Film with asymmetric grin optical element for application to eyeglass or oththmic lens

Abstract

A film (1), an ophthalmic lens comprising the film (1), eyeglasses comprising an ophthalmic lens comprising the film (1), and a method of manufacturing the film (1) are described. The film (1) has a basic refractive index and comprises at least one gradient index optical element (7a, 7b) having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to films for use in ophthalmic lenses comprising at least one gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile. The present disclosure also relates to ophthalmic lenses comprising such films, and methods of making such films. Background Art

[0002] Many people, including children and adults, need ophthalmic lenses to correct myopia, and many adults need ophthalmic lenses to correct presbyopia (age-related inability to accommodate and therefore focus on near objects). Ophthalmic lenses may also be needed to correct farsightedness, astigmatism, or keratoconus (a condition in which the cornea gradually bulges to form a cone).

[0003] Without optical correction, a myopic eye focuses incoming light from distant objects to a location in front of the retina. Thus, the light converges toward a plane in front of the retina, then diverges away from that plane and is out of focus when it reaches the retina. Conventional lenses (e.g., spectacle lenses and contact lenses) used to correct myopia reduce the convergence (for contact lenses) or cause divergence (for spectacle lenses) of incoming light from distant objects before it reaches the eye, so that the location of the focal point is shifted onto the retina.

[0004] In presbyopia, the lens cannot effectively change shape to accommodate near objects, and therefore a person suffering from presbyopia cannot focus on near objects. Conventional lenses (e.g., spectacle lenses and contact lenses) used to correct presbyopia include bifocal or progressive lenses that include an area optimized for near vision and an area optimized for distance vision. Presbyopia can also be treated using bifocal or multifocal lenses or single vision lenses (where a different prescription is provided for each eye, one eye is provided with a distance vision lens, and one eye is provided with a near vision lens).

[0005] It was proposed several decades ago that the progression of myopia in children or young adults could be slowed or prevented by undercorrection (i.e., moving the focus toward the retina but not completely onto the retina). However, such an approach necessarily results in a reduction in distance vision compared to the vision obtained with a lens that fully corrects myopia. Furthermore, it is now questionable whether undercorrection is an effective way to control developing myopia. A newer approach is to provide lenses with both fully corrected areas that provide distance vision and areas that are undercorrected or intentionally induce myopic defocus. Lenses that increase the scattering of light in specific areas compared to light that passes through the fully corrected areas of the lens can also be provided. It has been proposed that these approaches can prevent or slow the development or progression of myopia in children or young adults while providing good distance vision.

[0006] Where a lens has a zone that provides defocus, the zone that provides full correction for distance vision is often referred to as the base power zone, and the zone that provides undercorrection or intentionally induced myopic defocus is often referred to as the additional power zone or myopic defocus zone (because the refractive power is more positive or less negative than the power of the hyperopic corrective base power zone). The surface (usually the front surface) of the additional power zone has a radius of curvature that is smaller than the radius of curvature of the hyperopic power zone, and therefore provides more positive or less negative refractive power to the eye. The additional power zone is designed to focus incoming parallel light (i.e., light from a distance) into the eye in front of the retina (i.e., closer to the lens), while the hyperopic power zone is designed to focus light and form an image at the retina (i.e., farther away from the lens). When the lens wearer is viewing a near object and uses accommodation to focus light passing through the hyperopic power zone, the additional power zone will focus the light in front of the retina.

[0007] In the case of lenses that increase light scattering in specific areas, features that increase scattering can be introduced into the lens surface or can be introduced into the material used to form the lens. For example, scattering elements can be produced into the lens surface by thermal or mechanical or light induced methods, or embedded in the lens. The scattering elements can be, for example, laser induced material changes to form optical elements embedded in the lens material.

[0008] A known type of contact lens that reduces myopia progression is a bifocal contact lens available under the name MISIGHT (CooperVision, Inc.). This bifocal lens differs from bifocal or multifocal contact lenses configured to improve vision for presbyopes in that the bifocal lens is configured with specific optical dimensions to enable an adaptable person to use the distance vision correction (i.e., base power) for viewing both distant and near objects. The treatment area of ​​the bifocal lens with added power also provides a myopic defocused image at both distant and near viewing distances.

[0009] While these lenses have been found to be beneficial in preventing or slowing the development or progression of myopia, the annular add power zone may produce undesirable visual side effects. Light focused in front of the retina by the annular add power zone diverges from the focal point to form a defocused ring at the retina. As a result, wearers of these lenses may see a ring or 'halo' around the image formed on the retina, especially for small bright objects (such as street lamps and car headlights). In addition, in theory, the wearer could utilize the additional annular add power zone to focus on near objects, rather than using the eye's natural accommodation (i.e., the eye's natural ability to change focus) to bring near objects into focus; in other words, the wearer may inadvertently use the lens in the same manner as a presbyopia correction lens, which is undesirable for young subjects.

