Self-adjustable anti-liquid-knock unloading structure of scroll compressor and working process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an automatically-adjustable anti-liquid-impact unloading structure of a scroll compressor and a working process thereof, and relates to the technical field of scroll compressors, in particular to an automatically-adjustable anti-liquid-impact unloading structure of a scroll compressor and a working process thereof in the case of liquid impact of the scroll compressor. A through hole and a blind hole are arranged in a top annular groove of an unloading fixed scroll, a steel ball is arranged in the through hole, the blind hole is only used for limiting a spring and does not displace in a radial direction and downward, a pressing plate, a gasket ring and a V-shaped sealing ring are sequentially arranged on a neck of the unloading fixed scroll from bottom to top, the unloading fixed scroll is encapsulated and positioned through a high-low pressure partition plate, and the high-low pressure cavities are arranged and isolated through limiting of the edge, the upper cover and the shell, so that the problem that oversaturated refrigerant enters a scroll cavity in a liquid state to be compressed, a large amount of steam pressure is released in a volume expansion in an instant of compression, a dynamic fixed scroll is impacted by strong pressure to be broken and overturned, and the scroll compressor is failed is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an automatically adjustable anti-liquid slugging structure for a scroll compressor and its working process, and particularly to an automatically adjustable anti-liquid slugging structure for a scroll compressor and its working process in the event of liquid slugging. Background Technology

[0002] For scroll compressors, refrigerant is used as the working fluid and is introduced into the compressor unit system in large quantities. During the operation of the compressor, a large amount of refrigerant is drawn into the compressor. Some supersaturated refrigerant enters the scroll cavity formed by the meshing of the moving and fixed scrolls in liquid state and is compressed. When these liquid refrigerants are compressed, their volume expands and releases a large amount of vapor pressure. This suddenly released energy has nowhere to go and can only impact the moving and fixed scrolls with strong pressure, causing them to break and overturn, leading to compressor failure.

[0003] How to eliminate or utilize this powerful liquid slugging force has become a common problem in the field of scroll compressors. Previous technologies used a whole set of electromagnetic induction devices installed in the unit system on which the compressor is mounted. By controlling the flow of refrigerant drawn into the compressor, the liquid slugging situation inside the compressor was inferred and controlled. This kind of electromagnetic induction control device is extremely expensive and not economical. Moreover, it does not directly regulate the core compressor but indirectly controls it through the unit system. It cannot efficiently and intuitively regulate the scroll plate of the compressor where the problem occurs. Furthermore, this electromagnetic regulation technology will cause flow interception in the system when adjusting the refrigerant flow, causing a large drop in the unit's capacity. Although it can protect the compressor to a certain extent with a lag, it sacrifices too much mechanical and kinetic energy, seriously wasting electrical energy and production funds.

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, it is necessary to study and design a new type of automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure and its working process, so as to overcome the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The existing technology addresses the problem that some supersaturated refrigerants, in liquid form, enter the vortex cavity formed by the meshing of moving and fixed vortices during compression. This liquid refrigerant expands instantaneously during compression, releasing a large amount of vapor pressure. This suddenly released energy has nowhere to go but impacts the moving and fixed vortices with powerful pressure, causing them to shatter and overturn, leading to compressor failure. This invention provides an automatically adjustable anti-liquid slugging unloading structure for vortex compressors and its working process. The invention primarily utilizes a specially designed unloading path that can automatically adjust to adapt to internal pressure. When liquid slugging occurs within the compressor's vortex cavity, the generated high pressure opens a preset unloading structure to release energy. Afterward, the unloading path automatically closes to restore operational balance, ensuring continuous compressor operation under overload conditions.

[0006] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0007] An automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure includes: a moving scroll, an unloading stationary scroll, a high and low pressure partition, a top cover, and a housing; the moving scroll and the unloading stationary scroll mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity; the high and low pressure partition is placed on top of the unloading stationary scroll and is limited by its edge cooperating with the top cover and the housing to achieve layout isolation of the high and low pressure cavities;

[0008] Furthermore, a through hole is provided in the top annular groove of the unloading vortex, which axially connects the vortex cavity and the compressor low-pressure cavity. The through hole is radially located at the top of the vortex cavity, specifically within the arc range of the intermediate pressure cavity of the vortex, and is located at the beginning and end of the intermediate pressure cavity. A steel ball is placed in the through hole.

