Experimental analysis device for multi-field coupling process of ice rock collapse

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass mechanics, and discloses an experimental analysis device for a multi-field coupling process of ice rock collapse, comprising: a temperature control module for controlling the temperature of an experimental sample; the loading simulation module is used for simulating the action of external force in the ice rock collapse process; the sensor and data acquisition module is used for acquiring stress, strain, temperature, displacement and crack data of the sample in the experiment process; the freezing and thawing control module is used for simulating a freezing and thawing cycle process; the visual monitoring module is used for monitoring sample form and temperature change in real time; and the central control and analysis module is used for coordinating the work of each module and analyzing the data in real time. According to the invention, through integration of a plurality of physical fields such as a temperature field, a pressure field, a stress field and a displacement field, the multi-field coupling effect in the ice rock collapse process can be simulated at the same time, and through simultaneous application of temperature change, external force loading and freeze-thaw cycle, the complex physical process of ice rock collapse can be reproduced more truly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass mechanics, and in particular to an experimental analysis device for a multi-field coupling process of an ice-rock avalanche. Background Art

[0002] Ice and rock avalanches are important destructive events in natural disasters under ice and snow environments, and they occur widely in ice-covered terrains in polar regions, mountainous areas, and other cold regions. Ice and rock avalanches usually occur under extreme climatic conditions, especially in areas with drastic temperature changes and frequent freeze-thaw cycles. Their occurrence not only causes damage to the natural environment, but also seriously threatens human life and property. Therefore, a deep understanding of the occurrence mechanism, influencing factors, and evolution of ice and rock avalanches is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0003] Traditional analysis of ice and rock avalanches mainly relies on field observations and simplified mathematical models. Most of them can only simulate certain single physical processes, such as temperature changes and mechanical loading, and lack an experimental platform that can comprehensively consider the coupling of multiple physical fields. They cannot effectively capture the complex multi-field coupling effects in the process of ice and rock avalanches, such as temperature fields, stress fields, freeze-thaw effects, and the interaction between ice and snow layers and rocks. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to make up for the above shortcomings, the present invention provides an experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches, aiming to improve the problem that traditional ice and rock avalanches analysis mainly relies on field observation and simplified mathematical models, and most of them can only simulate some single physical processes.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches, comprising:

[0006] The temperature control module is used to control the temperature of the experimental sample, including a precision refrigeration unit, a heating unit and a phase change material insulation unit;

[0007] The loading simulation module is used to simulate the effect of external forces during ice and rock avalanche, including a hydraulic loading unit, a servo motor loading unit and a piezoelectric material control unit;

[0008] The sensor and data acquisition module is used to collect the stress, strain, temperature, displacement and crack data of the sample during the experiment, including a stress-strain sensing unit, a fiber grating sensing unit, an acoustic emission sensing unit and a displacement sensing unit;

[0009] A freeze-thaw control module, used to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle process, including a freezing unit, a heating unit and an air pressure regulating unit;

[0010] Visual monitoring module, used to monitor sample morphology and temperature changes in real time, including infrared imaging unit, 3D laser scanning unit and visible light camera unit;

[0011] The central control and analysis module is used to coordinate the work of each module and perform real-time analysis of data, including the main control computing unit, data analysis and storage unit, Internet of Things module unit and touch display unit.

[0012] Preferably, the precision refrigeration unit includes a semiconductor refrigeration sheet, a heat transfer sheet, a refrigeration radiator and a fan, and refrigeration is performed through the Peltier effect. The heat transfer sheet evenly transfers the cold to the sample, the refrigeration radiator dissipates the excess heat to the outside, and the fan is used to enhance heat dissipation.

[0013] The heating unit includes a resistance heating element, a temperature control sensor and a thermocouple. The resistance element converts electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the sample. The temperature control sensor monitors the temperature change in real time. The thermocouple detects the temperature and keeps the sample temperature within a set range.

[0014] The phase change material heat preservation unit comprises a phase change material storage container, a heat conductive partition and a heat insulating protective layer, and utilizes the phase change heat absorption and release characteristics of the phase change material between solid and liquid to absorb or release heat.

[0015] Preferably, the hydraulic loading unit includes a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic control valve and a pressure sensor, the hydraulic cylinder is driven by the hydraulic pump to generate a vertical loading force, the hydraulic control valve adjusts the hydraulic pressure according to the experimental requirements, and the pressure sensor monitors and feeds back the loading force in real time;

[0016] The servo motor loading unit includes a servo motor, a screw mechanism and a force sensor. The servo motor accurately adjusts the force by controlling the current. The screw mechanism converts the rotational motion into linear motion and applies the lateral loading force. The force sensor detects the force value in the loading process in real time and feeds back to the central control and analysis module.

[0017] The piezoelectric material control unit includes a piezoelectric material sheet, a power controller and a force feedback sensor. The piezoelectric material sheet can produce slight deformation according to the change of the electric field. The voltage is adjusted by the power controller to fine-tune the loading force. The force feedback sensor monitors the slight force changes generated during the loading process in real time and feeds back to the central control and analysis module.

[0018] Preferably, the stress-strain sensing unit includes a strain gauge, a strain meter and a signal amplifier. The strain gauge is attached to the surface of the sample. After the sample is deformed by force, the resistance of the sample changes. The signal amplifier amplifies the strain signal and converts the resistance change into strain data through the strain meter.

[0019] The fiber grating sensing unit includes a fiber grating sensor, a fiber demodulator and a fiber splitter. The fiber grating sensor senses temperature and stress changes through the Bragg reflection principle, and the fiber demodulator converts optical signals into electrical signals.

[0020] The acoustic emission sensing unit includes an acoustic emission sensor, a preamplifier and a signal acquisition card. The acoustic emission sensor monitors the acoustic wave signal during the crack extension process, the preamplifier amplifies the weak acoustic signal, and the signal acquisition card converts the signal into digital data and feeds it back to the central control and analysis module.