[0010] Further lenses have been developed that can be used to treat myopia. In these lenses, the annular region is configured so that no single on-axis image is formed in front of the retina, thereby preventing this image from being used to focus near objects and avoiding the need for the eye to accommodate. Instead, a distant point light source is imaged by the annular region to an annular focal line at the near add power focal plane, resulting in a small spot size of light on the retina at the distance focal plane, without a surrounding 'halo' effect.

[0011] For treating myopia, it is recognized that it may be beneficial to provide a lens that introduces additional myopic defocus. For treating presbyopia, it may be beneficial to provide a lens that produces an extended depth of focus.

[0012] It is recognized that known lenses that include a therapeutic portion for introducing defocus are generally designed to provide a specific treatment to the lens wearer. The lenses can be expensive and complex in design, and over time, if the needs of the lens wearer change, they may need to purchase different lenses that provide different levels of correction.

[0013] The present invention seeks to provide a simple and cost-effective alternative to known lenses for preventing or slowing the progression of myopia.Such lenses may also be beneficial in correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus or other refractive abnormalities. Summary of the invention

[0014] According to a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a film for application to an ophthalmic lens according to claim 1 .

[0015] According to a second aspect, the present disclosure comprises an ophthalmic lens according to claim 19 .

[0016] According to a third aspect, the present disclosure comprises spectacles according to claim 22 .

[0017] According to a fourth aspect, the present disclosure comprises a method according to claim 23 .

[0018] Of course, it will be appreciated that features described with respect to one aspect of the disclosure may be incorporated into other aspects of the disclosure. For example, the method of the disclosure may incorporate features described with respect to the apparatus of the disclosure and vice versa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Example embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

[0020] Figure 1A is a top view of a film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 1B yes Figure 1AA top view of one of the GRIN optical elements having a thin film;

[0022] Figure 1C yes Figure 1A A perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG.

[0023] Figure 1D It is a display Figure 1B and 1C A diagram of the refractive index distribution of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG.

[0024] Figure 1E It is used in ophthalmic lenses Figure 1A A cross-sectional view of a thin film;

[0025] Figure 2A is a top view of a film according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 2B is formed Figure 2A A top view of one of the GRIN optical elements showing a portion of an inner ring of the GRIN optical element in a thin film;

[0027] Figure 2C yes Figure 2B A perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG.

[0028] Figure 2D is formed Figure 2A A top view of one of the GRIN optical elements of a portion of an outer ring of the GRIN optical element in a thin film;

[0029] Figure 2E yes Figure 2D A perspective view of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG.

[0030] Figure 2F It is a display Figures 2B to 2E A diagram of the refractive index distribution of the GRIN optical element shown in FIG.

[0031] Figure 2G It is used in ophthalmic lenses Figure 2A A cross-sectional view of a thin film;

[0032] Figure 3A is a top view of a film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 3B yes Figure 3A A top view of one of the GRIN elements shown in FIG.

[0034] Figure 3C It is displayed around Figure 3BA graph of the refractive index profile in the circumferential direction of one of the GRIN optical elements shown in FIG.

[0035] Figure 3D It is used in ophthalmic lenses Figure 3A A cross-sectional view of a thin film;

[0036] Figure 4 is a front view of a pair of glasses including lenses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 5A is a top view of a film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 5B It is used in ophthalmic lenses Figure 5A a cross-sectional view of a small portion of a film; and

[0039] Figure 6 is a flow chart showing a method of manufacturing a thin film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] According to a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a film for application to an ophthalmic lens, wherein the film has a base refractive index and comprises at least one gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0041] The film can be used to prevent or slow the development or progression of myopia. The film can be used to correct or improve vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive abnormality.

[0042] The film may be a cross-linked polymer film. The film may be a film. The film may have been formed from a matrix of uncross-linked polymer. The film may be HX film. The film can have a uniform thickness.

[0043] The base refractive index of the film may be uniform. The base refractive index of the film may be between 1.3 and 1.8, preferably about 1.5. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have an average refractive index greater than the base refractive index. Alternatively, each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have an average refractive index less than the base refractive index.

[0044] In the context of the present disclosure, each of at least one GRIN optical element is an element having a varying and asymmetric refractive index profile in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. Each element may be substantially cylindrical, or cylindrical with an elliptical or oval cross section, and may have its cylindrical axis perpendicular to the plane of the layer. Each element may be substantially spherical or cubic. Each element may have a circular, elliptical, oval or square cross section in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. Each element may have a circular, elliptical, oval or square cross section and a flat surface flush with the surface of the layer. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the refractive index variation across at least one GRIN optical element will be asymmetric in at least one lateral direction (i.e., a direction extending parallel to the surface of the layer).

[0045] The asymmetric refractive index variation may be a radial refractive index variation, i.e., the refractive index may vary extending radially outward from a point at the center of the GRIN optical element and in a plane parallel to the surface of the film (i.e., a transverse plane). The asymmetric refractive index variation may be in a circumferential direction, i.e., the refractive index may vary around the circumference of the GRIN element in a plane parallel to the surface of the film, and the refractive index variation may be different along different meridians of the GRIN optical element.

