Seed metering cylinder structure for soybean and seed metering device

Abstract

The application provides a seed sowing roller structure and a seed sowing device for soybeans, and the seed sowing roller structure comprises a seed sowing roller, a plurality of circular truncated cone type holes with large outer diameter and small inner diameter are arranged on the seed sowing roller, and the parameters of the circular truncated cone type holes are designed according to the stress condition of the inner soybean seeds when the axis of the circular truncated cone type holes is in the horizontal direction, and the parameters of the circular truncated cone type holes include hole diameter, air hole diameter, hole depth and hole inclination angle. Through the design of the shape and size of the hole, the precision seeding of most soybean seeds with different shapes, sizes and sphericity can be met, the smoothness in the seed filling process is ensured, the uniformity and stability of the seed sowing are ensured, and the seed breakage rate in the seeding process is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically relating to a seed metering roller structure and seed metering device for soybeans. Background Technology

[0002] Sowing is the first step in mechanized crop cultivation, and the seed metering device, as the core component of the seeder, directly affects the sowing quality. Existing seed metering devices generally use grooved wheel holes or straight round holes. During the operation of the seed metering device, if it encounters seeds that are too large or too small, these holes are prone to unstable seed filling, resulting in low seed filling efficiency. At the same time, there is also a tendency for seeds to get stuck in the holes or be knocked off. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a seed metering roller structure and a seed metering device for soybeans.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is to provide a seed metering roller structure for soybeans, including a seed metering roller with a plurality of frustum-shaped holes, the outer of which is larger than the inner ones. The outer large opening of the frustum-shaped hole is called the hole opening, the inner small opening is called the air hole, and the inclined surface connecting the hole opening and the air hole is called the wall surface. The parameters of the frustum-shaped hole are designed according to the force on the soybean seed inside when its axis is in the horizontal direction. At this time, the soybean seed is at the critical point of about to slide down, and the elastic force F of the upper wall surface of the hole on the soybean seed is... N2 The frictional force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the die hole is 0. f2 The resultant force on the soybean seed is 0, providing the centripetal force. The parameters of the frustum-shaped aperture include the aperture diameter D. 外 Pore ​​diameter D 内 Hole depth H and hole inclination angle θ, L≤D 外 ≤2d, D 内 ≤0.8d, w≤H≤2w, the hole inclination angle θ is calculated by the following formula.

[0005]

[0006] Where L is the length of the soybean seed, d is the thickness of the soybean seed, w is the width of the soybean seed, G is the weight of the soybean seed, m is the mass of the soybean seed, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The supporting force of the lower wall of the perforation on the soybean seed. ω is the frictional force between the soybean seed and the lower wall of the die, r is the radius of the seed metering roller, ω is the angular velocity of the seed metering roller, and μ is the coefficient of friction between the seed metering roller and the soybean seed.

[0007] Optionally, the length L of the soybean seed is taken as the average length of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seed, which is 8.91 mm; the thickness d of the soybean seed is taken as the average thickness of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seed, which is 5.8 mm; and the width w of the soybean seed is taken as the average width of Zaoshu No. 1 soybean seed, which is 7.24 mm.

[0008] Optionally, the orifice diameter D 外 Satisfying 8.91mm≤D 外 ≤11.6mm, pore diameter D 内 ≤4.64mm, and the hole depth H satisfies 7.24mm≤H≤14.48mm.

[0009] Optionally, the pore diameter D 内 Take 4.5mm, and take the hole depth H as 9mm.

[0010] Optionally, the radius r of the seed metering roller is 74 mm, the angular velocity ω of the seed metering roller is 0.5π≤ω≤π, and the friction coefficient μ between the seed metering roller and the soybean seeds is 0.45, resulting in an aperture inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°].

[0011] Optionally, the orifice diameter D 外 ∈[11.04mm, 11.6mm].

[0012] Optionally, the frustum-shaped hole has a chamfer at the opening.

[0013] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a seed metering device for soybeans, comprising a roller cover, a seed delivery pipe, and the aforementioned seed metering roller structure for soybeans; wherein,

[0014] The roller cover is a cavity structure with an open top. It includes a cover side plate arranged parallel to both ends, a pair of inclined plates symmetrically arranged between the two cover side plates and inclined inward, and an arc plate arranged between the bottoms of the two inclined plates and protruding outward. The side of the arc plate has an opening near the bottom, and the width of the opening in the circumferential direction can completely cover at least one frustum-shaped hole.

