Stacked assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a laminated assembly and a vehicle, the laminated assembly comprising: a medium substrate; a first antenna unit arranged at the edge of the medium substrate and used for supporting radio frequency signal transmission of a first frequency band; and a second antenna unit arranged away from the edge of the medium substrate compared with the first antenna unit and used for supporting radio frequency signal transmission of a second frequency band; the frequency of the second frequency band is smaller than that of the first frequency band, and the second frequency band is a low frequency band. The low frequency band antenna is separated from the first frequency band antenna, the first antenna unit is partially designed under the metal plate, the second antenna unit is partially designed in the area outside the metal plate, and high-quality communication of multiple frequency bands is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a stacked component and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication, people's requirements for communication quality in transportation scenarios are also increasing. In order to obtain better transmission efficiency and signal transmission quality, multi-band antennas are designed to meet people's diverse communication needs. In addition, considering the appearance, the antennas on traditional vehicles are usually designed in the surrounding black border area, but the applicant found that the overall communication performance is poor when the antenna is placed in this area. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a stacked component and a vehicle with high communication quality.

[0004] In a first aspect, a stacked assembly is provided for installation on a vehicle, the stacked assembly comprising:

[0005] Dielectric substrate;

[0006] The first antenna element is disposed at the edge of the dielectric substrate and is used to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in the first frequency band.

[0007] The second antenna unit is disposed at the edge of the dielectric substrate that is farther away from the first antenna unit, and the second antenna unit is used to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in the second frequency band.

[0008] The frequency of the second frequency band is lower than that of the first frequency band, and the second frequency band is a low frequency band.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first frequency band includes at least one of the mid-frequency band, the high-frequency band, and the ultra-high-frequency band.

[0010] In one embodiment, the second antenna unit includes:

[0011] The first radiator has a branch extending into the region where the first antenna element is located, so as to couple with the radiator of the first antenna element.

[0012] In one embodiment, the second antenna unit includes:

[0013] A first radiator, at least some branches of which are arranged in a predetermined pattern on a dielectric substrate.

[0014] In one embodiment, the second antenna unit includes:

[0015] A first radiator, at least some branches of which are arranged along the edge extension direction of the dielectric substrate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first frequency band includes two different frequency bands, and the first antenna element includes:

[0017] The second radiator has a first feed point for accessing the first excitation signal, so as to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in one frequency band of the first frequency band under the excitation of the first excitation signal.

[0018] The third radiator has a second feed point for accessing the second excitation signal to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in another frequency band of the first frequency band under the excitation of the second excitation signal.

[0019] In one embodiment, at least some branches of the second radiator and at least some branches of the third radiator are arranged along the extension direction of the edge of the dielectric substrate; and / or, at least some branches of the second radiator and at least some branches of the third radiator extend in opposite directions.

[0020] In one embodiment, the stacked component further includes:

[0021] A surface wave suppression structure is disposed on a dielectric substrate between a first antenna element and a second antenna element, and the surface wave suppression structure is used to suppress the propagation of radio frequency signals in the first frequency band on the surface of the dielectric substrate.

[0022] In one embodiment, the surface wave suppression structure is a semi-enclosed structure or a fully enclosed structure, and when the surface wave suppression structure is a semi-enclosed structure, the opening direction is towards the edge of the dielectric substrate.

[0023] In one embodiment, the distance between the radiator of the first antenna element and the surface wave suppression structure is greater than 0.01 times the target wavelength, where the target wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency of the first frequency band.

[0024] In one embodiment, when the second antenna unit and the surface wave suppression structure are disposed on the same layer of the dielectric substrate, the surface wave suppression structure reuses a portion of the radiator of the second antenna unit as a component of the surface wave suppression structure.

[0025] Secondly, a means of transportation is provided, including:

[0026] ontology;

[0027] The aforementioned stacked components are mounted on the main body.

