Automatically adjustable liquid impact resistant unloading structure of scroll compressor and working process of liquid impact resistant unloading structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a scroll compressor liquid impact resistant unloading structure capable of being automatically adjusted and a working process of the scroll compressor liquid impact resistant unloading structure, and relates to the technical field of scroll compressors, in particular to the scroll compressor liquid impact resistant unloading structure capable of being automatically adjusted under the condition that the scroll compressor is subjected to liquid impact and the working process of the scroll compressor liquid impact resistant unloading structure. A through hole and a blind hole are formed in an annular groove in the top of the unloading fixed vortex, and a steel ball is placed in the through hole; the blind hole is only used for limiting the spring not to do radial and downward displacement; a pressing plate, a backing ring and a V-shaped sealing ring are sequentially arranged on the neck portion of the unloading fixed vortex from bottom to top, packaging and positioning are conducted through a high-low-pressure partition plate, and layout isolation of a high-pressure cavity and a low-pressure cavity is achieved through matched limiting of the edge, the upper cover and the shell. According to the technical scheme, the problem that in the prior art, a supersaturated refrigerant enters a scroll cavity in a liquid state to be compressed, the volume is expanded to release a large amount of steam pressure at the moment of compression, and dynamic and static vortexes are impacted by strong pressure to cause fragmentation and overturning of the dynamic and static vortexes, so that the compressor loses efficacy is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses an automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and a working process thereof, and relates to the technical field of scroll compressors, and in particular to an automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and a working process thereof when liquid hammer occurs in the scroll compressor. Background Art

[0002] For scroll compressors, refrigerant is charged into the unit system carried by the compressor in large quantities as a working fluid. During the operation of the compressor, the refrigerant is sucked into the compressor in large quantities. Some supersaturated refrigerant enters the scroll cavity formed by the meshing of the moving and fixed scrolls in liquid form and is compressed. These liquid refrigerants expand in volume at the moment of compression and release a large amount of steam pressure. This suddenly released energy has nowhere to go, and can only impact the moving and fixed scrolls with strong pressure, causing them to break and overturn, resulting in failure of the compressor.

[0003] How to eliminate or utilize this powerful liquid impact force has become a common issue in the field of scroll compressors. In the past, a complete set of electromagnetic induction devices was installed in the unit system of the compressor. The liquid impact in the compressor was inferred and controlled by controlling the flow rate of refrigerant sucked into the compressor. The electromagnetic induction control device of this type is extremely expensive and has no economic benefits. It does not directly adjust the core compressor but indirectly controls it through the unit system. It cannot be efficiently and intuitively adjusted to the scroll disk of the compressor where the problem occurs. Moreover, this electromagnetic regulation technology adjusts the refrigerant flow rate, which will cause interception in the system and cause a large downward fluctuation in the unit capacity. Although it can also protect the compressor with a certain degree of lag, it sacrifices too much mechanical energy and kinetic energy, seriously wasting electric energy and production funds.

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, it is very necessary to study and design a new type of automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and its working process, so as to overcome the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] According to the above-mentioned prior art, some supersaturated refrigerants enter the vortex cavity formed by the meshing of the moving and fixed scrolls in liquid form and are compressed. These liquid refrigerants expand in volume at the moment of compression and release a large amount of steam pressure. This suddenly released energy has nowhere to go and can only impact the moving and fixed scrolls with strong pressure to cause them to break and overturn, resulting in the failure of the compressor. To solve the technical problem, an automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and its working process are provided. The present invention mainly utilizes a specially designed unloading passage and can automatically adjust the internal pressure. When liquid hammer occurs in the compressor vortex cavity, the high pressure generated by it is used to open the preset unloading structure to release energy, and then the unloading passage is automatically closed to restore the operating balance, which can ensure the continuous operation of the compressor under overload conditions.