[0009] Furthermore, a blind hole is provided in the top annular groove of the unloading fixed vortex. The blind hole does not have an axial communication function and is only used to limit the spring from radial and downward displacement. The radial position is within the area covered by the circular area of ​​the pressure plate. In order to balance the force, the blind hole is set in two centrally symmetrical positions.

[0010] Furthermore, from bottom to top, pressure plates, gaskets, and V-shaped sealing rings are arranged on the neck of the unloading vortex. The high and low pressure chambers are sealed and positioned by high and low pressure partitions, and the layout isolation of the high and low pressure chambers is achieved by limiting the movement of the edges in conjunction with the top cover and the housing.

[0011] Furthermore, under the influence of gravity, the spring falls into the blind hole in its natural state, and the elastic support plate is suspended between the upper surface of the unloading fixed vortex and the lower surface of the high and low pressure partition, thus limiting its position.

[0012] Furthermore, under natural conditions, the steel ball falls into the through hole due to gravity, and there is a gap between the highest point of the ball and the lower surface of the pressure plate, meaning they do not contact each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the unloading vortex, pressure plate, gasket, V-shaped seal, high and low pressure partition, top cover, and housing are all concentric structures.

[0014] Furthermore, during the refrigerant filling and compression process, the pressure in the vortex cavity gradually increases from the outermost side to the center during the spiral compression process. Initially, it is a low pressure, and it reaches an intermediate pressure when the through hole and blind hole set by the fixed vortex are unloaded. Finally, it reaches the highest pressure state in the vortex cavity at the center.

[0015] Furthermore, the working process of the automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure is as follows:

[0016] S1. When the compressor is charged with refrigerant to the initial low pressure, the pressure on the upper surface of the pressure plate is greater than its own weight and the elastic support force provided by the spring on its lower surface. At this time, the pressure plate will float down to the high point of the steel ball and obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force to achieve balance. At this time, the pressure plate will completely press the steel ball, and the moving vortex and the unloading fixed vortex will mesh with each other to form a vortex cavity in a completely closed state. The spring is in a contracted state and continues to provide upward elastic support to the pressure plate. This is the initial state.

[0017] S2. When the compressor starts to operate, the moving scroll and the unloading fixed scroll mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity and begin to compress the initially charged refrigerant. The steel ball bears the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity through the unloading fixed scroll through its through hole. At this time, the mechanical balance of the compressor unloading structure is: spring elastic support force + scroll cavity intermediate pressure + unloading fixed scroll rigid support force = high pressure + weight of V-ring seal, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The steel ball is in a dynamic equilibrium state and does not float. This is the equilibrium state.

[0018] S3. When liquid refrigerant enters the intermediate pressure chamber of the scroll compressor and is compressed, the liquid refrigerant will rapidly evaporate into small molecule vapor and release a large amount of energy due to its physical properties. The instantaneous surge in intermediate pressure will break the dynamic equilibrium of the steel ball when the compressor is running normally. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure under overload operation is: spring elastic support force + surged intermediate pressure of the scroll compressor > high pressure + weight of V-ring seal, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The steel ball will float upward, opening the unloading passage between the unloading scroll and the low pressure chamber. A large amount of supersaturated refrigerant vapor accumulated in the intermediate pressure chamber is quickly released into the low pressure chamber, quickly unloading the overpressure and overload energy brought by the liquid slugging of the compressor to ensure the normal operation of the scroll compressor without damage. At the same time, the released pressure does not escape from the compressor but returns to the low pressure chamber, increasing the initial low pressure and increasing the basic energy of the compressor before it does work. The refrigerant compression capacity is also greater, improving the compressor's energy efficiency. This is the unloading state.

