Plain type city geological safety risk multi-disaster multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological safety risk monitoring and early warning, and discloses a plain type city geological safety risk multi-disaster multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method, which comprises the following steps: S1, determining a plain type city geological safety risk type according to a plain type city geological survey result and a city geological safety risk survey evaluation result, comprising land subsidence, surface collapse, ground fissures and flood disasters, causes, dynamic characteristics and evaluation indexes of urban geological safety risks are analyzed, and a preliminary evaluation result is obtained; and S2, according to the preliminary evaluation result, through dynamic adjustment of an early warning threshold value and a multi-parameter early warning model, accumulation of long-time sequence monitoring data and clearness of a geological safety risk development trend, the precision of the monitoring early warning model can be improved, the research of a geological safety risk monitoring early warning system can be promoted, and the research efficiency can be improved. And the accuracy of monitoring and early warning of the plain type city geological safety risk is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological safety risk monitoring and early warning, and in particular to a multi-hazard and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for geological safety risks in plain cities. Background Art

[0002] With the development of cities, climate change and the increase of human activities, the geological safety risk issues of plain cities are becoming increasingly prominent. Frequent disasters such as ground subsidence, ground collapse (such as road collapse, karst collapse, mining collapse), ground fissures, and floods pose a great threat to the city's infrastructure, economic development, and the safety of residents' lives and property. Therefore, building an effective geological safety risk monitoring and early warning system has become an important means to ensure urban safety and sustainable development.

[0003] At present, the monitoring and early warning of geological safety risks in plain cities mainly rely on a single-parameter early warning model. The limitations of this method are particularly significant in complex geological environments. Most traditional monitoring systems have ground subsidence monitoring points and groundwater level monitoring points, but due to the limited number of monitoring sites and the lack of interconnected data, the early warning capabilities for the overall urban geological safety risks are insufficient. In addition, the scope of application of the single-parameter early warning model is relatively narrow, and it is often difficult to reflect the mutual influence between multiple disaster types. It is prone to problems such as false alarms and missed reports, which affect the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring system.

[0004] In order to improve the accuracy of early warning, a multi-hazard, multi-parameter integrated monitoring and early warning method is currently needed, which can comprehensively consider the development characteristics, causal mechanisms and inducing factors of disasters such as ground subsidence, collapse, ground fissures and floods, and build a dynamically adjusted multi-parameter early warning model. This integrated monitoring system can not only enhance the comprehensive monitoring capabilities of different geological risks, but also dynamically optimize the early warning threshold and model structure based on long-term series data, effectively reduce the false alarm rate, and thus achieve more accurate and timely geological disaster early warning.

[0005] The present invention aims at the technical problems of poor adaptability, high false alarm rate and inability to dynamically adjust of single parameter models in the prior art, and proposes a multi-hazard multi-parameter model dynamic early warning method for plain urban geological safety risk monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a multi-hazard and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for plain urban geological safety risks, which solves the problems of poor adaptability, high false alarm rate and inability to dynamically adjust the single parameter model in existing geological safety risk monitoring.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a multi-hazard multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for plain urban geological safety risks, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Based on the results of plain urban geological surveys and urban geological safety risk survey and evaluation, determine the types of plain urban geological safety risks, including ground subsidence, ground collapse, ground fissures and flood disasters, analyze the causes, dynamic characteristics and evaluation indicators of urban geological safety risks, and obtain preliminary evaluation results;

[0009] S2. Based on the preliminary evaluation results, select appropriate monitoring elements and monitoring equipment to build a plain urban geological safety risk monitoring network;

[0010] S3. Set the early warning threshold of geological safety risk monitoring indicators based on the historical data, causal mechanism and current characteristics of geological safety risks;

[0011] S4. Based on the plain urban geological safety risk monitoring network and the main inducing factors of geological safety risks, a multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model is constructed;

[0012] S5. Dynamically adjust warning thresholds and multi-hazard multi-parameter warning models based on long-term monitoring data;

[0013] S6. When the monitoring value reaches the warning threshold range after dynamic adjustment, the multi-hazard multi-parameter warning model is triggered and geological safety risk disaster warning information is sent.