[0021] The displacement sensing unit includes a laser displacement sensor and a data processing layer. The laser displacement sensor measures the displacement of the sample by emitting a laser beam and measuring the time difference of the reflected light. The data processing layer processes the displacement signal and provides displacement data in real time.

[0022] Preferably, the refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a refrigeration pipeline, the compressor compresses the refrigerant and sends it to the condenser for cooling, the evaporator evaporates the refrigerant by absorbing the heat of the sample area, and the refrigeration pipeline connects the various components;

[0023] The heating unit includes a heating wire, a temperature controller and a heat conduction plate. The heating wire generates heat through electric current and evenly conducts the heat to the sample through the heat conduction plate. The temperature controller monitors the sample temperature in real time.

[0024] The air pressure regulating unit includes an air pump, a pressure sensor and a sealed insulation box. The air pump provides airflow, the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure changes in the box in real time, and the air pressure regulating unit automatically adjusts the air pressure to simulate the freeze-thaw environment under different climatic conditions.

[0025] Preferably, the infrared imaging unit includes an infrared camera, an infrared filter and a thermal imaging processor, the infrared camera captures the infrared radiation signal emitted from the sample surface, the infrared filter selectively filters the infrared band, and the thermal imaging processor processes the infrared image and converts it into a temperature distribution map to display the temperature change of the sample in real time;

[0026] The 3D laser scanning unit includes a laser scanner, a rotating platform and a data acquisition and processing module. The laser scanner emits a laser beam and measures the reflected beam. The rotating platform is used to adjust the sample angle and generate three-dimensional point cloud data on the sample surface. The three-dimensional model is generated by the data processing module.

[0027] The visible light camera unit includes a high-definition camera, an autofocus layer and a light source illumination layer. The high-definition camera is used to capture sample images in real time. The autofocus layer ensures image clarity. The light source illumination layer ensures sufficient illumination in a low-light environment and monitors sample morphology changes in real time.

[0028] Preferably, the main control computing unit includes an industrial computer, a control interface board and a power supply, the industrial computer communicates with each module as a main control system, and the control interface board connects each module to the computer;

[0029] The data analysis and storage unit includes a data processor, a storage server and data analysis software. The data processor receives and processes sensor data in real time, the storage server stores all experimental process data, and the data analysis software performs subsequent processing and analysis on the data.

[0030] The IoT module unit includes a wireless data transmitter, a remote control interface and cloud storage. The wireless data transmitter uploads data to the cloud in real time. The remote control interface is used to remotely adjust experimental parameters. The cloud storage provides support for remote access to experimental data.

[0031] The touch display unit includes a touch display screen, user interface software and a display controller. The touch display screen displays experimental data in real time. The user interface software allows operators to operate through an interactive interface. The display controller ensures the stability and real-time update of data display.

[0032] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the following technical solution, an experimental analysis method of the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. Start the temperature control module to adjust the temperature

[0034] Start the temperature control module, first activate the precision refrigeration unit, and reduce the temperature of the sample area to a predetermined freezing temperature through the semiconductor refrigeration sheet, the heat conduction sheet and the refrigeration radiator;

[0035] Then the heating unit is started, and the heating process of the sample is controlled by the resistance heating element and the temperature control sensor to simulate the high temperature environment of ice and rock avalanche;

[0036] Start the phase change material insulation unit to keep the sample temperature stable during multiple temperature cycles by using the heat absorption and release characteristics of the phase change material during freeze-thaw cycles;

[0037] S2. Apply external force to load and simulate the loading process through the loading simulation module

[0038] Start the hydraulic loading unit, apply vertical loading force through the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pump, adjust the loading force with the hydraulic control valve, and monitor the loading force with the pressure sensor;

[0039] Start the servo motor loading unit, adjust the loading force by controlling the current of the servo motor, and the screw mechanism converts the rotational motion into linear loading;

[0040] Activate the piezoelectric material control unit, fine-tune the loading force by adjusting the voltage of the piezoelectric material, monitor the slight changes in force during the loading process in real time, and feed back to the central control and analysis module;

[0041] S3: Start the sensor and data acquisition module to collect multiple fields of data

[0042] Start the stress-strain sensing unit. The strain gauge measures the stress and strain on the sample surface through resistance changes and transmits the strain data to the central control and analysis module in real time.

[0043] Start the fiber Bragg grating sensing unit, use the fiber Bragg grating sensor to monitor the changes in temperature and stress, convert the data into electrical signals and transmit them to the sensor and data acquisition module;

[0044] The acoustic emission sensor unit is started to monitor the acoustic wave signal during the crack propagation process of the sample. The preamplifier amplifies the signal, and the signal acquisition card converts it into digital data and feeds it back to the central control and analysis module.

[0045] Start the displacement sensing unit, accurately measure the displacement change of the sample through the laser displacement sensor, and transmit the data in real time for processing;

[0046] S4, start the freeze-thaw control module to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle

[0047] Start the freezing unit to quickly cool down the sample area through the compressor, condenser and evaporator to simulate the freezing process;

[0048] Start the heating unit to heat the sample through the heating wire, and adjust the heating process through the temperature controller;

[0049] Start the air pressure regulating unit, adjust the air pressure in the sample environment through the air pump and pressure sensor, and simulate the effect of air pressure changes on ice and rock avalanches during freezing and thawing;

[0050] S5. Perform visual monitoring and record sample status

[0051] Start the infrared imaging unit, monitor the temperature change of the sample surface through the infrared camera, and the thermal imaging processor generates a temperature distribution map in real time;

[0052] Start the 3D laser scanning unit, the laser scanner captures the 3D data of the sample surface, generates point cloud data and constructs a 3D model of the sample;

[0053] Start the visible light camera unit and monitor the morphological changes of the sample through a high-definition camera;

[0054] S6, central control and analysis module for data collection and analysis

[0055] Start the main control computing unit, and the central control and analysis module communicates and synchronizes data with each module, so that all collected data can be displayed and controlled in real time;

[0056] Start the data analysis and storage unit to store the data collected by various sensors, use data analysis software to process the data, and extract key experimental information and rules;

[0057] Start the IoT module unit, upload the experimental data to the cloud for backup via the wireless data transmitter, and allow remote operators to remotely control it via the IoT interface;

[0058] Start the touch display unit to monitor the experimental status in real time through the touch display screen, and provide an intuitive operation interface for operators to view data and make adjustments.