[0019] S4. The steel ball floats upward, opening the unloading passage between the through hole and the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate pressure chamber. The limit of the steel ball's upward float is when its highest point contacts the lower surface of the pressure plate. At this time, the steel ball has not yet left the depth of the annular groove of the unloading vortex. The annular groove is designed to prevent the steel ball from shifting radially during the upward floating process, which would prevent it from falling back into the through hole naturally after unloading.

[0020] S5. After the unloading process is completed, the low-pressure chamber receives the unloaded ultra-high pressure refrigerant vapor, and its pressure increases. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure is: spring elastic support force + vortex cavity intermediate pressure < low-pressure chamber pressure + gravity of V-ring seal, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The pressure plate and steel ball will fall back into the through hole until they obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force again, returning to the balance state of step S2, and completing one unloading action. If compressor liquid slugging occurs again, the above unloading structure can still actively complete periodic unloading to ensure the normal operation of the compressor.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure and its working process provided by this invention do not require an additional control power supply. They can actively adjust and start up, unloading the large amount of energy generated by liquid slugging, relying solely on a pre-set flexible mechanical structure. Compared to existing electromagnetic devices, this significantly reduces costs, improves production economy, and lowers equipment control costs.

[0023] 2. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention directly adjust within the scroll cavity where liquid slugging occurs. Once a problem occurs, it can quickly respond and automatically start the unloading structure. It does not need to transmit electrical signals to the outside of the compressor and then have them analyzed by the logic controller outside the equipment and fed back to the unit system on which the compressor is mounted for adjustment. The real-time adjustment capability is maximized, so that the compressor receives the most timely unloading protection.

[0024] 3. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure and its working process provided by this invention will not reduce the compressor's work capacity. On the contrary, it will improve the compressor's energy efficiency. This is because it does not rely on the refrigerant input in the throttling system to adjust the compressor's load during liquid slugging. Instead, it converts the powerful energy released during liquid slugging to participate in a new work cycle, thereby increasing the basic energy of work after liquid slugging unloading and making it easier to obtain a high output return ratio. In addition, not participating in the unit system adjustment can also maximize the protection of the unit's regulating valve's adjustment life and will not increase the unnecessary burden on the overall equipment due to the common liquid slugging problem of compressors.

[0025] 4. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention do not restrict the occurrence of common liquid slugging problems, but allow liquid slugging to occur and unload the energy generated therefrom. It does not need to restrict the operating conditions of the unit system and the ambient temperature of the compressor. At the same time, the analog compressor can release energy through the anti-liquid slugging unloading structure whenever it gets a high load, effectively protecting the reliability of the compressor.

[0026] 5. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure and its working process provided by the present invention also solve the problems of high equipment cost, overly complex equipment structure, untimely adjustment response, reduced compressor capacity, unnecessary burden on the unit, and inability to effectively improve compressor reliability in the prior art.

[0027] In summary, the technical solution of this invention solves the problem in the prior art where some supersaturated refrigerants enter the vortex cavity formed by the meshing of moving and fixed vortices in a liquid state for compression. These liquid refrigerants expand in volume and release a large amount of vapor pressure at the moment of compression. This suddenly released energy has nowhere to go and can only impact the moving and fixed vortices with strong pressure, causing them to break and overturn, leading to compressor failure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a top view of the unloading fixed vortex of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top view of the unloading vortex of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the initial and equilibrium states of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading state structure of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Moving vortex 2. Unloading fixed vortex 2-1. Through hole 2-2. Blind hole 2-3. Neck 2-4. Annular groove 3. Spring 4. Steel ball 5. Pressure plate 6. Washer ring 7. V-shaped sealing ring 8. High and low pressure partition 9. Top cover 10. Housing 101. Vortex cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0035] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0038] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0040] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0042] As shown in the figure, the present invention provides an automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure, including: a moving scroll 1, an unloading stationary scroll 2, a high and low pressure partition 8, an upper cover 9, and a housing 10; the moving scroll 1 and the unloading stationary scroll 2 mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity 101; the high and low pressure partition 8 is placed on the upper part of the unloading stationary scroll 2, and is limited by its edge cooperating with the upper cover 9 and the housing 10 to achieve layout isolation of the high and low pressure cavities;

[0043] A through hole 2-1 is provided in the top annular groove 2-4 of the unloading fixed vortex 2, which axially connects the vortex cavity 101 and the low-pressure chamber of the compressor. The through hole 2-1 is radially located at the top of the vortex cavity, specifically within the arc range of the intermediate pressure chamber of the vortex, and is located at the beginning and end of the intermediate pressure chamber. A steel ball 4 is placed in the through hole 2-1.