[0014] Preferably, the early warning threshold and the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model are dynamically adjusted based on the long-term series monitoring data, including:

[0015] According to the feedback of monitoring curves and the evolution mechanism of urban geological safety risk disasters, monitoring data anomaly rules are set for monitoring equipment, including: surface displacement monitoring anomaly, deep displacement monitoring anomaly, crack meter monitoring anomaly, rainfall monitoring anomaly, ground water level monitoring anomaly and groundwater level monitoring anomaly;

[0016] According to the stability of instruments and equipment fed back by monitoring data, the weights of monitoring parameters are adjusted to optimize the logical relationship of the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model;

[0017] Remove monitoring equipment that has lost data due to poor network transmission, rebuild the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model, and make timely adjustments to the early warning model after completing maintenance and replacement of monitoring equipment.

[0018] Preferably, basic information on geological safety problems that have occurred and current geological safety risk potential points in the urban monitoring area is collected, wherein the basic information on geological safety problems includes the type of geological safety problems, geological conditions, occurrence background, deformation characteristics, previous rainfall, formation mechanism and loss, and the basic information on geological safety risk potential points includes the type of geological safety risk, geological conditions, rainfall, deformation signs, development scale, impact range and number of threatened population;

[0019] According to the development scale, impact range, development characteristics and geological environmental parameter warning conditions of urban geological safety risk hazards, the main monitoring parameters such as rainfall, surface displacement, deep displacement, cracks, surface water level and groundwater level are selected to realize three-dimensional monitoring of plain urban geological safety risks.

[0020] Preferably, a preliminary evaluation of the geological safety of the monitoring area is conducted according to the geological environment characteristics of the plain geological safety risk monitoring area to obtain a preliminary evaluation result, wherein the geological environment characteristics mainly include the topography, stratigraphic structure, engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions and environmental geological problems of the monitoring area and their changes;

[0021] Based on the preliminary evaluation results of the monitoring area, the geological safety risk type, causal mechanism, dynamic characteristics, development trend and monitoring indicators of the monitoring area are determined and summarized into a database.

[0022] Preferably, based on the characteristics of the wide distribution of geological safety risk hazards in plain cities, complex deformation characteristics, and changeable inducing factors, geological safety risk hazard points are selected as the main monitoring objects, and the geological safety risk hazard points include ground subsidence, ground collapse, ground fissures and floods.

[0023] Preferably, in the construction of the monitoring network, the monitoring equipment includes one or more of a surface displacement monitoring station, a deep displacement monitoring station, a crack monitoring station, a rainfall monitoring station, a surface water level monitoring station and a groundwater level monitoring station; corresponding monitoring stations are configured according to the geological risk type of the monitoring area and the functions of the monitoring equipment.

[0024] Preferably, according to different types of geological safety risks, early warning thresholds of monitoring indicators are set, including:

[0025] According to the type and development characteristics of geological safety risks and the installation location of monitoring equipment, set monitoring and early warning thresholds for surface displacement, deep displacement, cracks and groundwater level for risks such as ground subsidence, ground collapse and ground fissures;

[0026] Based on the causes and development characteristics of geological safety risks, monitoring and early warning thresholds for rainfall, surface water level and groundwater level are set in response to flood risks.

[0027] Preferably, when the geological safety risk monitoring and early warning system is in operation, real-time monitoring data of the monitoring area is obtained through monitoring equipment. When the monitoring value reaches the set early warning threshold, a multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model is triggered, and early warning information is sent to relevant responsible persons and competent departments;

[0028] Emergency response measures shall be taken for monitoring points with effective early warning in accordance with the urban geological safety risk management regulations.

[0029] Preferably, after a false alarm occurs in the monitoring and early warning system, the monitoring data and monitoring curves are analyzed, and the early warning thresholds of the monitoring indicators and the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model are timely optimized and adjusted according to the false alarm caused by equipment errors, deformation characteristics and layout locations.

[0030] Preferably, based on the causal mechanism and development characteristics of plain-type urban geological safety risks, the weight relationship between the parameters of different monitoring equipment is analyzed, a multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model is constructed, and the weight of each monitoring parameter is dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring data feedback of each monitoring point to optimize the logical structure of the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model.

[0031] The present invention provides a multi-hazard and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for geological safety risks in plain cities. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The present invention can comprehensively analyze various geological risk factors through the dynamic adjustment method of multi-hazard and multi-parameter models, improve the accuracy of monitoring and early warning, and significantly reduce the false alarm rate and missed alarm rate.