[0006] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure comprises: a movable scroll, an unloading fixed scroll, a high-low pressure partition, an upper cover and a shell; the movable scroll and the unloading fixed scroll mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity; the high-low pressure partition is placed on the upper part of the unloading fixed scroll, and the edge cooperates with the upper cover and the shell to limit the position, so as to realize the layout isolation of the high-low pressure cavity;

[0008] Furthermore, a through hole is provided in the top annular groove of the unloading fixed scroll, axially connecting the scroll cavity and the low-pressure cavity of the compressor, the through hole is radially arranged at the top of the chamber of the scroll cavity, specifically positioned within the arc range of the scroll intermediate pressure cavity, and arranged at the starting end and the ending end of the intermediate pressure cavity; a steel ball is placed in the through hole;

[0009] Furthermore, a blind hole is provided in the annular groove at the top of the unloading fixed scroll. The blind hole has no axial connection function and is only used for the limit spring to not move radially and downward. The blind hole is radially placed within the range of the circular area coverage of the pressure plate. In order to balance the force, the blind hole is provided at two centrally symmetrical positions.

[0010] Furthermore, a pressure plate, a gasket and a V-shaped sealing ring are sequentially arranged on the neck of the unloading fixed scroll from bottom to top, and the packaging and positioning are performed through the high and low pressure partitions, and the layout isolation of the high and low pressure chambers is achieved through the edge, the upper cover and the shell.

[0011] Furthermore, the gravity of the spring in the natural state falls into the blind hole, and the elastic support pressure plate is suspended between the upper surface of the unloading fixed scroll and the lower surface of the high and low pressure partition plate to limit the position;

[0012] Furthermore, the steel ball falls into the through hole under the action of gravity in a natural state, and there is a gap between the high point of the ball and the lower side surface of the pressing plate without contact.

[0013] Furthermore, the unloading fixed scroll, the pressure plate, the gasket, the V-shaped sealing ring, the high-pressure and low-pressure partitions, the upper cover and the shell are concentric structures.

[0014] Furthermore, when the refrigerant is filled and compressed, the pressure in the vortex cavity gradually increases during the spiral compression process from the outermost side to the center. It is initially a low pressure, reaches an intermediate pressure when the through holes and blind holes of the fixed vortex are unloaded, and reaches the highest pressure state in the vortex cavity at the center of the circle.

[0015] Furthermore, the working process of the automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure is as follows:

[0016] S1. When the compressor is filled with refrigerant to the initial low pressure, the pressure on the upper surface of the pressure plate is greater than its own gravity and the elastic support force provided by the spring on its lower surface. At this time, the pressure plate will float downward to the high point of the steel ball to obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force to achieve balance. At this time, the pressure plate will completely press the steel ball, and the movable vortex and the unloading fixed vortex will mesh with each other to form a vortex cavity in a completely closed state. The spring is in a contracted state and continues to provide upward elastic support to the pressure plate. This is the initial state;

[0017] S2, when the compressor starts to be powered on, the movable scroll and the unloading fixed scroll mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity to start compressing the initially charged refrigerant, and the steel ball is subjected to the middle pressure of the scroll cavity through the through hole of the unloading fixed scroll where it is placed. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure of the compressor is: spring elastic support force + middle pressure of the scroll cavity + rigid support force of the unloading fixed scroll = high pressure + V-shaped sealing ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball gravity, which is in a dynamic equilibrium state and the steel ball does not float, which is a balanced state;

[0018] S3. When liquid refrigerant enters the intermediate pressure chamber of the vortex cavity for compression, the liquid refrigerant will quickly evaporate into small molecular vapor and release a large amount of energy due to its physical properties. The instantaneous surge in the intermediate pressure will break the dynamic balance of the steel ball when the compressor is operating normally. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure during overload operation is: spring elastic support force + the intermediate pressure of the vortex cavity after the surge > high pressure pressure + V-shaped sealing ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball gravity. The steel ball will float upward to make the unloading fixed vortex provided with a through hole connecting the low-pressure cavity and the intermediate pressure cavity unloading passage open, and a large amount of supersaturated refrigerant vapor accumulated in the intermediate pressure cavity is quickly released into the low-pressure cavity, quickly unloading the overpressure overload energy caused by the compressor liquid shock to ensure that the compressor vortex cavity works normally without damage. At the same time, the released pressure does not escape from the compressor but returns to the low-pressure cavity to increase the initial low-pressure pressure, thereby increasing the basic energy of the compressor before work is performed. The capacity of the refrigerant after compression is also greater, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the compressor. This is the unloading state.