[0044] A blind hole 2-2 is also provided in the top annular groove 2-4 of the unloading fixed vortex 2. The blind hole 2-2 does not have an axial communication function and is only used to limit the spring 3 from radial and downward displacement. The radial part is placed within the area covered by the circular area of ​​the pressure plate 5. In order to balance the force, the blind hole 2-2 is set in two centrally symmetrical positions.

[0045] The neck 2-3 of the unloading fixed vortex 2 is provided with a pressure plate 5, a gasket 6 and a V-shaped sealing ring 7 from bottom to top. It is sealed and positioned by the high and low pressure partition 8, and the high and low pressure chambers are isolated by the cooperation of the edge with the upper cover 9 and the housing 10.

[0046] In its natural state, spring 3 falls into blind hole 2-2 under the action of gravity, and elastic support plate 5 is suspended between the upper surface of unloading fixed vortex 2 and the lower surface of high and low pressure partition 8 for limitation; steel ball 4 falls into through hole 2-1 under the action of gravity in its natural state, and there is a gap between the high point of the ball and the lower surface of pressure plate 5 so that they do not contact each other.

[0047] The unloading vortex 2, pressure plate 5, gasket 6, V-shaped sealing ring 7, high and low pressure partition 8, top cover 9 and shell 10 are concentric structures.

[0048] During the refrigerant filling and compression process, the pressure of the vortex cavity 101 gradually increases from the outermost side to the center during the spiral compression process. Initially, it is a low pressure, and it reaches an intermediate pressure when it reaches the through hole 2-1 and blind hole 2-2 set by the unloading fixed vortex 2. Finally, it reaches the highest pressure state inside the vortex cavity 101 at the center.

[0049] The working process of the automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure is as follows:

[0050] S1. When the compressor is charged with refrigerant to the initial low pressure, the pressure on the upper surface of the pressure plate 5 is greater than its own weight and the elastic support force provided by the spring 3 on its lower surface. At this time, the pressure plate 5 will float down to the high point of the steel ball 4 to obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force to achieve balance. At this time, the pressure plate 5 will completely press the steel ball 4. The moving vortex 1 and the unloading fixed vortex 2 mesh with each other to form the vortex cavity 101 in a completely closed state. The spring 3 is in a contracted state and continues to provide upward elastic support to the pressure plate 5. This is the initial state.

[0051] S2. When the compressor starts to operate, the moving scroll 1 and the unloading fixed scroll 2 mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity 101, which begins to compress the initially charged refrigerant. The steel ball 4 bears the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity 101 through the through hole 2-1 of the unloading fixed scroll 2. At this time, the mechanical balance of the compressor unloading structure is: elastic support force of spring 3 + intermediate pressure of scroll cavity 101 + rigid support force of unloading fixed scroll = high pressure + weight of V-ring seal, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The steel ball 4 is in a dynamic equilibrium state and does not float. This is the equilibrium state.