[0015] The seed metering roller structure includes a seed metering roller and a high-pressure chamber. The seed metering roller is rotatably installed inside the roller cover via a rotating shaft. The lower part of the seed metering roller is located in the groove of the arc-shaped plate, and its upper part extends out of the groove of the arc-shaped plate. The arc-shaped plate, the inclined plate and the seed metering roller are fitted with a clearance. The cavity between the outer wall of the upper part of the seed metering roller and the two inclined plates and the two side plates of the cover forms a seed filling area. The high-pressure chamber is closely attached to the inner wall of the seed metering roller at a position corresponding to the opening of the arc-shaped plate. The high-pressure chamber is circulated with an airflow that can blow soybean seeds located in the frustum-shaped hole at the high-pressure chamber outward.

[0016] The seeding pipe is located at the bottom of the arc-shaped plate, with its upper opening connected to the opening of the arc-shaped plate and its lower opening connected to the outside.

[0017] Optionally, end caps are fitted at both ends of the rotating shaft in the gap outside the seeding roller, and the end caps are fixedly installed on the corresponding side plates of the cover. The high-pressure chamber is fixedly installed on the end caps.

[0018] Optionally, the opening of the arc-shaped plate can completely cover 2-5 frustum-shaped holes in the circumferential direction.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a seed metering roller structure for soybeans, which uses a seed metering roller to meter seeds. Several conical holes are formed on the seed metering roller. During seed metering, due to the conical opening design of the holes (larger on the outside, smaller on the inside), soybean seeds of different shapes and sizes can smoothly fall into the holes to different depths. Furthermore, the conical opening design reduces the likelihood of seeds getting stuck, making it easier for soybean seeds to detach from the holes and complete the metering process. Since the triaxial dimensions and shape of the seeds are key parameters in designing the seed metering holes and affect the filling performance during operation, this invention optimizes the hole parameters. First, this invention analyzes the hole size based on the filling posture. Considering that soybean seeds mainly enter the holes in two postures: "lateral" (where the length direction of the soybean seed is tangent to the radius direction of the seed metering roller) and "vertical" (where the length direction of the soybean seed is the same as the radius direction of the seed metering roller), to prevent soybean seeds from falling into the air chamber, the diameter D of the air hole is... 内 It should satisfy D≤D 内 ≤0.8d, to avoid two soybean seeds entering the mold hole, the diameter D of the mold hole opening is... 外 The condition L≤D should be satisfied. 外 ≤2d, the hole depth H should satisfy w≤H≤2w. Secondly, this invention calculates the hole inclination angle θ based on the force on the soybean seed inside when the hole axis is in the horizontal direction, because at this time the soybean seed inside the hole is just at the critical point of about to slide down, and the elastic force F of the upper wall of the hole on the seed. N2 The frictional force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the mold hole is 0. f2 The resultant force is 0, providing centripetal force. The inclination angle θ of the orifice is calculated based on the force on the seed. This orifice design ensures that the seed metering device can be used for soybean seeds of different shapes and sizes, and ensures that only one seed is filled into each orifice, preventing seed jamming, knocking, double sowing, and missed sowing, thus improving seed filling efficiency. In this invention, the shape and size of the orifice are precisely calculated and determined, enabling precision sowing of most soybean seeds of different shapes, sizes, and sphericities. This ensures smooth seed filling, guarantees the uniformity and stability of seed metering, and greatly reduces the seed breakage rate during sowing.