[0046] The asymmetric refractive index variation can be a variation in a linear direction parallel to the surface of the film.

[0047] Advantageously, GRIN optical elements can provide defocus. It is believed that defocus can help prevent or slow the progression of myopia. It is believed that defocus can help correct or improve vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus or other refractive abnormalities. GRIN optical elements can be arranged so that they provide random refractive index modulation across the film, thereby increasing the spread of light across the retina and reducing image contrast.

[0048] The refractive index variation of any of the at least one GRIN optical element may be defined by an asymmetric polynomial function.

[0049] The film may have a film axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film. If the film has a circular cross-section, the film axis may be at the radial midpoint of the film, or the film axis may be oriented toward the radial midpoint of the film. The film axis may be the optical axis of the film. The optical axis of the film may be defined with reference to a distant point source located on the optical axis of the film. Light from a distant point source located on the optical axis of the film and passing through a region of the film having a basic refractive index will be focused to a point on the optical axis of the film. Due to the asymmetric refractive index distribution of the GRIN optical element, light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the film passing through one of the GRIN optical elements of the film having a basic refractive index will be focused toward a point at a first distance from the optical axis of the film. Therefore, incoming light from a distant point source incident on at least one gradient refractive index optical element in a direction substantially normal to the plane of the film is focused in a direction that is not normal to the plane of the film.

[0050] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element is a lens having its own local optical axis. Due to the asymmetric refractive index distribution, the local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical element is tilted relative to the optical axis of the film. The local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical element is defined with reference to a distant point source. Light from a distant point source on the local optical axis of the GRIN optical element (which may be referred to as an on-axis distant point source hereinafter) will be focused on the local optical axis of the GRIN optical element. Light passing through each of the GRIN optical elements from a distant point source on the optical axis of the film will be focused to a point on the local optical axis of the GRIN element. A GRIN optical element having an asymmetric refractive index variation in a direction parallel to the surface of the film (i.e., a transverse direction) will have a local optical axis tilted relative to the optical axis of the lens, and therefore, light passing through each of the GRIN optical elements from a distant point source on the optical axis of the film will be focused to a point at a first distance from the optical axis of the film. The focal power of each of the GRIN optical elements will depend on the refractive index distribution of the GRIN optical element.

[0051] The film may be disposed on the surface of an ophthalmic lens (which may be referred to hereinafter as a lens). This lens may be a lens for preventing or slowing the development or progression of myopia. The lens may be a lens for correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive abnormality.

[0052] An ophthalmic lens will have an optical axis. When a film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ophthalmic lens, the optical axis of the lens-film assembly may be affected by the optical properties of the film. Hereinafter, where a film is referred to when it has been applied to a lens, and where the optical axis of the lens is referred to, the optical axis will be the optical axis of the lens when considered in conjunction with the film.

[0053] The film can be configured on the surface of the lens so that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having a base refractive index is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through at least one gradient refractive index optical element is focused toward a point at a first distance from the optical axis.

[0054] The optical axis of a lens may be defined with reference to a distant point source located on the optical axis of the lens. A distant point source located on the optical axis of the lens (which may be referred to hereinafter as an on-axis distant point source) will be focused onto the optical axis of the lens. The optical axis may be along the centerline of the lens. For example, when the lens is a contact lens, the optical axis is typically along the centerline of the lens. However, the optical axis may of course not be along the centerline of the lens; this may be the case for spectacle lenses, where the position of the optical axis of the lens will be determined by the wearer's pupil distance, which, depending on the geometry of the lens, may not coincide with the centerline of the lens.

[0055] When the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through an area of ​​the film having a base refractive index can be focused to a focal point on the optical axis of the lens at the base refractive power focal plane. The base refractive power focal plane can be defined as a surface that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and passes through the focal point of the lens. As used herein, the term surface does not refer to a physical surface, but rather to a surface that can be drawn through a point that will focus light from a distant object. This surface is also referred to as an image plane (even though it may be a curved surface) or an image shell. The eye focuses light onto a curved retina, and in a perfectly focused eye, the curvature of the image shell will match the curvature of the retina. Therefore, the eye does not focus light onto a flat mathematical plane. However, in the art, the curved surface of the retina is typically referred to as a plane. When the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis point source passing through the film is focused to a focal point on the optical axis of the lens at the base refractive power focal plane. Due to the asymmetric refractive index distribution, when the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through at least one GRIN optical element will be directed toward a point that is not on the optical axis of the lens (i.e., an off-axis focus).

[0056] When the film is applied to a lens, the local optical axis of each of the at least one GRIN optical element is tilted relative to the optical axis of the lens due to the asymmetric refractive index profile. The GRIN optical elements with asymmetric refractive index variation in the direction parallel to the surface of the film (i.e., the lateral direction) will have a local optical axis tilted relative to the optical axis of the lens, and therefore, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through each of the GRIN optical elements will be focused to a point at a first distance from the optical axis of the lens. The focal power of each of the GRIN optical elements will depend on the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element.