[0052] S3. When liquid refrigerant enters the intermediate pressure chamber of the scroll cavity and is compressed, the liquid refrigerant will evaporate rapidly into small molecule vapor and release a large amount of energy due to its physical properties. The instantaneous surge in intermediate pressure will break the dynamic balance of steel ball 4 when the compressor is running normally. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure under overload operation is: elastic support force of spring 3 + intermediate pressure of scroll cavity 101 after surge > high pressure + gravity of V-ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. Steel ball 4 will float upward, opening the unloading passage with through hole 2-1 connecting the low pressure chamber and intermediate pressure chamber of the unloading fixed scroll 2. A large amount of supersaturated refrigerant vapor accumulated in the intermediate pressure chamber is quickly released into the low pressure chamber, quickly unloading the overpressure and overload energy brought by the compressor liquid slugging to ensure that the compressor scroll cavity 101 works normally without damage. At the same time, the released pressure does not escape from the compressor but returns to the low pressure chamber, increasing the initial low pressure and increasing the basic energy of the compressor before it does work. The refrigerant compression capacity is also greater, improving the compressor's energy efficiency. This is the unloading state.

[0053] S4. The steel ball 4 floats upward, opening the unloading passage between the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate pressure chamber through the through hole 2-1. The limit of the upward float of the steel ball 4 is when its highest point contacts the lower surface of the pressure plate 5. At this time, the steel ball 4 has not left the depth of the annular groove 2-4 of the unloading fixed vortex 2. The annular groove 2-4 is designed to prevent the steel ball 4 from shifting radially during the upward process, so that it cannot fall back into the through hole (2-1) naturally after the unloading is completed.