[0020] On the other hand, this invention also provides a seed metering device for soybeans. Through the structural design of the roller cover, the seeds in the filling area are encased in the orifice as the seed metering roller rotates. The seeds in the orifice are cleaned by the action of the inclined plate and protected by the arc plate. Finally, the seeds rotate together with the seed metering roller to the bottom of the seed metering roller. Under the action of the seed's own weight and the positive pressure airflow in the high-pressure chamber, the seeds are blown down by the seed delivery pipe to complete the seed metering. This invention adopts an internal blowing type + mechanical roller type, which optimizes the seed transmission and discharge path and avoids the blockage of the orifice. The orifice is truncated cone-shaped for soybean sowing, which can realize the sowing of soybeans of different shapes and sizes. The seed metering device adopts a single seed metering roller for centralized seed metering, which significantly reduces the seed breakage rate, improves the filling performance, and prevents seed jamming. It has high sowing efficiency and reliability, and the structure is simpler and more integrated. Through the design of the roller cover, it can ensure that the seeds are smoothly transported to the seed delivery pipe during the rotation of the seed metering roller. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the seed metering roller structure for soybeans provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shaped hole when the soybean seed is in a vertical position inside the shaped hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pore when the soybean seed is in a lateral position inside the pore in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a force analysis diagram of soybean seeds inside the perforation when the perforation axis is in the horizontal direction in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frustum-shaped hole in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frustum-shaped hole with a chamfer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed metering device for soybeans provided by the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 100 - seed metering roller structure, 101 - seed metering roller, 102 - frustum-shaped hole, 103 - high pressure chamber, 104 - rotating shaft, 200 - roller cover, 201 - cover side plate, 202 - inclined plate, 203 - arc plate, 204 - seed filling area; 300 - seed feeding pipe, 301 - fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" or "several" means two or more.

[0033] The following is combined Figures 1-6 This invention describes a seed metering roller structure and a seed meterer for soybeans.

[0034] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a seed metering roller structure 100 for soybeans, including a seed metering roller 101. The seed metering roller 101 is provided with a plurality of frustum-shaped holes 102, which are larger on the outside and smaller on the inside. The larger outer opening of the frustum-shaped hole 102 is called the hole opening, and the smaller inner opening is called the air hole. The inclined surface connecting the hole opening and the air hole is called the wall surface. The parameters of the frustum-shaped hole are designed according to the force on the soybean seeds inside when its axis is in the horizontal direction. At this time, the soybean seeds are at the critical point of about to slide down. The elastic force F of the upper wall surface of the hole on the soybean seeds is... N2 The frictional force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the die hole is 0. f2The resultant force on the soybean seed is 0, providing the centripetal force. The parameters of the frustum-shaped aperture include the aperture diameter D. 外 Pore ​​diameter D 内 Hole depth H and hole inclination angle θ, L≤D 外 ≤2d, D 内 ≤0.8d, w≤H≤2w, the hole inclination angle θ is calculated by the following formula.

[0035]

[0036] Where L is the length of the soybean seed, d is the thickness of the soybean seed, w is the width of the soybean seed, G is the weight of the soybean seed, and m is the mass of the soybean seed, where m can be taken as 0.25 * 10⁻⁶. -3 kg, where g is the acceleration due to gravity. The supporting force of the lower wall of the perforation on the soybean seed. ω is the frictional force between the soybean seed and the lower wall of the die, r is the radius of the seed metering roller, ω is the angular velocity of the seed metering roller, and μ is the coefficient of friction between the seed metering roller and the soybean seed.

[0037] When designing the parameters of the frustum-shaped aperture, the external dimensions of the soybean seed must first be determined, namely the length L, width w, and thickness d of the soybean seed. Therefore, in one embodiment, this application randomly selects 100 soybean seeds from each of the three varieties, Zhonghuang 13, Jidou 12, and Zaoshu 1, and calculates the average size of each variety to obtain the average sphericity S. p The length, width, and height of soybean seeds can be measured using vernier calipers, and the calculation results are shown in the table below.

[0038] Length L / mm Width w / mm Thickness d / mm <![CDATA[Sphericity S p > Zhonghuang 13 8.91 7.90 5.80 80.87％ Hebei Bean 12 8.54 7.51 6.14 85.83％ Early-maturing No. 1 8.36 7.24 6.57 90.56％

[0039] Based on sphericity, soybean seeds can be roughly divided into ellipsoidal and near-spherical types. Because Zhonghuang 13 has the largest average length and width and the smallest average thickness, its sphericity is the smallest, while Zaoshu 1 has the smallest average width. Therefore, the length L of the soybean seed is taken as the average length of Zhonghuang 13 soybean seeds, which is 8.91 mm; the thickness d is taken as the average thickness of Zhonghuang 13 soybean seeds, which is 5.8 mm; and the width w is taken as the average width of Zaoshu 1 soybean seeds, which is 7.24 mm. The hole size designed based on the above seed dimensions can be applied to soybean seeds of different shapes and sizes.