[0059] In a third aspect, the invention provides the following technical solution: a computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned experimental analysis method for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches when executing the computer program.

[0060] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned experimental analysis method of the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches.

[0061] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0062] 1. In the present invention, by integrating multiple physical fields such as temperature field, pressure field, stress field, displacement field, etc., the multi-field coupling effect in the ice and rock avalanche process can be simulated simultaneously. By simultaneously applying temperature changes, external force loading, freeze-thaw cycles and other effects, the complex physical process of ice and rock avalanche can be reproduced more realistically, providing a new experimental platform for studying the multi-field coupling effect.

[0063] 2. In the present invention, a variety of temperature control mechanisms such as precision refrigeration units (based on semiconductor refrigeration sheets, heat conduction sheets, radiators, etc.), phase change material insulation units and resistance heating elements are used to achieve fast response and accurate temperature regulation. At the same time, the use of phase change materials to stabilize the temperature avoids the influence of temperature fluctuations on the experimental results, making the temperature control more precise and stable.

[0064] 3. In the present invention, multiple loading methods such as hydraulic loading unit, servo motor loading unit, piezoelectric material control unit are combined to simulate multiple loading conditions such as vertical loading, lateral loading and micro loading. In addition, the piezoelectric material control unit can provide very fine fine-tuning, which is particularly suitable for studying the mechanical behavior during the propagation of micro cracks. This diversified loading method enables the device to adapt to more experimental needs and simulate more complex collapse processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of an experimental analysis device for ice-rock avalanche multi-field coupling process proposed by the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a method flow chart of an experimental analysis method for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] Embodiment 1

[0069] Reference Figure 1 In a first embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an experimental analysis device for ice-rock avalanche multi-field coupling process, comprising:

[0070] The temperature control module is used to control the temperature of the experimental sample, including a precision refrigeration unit, a heating unit and a phase change material insulation unit;

[0071] The loading simulation module is used to simulate the effect of external forces during ice and rock avalanche, including a hydraulic loading unit, a servo motor loading unit and a piezoelectric material control unit;

[0072] The sensor and data acquisition module is used to collect the stress, strain, temperature, displacement and crack data of the sample during the experiment, including a stress-strain sensing unit, a fiber grating sensing unit, an acoustic emission sensing unit and a displacement sensing unit;

[0073] A freeze-thaw control module, used to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle process, including a freezing unit, a heating unit and an air pressure regulating unit;

[0074] Visual monitoring module, used to monitor sample morphology and temperature changes in real time, including infrared imaging unit, 3D laser scanning unit and visible light camera unit;

[0075] The central control and analysis module is used to coordinate the work of each module and perform real-time analysis of data, including the main control computing unit, data analysis and storage unit, Internet of Things module unit and touch display unit.

[0076] Specifically, the experimental analysis device of the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche of the present invention can fully reproduce the complex physical phenomena in the process of ice and rock avalanche by integrating the coupling simulation of multiple physical fields. The device adopts a precise temperature control system, combined with a precise refrigeration unit, a phase change material insulation unit and a resistance heating element, which can achieve rapid response and precise temperature control, ensure that the temperature fluctuation during the experiment is minimized, and thus more realistically simulate the temperature changes in the freeze-thaw cycle. In addition, the device realizes the simulation of different external forces such as vertical loading, lateral loading and microscopic loading through a combination of multiple loading methods, including a hydraulic loading unit, a servo motor loading unit and a piezoelectric material control unit. This diversified loading method enables the experiment to apply external forces in multiple directions and accurately simulate the coupling of multiple mechanical effects in the process of ice and rock avalanche. Through the above comprehensive design, the device can simulate the multi-field coupling effects in the process of ice and rock avalanche more comprehensively and with higher precision, providing a more reliable experimental platform for experimental research in related fields, and greatly improving the accuracy and operability of the research.

[0077] The precision refrigeration unit includes semiconductor refrigeration chips, heat transfer chips, refrigeration radiators and fans. It uses the Peltier effect to cool the sample. The heat transfer chips evenly transfer the cold to the sample, the refrigeration radiator dissipates the excess heat to the outside, and the fan is used to enhance the heat dissipation.

[0078] The heating unit includes a resistance heating element, a temperature control sensor and a thermocouple. The resistance element converts electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the sample. The temperature control sensor monitors the temperature change in real time. The thermocouple detects the temperature and keeps the sample temperature within the set range.

[0079] The phase change material insulation unit includes a phase change material storage container, a heat conductive partition and a heat insulating protective layer, and utilizes the phase change heat absorption and release characteristics of the phase change material between solid and liquid to absorb or release heat.

[0080] Specifically, the design of the precision refrigeration unit mainly utilizes the Peltier effect to achieve efficient refrigeration.

[0081] This unit includes:

[0082] Semiconductor Refrigeration Chip: Semiconductor Refrigeration Chip is based on the Peltier effect. The flow of electric current causes heat to be transferred from one junction to another, thus achieving heat transfer. By applying current to the semiconductor refrigeration chip, one side of the refrigeration chip absorbs heat while the other side releases heat, thereby achieving a cooling effect on the sample area.