[0028] The aforementioned stacked assembly and vehicle have at least the following advantages: By placing the first antenna unit at the edge of the dielectric substrate, the occupancy of the exposed portion of the stacked assembly can be reduced while supporting the transmission of radio frequency signals in the first frequency band, thus concealing the antenna wiring. Furthermore, by placing the second antenna unit supporting low-frequency communication at the edge of the dielectric substrate, further away from the first antenna unit and located in a non-sheet metal area of ​​the substrate, the influence of sheet metal on the vehicle on low-frequency communication can be avoided, ensuring low-frequency communication performance. In summary, the stacked assembly can achieve both high-quality multi-frequency communication and antenna concealment design. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of a vehicle in which the stacked components provided in the embodiments of this application are applied;

[0031] Figure 2 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0033] Figure 4 This is the third structural schematic diagram of the stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0035] Figure 6 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the structure of the stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0036] Figure 7 Sixth schematic diagram of the structure of the stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0037] Figure 8 Seventh schematic diagram of the structure of the stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0038] Figure 9a This is one of the schematic diagrams of the current distribution on the first radiator in one or more embodiments;

[0039] Figure 9bThis is a second schematic diagram of the current distribution on the first radiator in one or more embodiments;

[0040] Figure 9c This is the third schematic diagram of the current distribution on the first radiator in one or more embodiments;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the VSWR test results of a stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0042] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the radiation efficiency test results of a stacked component in one or more embodiments;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dielectric substrate in one or more embodiments;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle in one or more embodiments.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] 1. Vehicle; 100. Stacked assembly; 10. Dielectric substrate; 11. First transparent dielectric layer; 12. Second transparent dielectric layer; 13. Intermediate layer; 20. First antenna element; 21. Feed point; 22. Second radiator; 23. First feed point; 24. Third radiator; 25. Second feed point; 30. Second antenna element; 31. First radiator; 40. Surface wave suppression structure; 200. Body. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0049] It is understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first antenna element may be referred to as a second antenna element, and similarly, a second antenna element may be referred to as a first antenna element. Both the first antenna element and the second antenna element are antenna elements, but they are not the same antenna element.

[0050] It is understandable that "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least part of an element" refers to part or all of an element.

[0051] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0052] The stacked component provided in this application embodiment is applied to a vehicle, which includes a body having mounting positions for installing the stacked component.

[0053] Laminated components can be used in applications such as automotive glass. Transportation vehicles can include, but are not limited to, automobiles, locomotives, trains, ships, and maglev trains. The main body is typically composed of sheet metal or other metal components, which can influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly affecting low-frequency communication performance. Figure 1 As shown, when the stacked component 100 is installed on the body 200 of the vehicle 1, the communication quality of the low-frequency antenna unit (not shown) disposed at the edge of the stacked component 100 is greatly affected by the body 200.

[0054] The stacked component provided in this application provides a method to separate the second antenna unit supporting the low-frequency band and the first antenna unit supporting the first frequency band into distinct regions. The first antenna unit is positioned at the edge of the dielectric substrate of the stacked component, while the second antenna unit is positioned in a region away from the edge. This avoids the influence of sheet metal parts of the vehicle body on low-frequency communication, thereby ensuring high-quality multi-band communication composed of the first and second frequency bands. Furthermore, positioning the first antenna unit at the edge of the dielectric substrate reduces the negative impact of antenna placement on the light transmission or field of view of the stacked component. This approach balances the high-quality multi-band communication and performance in terms of light transmission and field of view of the stacked component.

[0055] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2As shown, a stacked assembly 100 is provided for installation on a vehicle. The stacked assembly 100 includes: a dielectric substrate 10, a first antenna unit 20, and a second antenna unit 30.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the first antenna element 20 is disposed at the edge of the dielectric substrate 10, and the first antenna element 20 is used to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in the first frequency band. The second antenna element 30 is disposed away from the edge of the dielectric substrate 10 relative to the first antenna element 20, and the second antenna element 30 is used to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in the second frequency band. The frequency of the second frequency band is lower than the frequency of the first frequency band, and the second frequency band is a low frequency band. The frequency range of the low frequency band is 700MHz~960MHz.