[0033] 2. Based on the development characteristics of geological risks and long-term series data, the system can dynamically adjust the warning threshold and parameter weights to adapt to changes in different geological environments and risk types, and has strong flexibility and applicability.

[0034] 3. The present invention realizes the integrated monitoring of various geological disasters such as ground subsidence, ground collapse, ground fissures, floods, etc., effectively makes up for the limitations of single parameter monitoring and meets the comprehensive monitoring needs under complex geological environments.

[0035] 4. The dynamic adjustment of long-term series data and anomaly detection rules of the present invention facilitate data accumulation, analysis of the long-term evolution trend of geological risks, and support scientific decision-making and management research of urban geological safety.

[0036] 5. The multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model of the present invention has a reasonable structure, is suitable for plain urban geological safety monitoring, has good promotion value, and is suitable for wide application in areas with high geological risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 Example table for status assessment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 An example table diagram of setting early warning thresholds for monitoring equipment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 An example is provided for the exception rule setting of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 This embodiment is a multi-hazard multi-parameter model dynamic early warning method based on plain urban geological safety risk monitoring, which uses historical data of plain urban geological safety problem points to guide the monitoring of different types of urban geological safety hidden danger points, and realizes effective early warning of plain urban geological safety risks. The geological safety risk disaster points in this embodiment are places where geological safety problems have formed, causing casualties or economic losses; geological safety risk hidden danger points are geological safety problems that may cause losses to economic property and people's lives.

[0043] The multi-hazard multi-parameter model dynamic early warning method for plain urban geological safety risk monitoring in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Conduct on-site surveys of urban geological safety problem points and geological safety risk potential points in the monitoring area, collect basic information on urban geological safety problem points, and conduct preliminary evaluation of the current status of geological safety risk potential points.

[0045] Conduct on-site surveys to determine the basic conditions of the monitoring points and make detailed records of the geological environment characteristics around the geological safety risk points. Figure 2 The current status evaluation example table shown provides a scoring evaluation of the current status of geological safety risks.

[0046] Step S1 includes the following steps:

[0047] (1) Collect basic information on geological safety issues and geological safety risk points in the plain city monitoring area. The basic information on geological safety issues includes the type of geological safety issue, geological conditions, occurrence background, deformation characteristics, previous rainfall, formation mechanism, and loss. The basic information on geological safety risk points includes the type of geological safety risk, geological conditions, rainfall, deformation signs, development scale, impact range, and number of threatened population;

[0048] (2) Conduct a preliminary assessment of the current status of geological safety risk points based on on-site investigations;

[0049] (3) Based on the preliminary evaluation results of the monitoring area, determine the geological safety risk type, causal mechanism, dynamic characteristics, development trend and monitoring indicators of the monitoring area, and summarize them to form a database.

[0050] S2. According to the geological environment characteristics, development history data, causal mechanism and current status characteristics of the geological safety risk potential points, select appropriate monitoring and early warning equipment to establish a plain-type urban geological safety risk monitoring network. The monitoring and early warning equipment in this embodiment mainly includes: one or more of the monitoring and early warning equipment such as surface displacement monitoring stations, deep displacement monitoring stations, crack monitoring stations, rainfall monitoring stations, surface water level monitoring stations and groundwater level monitoring stations.

[0051] Specifically, step S2 includes:

[0052] (1) Analyze the geological environment characteristics of the geological safety risk points in plain cities, including topography, stratigraphic structure, genetic mechanism, development trend, inducing factors, impact range and threatened population;

[0053] (2) Select monitoring parameters, monitoring equipment and locations based on the preliminary evaluation and analysis results;

[0054] (3) Build a plain-type urban geological safety risk monitoring network based on the type of monitoring and early warning equipment.

[0055] S3. Based on the historical data of geological safety issues in the plain city monitoring area and the current situation of the monitoring points, preliminary settings of warning thresholds are made for each monitoring device.

[0056] Statistical analysis of historical data on geological safety risks in the plain city monitoring area, combined with the cause mechanism and development trend of the monitoring points, preliminary design of warning thresholds, examples of warning thresholds are as follows Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the warning levels are divided into four categories: blue warning, yellow warning, orange warning and red warning.