[0083] Heat transfer sheet: To ensure that the cold energy is evenly transferred to the sample surface, the heat transfer sheet is made of high thermal conductivity materials (such as aluminum alloy or copper). These heat transfer sheets are in direct contact with the sample and effectively distribute the cold energy released by the refrigeration sheet evenly to the sample surface.

[0084] Cooling Radiator: The function of the radiator is to dissipate the excess heat generated on the other side of the semiconductor cooling chip to the outside environment. Usually, the radiator is assisted by a fan to increase the heat exchange efficiency. Through this heat dissipation mechanism, the semiconductor cooling chip can continue to operate and maintain its cooling efficiency.

[0085] Fan: The fan is installed near the cooling radiator to enhance air flow, help the radiator quickly remove excess heat, and ensure the stable operation of the refrigeration system.

[0086] The design of the heating unit uses resistive heating technology to heat the sample by converting the current flowing through the heating element into heat energy. The heating unit includes:

[0087] Resistive Heating Element: This element is heated by Joule heat generated when an electric current passes through it. Common heating element materials include nickel-chromium alloys, carbon wire, etc., which have high resistance and can efficiently convert electrical energy into thermal energy. The heating element adjusts its heating power through the current, accurately controlling the rate and temperature of sample heating.

[0088] Temperature control sensor: The temperature control sensor can monitor the temperature change of the sample in real time during the heating process. The sensor is connected to the feedback system of the heating unit to provide real-time temperature data to the heating control system to ensure the stability of the heating process. Common temperature control sensors include thermocouples and RTD sensors.

[0089] Thermocouple: Thermocouples are used to accurately measure the temperature change of the sample. They sense the temperature change through the thermoelectric effect of two different metal contact points. When the heating unit is working, the thermocouple will detect the temperature change and feed the data back to the control system to ensure that the heating does not exceed the set temperature range.

[0090] Phase Change Material (PCM) can achieve the effect of stabilizing temperature by absorbing and releasing heat through the transition between solid and liquid states. The unit includes:

[0091] Phase change material storage container: Phase change materials are encapsulated in special containers. The design of the container must ensure that the material can undergo phase change within a certain temperature range without leakage or damage. The container material is usually made of high-strength plastic or metal.

[0092] Thermally conductive baffle: The thermally conductive baffle is used to transfer heat from the sample area to the container of the phase change material or to transfer heat from the phase change material to the outside. The thermally conductive baffle material is usually a metal material with high thermal conductivity to ensure rapid heat conduction.

[0093] Insulation layer: This layer is designed to reduce the impact of external temperature fluctuations on the phase change material, ensuring that the phase change material can undergo phase change within a predetermined temperature range and stabilize the experimental environment. Commonly used insulation materials include high-density foam or vacuum insulation materials.

[0094] The hydraulic loading unit includes a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic control valve and a pressure sensor. The hydraulic cylinder generates a vertical loading force through the drive of the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic control valve adjusts the hydraulic pressure according to the experimental requirements. The pressure sensor monitors and feeds back the loading force in real time.

[0095] The servo motor loading unit includes a servo motor, a screw mechanism and a force sensor. The servo motor accurately adjusts the force by controlling the current. The screw mechanism converts the rotational motion into linear motion and applies the lateral loading force. The force sensor detects the force value in the loading process in real time and feeds back to the central control and analysis module.

[0096] The piezoelectric material control unit includes a piezoelectric material sheet, a power controller and a force feedback sensor. The piezoelectric material sheet can produce tiny deformations according to changes in the electric field. The voltage is adjusted by the power controller to fine-tune the loading force. The force feedback sensor monitors the tiny force changes generated during the loading process in real time and feeds back to the central control and analysis module.

[0097] Specifically, the hydraulic loading unit

[0098] The purpose of the hydraulic loading unit is to simulate the vertical loading of external forces during ice and rock avalanche. The unit includes:

[0099] Hydraulic cylinder: The hydraulic cylinder converts hydraulic energy into mechanical force through the pressure of hydraulic oil, thereby generating vertical loading force. The design of the hydraulic cylinder needs to ensure its stability and precision when working under high pressure.

[0100] Hydraulic pump: The hydraulic pump drives the hydraulic cylinder to generate the corresponding loading force by pressurizing the hydraulic oil and delivering it to the hydraulic cylinder. The flow and pressure regulation of the pump can control the size of the loading force and the loading rate.

[0101] Hydraulic control valve: The hydraulic control valve is used to control the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil, so as to accurately adjust the loading force. According to the experimental requirements, the loading force can be changed by automatic or manual adjustment.

[0102] Pressure sensor: The pressure sensor monitors the pressure changes in the hydraulic system in real time to ensure that the loading force is stable and meets the experimental requirements. The sensor feeds data back to the central control and analysis module to facilitate real-time adjustment of loading conditions.

[0103] Servo motor loading unit

[0104] The servo motor loading unit is mainly used to simulate the lateral force loading in ice and rock avalanches. The unit includes:

[0105] Servo motor: The servo motor precisely controls the loading force by adjusting the current, and its output torque is proportional to the input current. The servo motor can precisely adjust the loading force according to the experimental requirements and achieve high-precision lateral loading.

[0106] Screw mechanism: The screw mechanism converts the rotational motion of the servo motor into linear motion, thereby generating lateral loading force. The selection and design of the screw material should ensure its transmission efficiency and stability.

[0107] Force sensor: The force sensor detects the change of force value during loading in real time to ensure accurate control of loading force. The output signal of the sensor is fed back to the central control module so that the loading force can be adjusted in real time during the experiment.