[0040] Based on the aforementioned seed size, to ensure that the seed metering device does not double-seed or miss any seeds, it should be ensured that only one seed is filled into each seed hole. Therefore, in one embodiment, the seed hole size is analyzed according to the seed filling posture. Figure 2a , Figure 2bAs shown, the seed entry pores mainly exhibit two orientations: "horizontal" and "vertical." To prevent seeds from falling into the air chamber, the pore diameter D should be... 内 ≤0.8d=0.8*5.8mm=4.64mm. To avoid two seeds being filled into the mold hole, the diameter D of the mold hole opening is... 外 The following conditions must be met simultaneously: L≤D in the lateral direction. 外 ≤2L, vertical direction d≤D 外 ≤2d, i.e., 8.91mm≤D 外 The diameter of the pore should be ≤11.6mm, and the pore depth H should simultaneously satisfy w≤H≤2w in the horizontal direction and L≤H≤2L in the vertical direction, i.e., 7.24mm≤H≤14.48mm. Preferably, the pore diameter D... 内 Take 4.5mm, and take the hole depth H as 9mm.

[0041] At the same sowing speed, if the diameter of the seed metering roller is too small, the rotation speed of the seed meterer will be relatively high, and the time for the shaped hole to pass through the seed group will be too short, which is not conducive to seed filling; if the diameter of the seed metering roller is too large, the processing quality and cost requirements of the seed meterer will be too high, and the size space will be large. Therefore, the diameter of the seed metering roller is generally 80-200mm. Preferably, in one embodiment, the present invention determines the diameter of the seed metering roller to be 148mm according to actual needs, that is, the radius r is 74mm. According to the soybean sowing speed, the rotation speed of the seed metering roller is generally set to 15-30 rpm, that is, the angular velocity ω of the seed metering roller is 0.5π≤ω≤π, and the friction coefficient μ between the seed metering roller and the soybean seeds is 0.45, so that the shaped hole inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°].

[0042] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the present invention found in experiments that the orifice diameter is an important dimension affecting the seed filling and discharging effect. Therefore, based on the orifice inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°] and the pore diameter D... 内 = 4.5mm, hole depth H = 9mm, the present invention calculates the hole diameter D by means of the hole opening diameter. 外 ∈[11.04mm,12.20mm], since D 外 It also needs to satisfy 8.91mm≤D 外 ≤11.6mm, therefore the orifice diameter D is determined. 外 ∈[11.04mm, 11.6mm], preferably, the orifice diameter D 外 Take 11.5mm.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the frustum-shaped orifice has a chamfer at the orifice opening to prevent damage when seeds enter the orifice.

[0044] To address the problems of high airflow demand, high energy consumption, and high airtightness requirements in traditional air-blowing seed metering devices, as well as the issue of seed drop and leakage due to decreased seed filling performance in the orifice, this invention employs an internal blowing + mechanical roller seed metering device. Specifically, in one embodiment, as follows... Figure 1 As shown, a high-pressure chamber 103 is installed close to the inner wall of the seed metering roller 101, located on the seed-forming hole. The high-pressure chamber 103 contains an airflow that blows the seeds from the seed-forming hole located within it outwards. The arc length of the high-pressure chamber is less than half the circumference of the seed metering roller. Part of the seed metering roller is used for seed filling, and another part for seed metering. The high-pressure chamber corresponds to the seed metering area, and it is preferable for the high-pressure chamber to cover 2-5 rows of seed-forming holes, specifically 4. The seed metering roller has multiple sets of seed-forming holes, each set including 2-6 rings of holes. A high-pressure chamber is installed at each set of seed-forming holes. Using multiple sets of seed-forming holes can improve sowing efficiency.

[0045] This invention utilizes a high-pressure chamber installed on the inner wall of the seed metering drum. The high-pressure chamber is tightly fitted to the inner surface of the drum. A fan delivers gas into the high-pressure chamber through a duct, creating a positive pressure airflow. Seeds are directed into the high-pressure chamber area and expelled through the seed holes by the gas, completing the sowing process. The high-pressure chamber design solves the problem of seeds getting stuck at high speeds due to their own weight, and also addresses the issue of rapeseed, with its high oil content, easily adhering to the seed holes and causing uneven seed dispensing. This prevents seed hole blockage and ensures better consistency in seed metering across rows, achieving both precision and multi-row sowing.