[0057] Specifically, step S3 includes:

[0058] (1) Analyze the historical data of geological safety problems in the monitoring area of ​​plain-type cities, mainly including surface displacement, deep displacement, crack width, rainfall, rainfall type, rainfall duration, surface water level, groundwater level, etc., summarize the above characteristic parameters and the law of development of geological safety problems, and select the monitoring and early warning thresholds of geological safety risk points, including surface displacement deformation rate, cumulative deformation, continuous deformation, crack deformation rate, cumulative deformation, continuous deformation, instantaneous rainfall, cumulative rainfall, effective rainfall, surface water level, change, change rate, groundwater level, change, change rate, etc.;

[0059] (2) Based on the current situation of geological safety risk points, their causes and development trends, set the early warning thresholds for each monitoring device, such as Figure 3 ;

[0060] (3) Set warning thresholds based on the causes and development characteristics of the geological safety risks of plain cities. For example, for ground subsidence, the warning thresholds of the surface displacement monitoring equipment deployed at the center and edge of the ground subsidence should be different; for the surface water level at different locations, the threshold settings of the surface water level should also be different;

[0061] (4) For geological safety risk points with different impact ranges and threatened population sizes, differences in the setting of warning thresholds should also be considered.

[0062] S4. Based on the types of monitoring and early warning equipment and the main factors causing geological safety risks, a preliminarily designed multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model for each monitoring point is prepared.

[0063] Based on the geological safety risk type, monitoring equipment type and main influencing parameters, a multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model is constructed.

[0064] Specifically, step S4 includes:

[0065] (1) Combined with specific monitoring points, considering the main inducing factors of geological safety risks, a multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model is constructed. The multi-hazard multi-parameter model constructed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4 As shown;

[0066] (2) In the logical expression of the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model, the monitoring and early warning parameters are mainly connected by "and", "or" and "()". When constructing the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model, the weight relationship between the parameters of different disasters should be fully considered. For example, the formation of flood disasters in the flood season is significantly correlated with rainfall. A multi-parameter model can be designed with rainfall as the main controlling factor and surface water level as the secondary controlling factor.

[0067] (3) When designing a multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model, we should avoid situations where the conditions are set too strictly, resulting in missed reports, or too loosely, resulting in frequent false reports.

[0068] S5. According to the false alarm situation of the monitoring equipment, set the monitoring data abnormality rules to reduce the false alarm rate of the monitoring and early warning system and promptly discover the equipment with abnormal monitoring data.

[0069] The monitoring and early warning system is in operation, and monitoring data of geological safety risk hazard areas are obtained in real time through monitoring and early warning equipment. For monitoring points with effective early warning, emergency response measures are taken in accordance with urban geological safety risk management regulations.

[0070] Specifically, step S5 includes:

[0071] (1) The monitoring and early warning system is put into operation to obtain real-time monitoring data of the geological safety risk hazard areas in plain cities. When the monitoring data reaches the set warning threshold, the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model is triggered and sent to the relevant responsible persons via SMS;

[0072] (2) For potential hazards that have been verified to be dangerous, SMS reminders or WeChat groups will be used to alert the surrounding threatened people, and emergency response measures will be taken in accordance with the urban geological safety risk management regulations;

[0073] (3) For warning information that is found to be a false alarm after verification, analyze and summarize the causes of the false alarm and deal with the false alarm warning equipment in a timely manner.

[0074] S6. Analyze monitoring data, comprehensively consider factors such as equipment errors caused by different environments, deformation characteristics of monitoring points, and equipment layout locations, and optimize and adjust the warning thresholds of different monitoring points and different monitoring equipment at the same monitoring point. When a false alarm occurs in the monitoring and early warning system, analyze the monitoring curve, comprehensively consider the reasons such as equipment errors, deformation characteristics, and layout locations, and readjust the monitoring and early warning thresholds and multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning models.

[0075] Specifically, step S6 includes:

[0076] (1) False alarms caused by equipment errors, deformation characteristics and layout positions, and readjustment of warning thresholds;

[0077] (2) Errors caused by problems in setting up the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model, and the model should be readjusted.