[0057] Any or all of the at least one GRIN optical element may be configured such that when the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element forms a small spot of light centered on the optical axis of the lens at the base power focal plane. Thus, although each of the GRIN optical elements may focus light toward an off-axis focus, the approximate superposition of an image formed by light passing through a region of the lens having a base refractive index and a defocused image formed by light passing through the GRIN optical element may improve the quality or contrast of the image formed at the retina, and may improve the vision of the lens wearer. Alternatively, any or all of the at least one GRIN optical element may be configured such that when the film is applied to the lens, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element does not intersect the optical axis of the lens at the base power focal plane. This may result in reduced contrast or reduced image quality of the image formed at the retina, which may be advantageous in reducing myopia progression.

[0058] The film may include a plurality of GRIN optical elements. The film may include a plurality of GRIN elements randomly distributed across the film. The plurality of GRIN elements may be randomly distributed across portions of the film. The film may include a plurality of GRIN optical elements arranged to form at least one annular ring. The at least one annular ring may be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. At least one annular ring may be centered on the film axis, wherein the film axis extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film. When the film is applied to a lens, the film may be configured so that at least one annular ring is centered on the optical axis of the lens. The film may include at least two concentric annular rings positioned at different radial distances from the film axis. The film may be configured on the lens so that a plurality of GRIN optical elements may be arranged to form at least two concentric annular rings positioned at different radial distances from the optical axis of the lens.

[0059] GRIN optical elements can be positioned at regular intervals across the entire film or a portion of the film. GRIN optical elements can be arranged at the points of a triangular lattice. GRIN optical elements can be arranged at the points of a square or rectangular lattice.

[0060] The GRIN optical elements may be arranged to form an annular pattern on the film. The annular pattern may leave a central region of the film free of GRIN optical elements. The film may have a central region with a diameter of up to 8 mm that does not have GRIN optical elements. When the film is applied to a lens, the film may be configured so that the annular pattern leaves a central region of the lens free of GRIN optical elements. The lens may have a central region with a diameter of up to 8 mm that does not have GRIN optical elements. The annular pattern may include a single ring or multiple concentric rings.

[0061] The film may include at least one second annular ring of a GRIN optical element. The second annular ring of the optical element may be positioned at a different radial distance from the axis of the film. When the film is applied to a lens, the film may be configured so that the second annular ring of the optical element is a second different radial distance from the axis of the film.

[0062] At least two of the GRIN optical elements may be substantially identical, ie, they may have the same size and shape, and they may have the same asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0063] When the film is applied to the lens, the at least two GRIN optical elements can focus light from an on-axis distant point source toward a point that is not on the optical axis of the lens and is located on the same focal plane. The refractive index profiles of the at least two GRIN elements can vary so that when the lens including the film is positioned on the eye, light from the on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical elements will be located at a surface closer to the back surface of the lens than the base refractive power focal plane. The refractive index profiles of the at least two GRIN elements can vary so that when the lens including the film is positioned on the eye, light from the on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical elements will be focused at a surface farther from the back surface of the lens than the base refractive power focal plane.

[0064] Substantially identical GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis (e.g., GRIN optical elements arranged in circular concentric rings centered on the film axis) can focus light toward off-axis points equidistant from the film axis or the optical axis of the film. When the film is applied to a lens, substantially identical GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis of the lens (e.g., GRIN optical elements arranged in circular concentric rings centered on the optical axis) can focus light toward off-axis points equidistant from the optical axis of the lens and at the same focal plane. Thus, the focus formed by light passing through these GRIN optical elements can form a circular ring at the focal plane. Similarly, substantially identical GRIN optical elements can be arranged to form an elliptical or oval ring centered on the film axis. When the film is applied to a lens, the focus formed by light passing through these GRIN optical elements from a distant point source on the axis can form an elliptical or oval ring at the focal plane. The film can be arranged on the surface of the lens so that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having a base refractive index is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through at least one annular ring of the gradient refractive index optical element forms an annular ring of focus at the focal plane.

[0065] At least two of the GRIN optical elements may have different asymmetric refractive index profiles. In this case, at least two GRIN optical elements will have different local optical axes. When the film is applied to a lens, for a first and a second GRIN element having different refractive index profiles and positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis of the lens, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the first GRIN optical element may be focused to a point at a first distance from the optical axis of the lens, and light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the second GRIN optical element may be focused to a point at a second, different distance from the optical axis of the lens. The focal point of each of the GRIN optical elements will depend on the asymmetric refractive index profile of the GRIN elements, and the positions of the GRIN optical elements.

[0066] When the film is applied to a lens, at least two of the GRIN optical elements having different refractive index profiles may focus light toward different focal planes.