[0057] In this context, the dielectric substrate refers to a layered structure that provides support, and may include one or more dielectric layers. The dielectric layer may include a dielectric layer (insulating layer, such as a glass plate) or a conductive functional layer. For example, the dielectric layer may be a transparent dielectric layer with good light transmittance and insulation, such as a glass plate, a transparent PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) plastic plate, or ceramics. The dielectric layer may also include conductive functional layers such as a dimming layer, a temperature-regulating layer, a low-emissivity film layer, or a silver plating layer. In other words, the dielectric layer is not limited to an insulating layer or a conductive layer; its specific design depends on the functional requirements of the multilayer assembly.

[0058] Both the first antenna element and the second antenna element refer to structures capable of transmitting radio frequency signals, and each can include at least one radiator for electromagnetic wave transmission. Depending on the communication requirements of the stacked assembly, different structures of the first antenna elements can be selected to support communication in multiple different first frequency bands; no constraints are imposed here. The first antenna element may also include a feed point disposed on the radiator, which is used to connect to a feed source to receive an excitation signal provided by the feed source, so that the radiator of the first antenna element transmits radio frequency signals in the first frequency band under the excitation signal.

[0059] The radiator size of the second antenna element is designed to support low-frequency communication.

[0060] The specific frequency band can be determined based on communication requirements. The first and second frequency bands can be frequency bands under various network standards. For example, the first and second frequency bands can be communication frequency bands under network standards such as 2G (Second Generation Mobile Communication Technology), 3G (3rd Generation Mobile Communication Technology), 4G (Fourth Generation Mobile Communication Technology), 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology), 6G (sixth Generation Mobile Communication Technology), WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), GPS (Global Positioning System), and Bluetooth.

[0061] At least one of the first and second frequency bands includes a 5G communication band. Compared to 4G, 5G offers higher speeds, lower latency, more connections, faster mobility, higher security, and more flexible service deployment capabilities. When this first and second antenna unit are applied to stacked components such as automotive glass, it can provide superior communication performance, laying the foundation for the realization and enhancement of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) functionality. Optionally, both the first and second frequency bands are 5G communication bands to support 5G multi-band communication.

[0062] The first antenna element is located at the edge of the dielectric substrate. This should be understood as the first antenna element being located in a region near the edge. For example, when the laminated assembly is automotive glass, this region could be the black border area of ​​the automotive glass. The second antenna element is located further away from the edge of the dielectric substrate than the first antenna element. This should be understood as primarily constraining the relative positional relationship between the two. The degree to which the second antenna element is far from the edge is determined based on the principle of meeting the low-frequency communication quality requirements. For example, the region where the second antenna element is located could be a region on the dielectric substrate near its edge but not embedded in the vehicle body.

[0063] Specifically, the stacked component provided in this application embodiment supports communication in the first frequency band by setting a first antenna unit at the edge of the dielectric substrate, so as to support communication in the first frequency band with minimal impact on the light-receiving and field of view of the stacked component. Furthermore, a second antenna unit is placed in a region farther from the edge of the dielectric substrate than the first antenna unit, to avoid negative impacts on the low-frequency second antenna unit when the stacked component is mounted on the vehicle body, thereby ensuring the communication quality of the second frequency band. Overall, this ensures high-quality multi-band communication of the stacked component in both the first and second frequency bands.

[0064] In one embodiment, the second antenna unit can be placed as close as possible to the edge of the stacked component while meeting the low-frequency band communication quality requirements. This is beneficial to improving the antenna layout compactness of the stacked component and can further reduce the occupancy of antenna wiring on the non-edge area of ​​the stacked component. This can reduce the negative impact on the lighting effect, field of view, and display area of ​​the non-edge area (for example, some vehicle glass has a display layer that can display images).

[0065] In one embodiment, the first frequency band includes at least one of a mid-frequency band, a high-frequency band, and an ultra-high-frequency band. For example, when the first frequency band includes both a mid-frequency band and a high-frequency band, the first antenna element supports communication in the mid-to-high-frequency band. The frequency ranges of each first frequency band are not listed here, but those skilled in the art can determine them based on the specific frequency bands supported by the network standard supported by the first antenna element. The mid-frequency band ranges from 1710MHz to 2690MHz. The high-frequency band ranges from 3300MHz to 5000MHz. The 5G network uses the same frequency band numbers as the 4G network. In addition, the 5G network adds some ultra-high-frequency bands not found in the 4G network, such as N77 (3.3GHz to 4.2GHz), N78 (3.3GHz to 3.8GHz), and N79 (4.8GHz to 4.96GHz).

