant on Trichoderma tricholoma:

[0037] The method of Examples 1 to 4 was used to prepare the attractant of the fruit fly natural enemy, the tridentine wasp. The behavioral response of the female tridentine wasp to the attractant was measured using a Y-type olfactometer. The two arms of the "Y"-type olfactometer were 6.0 cm long, the straight tube was 9.0 cm long, the inner diameter was 0.8 cm, and the angle between the two arms was 45°. The two arms of the "Y"-type were connected to two odor source bottles (one bottle contained a filter paper containing the attractant, and the other contained a filter paper containing a control reagent) through silicone tubes. After turning on the atmospheric sampler, the airflow passed through an activated carbon filter and a distilled water bottle before entering the odor source bottle to purify the air and increase the air humidity. The airflow rate of each arm was controlled at 100 mL / min by a flowmeter. The entire bioassay process was carried out indoors at 24°C. In order to prevent uneven surrounding light intensity from affecting the tropism behavior of parasitic wasps, the olfactometer was placed in a square box made of metal wire. The four sides of the square box were covered with wax paper (80cm×80cm×50cm), and a 40W incandescent lamp was placed directly above the box to ensure consistent light intensity in the two test arms.

[0038] Before the experiment, 10 μL of the prepared attractant solution was added to a quantitative filter paper (3 cm long, 1 cm wide) and placed in a source bottle (650 mL); 10 μL of the control solvent n-hexane was added to the quantitative filter paper and placed in another source bottle. Connect the experimental instruments and connect the atmospheric sampler. Use a brush to introduce the female bees of the hammer-horned bee into the release tube of the Y-type olfactometer one by one. Observe and record the behavioral response of the female bees of the hammer-horned bee within 5 minutes, and record their selectivity for the odor sources of the two arms. The selection criteria are: when the parasitic bee climbs to the exit or exceeds 1 / 2 of a certain arm and stays for more than 5 seconds, the bee is recorded as making a choice of the odor source of the arm. If the bee still does not make a choice 5 minutes after being introduced, it is recorded as no response. In order to eliminate the mutual interference between natural enemies and the influence of some other factors, the olfactometer is cleaned with 95% ethanol every time 5 bees are tested, and the direction of the two arms of the olfactometer is swapped in the next test. A total of 50 female bees of Trichoderma tricholoma were tested. The test results were analyzed by statistical methods to determine the attractant's effect on the female bees of Trichoderma tricholoma.

[0039] The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, from the data in the figure, it can be seen that the number of Trichoderma tricholoma that chooses the attractant is significantly more than that of the solvent control, that is, the attractant has a significant attracting effect on Trichoderma tricholoma.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not impose any formal or substantial limitation on the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession can make use of the technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and any slight changes, modifications and evolutions made by equivalent changes are all equivalent embodiments of the present invention; at the same time, any changes, modifications and evolutions of any equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Trichoderma tricholoma attractant, characterized in that: The attractant for the tridentine wasp is composed of a solvent and a solute; the solvent is n-hexane; The solute is a mixture of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate, and the concentration μg / μL ratio of each component in the attractant is ethyl acetate: isoamyl acetate: ethyl benzoate = 100:10:

1.

2. The method for preparing the attractant of Cerithidea tricholoma according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Weighing a solvent of n-hexane and a mixture of solutes of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate; (2) mixing the mixture of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate in a n-hexane solvent according to the concentration ratio (μg / μL) of ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl benzoate in claim 1 to form a uniform attractant.

3. Use of a Trichoderma tricholoma attractant in attracting Trichoderma tricholoma, wherein the Trichoderma tricholoma attractant is composed of a solvent and a solute; the solvent is n-hexane; The solute is selected from one of the solute in claim 1, ethyl acetate or ethyl benzoate, wherein when the solute is the solute in claim 1, the concentration μg / μL ratio of each component in the attractant is ethyl acetate: isoamyl acetate: ethyl benzoate = 100:10:1; when the solute is ethyl acetate, the concentration of ethyl acetate in the attractant is 100 μg / μL, and when the solute is ethyl benzoate, the concentration of ethyl benzoate in the attractant is 1 μg / μL.

4. The use of the attractant for tricholoma tricholoma according to claim 3 in attracting tricholoma tricholoma, characterized in that: Deploy the Drosophila tricholoma attractant in farmland or orchards to attract the Drosophila tricholoma and thus control the population of spotted-wing drosophila.

5. Use of the attractant for tricholoma tricholoma according to claim 4 in attracting tricholoma tricholoma, characterized in that: The attractant for the hairy-hammer horn wasp is deployed in farmland or orchards through traps or release devices to improve the attracting effect of the hairy-hammer horn wasp.

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