[0019] S4, the steel ball floats upward to open the unloading passage connecting the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate pressure chamber through the through hole. The limit of the steel ball floating upward is that its high point contacts the lower surface of the pressure plate. At this time, the steel ball is at the depth of the annular groove that has not separated from the unloading fixed vortex. The annular groove is designed to prevent radial centrifugal deviation during the floating process of the steel ball, which makes it unable to fall back to the through hole naturally after the unloading is completed.

[0020] S5. When the unloading process is completed, the low-pressure chamber receives the unloaded ultra-high-pressure refrigerant steam, and its pressure is increased. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure is: spring elastic support force + vortex cavity intermediate pressure < low-pressure chamber pressure + V-shaped sealing ring, gasket, pressure plate, steel ball gravity sum. The pressure plate and steel ball will fall back down to the through hole until they obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force again, and return to the balance state described in claim 5, completing an unloading action; if the compressor liquid hammer occurs again, the above-mentioned unloading structure can still actively act to complete the periodic unloading to ensure the normal operation of the compressor.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention do not require additional control power supply, and can actively adjust and start only by relying on the pre-set flexible mechanical structure to unload the large amount of energy generated by liquid hammer. Compared with the existing electromagnetic equipment, the cost is greatly reduced, the production economy is improved, and the equipment control cost is reduced.

[0023] 2. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention are adjusted directly in the scroll cavity where the liquid hammer occurs. Once the problem occurs, the unloading structure can be automatically started in response, without transmitting electrical signals to the outside of the compressor and then feeding back to the unit system carried by the compressor for adjustment after analysis by a logic controller outside the equipment. The real-time adjustment capability is enhanced to the highest extent, so that the compressor can obtain the most timely unloading protection;

[0024] 3. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention will not reduce the compressor's working capacity, but will improve the compressor's energy efficiency, because it does not rely on the refrigerant input in the interception system to adjust the load of the compressor during liquid hammer, but converts the powerful energy released during liquid hammer to participate in a new working cycle, thereby increasing the basic working energy after liquid hammer unloading, making it easier to obtain a high output return ratio. In addition, not participating in the unit system regulation can also protect the regulating life of the unit regulating valve to the maximum extent, and will not increase the unnecessary burden on the overall equipment due to the common liquid hammer problem of the compressor;

[0025] 4. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention do not limit the occurrence of common liquid hammer problems, but allow liquid hammer to occur and unload the energy generated by it, without limiting the working conditions of the unit system and the ambient temperature of the compressor. At the same time, whenever the analog compressor obtains a high-load working condition, it can release energy through the anti-liquid hammer unloading structure, thereby effectively protecting the reliability of the compressor;

[0026] 5. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention also solve the problems in the prior art of high equipment cost, overly complex equipment structure, untimely adjustment response, reduced compressor capacity, increased unnecessary burden on the unit, and failure to effectively improve the reliability of the compressor.

[0027] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention solves the problem in the prior art that some supersaturated refrigerants enter the vortex cavity formed by the meshing of the movable and fixed vortices in liquid state and are compressed. These liquid refrigerants expand in volume at the moment of compression and release a large amount of vapor pressure. This suddenly released energy has nowhere to go and can only impact the movable and fixed vortices with strong pressure, causing them to break and overturn, resulting in failure of the compressor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the unloading fixed scroll of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top view of the unloading fixed scroll of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the initial and equilibrium state structures of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the unloading state of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1, movable scroll 2, unloading fixed scroll 2-1, through hole 2-2, blind hole 2-3, neck 2-4, annular groove 3, spring 4, steel ball 5, pressure plate 6, gasket 7, V-shaped sealing ring 8, high and low pressure partitions 9, upper cover 10, shell 101, scroll cavity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0038] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be regarded as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0040] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0041] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides an automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure, comprising: a movable scroll 1, an unloading fixed scroll 2, a high-low pressure partition 8, an upper cover 9 and a shell 10; the movable scroll 1 and the unloading fixed scroll 2 are meshed with each other to form a scroll cavity 101; the high-low pressure partition 8 is placed on the upper part of the unloading fixed scroll 2, and the edge cooperates with the upper cover 9 and the shell 10 to limit the layout of the high and low pressure cavities;