[0066] The stacked component provided in this application embodiment has a first antenna unit supporting at least one of the mid-frequency band, high-frequency band, and ultra-high-frequency band disposed at the edge of the dielectric substrate. Since the antennas of these frequency bands are less affected by the vehicle body such as sheet metal parts, the antenna wiring can be reduced in the non-edge area of ​​the stacked component while ensuring the communication quality of the first frequency band. This is beneficial to ensuring the lighting effect, field of view, display area, and other effects of the non-edge area of ​​the stacked component, thereby improving the overall performance of the stacked component.

[0067] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the second antenna unit 30 includes: a first radiator 31.

[0068] Among them, some branches of the first radiator 31 extend to the region where the first antenna element 20 is located, so as to couple with the radiator of the first antenna element 20.

[0069] Through the coupling between radiators, the second antenna element 30 can share the power supply with the first antenna element 20, which helps to reduce the power supply wiring on the stacked components, save materials, and reduce costs.

[0070] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 The first antenna element 20 shown has a feed point 21 on its radiator. This feed point 21 is used to connect to a feed source (not shown) to receive an excitation signal. The excitation signal is transmitted on the first antenna element 20 and continues to be transmitted on the first radiator 31 based on magnetic field coupling at the coupling position, thereby exciting the first radiator 31 to support communication in the second frequency band. Since the first antenna element 20 is located at the edge of the dielectric substrate 10, a shorter feed trace can be made on the dielectric substrate 10 to achieve the connection between the feed source and the feed point 21, which further facilitates shortening the feed trace.

[0071] In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate has a multilayer structure, and the first antenna element and the second antenna element are disposed in the same layer or different layers of the dielectric substrate.

[0072] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, if the first antenna unit 20 and the second antenna unit 30 are disposed on different layers of the dielectric substrate 10, the projection of the branch extending from the second radiator 31 to the region of the first antenna unit 20 onto the plane where the first antenna unit 20 is located coincides with a portion of the branch of the first antenna unit 20.

[0073] In one embodiment, if the first antenna element and the second antenna element are disposed on the same layer of the dielectric substrate, then the end of at least one branch on the second radiator is coupled to the branch gap of the first antenna element.

[0074] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first radiator 31 can extend along the edge direction away from the dielectric substrate 10 to avoid the influence of the body 200 corresponding to the edge on the communication quality of the second antenna unit 30, and to ensure the communication quality of the low frequency band.

[0075] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, at least some branches of the first radiator 31 are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the dielectric substrate 10.

[0076] Taking advantage of the relatively long effective electrical length of the first radiator 31 in the low-frequency band, at least some of its branches are arranged in a preset marking pattern on the dielectric substrate 10. This not only supports low-frequency communication but also serves as an identification function. For example, in one embodiment, at least some of the branches of the first radiator 31 can be arranged as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the marking pattern is fy on the dielectric substrate 10. Other connected letters, numbers, Chinese characters, graphics, etc. may also be used as marking patterns. At least a portion of the marking pattern extends along the direction away from the edge of the dielectric substrate 10, and / or at least a portion of the marking pattern extends along the edge of the dielectric substrate 10.

[0077] In one embodiment, when a portion of the branches of the first radiator 31 extends into the region where the first antenna unit 20 is located to couple with the radiator of the first antenna unit 20, the branches on the first radiator 31 with a preset marking pattern are positioned further away from the edge of the dielectric substrate 10 than the branches on the first radiator 31 coupled to the first antenna unit 20. In this case, coupling between the first antenna unit 20 and the second antenna unit 30 can be achieved, enabling the sharing of the feed point, while ensuring that most of the branches of the first radiator 31 are located in a non-sheet metal area far from the edge of the dielectric substrate 10 (an area unaffected by sheet metal parts on the substrate), thus guaranteeing low-frequency communication performance.