[0046] This invention uses an internal air blowing + mechanical roller seed metering drum, which utilizes the working principle of gravity seed filling and airflow seed cleaning, and has better seed adaptability, lower airtightness requirements and higher sowing efficiency. In particular, the seed damage is less due to airflow cleaning.

[0047] Considering the existing soybean seed metering devices have problems such as complex structure, heavy weight, cumbersome seed metering disc assembly and disassembly, inconvenient seed feed adjustment, fixed air blowing height, and difficulty in assembling with other machinery, correspondingly, such as Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides a seed metering device for soybeans, comprising a roller cover 200, a seed delivery pipe 300, and the aforementioned seed metering roller structure 100 for soybeans; wherein,

[0048] The roller cover 200 is a cavity structure with an open top. It includes cover side plates 201 arranged parallel to both ends, a pair of inclined plates 202 symmetrically arranged between the two cover side plates 201 and inclined inward, and an arc plate 203 arranged between the bottom of the two inclined plates and protruding outward. The side of the arc plate 203 is provided with an opening near the bottom. The width of the opening in the circumferential direction can completely cover at least one frustum-shaped hole.

[0049] The seed metering roller structure 100 includes a seed metering roller 101 and a high-pressure chamber 103. The seed metering roller 101 is rotatably installed inside the roller cover 200 via a rotating shaft 104. The lower part of the seed metering roller 101 is located in the groove of the arc plate 203, and its upper part extends out of the groove of the arc plate. The arc plate, the inclined plate and the seed metering roller are fitted with a clearance. The cavity between the outer wall of the upper part of the seed metering roller and the two inclined plates and the two cover side plates forms a seed filling area 204. The high-pressure chamber 103 is closely attached to the inner wall of the seed metering roller at a position corresponding to the opening of the arc plate. The high-pressure chamber is filled with an airflow that can blow soybean seeds located in the frustum-shaped hole at the high-pressure chamber outward.

[0050] The seeding pipe 300 is located at the bottom of the arc-shaped plate. The upper opening of the seeding pipe is connected to the opening of the arc-shaped plate, and its lower opening is connected to the outside.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the two ends of the rotating shaft 104 are fitted with end caps (not shown in the figure) in the gap outside the seeding roller. The end caps are fixedly installed on the corresponding side plates of the cover, and the high-pressure chamber is fixedly installed on the end caps.

[0052] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the circumferential width of the opening of the arc-shaped plate 203 can completely cover 2-5 frustum-shaped holes, which can improve seeding efficiency. Specifically, in this embodiment, the opening of the arc-shaped plate 203 can cover 4 frustum-shaped holes.

[0053] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the rotating shaft is a hexagonal shaft. The rotatable seed metering roller is fitted with fixed end caps on both sides with a clearance. A fixed arc-shaped plate is provided on the lower circumference of the seed metering roller. The hexagonal shaft, coaxial with the seed metering roller, passes through the seed metering roller and extends beyond the outer side of the end caps. A gear fixed on the hexagonal shaft is connected to a gear of the motor fixed on the side plate of the cover by a chain, and the motor drives the seed metering roller to rotate. The motor is also connected to a reducer, which can adjust the speed of the seed metering roller to achieve sowing at different speeds. The seed metering roller contains a motor and a reducer, and uses chain drive to connect the motor and the seed metering roller. This solves the problem of motor malfunction due to jamming during sowing. At the same time, the structural layout of the motor and reducer makes the entire seed metering roller more reasonable and compact, facilitating tractor installation and debugging.

[0054] This invention uses a motor reducer to adjust the speed of the seed metering drum, enabling the seed meterer to sow at different speeds. The seed meterer is equipped with a motor and a reducer, and uses chain drive to connect the motor and the seed metering drum, solving the problem of the motor failing to operate due to jamming during sowing. At the same time, the structural layout of the motor and reducer makes the whole machine more reasonable and compact, facilitating the installation and debugging of the tractor.