[0108] The stress-strain sensing unit includes a strain gauge, a strain meter and a signal amplifier. The strain gauge is attached to the surface of the sample. After the sample is deformed by force, the resistance changes. The signal amplifier amplifies the strain signal and converts the resistance change into strain data through the strain meter.

[0109] The fiber grating sensing unit includes a fiber grating sensor, a fiber demodulator and a fiber splitter. The fiber grating sensor senses temperature and stress changes through the Bragg reflection principle, and the fiber demodulator converts the optical signal into an electrical signal.

[0110] The acoustic emission sensing unit includes an acoustic emission sensor, a preamplifier and a signal acquisition card. The acoustic emission sensor monitors the acoustic wave signal during the crack expansion process, the preamplifier amplifies the weak acoustic signal, and the signal acquisition card converts the signal into digital data and feeds it back to the central control and analysis module.

[0111] The displacement sensing unit includes a laser displacement sensor and a data processing layer. The laser displacement sensor measures the sample displacement by emitting a laser beam and measuring the time difference of the reflected light. The data processing layer processes the displacement signal and provides displacement data in real time.

[0112] Specifically, the stress-strain sensing unit: This unit converts the stress-strain changes of the sample into electrical signals through strain gauges. The strain gauges are attached to the surface of the sample. When the sample is deformed, the resistance of the strain gauges changes, thereby calculating the strain data.

[0113] Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Unit: This unit uses fiber Bragg Grating to sense temperature and stress changes through the principle of Bragg reflection. Fiber Bragg Grating sensors can achieve remote monitoring and have high resolution by transmitting optical signals.

[0114] Acoustic emission sensor unit: The acoustic emission sensor can capture the high-frequency sound wave signal generated when the sample crack expands. The preamplifier amplifies the signal, and the signal acquisition card converts the signal into a digital signal and feeds it back to the central control and analysis module.

[0115] Displacement sensing unit: This unit uses a laser displacement sensor to accurately measure the displacement of the sample. The laser beam is emitted and the time difference of the reflected light is measured to obtain the displacement change of the sample.

[0116] The refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a refrigeration pipeline. The compressor compresses the refrigerant and sends it to the condenser for cooling. The evaporator evaporates the refrigerant by absorbing the heat from the sample area. The refrigeration pipeline connects the various components.

[0117] The heating unit includes a heating wire, a temperature controller and a heat conduction plate. The heating wire generates heat through electric current and evenly conducts the heat to the sample through the heat conduction plate. The temperature controller monitors the sample temperature in real time.

[0118] The air pressure regulating unit includes an air pump, a pressure sensor and a sealed insulation box. The air pump provides airflow, the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure changes in the box in real time, and the air pressure regulating unit automatically adjusts the air pressure to simulate the freeze-thaw environment under different climatic conditions.

[0119] Specifically, the refrigeration unit: the compressor compresses the refrigerant and sends it to the condenser for cooling, and the evaporator absorbs the heat from the sample area to evaporate the refrigerant. The refrigeration pipeline connects these components to form a complete circulation system.

[0120] Heating unit: The heating wire converts the current into heat energy, and the heat conduction plate transfers the heat evenly to the sample. The temperature controller monitors the sample temperature in real time to ensure that the sample is accurately heated during the experiment.

[0121] Air pressure regulating unit: The air pump generates airflow, the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure changes, and the air pressure regulating unit automatically adjusts the air pressure according to the experimental requirements to simulate the freeze-thaw environment under different climatic conditions.

[0122] The infrared imaging unit includes an infrared camera, an infrared filter and a thermal imaging processor. The infrared camera captures the infrared radiation signal emitted by the sample surface, the infrared filter selectively filters the infrared band, and the thermal imaging processor processes the infrared image and converts it into a temperature distribution map to display the temperature change of the sample in real time.

[0123] The 3D laser scanning unit includes a laser scanner, a rotating platform and a data acquisition and processing module. The laser scanner emits a laser beam and measures the reflected beam. The rotating platform is used to adjust the sample angle and generate three-dimensional point cloud data of the sample surface. The three-dimensional model is generated through the data processing module.

[0124] The visible light camera unit includes a high-definition camera, an autofocus layer and a light source illumination layer. The high-definition camera is used to capture sample images in real time. The autofocus layer ensures clear images. The light source illumination layer ensures sufficient lighting in low-light environments and monitors sample morphology changes in real time.

[0125] Specifically, the infrared imaging unit: the infrared camera captures the infrared radiation signals emitted by the sample surface, and the thermal imaging processor converts these signals into a temperature distribution map, displaying the temperature changes of the sample in real time.

[0126] 3D laser scanning unit: The laser scanner generates 3D point cloud data of the sample surface by emitting a laser beam and measuring the reflected light. The rotating platform can adjust the sample angle to obtain omnidirectional scanning data of the sample.

[0127] Visible light camera unit: The high-definition camera captures sample images in real time, the autofocus layer ensures clear images, and the light source illumination layer ensures sufficient lighting in low-light environments.

[0128] The main control computing unit includes an industrial computer, a control interface board and a power supply. The industrial computer communicates with each module as the main control system, and the control interface board connects each module to the computer;

[0129] The data analysis and storage unit includes a data processor, a storage server and data analysis software. The data processor receives and processes sensor data in real time, the storage server stores all experimental process data, and the data analysis software performs subsequent processing and analysis on the data.

[0130] The IoT module unit includes a wireless data transmitter, a remote control interface and cloud storage. The wireless data transmitter uploads data to the cloud in real time. The remote control interface is used to remotely adjust experimental parameters. The cloud storage provides support for remote access to experimental data.

[0131] The touch display unit includes a touch display screen, user interface software and a display controller. The touch display screen displays experimental data in real time. The user interface software allows operators to operate through an interactive interface. The display controller ensures the stability and real-time update of data display.