[0078] S7. According to the changes in the main inducing factors of the geological safety risk points in the plain type city and the feedback of the monitoring data, the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model of each monitoring point is dynamically adjusted, and abnormal rules are set for each monitoring equipment to reduce the false alarm rate and timely discover the problematic monitoring equipment, as shown in Table 1;

[0079] Table 1 Schematic diagram of multi-parameter early warning model design

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Specifically, step S7 includes:

[0084] (1) According to the feedback of long-term series monitoring curves and the causal mechanism and evolution trend of geological safety risks, monitoring data anomaly rules are set for monitoring and early warning equipment. Surface displacement monitoring anomalies mainly include long-term absence of monitoring data and monitoring data exceeding the early warning threshold. Deep displacement monitoring anomalies mainly include long-term absence of monitoring data and monitoring data exceeding the early warning threshold. Fracture meter monitoring anomalies mainly include long-term absence of monitoring data and monitoring data exceeding the early warning threshold. Precipitation monitoring anomalies mainly include multi-day absence of rainfall data during rainfall and single-day rainfall data exceeding the early warning threshold. Ground water level monitoring anomalies mainly include no water level data during rainfall and single-day monitoring data exceeding the early warning threshold. Groundwater level monitoring anomalies mainly include long-term absence of monitoring data and monitoring data exceeding the early warning threshold.

[0085] (2) The role of setting abnormal rules mainly includes two aspects: one is to reduce the false alarm rate of instruments and equipment, and the other is to promptly detect equipment with abnormal monitoring data.

[0086] S8. When the monitoring data value of each monitoring and early warning device reaches the optimized early warning threshold, the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model is immediately triggered, and the early warning information is sent to the relevant responsible persons and competent departments in a timely manner to achieve effective early warning and achieve the purpose of accurate early warning.

[0087] According to the adjusted warning thresholds and equipment abnormalities, the multi-hazard and multi-parameter warning model is dynamically adjusted to achieve the purpose of effective monitoring and early warning.

[0088] Furthermore, the step S8 comprises:

[0089] (1) According to the monitoring and early warning equipment status feedback from long-term monitoring data, the monitoring parameter weights are adjusted to optimize the logical relationship of the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model;

[0090] (2) Based on the causes and development trends of geological safety risks in plain cities, the weights of monitoring parameters should be adjusted. For example, after the flood season, the rainfall decreases significantly, and the rainfall parameters should not play a decisive role in the early warning model;

[0091] (3) Remove monitoring equipment that has data loss due to poor network transmission, rebuild a multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model, and make timely adjustments to the early warning model after completing maintenance and replacement of monitoring equipment.

[0092] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-hazard and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for geological safety risks in plain cities, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the results of plain urban geological surveys and urban geological safety risk survey and evaluation, determine the types of plain urban geological safety risks, including ground subsidence, ground collapse, ground fissures and flood disasters, analyze the causes, dynamic characteristics and evaluation indicators of urban geological safety risks, and obtain preliminary evaluation results; S2. Based on the preliminary evaluation results, select appropriate monitoring elements and monitoring equipment to build a plain urban geological safety risk monitoring network; S3. Set the early warning threshold of geological safety risk monitoring indicators based on the historical data, causal mechanism and current characteristics of geological safety risks; S4. Based on the plain urban geological safety risk monitoring network and the main inducing factors of geological safety risks, a multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model is constructed; S5. Dynamically adjust warning thresholds and multi-hazard multi-parameter warning models based on long-term monitoring data; S6. When the monitoring value reaches the warning threshold range after dynamic adjustment, the multi-hazard multi-parameter warning model is triggered and geological safety risk disaster warning information is sent.

2. According to claim 1, a multi-hazard and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for plain urban geological safety risks is characterized in that: Dynamically adjust warning thresholds and multi-hazard multi-parameter warning models based on long-term monitoring data, including: According to the feedback of monitoring curves and the evolution mechanism of urban geological safety risk disasters, monitoring data anomaly rules are set for monitoring equipment, including: surface displacement monitoring anomaly, deep displacement monitoring anomaly, crack meter monitoring anomaly, rainfall monitoring anomaly, surface water level monitoring anomaly and groundwater level monitoring anomaly; According to the stability of instruments and equipment fed back by monitoring data, the weights of monitoring parameters are adjusted to optimize the logical relationship of the multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model; Remove monitoring equipment that has lost data due to poor network transmission, rebuild the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model, and make timely adjustments to the early warning model after completing maintenance and replacement of monitoring equipment.