[0055] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the seeding pipe 300 is fixedly connected to a fixed plate 301, and the two ends of the fixed plate 301 are fixedly connected to the side plates 201 of the cover on both sides.

[0056] The seed metering device for soybeans provided by this invention adopts an air-blowing, centrally concentrated seed metering principle. It features a compact and small structure, with the seed metering roller employing an internal blowing + mechanical roller design. This optimizes seed transport and discharge paths, achieving both precision and simultaneous seeding, and preventing orifice clogging. The entire seed metering device utilizes a seed metering roller and seed box for centralized seed metering, significantly reducing seed breakage rate, improving seed filling performance, and preventing seed jamming. It boasts high sowing efficiency and reliability, a simple structure, and a high degree of integration.

[0057] The seed metering device for soybeans provided by this invention has the following specific installation steps: First, install the roller cover and position the side plates of the cover on both sides. The two side plates can be fixed together by a crossbeam. Then, install the arc-shaped plate and a pair of inclined plates between the two side plates. The front end of the arc-shaped plate contacts the front inclined plate, and the rear end of the arc-shaped plate contacts the rear inclined plate. The two inclined plates are fitted with a clearance fit to the outer surface of the seed metering roller. This avoids the working resistance between the seed metering roller and the inclined plates when rotating, and also removes excess seeds from the upper surface of the orifice. The arc-shaped plate has an opening at the connection with each seed feeding pipe, which is the seed discharge trough. Seed feeding pipes are installed at both openings and are fixed to the side plates of the cover on both sides by fixing plates. Then, install the rotating shaft with the seed metering roller, and fit the two ends of the seed metering roller with a clearance fit. It has end caps, which are fixedly installed on the corresponding side plates of the cover. The seed metering roller has shaped holes for picking up seeds. Specifically, the seed metering roller has 6 rings of symmetrical frustum-shaped holes, with 3 rings as a group. Each group corresponds to a high-pressure chamber and a seed feeding pipe. Each ring has 36 shaped holes evenly distributed on the circumference. Then, the motor, reducer, and chain are installed. The motor and reducer are fixed to the side plates of the cover with screws. Next, the seed box for holding seeds is installed. The seed box is connected to the seed filling area above the roller cover. Finally, the high-pressure chamber is connected to the air source through an air pipe. There are two high-pressure chambers, which are installed on the inner surface of the end caps on both sides with screws. Each high-pressure chamber has an air pipe interface, which is connected to an air pipe. The fan is connected to the air pipe through a tee. The high-pressure chamber and the shaped holes in the area of ​​the high-pressure chamber at the bottom form a positive pressure channel.

[0058] The entire working process of this invention when sowing soybeans is as follows: Soybean seeds are poured into the seed box, the blower is turned on, and gas at a certain pressure is connected to the air pipe. The air pipe guides the gas into the high-pressure chamber, forming a positive pressure airflow in the high-pressure chamber area. After the blower starts, the drive motor is turned on. The motor drives the hexagonal shaft nested in the seed metering roller to rotate through gear transmission. The seed metering roller rotates accordingly. At this time, the seeds in the seed box are filled into the shaped holes of the seed metering roller as the seed metering roller rotates. The soybean seeds filled into the shaped holes are carried to the high-pressure chamber area below as the seed metering roller rotates. During the process, under the airflow, the seeds in the shaped hole at the bottom of the seed metering roller are blown out of the shaped hole and fall into the seed delivery pipe through the opening of the arc plate for effective seed unloading, thus completing the sowing. At the same time, the motor drives the seed metering roller to rotate around the hexagonal axis, rotating to the shaped hole above the seed metering roller to fill the seed box with seeds. The seeds filled in the shaped hole are cleaned by the action of the inclined plate and protected by the arc plate. Finally, the seeds move to the bottom of the seed metering roller and are metered by their own weight and positive pressure airflow.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seed metering roller structure for soybeans, characterized in that, The system includes a seed metering roller with several frustum-shaped holes, each with a larger outer opening and a smaller inner opening. The larger outer opening of each frustum-shaped hole is called the hole orifice, and the smaller inner opening is called an air vent. The inclined surface connecting the hole orifice and the air vent is called the wall surface. The parameters of the frustum-shaped hole are designed based on the force exerted on the soybean seeds inside when its axis is horizontal. At this point, the soybean seeds are at a critical point before sliding down, and the elastic force F exerted by the upper wall surface of the hole on the soybean seeds... N2 The frictional force F between the soybean seed and the upper wall of the die hole is 0. f2 The resultant force on the soybean seed is 0, providing the centripetal force. The parameters of the frustum-shaped aperture include the aperture diameter D. 外 Pore ​​diameter D 内 Hole depth H and hole inclination angle θ, L≤D 外 ≤2d, D 内 ≤0.8d, w≤H≤2w, the hole inclination angle θ is calculated by the following formula. Where L is the length of the soybean seed, d is the thickness of the soybean seed, w is the width of the soybean seed, G is the weight of the soybean seed, m is the mass of the soybean seed, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The supporting force of the lower wall of the perforation on the soybean seed. ω is the frictional force between the soybean seed and the lower wall of the die, r is the radius of the seed metering roller, ω is the angular velocity of the seed metering roller, and μ is the coefficient of friction between the seed metering roller and the soybean seed.