[0078] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, at least some branches of the first radiator 31 are arranged along the edge of the dielectric substrate 10. This allows the second antenna unit 30 to be positioned as close as possible to the edge of the dielectric substrate 10 while ensuring low-frequency communication performance. This reduces the negative impact of antenna traces on the light-receiving, field of view, and display area of ​​the area of ​​the stacked component 100 exposed outside the body 200, thereby improving the overall performance of the stacked component 100.

[0079] For example, when the laminated component is automotive glass, at least some branches of the first radiator 31 are arranged along the extension direction of the black edge region (not shown) of the dielectric substrate 10. Optionally, at least some branches of the first radiator 31 are arranged in the black edge region, which is beneficial to ensure the light-receiving area, field of view and display area of ​​the display film on the automotive glass while achieving communication performance.

[0080] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, when a portion of the branches of the first radiator 31 extends to the area where the first antenna unit 20 is located, and couples with the radiator of the first antenna unit 20, after the branches of the first radiator 31 are coupled with the first antenna unit 20, they extend a certain distance away from the edge, and then extend along the edge extension direction. With this routing setting, the coupling of the first antenna unit 20 and the second antenna unit 30 can be realized, the shared feed point can be realized, and most of the branches of the first radiator 31 can be located in the non-sheet metal area FB away from the edge of the dielectric substrate 10, thus ensuring low-frequency communication performance.

[0081] In this application, the understanding of sheet metal areas and non-sheet metal areas should be based on the state of the stacked components mounted on the vehicle body. Sheet metal areas refer to the portions of the dielectric substrate surrounded by sheet metal parts on the vehicle body. Non-sheet metal areas refer to the portions of the dielectric substrate not surrounded by sheet metal parts on the vehicle body.

[0082] In one embodiment, when the laminated component is automotive glass, the second antenna unit is located in the black border area outside the sheet metal area of ​​the automotive glass.

[0083] In one embodiment, the first frequency band includes at least two different frequency bands, and the first antenna element includes multiple radiators to support the corresponding frequency bands. The multiple radiators may or may not share a feed point.

[0084] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first frequency band includes two different frequency bands. The first antenna element 20 includes a second radiator 22, which has a first feed point 23 for receiving the first excitation signal, so as to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in one frequency band of the first frequency band under the excitation of the first excitation signal.

[0085] The first antenna element 20 also includes a third radiator 24, which has a second feed point 25 for receiving the second excitation signal to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in another frequency band of the first frequency band under the excitation of the second excitation signal.

[0086] With the first antenna element having more than 20 radiators, it can support multiple communication frequency bands, which is beneficial to improving the communication bandwidth of the stacked components.

[0087] In one embodiment, the first feed point 23 of the second radiator 22 and the second feed point 25 of the third radiator 24 are as follows: Figure 5 The same feed point 21 is shown, that is, the second radiator 22 and the third radiator 24 share the same feed point 21.

[0088] In one embodiment, such as Figures 4-5As shown, at least some branches of the second radiator 22 and at least some branches of the third radiator 24 are arranged along the extending direction of the edge dge of the dielectric substrate 10. This arrangement facilitates the placement of the first antenna unit 20 in the sheet metal area BJ, reducing the impact on the area of ​​the stacked assembly exposed outside the body 200.

[0089] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, at least some branches of the second radiator 22 and at least some branches of the third radiator 24 extend in opposite directions. This opposite direction arrangement improves the compactness of the antenna radiating branches and helps to reduce the overall wiring area of ​​the first antenna element 20 on the dielectric substrate 10.

[0090] For multilayer modules, the substrate material often has a high dielectric constant, resulting in strong electromagnetic waves on the antenna surface. These waves cannot effectively radiate into space, leading to low antenna radiation efficiency. Taking automotive glass as an example, common glass has a dielectric constant as high as 7-9. When an antenna mounted on the glass transmits signals, the electromagnetic waves on the glass surface are very strong. Especially for high-frequency signals, whose propagation distance is already shorter than that of low-frequency signals, this strong surface wave further weakens the propagation efficiency of high-frequency signals in space.