3. According to claim 1, a multi-hazard and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for plain urban geological safety risks is characterized in that: Collect basic information on geological safety problems that have occurred in the urban monitoring area and current geological safety risk potential points. The basic information on geological safety problems includes the type of geological safety problem, geological conditions, occurrence background, deformation characteristics, previous rainfall, formation mechanism and loss. The basic information on geological safety risk potential points includes the type of geological safety risk, geological conditions, rainfall, deformation signs, development scale, impact range and number of threatened population; According to the development scale, impact range, development characteristics and geological environmental parameter warning conditions of urban geological safety risk hazards, the main monitoring parameters such as rainfall, surface displacement, deep displacement, cracks, surface water level and groundwater level are selected to realize three-dimensional monitoring of plain urban geological safety risks.

4. The method for monitoring and early warning of multi-hazard and multi-parameter geological safety risks in a plain city according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Conduct a preliminary evaluation of the geological safety of the monitoring area based on the geological environment characteristics of the plain geological safety risk monitoring area to obtain preliminary evaluation results. The geological environment characteristics mainly include the topography, stratigraphic structure, engineering geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions and environmental geological problems and their changes in the monitoring area; Based on the preliminary evaluation results of the monitoring area, the geological safety risk type, causal mechanism, dynamic characteristics, development trend and monitoring indicators of the monitoring area are determined and summarized into a database.

5. According to claim 1, a multi-hazard and multi-parameter monitoring and early warning method for plain urban geological safety risks is characterized in that: Based on the characteristics of wide distribution of geological safety risks in plain cities, complex deformation characteristics and changeable inducing factors, geological safety risk points are selected as the main monitoring objects. The geological safety risk points include ground subsidence, ground collapse, ground fissures and floods.

6. The method for monitoring and early warning of multi-hazard and multi-parameter geological safety risks in a plain city according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the construction of the monitoring network, the monitoring equipment includes one or more of surface displacement monitoring stations, deep displacement monitoring stations, crack monitoring stations, rainfall monitoring stations, surface water level monitoring stations and groundwater level monitoring stations; corresponding monitoring stations are configured according to the geological risk type of the monitoring area and the function of the monitoring equipment.

7. The method for monitoring and early warning of multi-hazard and multi-parameter geological safety risks in a plain city according to claim 1 is characterized in that: According to different types of geological safety risks, set early warning thresholds for monitoring indicators, including: According to the type and development characteristics of geological safety risks and the installation location of monitoring equipment, set monitoring and early warning thresholds for surface displacement, deep displacement, cracks and groundwater level for risks such as ground subsidence, ground collapse and ground fissures; Based on the causes and development characteristics of geological safety risks, monitoring and early warning thresholds for rainfall, surface water level and groundwater level are set in response to flood risks.

8. The method for monitoring and early warning of multi-hazard and multi-parameter geological safety risks in a plain city according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the geological safety risk monitoring and early warning system is in operation, real-time monitoring data of the monitoring area is obtained through monitoring equipment. When the monitoring value reaches the set early warning threshold, a multi-hazard multi-parameter early warning model is triggered, and early warning information is sent to relevant responsible persons and competent departments; Emergency response measures shall be taken for monitoring points with effective early warning in accordance with the urban geological safety risk management regulations.

9. The method for monitoring and early warning of multi-hazard and multi-parameter geological safety risks in a plain city according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When a false alarm occurs in the monitoring and early warning system, the monitoring data and monitoring curves are analyzed, and the warning thresholds of the monitoring indicators and the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning models are optimized and adjusted in a timely manner based on the false alarms caused by equipment errors, deformation characteristics, and layout locations.

10. The method for monitoring and early warning of multi-hazard and multi-parameter geological safety risks in a plain city according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the causal mechanism and development characteristics of plain urban geological safety risks, the weight relationship of different monitoring equipment parameters is analyzed, and a multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model is constructed. The weight of each monitoring parameter is dynamically adjusted according to the monitoring data feedback of each monitoring point to optimize the logical structure of the multi-hazard and multi-parameter early warning model.

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