[0067] Each of the plurality of GRIN optical elements may have a different refractive index variation. Alternatively, some GRIN optical elements may have the same refractive index variation and other elements may have different refractive index variations. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may be distributed so that GRIN optical elements with the same or similar refractive index variation may be clustered or grouped in an ordered arrangement. The film may be divided into a plurality of distinct portions, each of which includes a GRIN optical element with the same or similar refractive index variation.

[0068] There may be a correlation between the refractive index profile of each of the at least one GRIN optical element and the radial position of the component from the film axis. GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis (e.g., positioned around a ring centered on the film axis) may have the same refractive index profile. GRIN elements positioned at different radial distances from the film axis may have different refractive index profiles.

[0069] GRIN optical elements positioned at a greater radial distance from the film axis can have a refractive index profile that results in greater power than GRIN optical elements positioned at a smaller radial distance from the film axis.

[0070] When the film is applied to a lens and when the lens is in use, GRIN optical elements positioned at a larger radial distance from the optical axis of the lens substrate can focus light from a distant point source on the axis toward a surface closer to the back surface of the lens substrate than GRIN optical elements positioned at a smaller radial distance from the optical axis of the lens.

[0071] The film may include GRIN optical elements forming a first annulus, and these GRIN elements may have a first refractive index distribution. The film may include GRIN elements forming a second annulus, and these GRIN elements may have a second different refractive index distribution. The first annulus may be at a smaller radial distance from the axis of the film than the second annulus. When the film is applied to the lens, the first refractive index distribution may cause the GRIN optical elements forming part of the first annulus to focus light toward the first focal plane, and the second refractive index distribution may cause the GRIN elements forming the second annulus to focus light toward the second focal plane. When this lens is worn by a user, the first focal plane and / or the second focal plane may be closer to the back surface of the lens than the base focal plane. The first focal plane may be closer to the back surface of the lens than the second focal plane. The first focal plane may be farther away from the back surface of the lens than the second focal plane.

[0072] The film may include GRIN optical elements forming a plurality of concentric annular rings. The GRIN optical elements within the same annular ring may have the same refractive index profile. The GRIN optical elements forming different annular rings may have different refractive index profiles. An annular ring positioned at a greater radial distance from the axis of the film may include a GRIN element having a refractive index variation that results in a greater focal power of the element. When the film is applied to the lens and when the lens is in use, the annular ring positioned at a greater radial distance from the optical axis of the lens substrate may include a GRIN element that focuses light toward a surface closer to the rear surface of the lens than an annular ring positioned at a smaller radial distance from the optical axis of the lens. Alternatively, the annular ring positioned at a greater radial distance from the axis of the film may include a GRIN element with a smaller focal power. In this case, when the film is applied to the lens and when the lens is in use, the annular ring positioned at a greater radial distance from the optical axis of the lens may include a GRIN element that focuses light toward a surface farther from the rear surface of the lens than an annular ring positioned at a smaller radial distance from the optical axis of the lens.

[0073] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may produce additional scattering of light incident on the GRIN optical element compared to light incident on the remainder of the film.

[0074] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index difference of at least 0.001, preferably at least 0.005, compared to the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index of 0.001 greater than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index of 0.005 greater than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index of 0.005 less than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index of 0.001 less than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index difference of less than 0.1, preferably less than 0.025, compared to the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index of 0.1 greater than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a maximum refractive index of 0.025 greater than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index of 0.1 less than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index that is 0.025 less than the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive index that is equal to the base refractive index. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive power between -25D and +25D, preferably between -0.25D and +25.0D. For a film for preventing or slowing the development or progression of myopia, each GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive power between -0.25D and +25.0D. For a film for preventing or slowing the development or progression of hyperopia, each GRIN optical element may have a minimum refractive power between 0.0 and -25.0D.

[0075] The film has a finite thickness, and each of the at least one GRIN optical element may extend through the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may extend only halfway through the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may be embedded within the film. The thickness of the film may be uniform. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may be embedded within the film without changing the thickness of the film. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a uniform thickness. Each of the at least one GRIN element may have a flat surface flush with the surface of the film.

[0076] The film may be a cross-linked polymer film comprising at least one GRIN optical element. The film may have been formed from a matrix of uncross-linked polymer.

[0077] The film may be reusable such that the film can be easily removed and reapplied to the same substrate or a different lens substrate.

[0078] The film may have a uniform thickness.

[0079] The film may be a flexible transparent film. For contact lenses, the film may have a thickness between 1 μm and 100 μm, preferably between 10 μm and 20 μm, and more preferably between 14 μm and 18 μm. For eyeglass lenses, the film may have a thickness between 1 μm and 1000 μm, preferably between 10 μm and 20 μm, and more preferably between 14 μm and 18 μm.