[0091] Therefore, in one embodiment, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, the stacked component also includes a surface wave suppression structure 40.

[0092] The surface wave suppression structure 40 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 10 between the first antenna unit 20 and the second antenna unit 20, and the surface wave suppression structure 40 is used to suppress the propagation of the first frequency band radio frequency signal on the surface of the dielectric substrate 10.

[0093] The surface wave suppression structure 40 can be in the form of silver paste printing, metal coating, metal traces, etc., such as a 2Ag layer or a 3Ag layer, or other metal coatings. The surface wave suppression structure is used to block the propagation of radio frequency signals in the first frequency band in at least one direction on the dielectric substrate 10. This reduces the problem of low spatial wave transmission efficiency of the first antenna element 20 due to surface wave propagation, thereby improving the spatial radiation efficiency of the first antenna element 20 and improving the communication performance of the stacked assembly in the first frequency band. Since the wavelength corresponding to the low frequency band is long and the surface waves along the dielectric substrate 10 such as glass are weak, a good radiation effect can be obtained without adding the surface wave suppression structure 40 to the second antenna element 30. By placing the surface wave suppression structure 40 on the dielectric substrate 10 between the first antenna element 20 and the second antenna element 20, it is beneficial to reduce the distribution area of ​​the surface wave suppression structure 40 while ensuring the surface wave suppression effect in the first frequency band, thus reducing costs.

[0094] In one embodiment, the surface wave suppression structure 40 can be implemented by means of silver paste printing or metal coating.

[0095] In one embodiment, the surface wave suppression structure 40 can be shaped as follows: Figure 6 The semi-enclosed structure shown or such Figure 7 The fully enclosed structure shown is used to suppress the propagation of surface waves from the first antenna element 20 on the dielectric substrate 10 in the enclosed direction of the surface wave suppression structure 40, thereby improving the communication performance of the first frequency band.

[0096] When the surface wave suppression structure 40 is as follows Figure 6 In the semi-enclosed structure shown, its opening can face the edge of the dielectric substrate 10. Since the first antenna element 20 is already located at the edge, its surface wave propagation in the edge direction is inherently weak. Therefore, simply setting the surface wave suppression structure 40 in the direction of the first antenna element 20 facing the large-area dielectric substrate 10 is sufficient to ensure the surface wave suppression effect of the first frequency band radio frequency signal. This also helps to reduce the distribution area of ​​the surface wave suppression structure 40, thus lowering costs. Furthermore, it also allows the surface wave suppression structure 40 to be placed in the black border area.

[0097] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the distance between the radiator of the first antenna element 20 and the surface wave suppression structure 40 is greater than 0.01 times the target wavelength, where the target wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency of the first frequency band.

[0098] The distance between the radiator of the first antenna element 20 and the surface wave suppression structure 40 refers to the perpendicular distance between any position on the radiator and the surface wave suppression structure 40, for example, as... Figure 6 As shown by distances L4, L5, and L6, the smaller the distance between the surface wave suppression structure 40 and the first antenna element 20, the better its suppression effect on the radio frequency signal of the first frequency band. However, this distance cannot be infinitely small, as being too close will affect the communication of the first antenna element 20. After testing, when the distance between any position on the radiator of the first antenna element 20 and the surface wave suppression structure 40 is greater than 0.01 times the target wavelength, the surface wave suppression structure 40 has a good surface wave suppression effect on the radio frequency signal of the first frequency band on the dielectric substrate 10, and can maintain the high-quality communication of the first antenna element 20.

[0099] The larger the linewidth of the surface wave suppression structure 40, the better its surface wave suppression effect on the radio frequency signal of the first frequency band radiated by the first antenna element 20. However, if the linewidth is too small, it will cause interference to the first antenna element 20. In practical applications, the linewidth can be designed according to the requirements of communication performance in each frequency band.