[0132] Specifically, the main control computing unit is the "brain" of the entire experimental system, responsible for coordinating control and data processing of all modules. Specific components include: Industrial computer: As the core control system, the industrial computer exchanges data with each module through the communication interface. The computer uses a real-time operating system to ensure real-time collection, processing and feedback of all experimental data. Its powerful computing power supports multi-tasking and ensures efficient analysis of experimental data.

[0133] Control interface board: The control interface board is responsible for connecting each module to the computer and supports multiple interface protocols (such as RS-232, Ethernet, etc.). It receives instructions from the computer and transmits them to each module to ensure smooth communication between modules.

[0134] Power supply: The power supply provides a stable power supply to all modules, ensuring that the system can continue to operate during the experiment. The power supply module needs to be designed with overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions to prevent any electrical failures.

[0135] The data analysis and storage unit is used to process, store and subsequently analyze the data collected during the experiment to ensure the integrity and accuracy of all data. Specific components include:

[0136] Data processor: The data processor is used to receive and process data from various sensors and monitoring units in real time. It converts the data into usable analytical information, such as temperature, displacement, pressure and other parameters, and performs necessary real-time calculations to support dynamic adjustment of the experiment.

[0137] Storage Server: The storage server is used to store all experimental data, including sensor readings, temperature changes, loading forces, displacements, etc. The server has large storage capacity and high read and write speeds to meet the storage needs of high-frequency experimental data.

[0138] Data analysis software: Data analysis software is used for post-processing and analysis of experimental data. The software can generate stress-strain curves, temperature field distribution diagrams, etc. according to the preset analysis model. At the same time, it can perform statistical analysis on the data to help researchers deeply explore the experimental results.

[0139] The IoT module unit enables experimental data to be uploaded to the cloud in real time and supports remote control, making it convenient for researchers to access data and adjust experimental parameters anytime and anywhere. Including:

[0140] Wireless data transmitter: The wireless data transmitter is responsible for transmitting the real-time collected data to the cloud via wireless network. Through communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, LTE or 5G, the fast upload of experimental data is guaranteed to avoid the impact of wired connection limitations on the smoothness of the experiment.

[0141] Remote control interface: The remote control interface allows researchers to adjust experimental parameters through the network. No matter where the experimenter is, he can remotely adjust the temperature, loading force and other parameters in the experiment, greatly improving the flexibility and convenience of the experiment.

[0142] Cloud storage: Cloud storage provides reliable support for the storage of experimental data. All experimental data are uploaded to the cloud, which is not only convenient for remote access, but also for big data analysis, further improving the accuracy and reliability of experimental results.

[0143] The touch display unit is used to display experimental data in real time and provide an interactive interface for operators to operate and control the entire experimental system. Specific components include:

[0144] Touch screen: As a human-computer interaction interface, the touch screen displays real-time data collected during the experiment, temperature changes, loading force and other key parameters. Through touch operation, users can easily view, modify and adjust the experimental settings.

[0145] User Interface Software: The user interface software provides an easy-to-use interface to help researchers intuitively set up experiments and view data. The software includes graphical display functions such as temperature curves, stress-strain diagrams, etc. to enhance the user's operating experience.

[0146] Display controller: The display controller ensures that the data on the display screen is updated in real time and provides a stable image display to avoid data display errors caused by system delays or freezes. The controller supports high resolution and multiple display modes to ensure that the experimental data is clearly visible.

[0147] Embodiment 2:

[0148] Reference Figure 2 In a second embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an experimental analysis method for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches, comprising the following steps:

[0149] S1. Start the temperature control module to adjust the temperature

[0150] Start the temperature control module, first activate the precision refrigeration unit, and reduce the temperature of the sample area to a predetermined freezing temperature through the semiconductor refrigeration sheet, the heat conduction sheet and the refrigeration radiator;

[0151] Then the heating unit is started, and the heating process of the sample is controlled by the resistance heating element and the temperature control sensor to simulate the high temperature environment of ice and rock avalanche;

[0152] Start the phase change material insulation unit to keep the sample temperature stable during multiple temperature cycles by using the heat absorption and release characteristics of the phase change material during freeze-thaw cycles;

[0153] S2. Apply external force to load and simulate the loading process through the loading simulation module

[0154] Start the hydraulic loading unit, apply vertical loading force through the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pump, adjust the loading force with the hydraulic control valve, and monitor the loading force with the pressure sensor;

[0155] Start the servo motor loading unit, adjust the loading force by controlling the current of the servo motor, and the screw mechanism converts the rotational motion into linear loading;

[0156] Activate the piezoelectric material control unit, fine-tune the loading force by adjusting the voltage of the piezoelectric material, monitor the slight changes in force during the loading process in real time, and feed back to the central control and analysis module;

[0157] S3: Start the sensor and data acquisition module to collect multiple fields of data

[0158] Start the stress-strain sensing unit. The strain gauge measures the stress and strain on the sample surface through resistance changes and transmits the strain data to the central control and analysis module in real time.

[0159] Start the fiber Bragg grating sensing unit, use the fiber Bragg grating sensor to monitor the changes in temperature and stress, convert the data into electrical signals and transmit them to the sensor and data acquisition module;

[0160] The acoustic emission sensor unit is started to monitor the acoustic wave signal during the crack propagation process of the sample. The preamplifier amplifies the signal, and the signal acquisition card converts it into digital data and feeds it back to the central control and analysis module.

