Ecological environment restoration system and method suitable for high and steep slope of mine

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological environment restoration system and method suitable for a high and steep slope of a mine. The ecological environment restoration system comprises a water collection pit arranged on the slope, and a plurality of drainage grooves are formed in the outer side of the water collection pit; a first planting area and a second planting area are sequentially arranged below the water collecting pit, vines or herbaceous plants are planted in the first planting area, and shrub plants are planted in the second planting area; the first planting area comprises a plurality of separation retaining walls fixed on the side slope and honeycomb geogrids fixed between the adjacent separation retaining walls; the second planting area comprises a planting groove and a water collecting groove. The remediation system is divided into the first planting area and the second planting areas, a better soil fixation structure can be formed through the separation retaining walls, the honeycomb geogrids, the planting grooves and the water collection grooves, soil bodies can be conveniently fixed, rooting and growth of green plants are facilitated, meanwhile, a water collection pit for collecting rainwater, the water collection grooves and a sprinkling irrigation mechanism are matched, and the remediation effect is better. The operation on the green plants is realized, and the normal growth of the green plants is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mine slope ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological environment restoration system and method suitable for high and steep mine slopes. Background Art

[0002] The high and steep slopes formed after mining have distinct topographical features, but are usually accompanied by problems such as single vegetation communities, severe soil erosion, and poor landform landscape effects. These problems together lead to an extremely fragile ecological environment. These areas often suffer from severe soil erosion, and the natural recovery process is very slow. Therefore, vegetation restoration on high and steep slopes has become a key task in the field of ecological restoration.

[0003] In the mining areas of closed open-pit mines, exposed slopes can often be observed. The microtopography of these slopes is different from the surrounding terrain and usually contains a small amount of soil, which provides relatively favorable conditions for plant growth. However, the slope is steep, and it is difficult for the soil to adhere to the slope to a certain thickness. In addition, the slope surface is smooth and hard, and the soil is easily eroded by rain. The roots of planted greening plants are difficult to take root on the surface of the rock slope and can only take root on the shotcrete layer, making it difficult for the greening plants to store water, making it difficult for the greening plants on the slope to survive. Therefore, in response to the above problems, it is necessary to propose an ecological environment restoration system that can collect rainwater to supply water to greening plants, has good soil fixation effect, and is convenient for greening plants to take root and grow. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological environment restoration system and method suitable for high and steep slopes in mines.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] Provided is an ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines, comprising a sump arranged on the slope, with a plurality of drainage ditches arranged outside the sump; a first planting area and a second planting area are arranged in sequence below the sump, vines or herbaceous plants are planted in the first planting area, and shrubs are planted in the second planting area; the first planting area comprises a plurality of dividing retaining walls fixed on the slope and honeycomb geogrids fixed between adjacent dividing retaining walls, the honeycomb geogrids are filled with nutrient soil for planting vines or herbaceous plants; the second planting area comprises planting troughs and sump tanks arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the planting troughs and the sump tanks are connected through a plurality of overflow holes.

[0007] Furthermore, the planting trough and the water collection trough both include a trough body steel frame, the trough body steel frame is filled with glass fiber reinforced concrete, and the bottom of the trough body steel frame is provided with trough body embedded steel bars embedded in the slope.

[0008] Furthermore, the planting trough is connected to the slope through the planting trough anchor rods, and the water collecting trough is connected to the slope through the water collecting trough anchor rods; the honeycomb geogrid is fixed on the slope through a plurality of grid anchor rods.

[0009] Furthermore, the partition retaining wall comprises a retaining wall steel bar skeleton, the retaining wall steel bar skeleton is filled with glass fiber reinforced concrete, and the bottom of the retaining wall steel bar skeleton is provided with retaining wall embedded steel bars embedded in the slope.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a sprinkler irrigation mechanism, which includes a water pump, a nozzle and a plurality of nozzles. The water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the water collecting tank, the water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the nozzle, and the plurality of nozzles are arranged on the nozzle, and the nozzle is arranged on the outer surface of the water collecting tank.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an electric energy collection device, which includes a solar panel and a battery, and the solar panel is arranged on the water collecting tank.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a sensor component arranged in the first planting area and the second planting area, and the sensor component includes a soil moisture sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil conductivity sensor and a plant multi-spectral sensor.