[0080] Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a width between 1 μm and 5 mm, preferably between 10 μm and 2 mm. Each of the at least one GRIN optical element may have a width between 1 μm and 5 mm, preferably between 10 μm and 2 mm. 3 With 5mm 3 between, preferably between 10 μm 3 With 2mm 3 The plurality of GRIN optical elements may occupy between 5% and 80% of the volume of the film. The plurality of GRIN optical elements may cover between 20% and 80% of the surface area of ​​the film. The film may contain between 2 and 5000 GRIN optical elements.

[0081] The film may be sized and / or shaped to cover the entire surface of the lens, or to cover substantially all of the surface of the lens. Alternatively, the film may be sized and / or shaped and cover a portion of the surface of the lens. When the film is applied to the lens, the film may be configured to cover a central portion of the surface of the lens, for example, the portion configured to be located in front of the eye of the lens wearer when the ophthalmic lens is in use. The film may be configured to cover an annular area of ​​the surface surrounding the center of the lens. There may be a peripheral area of ​​the lens that is not covered by the film.

[0082] When the film is applied to the lens, the film may be configured to cover a portion of the annular region of the lens. It may be the case that the film does not cover the central region of the lens, and therefore the central region may not have GRIN optical elements. The film may cover the entire annular region or a portion of the annular region. As used herein, the term annular region refers to an area of ​​the lens that may extend around the entire outer edge of the central region or may extend partially around the outer edge of the central region. The annular region of the lens may be circular, oval, or elliptical in shape. The annular region of the lens may include multiple GRIN optical elements. Multiple GRIN optical elements may be distributed around the entire annular region, or may be distributed across a portion of the annular region.

[0083] The film may comprise a plurality of concentric annular regions separated radially by regions of the film having a base refractive index.

[0084] At least one GRIN optical element may be a photocured GRIN optical element. In the context of the present disclosure, a photocured GRIN optical element is a GRIN optical element that has been formed by photocuring or photopolymerization. A photocured GRIN optical element may be produced from photopolymerizable or photocurable molecules or other photocurable elements. Photocuring results in an asymmetrically varying refractive index across the photocured area. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed in a film. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed in a cross-linked polymer matrix, or in a resin.

[0085] The film may include an adhesive surface for adhering the film to a surface of an ophthalmic lens. The adhesive may include a transparent adhesive, such as an epoxy-based adhesive. The adhesive may be an adhesive layer.

[0086] According to a second aspect, the present disclosure provides an ophthalmic lens comprising a film. The film may include any of the features set forth above. The ophthalmic lens (which may be referred to hereinafter as a lens) may be a lens for preventing or slowing the development or progression of myopia. The lens may be a lens for correcting or improving vision associated with presbyopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, keratoconus, or another refractive abnormality.

[0087] The film may cover the entire surface of the lens, or substantially all of the surface of the lens. Alternatively, the film may cover a portion of the surface of the lens. The film may cover a central portion of the surface of the lens, for example, the portion configured to be located in front of the eye of the lens wearer when the ophthalmic lens is in use. There may be peripheral areas of the lens that are not covered by the film.

[0088] The lens may be a spectacle lens. For a spectacle lens, it may be advantageous to distribute the GRIN optical elements across a relatively large area of ​​the lens, as this may enable the defocus caused by the GRIN optical elements to be maintained as the eye of the lens wearer moves relative to the lens. Multiple GRIN optical elements distributed across the spectacle lens may enable maintaining a consistent myopic defocus. The spectacle lens may include PMMA, CR-39, polycarbonate, Trivex, or crown glass.

[0089] The ophthalmic lens may be a contact lens. The film may be disposed on the front surface of the ophthalmic lens. In the context of the present disclosure, the front surface of the ophthalmic lens is the front-facing or outer surface of the lens when the ophthalmic lens is worn by a lens wearer.

[0090] The ophthalmic lens may be circular in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be elliptical in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be oval in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be rectangular in shape. The ophthalmic lens may be square in shape. The front surface of the ophthalmic lens may have a diameter between 1200 mm and 1200 mm. 2 With 3000mm 2The area between. The ophthalmic lens may be formed from clear glass or a rigid plastic such as polycarbonate. The ophthalmic lens may be substantially planar and may have at least one curved surface that provides the refractive power of the lens.

[0091] The lens may be a contact lens. As used herein, the term contact lens refers to an ophthalmic lens that can be placed on the front surface of the eye. It will be appreciated that such a contact lens will provide clinically acceptable supraorbital movement and will not be combined with one or both eyes of a person. The contact lens may be in the form of a corneal lens (e.g., a lens that rests on the cornea of ​​the eye). In embodiments where the lens is a contact lens, the lens may have a diameter between 60 mm and 1.5 mm. 2 With 750mm 2 The lens may have a surface area between 10 mm and 15 mm. The lens may have a circular shape. The lens may have an oval shape. The lens may have an elliptical shape. The lens may have a diameter between 10 mm and 15 mm.

[0092] The lens can be a hard contact lens. The lens can be a hard high oxygen permeable contact lens.