[0100] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the linewidth of the surface wave suppression structure 40 is greater than or equal to 2 mm. When the linewidth of the surface wave suppression structure 40 is greater than or equal to 2 mm, it can effectively suppress the propagation of surface waves of the first frequency band radio frequency signal on the dielectric substrate 10, while also taking into account the communication performance of the first antenna element 20.

[0101] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the surface wave suppression structure 40 is at least partially disposed along the edge direction. When the stacked assembly 100 includes a black border region located in a non-sheet metal area, the linewidth of the surface wave suppression structure 20 is smaller than the width of the black border region in the non-sheet metal area. This facilitates the placement of the surface wave suppression structure 20 in the black border region.

[0102] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, when the second antenna element 30 and the surface wave suppression structure 40 are disposed on the same layer of the dielectric substrate 10, the surface wave suppression structure 40 is composed of a portion of the radiators of the second antenna element 30. By reusing a portion of the radiators of the second antenna element 30 as the surface wave suppression structure 40, surface wave suppression of the first frequency band radio frequency signal can be achieved while reducing antenna traces and lowering costs.

[0103] To better illustrate the implementation process of the stacked components provided in the embodiments of this application, an example is given below:

[0104] by Figure 4 Taking the structure shown as an example, the current distribution on the first radiator 31 of the second antenna unit 30 under this structure is mainly as follows: Figure 9a , Figure 9b and Figure 9c As shown by the red line, it can provide an effective electrical length that matches the low-frequency band, supporting low-frequency band communication.

[0105] exist Figure 4 When the stacked component 100 shown is installed on a vehicle, communication tests are performed on it, and the results are as follows: Figure 10 The antenna standing wave diagram shown and as follows Figure 11 The efficiency distribution diagram is shown.

[0106] See Figure 10 It can be seen that the stacked components provided in this application have a standing wave ratio of less than or equal to 2.5 in the range of 620MHz-5000MHz, indicating that the stacked components can effectively support full-band communication under network standards such as 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G, and have good communication performance in the full-band.

[0107] See Figure 11It can be seen that the multilayered components provided in this application have a radiation efficiency of more than 40% in the low frequency band of 620MHz-960MHz and a radiation efficiency of more than 55% in the mid-high frequency band of 1700MHz-5000MHz, indicating that the multilayered components still have good radiation characteristics when installed in vehicles.

[0108] In one embodiment, both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit can be located on the side of the dielectric substrate away from ambient light. This arrangement facilitates the power supply routing between the first and second antenna units and the feed source inside the vehicle.

[0109] In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate can be a single-layer structure. For example, the dielectric substrate can be a single layer of glass.

[0110] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, the dielectric substrate 10 can be a multilayer structure. For example, the dielectric substrate 10 may include a first transparent dielectric layer 11 and a second transparent dielectric layer 12, with the first transparent dielectric layer 11 and the second transparent dielectric layer 12 forming a sandwich space. The second transparent substrate layer 12 is positioned further away from ambient light than the first transparent dielectric layer 11.

[0111] The first antenna element can be disposed in the interlayer space or on the side of the second transparent dielectric layer 12 away from ambient light. The surface wave suppression structure can be disposed in the interlayer space or on the side of the second transparent dielectric layer 12 away from ambient light.

[0112] In this assembly, at least one of the first transparent dielectric layer 11 and the second transparent dielectric layer 12 may be composed of a polymer film material. When the laminated assembly is applied to a vehicle, one of the first transparent dielectric layer 11 and the second transparent dielectric layer 12 may be a glass plate.

[0113] In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate 10 further includes an intermediate layer 13, which is located between the first transparent dielectric layer 11 and the second transparent dielectric layer 12.

[0114] The intermediate layer 12 may include a layer with adhesive properties, such as a PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) layer, to bond the first transparent dielectric layer and the second transparent dielectric layer 12.

[0115] The intermediate layer 12 may include functional layers, which are layer structures capable of supporting at least one function. Functional layers may include, but are not limited to, dimming layers, temperature control layers, and display layers.