[0013] Furthermore, the shrub plant is at least one of Pyracantha fortuneana, Rosa microcarpa, Vitex negundo, Lespedeza bicolor, Magnolia multiflora, Sophora japonica, and Rosa multiflora.

[0014] Furthermore, the vine is at least one of ground fruit, bougainvillea, ground ivy, kudzu, wisteria, and eriophorum; the herb is at least one of wild chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, maidenhair fern, golden hair grass, Sichuan wormwood, and stone pepper.

[0015] A method for an ecological environment restoration system applicable to a high and steep slope of a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Divide the first planting area and the second planting area according to the height of the mine slope, construct a water collection pit above the first planting area, and lay out drainage ditches;

[0017] S2. In the first planting area, a retaining wall steel skeleton is implanted, and glass fiber reinforced concrete is poured to form a partition retaining wall; in the second planting area, a trough steel skeleton is implanted, and glass fiber reinforced concrete is poured to form a planting trough and a water collection trough, and an overflow hole is opened between the planting trough and the water collection trough;

[0018] S3. Install honeycomb geogrids between adjacent partition retaining walls and tie and fix the honeycomb geogrids with grid anchor rods;

[0019] S4. Install sensor components in the first planting area and the second planting area, and install sprinkler mechanisms and electric energy collection devices on the water collection tank;

[0020] S5. Fill the first planting area with nutrient soil to plant vines or herbaceous plants, and fill the second planting area with nutrient soil to plant shrubs;

[0021] S6: Apply 3-4kg / m in the first and second planting areas. 2 Organic fertilizer, which is a mixture of chicken manure and pig manure fermented together, is used to repair the high and steep slopes of the mine.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] The restoration system of the present invention is divided into a first planting area and several second planting areas. By separating retaining walls, honeycomb geogrids, planting troughs, and water collection tanks, a better soil solidification structure can be formed, which is convenient for fixing the soil and is conducive to the rooting and growth of greening plants. At the same time, it cooperates with the water collection pits, water collection tanks and sprinkler mechanisms for collecting rainwater to realize the operation of greening plants and ensure their normal growth.

[0024] The restoration system of the present invention, in combination with the restoration method, can increase the vegetation coverage rate of high and steep slopes, effectively reduce soil erosion, and enhance ecological benefits; reduce the initial investment and operation and maintenance costs of vegetation restoration, simplify the operation process, and improve work efficiency; avoid the visual pollution problems existing in traditional technologies, effectively improve the landscape, and promote the overall coordinated and harmonious development of the environment surrounding the mining area.

[0025] The drainage pit and water collection trough of the present invention cooperate with the sprinkler irrigation mechanism to collect rainwater for watering vegetation in daily life or in dry weather. The planting trough is provided with an overflow hole connected to the water collection trough to collect rainwater and prevent the shrubs in the planting trough from being flooded.

[0026] The present invention divides the high and steep slopes of the mine into several first planting areas and several second planting areas. The first planting areas are used to plant vines or herbaceous plants, and the second planting areas are used to plant shrubs. This makes the ecological restoration of the high and steep slopes of the mine more complete, and at the same time, the types of restored vegetation are complete, which has a better decorative effect on the high and steep slopes of the mine.

[0027] The first planting area and the second planting area of ​​the present invention are provided with sensor components, soil moisture sensors, soil temperature sensors, soil conductivity sensors and plant multi-spectral sensors, which facilitate remote monitoring of vegetation growth, soil moisture content and conductivity, so as to replenish water or fertilizer in time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in a side view direction.