[0093] The contact lens may be a toric contact lens. For example, a toric contact lens may include an optical zone that is shaped to correct a person's astigmatism. The lens may be a scleral contact lens.

[0094] The ophthalmic lens may be a soft contact lens, such as a hydrogel contact lens or a silicone hydrogel contact lens.

[0095] Ophthalmic lenses may include elastomeric materials, silicone elastomeric materials, hydrogel materials, or silicone hydrogel materials, or combinations thereof. As understood in the field of contact lenses, hydrogels are materials that maintain water in equilibrium and do not have silicone-containing chemicals. Silicone hydrogels are hydrogels that contain silicone-containing chemicals. As described in the background of the present disclosure, hydrogel materials and silicone hydrogel materials have an equilibrium water content (EWC) of at least 10% to about 90% (wt / wt). In some embodiments, the hydrogel material or silicone hydrogel material has an EWC of from about 30% to about 70% (wt / wt). In contrast, as described in the background of the present disclosure, silicone elastomeric materials have a water content of from about 0% to less than 10% (wt / wt). Typically, silicone elastomeric materials used with the disclosed methods or apparatus have a water content of from 0.1% to 3% (wt / wt). Examples of suitable lens formulations include those with the following United States Adopted Names (USAN): methafilcon A, ocufilcon A, ocufilcon B, ocufilcon C, ocufilcon D, omafilcon A, omafilcon B, comfilcon A, enfilcon A, stenfilcon A, fanfilcon A, etafilcon A, senofilcon A, senofilcon B, senofilcon C, narafilcon A, narafilcon B, balafilcon A, samfilcon A, lotrafilcon A, lotrafilcon B, somofilcon A, riofilcon A, delefilcon A, verofilcon A, kalifilcon A, lehfilcon A, and the like.

[0096] Alternatively, the ophthalmic lens may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a silicone elastomeric material. For example, the lens may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a silicone elastomeric material having a Shore A hardness from 3 to 50. The Shore A hardness may be determined using conventional methods as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art (e.g., using method DIN 53505). Other silicone elastomeric materials may be obtained, for example, from NuSil Technology or Dow Chemical Company.

[0097] The film may be disposed on the front surface of the lens. The film may be disposed on the back surface of the lens. The film may be disposed on both the front and back surfaces of the lens. The film may be releasably affixed or otherwise applied to the lens, i.e., it may be easily removed from the lens. The film may be reusable, such that the film may be easily removed and reapplied to the same substrate or a different lens.

[0098] An ophthalmic lens may have an optical zone. The optical zone encompasses the portion of the lens that is optically functional. The optical zone is configured to be positioned above or in front of the pupil of the eye when in use. The optical zone may be surrounded by a peripheral zone. The peripheral zone is not part of the optical zone, but is located outside the optical zone. For contact lenses, the peripheral zone may be located above the iris when the lens is worn. The peripheral zone may provide a mechanical function, such as increasing the size of the lens, thereby making the lens easier to handle. For contact lenses, the peripheral zone may provide a weight that prevents rotation of the lens, and / or provide a shaped area that improves the comfort of the lens wearer. The peripheral zone may extend to the edge of the lens. A film may cover the optical zone, but it may be the case that it does not cover the peripheral zone.

[0099] The lens may have a central area and an annular area surrounding the central area. When the film is applied to the lens, the film may cover a portion of the annular area. It may be the case that the film does not cover the central area, and therefore the central area may not have GRIN optical elements. The film may cover the entire annular area or a portion of the annular area. As used herein, the term annular area refers to an area that may extend around the entire outer edge of the central area or may extend partially around the outer edge of the central area. The annular area may be circular, oval or elliptical in shape. The annular area may include multiple GRIN optical elements. Multiple GRIN optical elements may be distributed around the entire annular area, or may be distributed across a portion of the annular area.

[0100] The lens may further include an adhesive disposed between the film and the surface of the lens substrate. The adhesive may include a transparent adhesive, such as an epoxy-based adhesive. The adhesive may be an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer may be applied to the front surface of the lens substrate during the manufacture of the lens. The adhesive may permanently adhere the layer to the surface of the lens. Alternatively, the film may be bonded to the surface of the lens. The film may be permanently or irreversibly bonded to the surface of the lens.

[0101] The lens may further include a protective layer disposed on the front surface of the film. When the lens is in normal use and worn by the lens wearer, the front surface of the film is the front-facing surface or outer surface of the film. The film may include a substrate configured to provide a protective layer when the film is applied to the surface of the ophthalmic lens. The protective layer may cover all or part of the front surface of the film. The protective layer may be a transparent layer. The protective layer may include polycarbonate (PC). The protective layer may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or triacetate cellulose (TAC). The protective layer may include a substance with negligible birefringence. The protective layer may be impermeable. The protective layer may be scratch-resistant. The protective layer may have a basic refractive index. The protective layer may provide a certain degree of UV protection. The protective layer may be attached to the film using an adhesive.