[0161] Start the displacement sensing unit, accurately measure the displacement change of the sample through the laser displacement sensor, and transmit the data in real time for processing;

[0162] S4, start the freeze-thaw control module to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle

[0163] Start the freezing unit to quickly cool down the sample area through the compressor, condenser and evaporator to simulate the freezing process;

[0164] Start the heating unit to heat the sample through the heating wire, and adjust the heating process through the temperature controller;

[0165] Start the air pressure regulating unit, adjust the air pressure in the sample environment through the air pump and pressure sensor, and simulate the effect of air pressure changes on ice and rock avalanches during freezing and thawing;

[0166] S5. Perform visual monitoring and record sample status

[0167] Start the infrared imaging unit, monitor the temperature change of the sample surface through the infrared camera, and the thermal imaging processor generates a temperature distribution map in real time;

[0168] Start the 3D laser scanning unit, the laser scanner captures the 3D data of the sample surface, generates point cloud data and constructs a 3D model of the sample;

[0169] Start the visible light camera unit and monitor the morphological changes of the sample through a high-definition camera;

[0170] S6, central control and analysis module for data collection and analysis

[0171] Start the main control computing unit, and the central control and analysis module communicates and synchronizes data with each module, so that all collected data can be displayed and controlled in real time;

[0172] Start the data analysis and storage unit to store the data collected by various sensors, use data analysis software to process the data, and extract key experimental information and rules;

[0173] Start the IoT module unit, upload the experimental data to the cloud for backup via the wireless data transmitter, and allow remote operators to remotely control it via the IoT interface;

[0174] Start the touch display unit to monitor the experimental status in real time through the touch display screen, and provide an intuitive operation interface for operators to view data and make adjustments.

[0175] Embodiment 3

[0176] The third embodiment of the present invention is based on the same inventive concept and proposes a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the experimental analysis method of the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche in the above embodiment.

[0177] Embodiment 4

[0178] The fourth embodiment of the present invention is based on the same inventive concept. The present invention proposes a computer device, the terminal includes: a processor, a memory; the processor and the memory communicate with each other; the memory is used to store instructions; the processor is used to execute the instructions in the memory, and execute the experimental analysis method of the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche in the above embodiment.

[0179] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0180] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches, characterized in that: include: The temperature control module is used to control the temperature of the experimental sample, including a precision refrigeration unit, a heating unit and a phase change material insulation unit; The loading simulation module is used to simulate the effect of external forces during ice and rock avalanche, including a hydraulic loading unit, a servo motor loading unit and a piezoelectric material control unit; The sensor and data acquisition module is used to collect the stress, strain, temperature, displacement and crack data of the sample during the experiment, including a stress-strain sensing unit, a fiber grating sensing unit, an acoustic emission sensing unit and a displacement sensing unit; A freeze-thaw control module, used to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle process, including a freezing unit, a heating unit and an air pressure regulating unit; Visual monitoring module, used to monitor sample morphology and temperature changes in real time, including infrared imaging unit, 3D laser scanning unit and visible light camera unit; The central control and analysis module is used to coordinate the work of each module and perform real-time analysis of data, including the main control computing unit, data analysis and storage unit, Internet of Things module unit and touch display unit.

2. The experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The precision refrigeration unit includes a semiconductor refrigeration sheet, a heat transfer sheet, a refrigeration radiator and a fan. The refrigeration is performed through the Peltier effect. The heat transfer sheet evenly transfers the cold to the sample, the refrigeration radiator dissipates the excess heat to the outside, and the fan is used to enhance the heat dissipation. The heating unit includes a resistance heating element, a temperature control sensor and a thermocouple. The resistance element converts electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the sample. The temperature control sensor monitors the temperature change in real time. The thermocouple detects the temperature and keeps the sample temperature within a set range. The phase change material heat preservation unit comprises a phase change material storage container, a heat conductive partition and a heat insulating protective layer, and utilizes the phase change heat absorption and release characteristics of the phase change material between solid and liquid to absorb or release heat.

3. The experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hydraulic loading unit includes a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic control valve and a pressure sensor. The hydraulic cylinder is driven by the hydraulic pump to generate a vertical loading force. The hydraulic control valve adjusts the hydraulic pressure according to the experimental requirements. The pressure sensor monitors and feeds back the loading force in real time. The servo motor loading unit includes a servo motor, a screw mechanism and a force sensor. The servo motor accurately adjusts the force by controlling the current. The screw mechanism converts the rotational motion into linear motion and applies the lateral loading force. The force sensor detects the force value in the loading process in real time and feeds back to the central control and analysis module. The piezoelectric material control unit includes a piezoelectric material sheet, a power controller and a force feedback sensor. The piezoelectric material sheet can produce slight deformation according to the change of the electric field. The voltage is adjusted by the power controller to fine-tune the loading force. The force feedback sensor monitors the slight force changes generated during the loading process in real time and feeds back to the central control and analysis module.

4. The experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stress-strain sensing unit includes a strain gauge, a strain meter and a signal amplifier. The strain gauge is attached to the surface of the sample. After the sample is deformed by force, the resistance changes. The signal amplifier amplifies the strain signal and converts the resistance change into strain data through the strain meter. The fiber grating sensing unit includes a fiber grating sensor, a fiber demodulator and a fiber splitter. The fiber grating sensor senses temperature and stress changes through the Bragg reflection principle, and the fiber demodulator converts optical signals into electrical signals. The acoustic emission sensing unit includes an acoustic emission sensor, a preamplifier and a signal acquisition card. The acoustic emission sensor monitors the acoustic wave signal during the crack extension process, the preamplifier amplifies the weak acoustic signal, and the signal acquisition card converts the signal into digital data and feeds it back to the central control and analysis module. The displacement sensing unit includes a laser displacement sensor and a data processing layer. The laser displacement sensor measures the displacement of the sample by emitting a laser beam and measuring the time difference of the reflected light. The data processing layer processes the displacement signal and provides displacement data in real time.