[0043] A through hole 2-1 is provided in the top annular groove 2-4 of the unloading fixed scroll 2, axially connecting the scroll cavity 101 and the compressor low-pressure cavity. The through hole 2-1 is radially arranged at the top of the scroll cavity, specifically positioned within the arc range of the scroll intermediate pressure cavity, and arranged at the starting end and the ending end of the intermediate pressure cavity; a steel ball 4 is placed in the through hole 2-1;

[0044] A blind hole 2-2 is also provided in the top annular groove 2-4 of the unloading fixed scroll 2. The blind hole 2-2 does not have a connection function in the axial direction and is only used for the limit spring 3 not to move radially and downward. It is radially placed within the range of the circular area coverage of the pressure plate 5. In order to balance the force, the blind hole 2-2 is set at two centrally symmetrical positions.

[0045] A pressure plate 5, a gasket 6 and a V-shaped sealing ring 7 are arranged on the neck 2-3 of the unloading fixed scroll 2 from bottom to top, and the high and low pressure partitions 8 are used for packaging and positioning, and the edges are limited by the upper cover 9 and the shell 10 to achieve layout isolation of the high and low pressure chambers;

[0046] In the natural state, the spring 3 falls into the blind hole 2-2 due to gravity, and the elastic support pressure plate 5 is suspended between the upper surface of the unloading fixed scroll 2 and the lower surface of the high and low pressure partition 8; in the natural state, the steel ball 4 falls into the through hole 2-1 due to gravity, and there is a gap between the high point of the ball and the lower surface of the pressure plate 5 without contact.

[0047] The unloading fixed scroll 2, the pressure plate 5, the gasket 6, the V-shaped sealing ring 7, the high- and low-pressure partitions 8, the upper cover 9 and the housing 10 are of a concentric structure.

[0048] During the spiral compression process from the outermost side to the center when the refrigerant is filled and compressed, the pressure in the vortex cavity 101 gradually increases. It is a low pressure initially, and reaches an intermediate pressure at the through hole 2-1 and the blind hole 2-2 set in the fixed vortex 2 when it is unloaded, and reaches the highest pressure state in the vortex cavity 101 at the center of the circle.

[0049] The working process of the automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure is as follows:

[0050] S1. When the compressor is filled with refrigerant to the initial low pressure, the pressure on the upper surface of the pressure plate 5 is greater than its own gravity and the elastic support force provided by the spring 3 on its lower surface. At this time, the pressure plate 5 will float downward to the high point of the steel ball 4 to obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force to achieve balance. At this time, the pressure plate 5 will completely press the steel ball 4, and the movable vortex 1 and the unloading fixed vortex 2 will mesh with each other to form a vortex cavity 1-1 in a completely closed state. The spring 3 is in a contracted state and continues to provide upward elastic support to the pressure plate 5. This is the initial state;

[0051] S2, when the compressor starts to be powered on, the movable scroll 1 and the unloading fixed scroll 2 mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity 101 to start compressing the initially charged refrigerant, and the steel ball 4 is subjected to the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity 101 through the through hole 2-1 of the unloading fixed scroll 2 where it is placed. At this time, the mechanical balance of the compressor unloading structure is: the elastic support force of the spring 3 + the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity 101 + the rigid support force of the unloading fixed scroll = the high pressure + the sum of the V-shaped sealing ring, the gasket, the pressure plate, and the weight of the steel ball, which is in a dynamic equilibrium state and the steel ball 4 does not float, which is a balanced state;