[0030] The main components in the figure are described as follows:

[0031] 1. Slope; 2. Partition retaining wall; 3. Honeycomb geogrid; 4. Planting trough; 5. Water collection trough; 6. Nozzle; 7. Solar panel; 8. Grid anchor rod; 9. Planting trough anchor rod; 10. Water collection trough anchor rod; 11. Water collection pit; 12. Maintenance ladder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0033] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the ecological environment restoration system suitable for the high and steep slopes of mines includes a water collection pit 11 set on the slope 1, and a plurality of drainage grooves are set outside the water collection pit 11. The first planting area and the second planting area are arranged in sequence below the water collection pit 11. The first planting area is planted with vines or herbaceous plants, and the second planting area is planted with shrubs. The total vertical height of the first planting area and the second planting area does not exceed 12m. The first planting area and the second planting area are a unit, and the number of steps in each unit is the number of layers. According to the height of the high and steep slope of the mine, it is divided into several restoration units, such as Figure 1 , the steep slope of the mine is divided into two repair units in the horizontal direction and two repair units in the vertical direction. The shrub is preferably at least one of Pyracantha, Rosa microcarpa, Vitex negundo, Lespedeza fasciata, Magnolia multiflora, Sophora japonica, and Rosa multiflora. The vine is preferably at least one of Ground Fruit, Bougainvillea, Ground Brocade, Pueraria, Wisteria, and Elaeagnus oleifera. The herb is preferably at least one of Chrysanthemum indicum, Honeysuckle, Maidenhair Fern, Golden Hair Grass, Artemisia Sichuanensis, and Shihaijiao. The aforementioned shrubs, vines, and herbs are all drought-resistant, barren-resistant, and have well-developed root systems, and are suitable for native growth in the southwest region. The present invention can be used to repair the slopes of two major types of mine slopes, namely, the slope-to-top type and the stepped type. Among them, the planting holes of shrubs are determined at a spacing of 1m, the planting holes of vines are determined at a spacing of 2.5m, and the herb is planted by broadcasting.

[0034] The first planting area includes a plurality of partition retaining walls 2 fixed on the slope 1 and a honeycomb geogrid 3 fixed between adjacent partition retaining walls 2. The honeycomb geogrid 3 is filled with nutrient soil for planting vines or herbs. In another embodiment, eco-bags and eco-rods may be arranged between adjacent partition retaining walls 2 to replace the honeycomb geogrid 3. The eco-bags and eco-rods may also be used to fill nutrient soil for planting vines or herbs. The nutrient soil is composed of planting loam, biological organic fertilizer, lime, coarse sand or perlite. The volume ratio of planting loam, biological fermentation organic fertilizer, lime, coarse sand or perlite is (4-6): (1.5-2): (0.5-1): (2-3). After being fully mixed, they are filled into the honeycomb geogrid 3 to form an improved planting base with a certain porosity.

[0035] The second planting area includes a planting trough 4 and a water collecting trough 5 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the planting trough 4 and the water collecting trough 5 are connected by a number of overflow holes. Water is replenished by remote control according to the growth of vegetation. It can not only effectively prevent landslides caused by rain erosion, but also adapt to the climate characteristics of the southwest region, with obvious characteristics of rainy season and dry season. The planting trough 4 and the water collecting trough 5 both include a trough body steel bar skeleton, and the trough body steel bar skeleton is filled with glass fiber reinforced concrete. The bottom of the trough body steel bar skeleton is provided with a trough body embedded steel bar embedded in the slope 1. The trough body embedded steel bar is fixed to the slope 1 by means of embedded steel bars, and the trough body steel bar skeleton is implanted into the mountain body of the slope 1 through the trough body embedded steel bar, so that the planting trough 4 and the water collecting trough 5 are more firmly fixed.