[0054] S5. After the unloading process is completed, the low-pressure chamber receives the unloaded ultra-high pressure refrigerant vapor, and its pressure increases. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure is: the elastic support force of spring 3 + the intermediate pressure of the vortex cavity 101 < the pressure of the low-pressure chamber + the weight of the V-shaped seal ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The pressure plate 5 and steel ball 4 will fall back to the through hole 2-1 until they obtain a new rigid support force of the unloading fixed vortex 2, and return to the balance state of step S2, completing one unloading action. If compressor liquid slugging occurs again, the above unloading structure can still actively complete the periodic unloading to ensure the normal operation of the compressor.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatically adjustable anti-liquid slugging unloading structure for a scroll compressor, comprising: The system comprises a moving vortex (1), a fixed unloading vortex (2), a high-low pressure partition (8), a top cover (9), and a housing (10); the moving vortex (1) and the fixed unloading vortex (2) mesh with each other to form a vortex cavity (101); the high-low pressure partition (8) is placed on the upper part of the fixed unloading vortex (2), and its edge engages with the top cover (9) and the housing (10) to limit the separation of the high-low pressure cavities; its features are: The unloading vortex (2) has a through hole (2-1) in the top annular groove (2-4) that axially connects the vortex cavity (101) and the compressor low-pressure chamber. The through hole (2-1) is radially located at the top of the vortex cavity, specifically within the arc range of the intermediate pressure chamber of the vortex, and is located at the beginning and end of the intermediate pressure chamber. A steel ball (4) is placed in the through hole (2-1). The top annular groove (2-4) of the unloading fixed vortex (2) is also provided with a blind hole (2-2). The blind hole (2-2) does not have an axial communication function and is only used to limit the spring (3) from not making radial and downward displacement. The radial part is placed within the area covered by the circular area of ​​the pressure plate (5). In order to balance the force, the blind hole (2-2) is set in two centrally symmetrical positions. The neck (2-3) of the unloading fixed vortex (2) is provided with a pressure plate (5), a gasket (6) and a V-shaped sealing ring (7) from bottom to top. It is sealed and positioned by high and low pressure partition (8), and the high and low pressure chambers are isolated by the cooperation of the edge with the upper cover (9) and the shell (10). In its natural state, the spring (3) falls into the blind hole (2-2) under the action of gravity, and the elastic support plate (5) is suspended between the upper surface of the unloading fixed vortex (2) and the lower surface of the high and low pressure partition (8) and limited. The steel ball (4) falls into the through hole (2-1) under gravity in its natural state, and there is a gap between the highest point of the ball and the lower surface of the pressure plate (5) so that they do not contact each other; The working process of the automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure is as follows: S1. When the compressor is charged with refrigerant to the initial low pressure, the pressure on the upper surface of the pressure plate (5) is greater than its own weight and the elastic support force provided by the spring (3) on its lower surface. At this time, the pressure plate (5) will float down to the high point of the steel ball (4) to obtain a new unloading fixed vortex rigid support force to reach equilibrium. At this time, the pressure plate (5) will completely press the steel ball (4). The moving vortex (1) and the unloading fixed vortex (2) mesh with each other to form a vortex cavity (101) in a completely closed state. The spring (3) is in a contracted state and continues to provide upward elastic support to the pressure plate (5). This is the initial state. S2. When the compressor starts to run, the moving scroll (1) and the unloading fixed scroll (2) mesh with each other to form a scroll cavity (101) to compress the initially charged refrigerant. The steel ball (4) bears the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity (101) through the through hole (2-1) of the unloading fixed scroll (2). At this time, the mechanical balance of the compressor unloading structure is: the elastic support force of the spring (3) + the intermediate pressure of the scroll cavity (101) + the rigid support force of the unloading fixed scroll = the high pressure + the weight of the V-ring seal, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The steel ball (4) is in a dynamic equilibrium state and does not float. This is the equilibrium state. S3. When liquid refrigerant enters the intermediate pressure chamber of the vortex cavity and is compressed, the liquid refrigerant will rapidly evaporate into small molecule vapor and release a large amount of energy due to its physical properties. The instantaneous surge in intermediate pressure will break the dynamic equilibrium of the steel ball (4) when the compressor is running normally. At this time, the mechanical equilibrium of the unloading structure under overload operation is: spring (3) elastic support force + surged intermediate pressure of vortex cavity (101) > high pressure + The V-shaped sealing ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball gravity cause the steel ball (4) to float upwards, making the unloading fixed vortex (2) equipped with a through hole (2-1) to connect the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate pressure chamber. The unloading passage opens, and a large amount of supersaturated refrigerant vapor accumulated in the intermediate pressure chamber is quickly released into the low-pressure chamber, quickly unloading the overpressure and overload energy brought by the compressor liquid slugging to ensure that the compressor vortex cavity (101) works normally without damage. At the same time, the released pressure does not escape from the compressor but returns to the low-pressure chamber, increasing the initial low-pressure pressure and increasing the basic energy of the compressor before it does work. The refrigerant compression capacity is also greater, improving the compressor's energy efficiency. This is the unloading state. S4. The steel ball (4) floats upward, opening the unloading passage between the through hole (2-1) and the low-pressure chamber and the intermediate pressure chamber. The limit of the upward float of the steel ball (4) is when its highest point contacts the lower surface of the pressure plate (5). At this time, the steel ball (4) has not left the depth of the annular groove (2-4) of the unloading fixed vortex (2). The annular groove (2-4) is designed to prevent the steel ball (4) from shifting radially during the upward float process, which would prevent it from falling back into the through hole (2-1) naturally after the unloading is completed. S5. After the unloading process is completed, the low-pressure chamber receives the unloaded ultra-high pressure refrigerant vapor, and its pressure increases. At this time, the mechanical balance of the unloading structure is: the elastic support force of the spring (3) + the intermediate pressure of the vortex cavity (101) < the pressure of the low-pressure chamber + the weight of the V-shaped seal ring, gasket, pressure plate, and steel ball. The pressure plate (5) and steel ball (4) will fall back to the through hole (2-1) until they obtain a new unloading fixed vortex (2) rigid support force, and return to the balance state of step S2, completing one unloading action. If the compressor liquid slugging occurs again, the above unloading structure can still actively complete the periodic unloading to ensure the normal operation of the compressor.

2. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unloading vortex (2), pressure plate (5), gasket (6), V-shaped sealing ring (7), high and low pressure partition (8), top cover (9) and shell (10) are concentric structures.

3. The automatically adjustable scroll compressor anti-liquid slugging unloading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the refrigerant filling and compression process, the pressure of the vortex cavity (101) gradually increases from the outermost side to the center during the spiral compression process. Initially, it is a low pressure, and it reaches an intermediate pressure at the through hole (2-1) and blind hole (2-2) set by the unloading fixed vortex (2). Finally, it reaches the highest pressure state in the vortex cavity (101) at the center.

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