2. The seed metering roller structure for soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length L of the soybean seed is taken as the average length of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seed, which is 8.91 mm. The thickness d of the soybean seed is taken as the average thickness of Zhonghuang No. 13 soybean seed, which is 5.8 mm. The width w of the soybean seed is taken as the average width of Zaoshu No. 1 soybean seed, which is 7.24 mm.

3. The seed metering roller structure for soybeans according to claim 2, characterized in that, The orifice diameter D 外 Satisfying 8.91mm≤D 外 ≤11.6mm, pore diameter D 内 ≤4.64mm, and the hole depth H satisfies 7.24mm≤H≤14.48mm.

4. The seed metering roller structure for soybeans according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pore diameter D 内 Take 4.5mm, and take the hole depth H as 9mm.

5. The seed metering roller structure for soybeans according to claim 4, characterized in that, The radius r of the seed metering roller is 74 mm, the angular velocity ω of the seed metering roller is 0.5π≤ω≤π, and the friction coefficient μ between the seed metering roller and the soybean seeds is 0.45, resulting in an aperture inclination angle θ∈[19.97°, 23.16°].

6. The seed metering roller structure for soybeans according to claim 5, characterized in that, The orifice diameter D 外 ∈[11.04mm, 11.6mm].

7. The seed metering roller structure for soybeans according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frustum-shaped hole has a chamfer at the opening.

8. A seed metering device for soybeans, characterized in that, Includes a roller cover, a seed delivery pipe, and a seed metering roller structure for soybeans as described in any one of claims 1-7; wherein, The roller cover is a cavity structure with an open top. It includes a cover side plate arranged parallel to both ends, a pair of inclined plates symmetrically arranged between the two cover side plates and inclined inward, and an arc plate arranged between the bottoms of the two inclined plates and protruding outward. The side of the arc plate has an opening near the bottom, and the width of the opening in the circumferential direction can completely cover at least one frustum-shaped hole. The seed metering roller structure includes a seed metering roller and a high-pressure chamber. The seed metering roller is rotatably installed inside the roller cover via a rotating shaft. The lower part of the seed metering roller is located in the groove of the arc-shaped plate, and its upper part extends out of the groove of the arc-shaped plate. The arc-shaped plate, the inclined plate and the seed metering roller are fitted with a clearance. The cavity between the outer wall of the upper part of the seed metering roller and the two inclined plates and the two side plates of the cover forms a seed filling area. The high-pressure chamber is closely attached to the inner wall of the seed metering roller at a position corresponding to the opening of the arc-shaped plate. The high-pressure chamber is circulated with an airflow that can blow soybean seeds located in the frustum-shaped hole at the high-pressure chamber outward. The seeding pipe is located at the bottom of the arc-shaped plate, with its upper opening connected to the opening of the arc-shaped plate and its lower opening connected to the outside.

9. The seed metering device for soybeans according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both ends of the rotating shaft are fitted with end caps in the gap outside the seeding roller. The end caps are fixedly installed on the corresponding side plates of the cover. The high-pressure chamber is fixedly installed on the end caps.

10. The seed metering device for soybeans according to claim 8, characterized in that, The opening of the arc-shaped plate is wide enough in the circumferential direction to completely cover 2-5 frustum-shaped holes.

Images