[0036] The planting trough 4 is preferably connected to the slope 1 by a planting trough anchor rod 9, and the sump 5 is preferably connected to the slope 1 by a sump anchor rod 10. The honeycomb geogrid 3 is preferably fixed to the slope 1 by a plurality of grid anchor rods 8, and the honeycomb geogrid 3 is tied and fixed to the outside of the grid anchor rods 8. The planting trough anchor rods 9, the sump anchor rods 10, and the grid anchor rods 8 are all made of Q325 high-strength threaded steel with a diameter of 25mm. The length is determined according to the actual slope and is generally not less than 1m. The planting trough anchor rods 9, the sump anchor rods 10, and the grid anchor rods 8 are driven into the slope surface by a special drilling machine, and the distance between the anchor rod holes is 1-5m.

[0037] In this embodiment, the partition retaining wall 2 includes a retaining wall steel bar frame filled with glass fiber reinforced concrete, and the bottom of the retaining wall steel bar frame is provided with retaining wall embedded steel bars embedded in the slope 1. The retaining wall embedded steel bars are fixed to the slope 1 by means of embedded steel bars.

[0038] In this embodiment, a sprinkler irrigation mechanism is also included, which includes a water pump, a spray pipe and a plurality of nozzles 6. The water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the water collection tank 5, the water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the spray pipe, and the plurality of nozzles 6 are arranged on the spray pipe, and the spray pipe is arranged on the outer surface of the water collection tank 5. A sprinkler irrigation mechanism is installed on each water collection tank 5, and water is replenished by remote control according to the growth of vegetation, which can not only effectively prevent landslides caused by rain erosion, but also adapt to the climate characteristics of the southwest region, with obvious rainy and dry season characteristics.

[0039] In this embodiment, an electric energy collection device is also included, which includes a solar panel and a battery. The solar panel is arranged on the water collecting tank 5, and the battery is installed in a stainless steel box, which is filled and sealed with branches to ensure the sealing performance.

[0040] In this embodiment, it also includes a sensor component arranged in the first planting area and the second planting area, and the sensor component includes a soil moisture sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil conductivity sensor and a plant multi-spectral sensor. The soil moisture, soil temperature and soil conductivity data collected by the soil moisture sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil conductivity sensor are remotely transmitted to the monitoring end via wifi. Remotely monitor the growth of vegetation, soil moisture content and conductivity, and replenish water or fertilizer in time. The images obtained by the plant multi-spectral sensor can monitor the growth of vegetation in real time and evaluate the vegetation recovery status of multiple micro-topography. In terms of sensor power support, solar panels and batteries are used for power supply. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of light energy, a power sensor and a charging controller are added between the solar panel and the battery. When the power sensor detects that the solar energy is normally powered, the power is cut off and the solar energy is used for power supply.

[0041] In this embodiment, if Figure 1 A maintenance step ladder 12 is provided on the slope 1 to facilitate maintenance personnel to maintain vegetation on the mine slope at any time.

[0042] A method for an ecological environment restoration system applicable to a high and steep slope of a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Divide the first planting area and the second planting area according to the height of the mine slope, construct a water collection pit 11 above the first planting area, and lay out drainage grooves;

[0044] S2, implanting a retaining wall steel skeleton in the first planting area, and pouring glass fiber reinforced concrete to form a partition retaining wall 2; implanting a trough steel skeleton in the second planting area, and pouring glass fiber reinforced concrete to form a planting trough 4 and a water collection trough 5, and opening an overflow hole between the planting trough 4 and the water collection trough 5;

[0045] S3, arranging the honeycomb geogrid 3 between the adjacent partition retaining walls 2, and tying and fixing the honeycomb geogrid 3 with the grid anchor rods 8;

[0046] S4, installing sensor components in the first planting area and the second planting area, and installing a sprinkler mechanism and an electric energy collection device on the water collection tank 5;

[0047] S5. Fill the first planting area with nutrient soil to plant vines or herbaceous plants, and fill the second planting area with nutrient soil to plant shrubs;

[0048] S6: Apply 3-4kg / m in the first and second planting areas. 2 Organic fertilizer is used to provide the necessary nutrients needed for the initial growth of plants. Organic fertilizer is a mixture of chicken manure and pig manure fermented together. After fertilization, the high and steep slopes of the mine are repaired.