[0052] S3. When liquid refrigerant enters the intermediate pressure chamber of the vortex cavity for compression, the liquid refrigerant will quickly evaporate into small molecule vapor and release a large amount of energy due to its physical properties. The instantaneous surge in intermediate pressure will break the dynamic balance of the steel ball 4 when the compressor is operating normally. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure during overload operation is: the elastic support force of the spring 3 + the intermediate pressure of the vortex cavity 101 after the surge > the high pressure pressure + the sum of the V-shaped sealing ring, the gasket, the pressure plate, and the gravity of the steel ball. The steel ball 4 will float upward to make the unloading fixed vortex 2 have a through hole 2-1 connecting the low-pressure cavity and the intermediate pressure cavity. The unloading passage is opened, and a large amount of supersaturated refrigerant vapor accumulated in the intermediate pressure cavity is quickly released into the low-pressure cavity, quickly unloading the overpressure overload energy caused by the compressor liquid shock to ensure that the compressor vortex cavity 1-1 works normally without damage. At the same time, the released pressure does not escape from the compressor but returns to the low-pressure cavity to increase the initial low-pressure pressure, increase the basic energy of the compressor before work, and the capacity of the refrigerant after compression is also greater, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the compressor. This is the unloading state.

[0053] S4, the steel ball 4 floats upward so that the through hole 2-1 connects the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate-pressure chamber to open the unloading passage. The limit of the upward floating of the steel ball 4 is that its high point contacts the lower surface of the pressure plate 5. At this time, the steel ball 4 has not escaped from the depth of the annular groove 2-4 of the fixed scroll 2 during unloading. The annular groove 2-4 is designed to prevent radial centrifugal deviation during the floating process of the steel ball 4, resulting in the inability to naturally fall back into the through hole (2-1) after unloading.

[0054] S5. When the unloading process is completed, the low-pressure chamber receives the unloaded ultra-high-pressure refrigerant steam, and its pressure is increased. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure is: the elastic support force of the spring 3 + the intermediate pressure of the vortex cavity 1-1 < the low-pressure chamber pressure + the sum of the gravity of the V-shaped sealing ring, the gasket, the pressure plate, and the steel ball. The pressure plate 5 and the steel ball 4 will fall back downward to the through hole 2-1 until they obtain a new unloading rigid support force of the fixed vortex 2 again, and return to the balanced state described in claim 5, completing an unloading action; if the compressor liquid hammer occurs again, the above-mentioned unloading structure can still actively act to complete the periodic unloading to ensure the normal operation of the compressor.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure, comprising: A movable scroll (1), an unloading fixed scroll (2), a high-low pressure partition (8), an upper cover (9) and a shell (10); the movable scroll (1) and the unloading fixed scroll (2) mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity (101); the high-low pressure partition (8) is placed on the upper part of the unloading fixed scroll (2), and the edge cooperates with the upper cover (9) and the shell (10) to limit the layout of the high and low pressure cavities; the characteristics are: A through hole (2-1) is provided in the top annular groove (2-4) of the unloading fixed scroll (2), axially connecting the scroll cavity (101) and the low-pressure cavity of the compressor, and the through hole (2-1) is radially arranged at the top of the vortex cavity, specifically positioned within the arc range of the vortex intermediate pressure cavity, and arranged at the starting end and the ending end of the intermediate pressure cavity; a steel ball (4) is placed in the through hole (2-1); A blind hole (2-2) is also provided in the annular groove (2-4) at the top of the unloading fixed scroll (2). The blind hole (2-2) has no axial connection function and is only used for preventing the limit spring (3) from moving radially and downward. The blind hole (2-2) is radially arranged within the range of the circular area coverage of the pressure plate (5). In order to balance the force, two centrally symmetrical positions of the blind hole (2-2) are provided. A pressure plate (5), a gasket (6) and a V-shaped sealing ring (7) are sequentially arranged on the neck (2-3) of the unloading fixed scroll (2) from bottom to top, and are packaged and positioned by a high- and low-pressure partition (8), and the layout isolation of the high- and low-pressure chambers is achieved by the edge, the upper cover (9) and the shell (10) being limited; The spring (3) falls into the blind hole (2-2) under the action of gravity in a natural state, and the elastic support pressure plate (5) is suspended between the upper surface of the unloading fixed scroll (2) and the lower surface of the high-low pressure partition (8) to limit the position; The steel ball (4) falls into the through hole (2-1) under the action of gravity in a natural state, and there is a gap between the high point of the ball and the lower surface of the pressing plate (5) without contact.

2. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unloading fixed scroll (2), the pressure plate (5), the gasket (6), the V-shaped sealing ring (7), the high- and low-pressure partitions (8), the upper cover (9) and the shell (10) are of a concentric structure.

3. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the spiral compression process from the outermost side to the center when the refrigerant is filled and compressed, the pressure of the vortex cavity (101) gradually increases. It is a low pressure at the beginning, and reaches an intermediate pressure at the through hole (2-1) and the blind hole (2-2) provided for the unloading fixed vortex (2). The highest pressure state in the vortex cavity (101) is reached at the center of the circle.

4. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working process of the automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid hammer unloading structure is as follows: S1. When the compressor is filled with refrigerant to the initial low pressure, the pressure on the upper surface of the pressure plate (5) is greater than its own weight and the elastic support force provided by the spring (3) on its lower surface. At this time, the pressure plate (5) will float downward to the high point of the steel ball (4) to obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force to achieve balance. At this time, the pressure plate (5) will completely press the steel ball (4), and the movable vortex (1) and the unloading fixed vortex (2) will mesh with each other to form a vortex cavity (1-1) in a completely closed state. The spring (3) is in a contracted state and continues to provide upward elastic support to the pressure plate (5). This is the initial state; S2, when the compressor starts to be powered on, the movable scroll (1) and the unloading fixed scroll (2) mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity (101) and start to compress the initially charged refrigerant, and the steel ball (4) is subjected to the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity (101) through the through hole (2-1) of the unloading fixed scroll (2) in which it is placed. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure of the compressor is: the elastic support force of the spring (3) + the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity (101) + the rigid support force of the unloading fixed scroll = the high pressure + the sum of the weight of the V-shaped sealing ring, the gasket, the pressure plate, and the steel ball, which is in a dynamic equilibrium state and the steel ball (4) does not float. This is a balanced state; S3. When liquid refrigerant enters the intermediate pressure chamber of the vortex cavity and is compressed, the liquid refrigerant will quickly evaporate into small molecular steam and release a large amount of energy due to its physical properties. The instantaneous surge in intermediate pressure will break the dynamic balance of the steel ball (4) when the compressor is operating normally. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure during overload operation is: the elastic support force of the spring (3) + the intermediate pressure of the vortex cavity (101) after the surge > the high pressure pressure + the sum of the V-shaped sealing ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball gravity. The steel ball (4) will float upward to unload the fixed vortex (2) setting. The unloading passage of the through hole (2-1) connecting the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate-pressure chamber is opened, and a large amount of supersaturated refrigerant vapor accumulated in the intermediate-pressure chamber is quickly released into the low-pressure chamber, and the overpressure overload energy caused by the compressor liquid hammer is quickly unloaded to ensure that the compressor vortex cavity (1-1) works normally without damage. At the same time, the released pressure does not escape from the compressor but returns to the low-pressure chamber to increase the initial low-pressure pressure, thereby increasing the basic energy of the compressor before work is performed. The capacity of the refrigerant after compression is also greater, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the compressor. This is the unloading state; S4, the steel ball (4) floats upward so that the through hole (2-1) connects the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate-pressure chamber to open the unloading passage. The limit of the upward floating of the steel ball (4) is that its highest point contacts the lower surface of the pressure plate (5). At this time, the steel ball (4) has not escaped from the depth of the annular groove (2-4) of the fixed scroll (2) during unloading. The annular groove (2-4) is designed to prevent radial centrifugal deviation during the floating process of the steel ball (4), resulting in the inability to naturally fall back into the through hole (2-1) after unloading. S5. When the unloading process is completed, the low-pressure chamber receives the unloaded ultra-high-pressure refrigerant steam, and its pressure is increased. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure is: the elastic support force of the spring (3) + the intermediate pressure of the vortex cavity (1-1) < the low-pressure chamber pressure + the sum of the weight of the V-shaped sealing ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The pressure plate (5) and the steel ball (4) will fall back downward to the through hole (2-1) until they obtain a new unloading fixed vortex (2) rigid support force again, and return to the equilibrium state described in claim 5, completing an unloading action; if the compressor liquid hammer occurs again, the above-mentioned unloading structure can still actively act to complete the periodic unloading to ensure the normal operation of the compressor.

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