5. The experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The refrigeration unit includes a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a refrigeration pipeline. The compressor compresses the refrigerant and sends it to the condenser for cooling. The evaporator evaporates the refrigerant by absorbing the heat of the sample area. The refrigeration pipeline connects various components. The heating unit includes a heating wire, a temperature controller and a heat conduction plate. The heating wire generates heat through electric current and evenly conducts the heat to the sample through the heat conduction plate. The temperature controller monitors the sample temperature in real time. The air pressure regulating unit includes an air pump, a pressure sensor and a sealed insulation box. The air pump provides airflow, the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure changes in the box in real time, and the air pressure regulating unit automatically adjusts the air pressure to simulate the freeze-thaw environment under different climatic conditions.

6. The experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The infrared imaging unit includes an infrared camera, an infrared filter and a thermal imaging processor. The infrared camera captures the infrared radiation signal emitted by the sample surface, the infrared filter selectively filters the infrared band, and the thermal imaging processor processes the infrared image and converts it into a temperature distribution map to display the temperature change of the sample in real time. The 3D laser scanning unit includes a laser scanner, a rotating platform and a data acquisition and processing module. The laser scanner emits a laser beam and measures the reflected beam. The rotating platform is used to adjust the sample angle and generate three-dimensional point cloud data on the sample surface. The three-dimensional model is generated through the data processing module. The visible light camera unit includes a high-definition camera, an autofocus layer and a light source illumination layer. The high-definition camera is used to capture sample images in real time. The autofocus layer ensures that the image is clear. The light source illumination layer ensures sufficient illumination in a low-light environment and monitors sample morphology changes in real time.

7. The experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main control computing unit includes an industrial computer, a control interface board and a power supply. The industrial computer communicates with each module as a main control system, and the control interface board connects each module to the computer. The data analysis and storage unit includes a data processor, a storage server and data analysis software. The data processor receives and processes sensor data in real time, the storage server stores all experimental process data, and the data analysis software performs subsequent processing and analysis on the data. The IoT module unit includes a wireless data transmitter, a remote control interface and cloud storage. The wireless data transmitter uploads data to the cloud in real time. The remote control interface is used to remotely adjust experimental parameters. The cloud storage provides support for remote access to experimental data. The touch display unit includes a touch display screen, user interface software and a display controller. The touch display screen displays experimental data in real time. The user interface software allows operators to operate through an interactive interface. The display controller ensures the stability and real-time update of data display.

8. An experimental analysis method for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanches, characterized in that: The experimental analysis device for the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: S1. Start the temperature control module to adjust the temperature Start the temperature control module, first activate the precision refrigeration unit, and reduce the temperature of the sample area to a predetermined freezing temperature through the semiconductor refrigeration sheet, the heat conduction sheet and the refrigeration radiator; Then the heating unit is started, and the heating process of the sample is controlled by the resistance heating element and the temperature control sensor to simulate the high temperature environment of ice and rock avalanche; Start the phase change material insulation unit to keep the sample temperature stable during multiple temperature cycles by using the heat absorption and release characteristics of the phase change material during freeze-thaw cycles; S2. Apply external force to load and simulate the loading process through the loading simulation module Start the hydraulic loading unit, apply vertical loading force through the hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pump, adjust the loading force with the hydraulic control valve, and monitor the loading force with the pressure sensor; Start the servo motor loading unit, adjust the loading force by controlling the current of the servo motor, and the screw mechanism converts the rotational motion into linear loading; Activate the piezoelectric material control unit, fine-tune the loading force by adjusting the voltage of the piezoelectric material, monitor the slight changes in force during the loading process in real time, and feed back to the central control and analysis module; S3: Start the sensor and data acquisition module to collect multiple fields of data Start the stress-strain sensing unit. The strain gauge measures the stress and strain on the sample surface through resistance changes and transmits the strain data to the central control and analysis module in real time. Start the fiber Bragg grating sensing unit, use the fiber Bragg grating sensor to monitor the changes in temperature and stress, convert the data into electrical signals and transmit them to the sensor and data acquisition module; The acoustic emission sensor unit is started to monitor the acoustic wave signal during the crack propagation process of the sample. The preamplifier amplifies the signal, and the signal acquisition card converts it into digital data and feeds it back to the central control and analysis module. Start the displacement sensing unit, accurately measure the displacement change of the sample through the laser displacement sensor, and transmit the data in real time for processing; S4, start the freeze-thaw control module to simulate the freeze-thaw cycle Start the freezing unit to quickly cool down the sample area through the compressor, condenser and evaporator to simulate the freezing process; Start the heating unit to heat the sample through the heating wire, and adjust the heating process through the temperature controller; Start the air pressure regulating unit, adjust the air pressure in the sample environment through the air pump and pressure sensor, and simulate the effect of air pressure changes on ice and rock avalanches during freezing and thawing; S5. Perform visual monitoring and record sample status Start the infrared imaging unit, monitor the temperature change of the sample surface through the infrared camera, and the thermal imaging processor generates a temperature distribution map in real time; Start the 3D laser scanning unit, the laser scanner captures the 3D data of the sample surface, generates point cloud data and constructs a 3D model of the sample; Start the visible light camera unit and monitor the morphological changes of the sample through a high-definition camera; S6, central control and analysis module for data collection and analysis Start the main control computing unit, and the central control and analysis module communicates and synchronizes data with each module, so that all collected data can be displayed and controlled in real time; Start the data analysis and storage unit to store the data collected by various sensors, use data analysis software to process the data, and extract key experimental information and rules; Start the IoT module unit, upload the experimental data to the cloud for backup via the wireless data transmitter, and allow remote operators to remotely control it via the IoT interface; Start the touch display unit to monitor the experimental status in real time through the touch display screen, and provide an intuitive operation interface for operators to view data and make adjustments.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the experimental analysis method of the ice-rock avalanche multi-field coupling process as claimed in claim 8 is implemented.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the experimental analysis method of the multi-field coupling process of ice and rock avalanche according to claim 8 is implemented.

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