Claims

1. An ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines, characterized in that: It comprises a water collection pit (11) arranged on a slope (1), wherein a plurality of drainage grooves are arranged outside the water collection pit (11); A first planting area and a second planting area are arranged in sequence below the water collection pit (1), wherein vines or herbaceous plants are planted in the first planting area, and shrubs are planted in the second planting area; The first planting area comprises a plurality of partition retaining walls (2) fixed on the slope (1) and a honeycomb geogrid (3) fixed between adjacent partition retaining walls (2), wherein the honeycomb geogrid (3) is filled with nutrient soil for planting vines or herbaceous plants; The second planting area comprises a planting trough (4) and a water collecting trough (5) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the planting trough (4) and the water collecting trough (5) are connected via a plurality of overflow holes.

2. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The planting trough (4) and the water collection trough (5) both comprise a trough body steel reinforcement skeleton, the trough body steel reinforcement skeleton is filled with glass fiber reinforced concrete, and the bottom of the trough body steel reinforcement skeleton is provided with trough body embedded steel bars embedded in the slope (1).

3. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The planting trough (4) is connected to the side slope (1) via planting trough anchor rods (9), and the water collecting trough (5) is connected to the side slope (1) via water collecting trough anchor rods (10); the honeycomb geogrid (3) is fixed to the side slope (1) via a plurality of grid anchor rods (8).

4. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The partition retaining wall (2) comprises a retaining wall steel reinforcement skeleton, the retaining wall steel reinforcement skeleton is filled with glass fiber reinforced concrete, and the bottom of the retaining wall steel reinforcement skeleton is provided with retaining wall embedded steel reinforcements embedded in the slope (1).

5. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a sprinkler irrigation mechanism, which includes a water pump, a spray pipe and a plurality of spray heads (6), the water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the water collection tank (5), the water inlet end of the water pump is connected to the spray pipe, the plurality of spray heads (6) are arranged on the spray pipe, and the spray pipe is arranged on the outer surface of the water collection tank (5).

6. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also comprises an electric energy collection device, which comprises a solar panel and a storage battery, and the solar panel is arranged on the water collecting tank (5).

7. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes a sensor component arranged in the first planting area and the second planting area, and the sensor component includes a soil moisture sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil conductivity sensor and a plant multi-spectral sensor.

8. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shrub plant is at least one of Pyracantha fortuneana, Rosa microcarpa, Vitex negundo, Lespedeza bicolor, Magnolia multiflora, Sophora japonica, and Rosa multiflora.

9. The ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vine plant is at least one of ground fruit, bougainvillea, ground ivy, kudzu, wisteria, and eriophora; the herbaceous plant is at least one of wild chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, maidenhair fern, golden hair grass, Sichuan wormwood, and stone pepper.

10. A construction method for an ecological environment restoration system suitable for high and steep slopes of mines according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Divide the first planting area and the second planting area according to the height of the mine slope, construct a water collection pit (11) above the first planting area, and lay out drainage ditches; S2, implanting a retaining wall steel frame in the first planting area, and pouring glass fiber reinforced concrete to form a partition retaining wall (2); implanting a trough steel frame in the second planting area, and pouring glass fiber reinforced concrete to form a planting trough (4) and a water collection trough (5), and opening an overflow hole between the planting trough (4) and the water collection trough (5); S3, arranging a honeycomb geogrid (3) between adjacent partition retaining walls (2), and tying and fixing the honeycomb geogrid (3) with grid anchor rods (8); S4, installing sensor components in the first planting area and the second planting area, and installing a sprinkler mechanism and an electric energy collection device on the water collection tank (5); S5. Fill the first planting area with nutrient soil to plant vines or herbaceous plants, and fill the second planting area with nutrient soil to plant shrubs; S6: Apply 3-4kg / m in the first and second planting areas. 2 Organic fertilizer, which is a mixture of chicken manure and pig manure fermented together, is used to repair the high and steep slopes of the mine.

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