[0116] In one embodiment, the first antenna element operates in 1 / 4λ1 mode or 1 / 2λ1 mode. The effective electrical length of the radiating arm of the first antenna element is greater than or equal to 1 / 4λ1 and less than or equal to 1 / 2λ1. Wherein, λ1 is the wavelength of the first frequency band.

[0117] In one embodiment, when the first antenna element includes a second radiator and a third radiator, the effective electrical length of the second radiator is greater than or equal to one-quarter wavelength of its supported frequency band and less than or equal to one-half wavelength of its supported frequency band. The effective electrical length of the third radiator is greater than or equal to one-quarter wavelength of its supported frequency band and less than or equal to one-half wavelength of its supported frequency band.

[0118] In one embodiment, the second antenna element operates in 1 / 4λ2 mode or 1 / 2λ2 mode. The effective electrical length of the first radiating arm of the second antenna element is greater than or equal to 1 / 4λ2 and less than or equal to 1 / 2λ2, where λ2 is the wavelength of the second frequency band.

[0119] In one embodiment, a means of transportation 1 is provided, such as Figure 13 As shown, the assembly includes a main body 200 and the aforementioned stacked component 100. The stacked component 100 is mounted on the main body 200.

[0120] The vehicle 1 equipped with the aforementioned stacked component 100 can take into account the communication performance of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and by placing the first antenna unit at the edge, the impact of the antenna on the non-sheet metal area of ​​the stacked component 100 is reduced.

[0121] In one embodiment, the laminated component 100 is automotive glass.

[0122] In one embodiment, the laminated component 100 is at least one of a sunroof, a side window, and a windshield.

[0123] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.

[0124] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0125] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A stacked component, characterized in that, For installation on a vehicle, the stacked assembly includes: Dielectric substrate; A first antenna element is disposed at the edge of the dielectric substrate and is used to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in a first frequency band. The second antenna unit is disposed at an edge of the dielectric substrate that is farther away from the first antenna unit, and the second antenna unit is used to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in the second frequency band; The frequency of the second frequency band is lower than the frequency of the first frequency band, and the second frequency band is a low frequency band; A surface wave suppression structure is disposed on the dielectric substrate between the first antenna element and the second antenna element, and the surface wave suppression structure is used to suppress the propagation of radio frequency signals of the first frequency band on the surface of the dielectric substrate. When the second antenna element and the surface wave suppression structure are disposed on the same layer of the dielectric substrate, the surface wave suppression structure reuses part of the radiator of the second antenna element as a component of the surface wave suppression structure.

2. The stacked component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first frequency band includes at least one of the mid-frequency band, high-frequency band, and ultra-high-frequency band.

3. The stacked component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second antenna element includes: A first radiator, with a portion of its branches extending into the region where the first antenna element is located, to couple with the radiator of the first antenna element.

4. The stacked component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second antenna element includes: A first radiator, at least some branches of which are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the dielectric substrate.

5. The stacked component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second antenna element includes: A first radiator, wherein at least some branches of the first radiator are arranged along the edge extension direction of the dielectric substrate.

6. The stacked assembly according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first frequency band includes two different frequency bands, and the first antenna element includes: The second radiator has a first feed point for receiving a first excitation signal to support radio frequency signal transmission in one frequency band of the first frequency band under the excitation of the first excitation signal. The third radiator has a second feed point for accessing the second excitation signal to support the transmission of radio frequency signals in another frequency band of the first frequency band under the excitation of the second excitation signal.

7. The stacked component according to claim 6, characterized in that, At least some branches of the second radiator and at least some branches of the third radiator are arranged along the extension direction of the edge of the dielectric substrate; and / or, at least some branches of the second radiator and at least some branches of the third radiator extend in opposite directions.

8. The stacked component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface wave suppression structure is a semi-enclosed structure or a fully enclosed structure, and when the surface wave suppression structure is a semi-enclosed structure, the opening direction is towards the edge of the dielectric substrate.

9. The stacked component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the radiator of the first antenna element and the surface wave suppression structure is greater than 0.01 times the target wavelength, where the target wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency of the first frequency band.

10. A means of transportation, characterized in that, include: ontology; The stacked component according to any one of claims 1-9 is mounted on the body.

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