[0102] According to a third aspect, the present disclosure provides spectacles comprising an ophthalmic lens according to the second aspect. The ophthalmic lens may comprise any of the features set out above.

[0103] According to a fourth aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a film. The film may include any of the features set forth above. The method includes providing a photocurable film, and using a digital light projection system to photocuring at least one region of the film, thereby producing at least one photocured gradient refractive index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index distribution.

[0104] In the context of the present disclosure, a photocured GRIN optical element is a GRIN optical element that has been formed by photocuring or photopolymerization. A photocured GRIN optical element may be produced from photopolymerizable or photocurable molecules or other photocurable elements. Photocuring results in an asymmetrically varying refractive index across the photocured area. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed in a film. The photocurable molecules may be dispersed in a cross-linked polymer matrix, or in a resin.

[0105] In the context of the present disclosure, a digital light projection (DLP) system is a light illumination system used to direct light toward a photocurable film, thereby photocuring an area of ​​the film. The DLP system used has a wavelength suitable for photopolymerization or photocuring of the target film material. For example, for HX film, the DLP system may have a wavelength in the range between 440nm and 660nm. The pixel resolution of the DLP system may be less than 100μm, preferably less than 30μm, and more preferably less than 10μm. The DLP system may be a commercial DLP system, for example, a 3DLP9000-LED.9" WQXGA light engine with a 460nm wavelength and a 30nm pixel resolution. The DLP system may include a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The DLP system may include a digital mirror device. The digital mirror device may guide light and / or control light transmission toward the film.

[0106] The DLP system can be used to illuminate an entire film or an area of ​​a film. The DLP system can be used to photocuring individual photocurable elements or molecules, or multiple individual photocurable molecules. Multiple individual photocurable molecules can be photocured sequentially or simultaneously. The DLP system can be used to illuminate an annular area of ​​a film or multiple concentric annular areas of a film.

[0107] Using a digital light projection system may include using a grayscale image to control the projection of light onto the film. The grayscale image may provide a template for projecting light from the DLP system onto the film. The grayscale image may be a .bmp image. The grayscale image may mask some areas of the film so that these areas are not exposed to the light from the DLP system while exposing at least one area of ​​the film to the light from the DLP system. The grayscale image may expose multiple areas to the light from the DLP system. The areas of the film exposed to the light from the DLP system may be photocured to produce a photocured GRIN optical element.

[0108] A method of making a thin film may include generating a design for the thin film, wherein the design has a desired pattern of photocured GRIN optical elements with an asymmetric refractive index profile. The method may include generating a grayscale image using the design.

[0109] The grayscale image may be designed to produce any arrangement of the photocured GRIN elements described above, wherein the GRIN optical elements have an asymmetric refractive index distribution. The grayscale image may include multiple pores that enable light from the DLP system to reach the film. Areas of the film illuminated by light from the DLP system may be photocured. The image may include blocking or shielding multiple portions of the film from light. Areas of the film not illuminated by light from the DLP system will not be photocured. The image may include multiple pores arranged in a pattern. The desired pattern of the photocured GRIN optical element may be an array of GRIN optical elements arranged on a lattice of the film, and in this case, the image may include multiple pores arranged on the lattice. The lattice may be a triangular lattice, a square lattice, or a cubic lattice. Alternatively, the desired pattern of the photocured gradient refractive index optical element may include at least one annular ring of the photocured gradient refractive index optical element. The desired pattern of the photocured gradient refractive index optical element may include multiple concentric annular rings of the photocured gradient refractive index optical element.

[0110] The method may include modeling a desired asymmetric refractive index profile for each of at least one photocured GRIN element and determining at least one exposure condition required to produce the desired asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0111] Modeling can be used to determine the intensity of exposure and / or the duration of exposure and / or the wavelength of exposure required to photocure a GRIN element having a desired asymmetric refractive index profile. The conditions may depend on the characteristics of the DLP system, such as the wavelength, intensity, and type of light source. The conditions may depend on the film properties, such as the film material and film thickness. Modeling can be performed using any suitable modeling software (e.g., MATLAB®). TM ). Modeling can be performed using experimental (measured) data or theoretical (predicted) data. The predicted data can be based on known properties of the film material and / or the DLP system. The desired refractive index profile for each of the photocured GRIN elements can be defined by an asymmetric polynomial function or can be approximated by an asymmetric polynomial function. The desired asymmetric refractive index profile can be modeled for a single photocured GRIN element or for multiple photocured GRIN elements. For a film comprising multiple GRIN optical elements, the desired asymmetric refractive index profile for each of at least one photocured GRIN element can be the same, or each of the photocured GRIN elements can have a different desired asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0112] The modeling step may include measuring or plotting a desired refractive index change map that varies depending on exposure conditions. The exposure conditions may be light intensity, duration of exposure, or wavelength of light. The map may be generated as a map with a non-planar surface. The map may be generated as a 3D map. The map may be iteratively updated and / or optimized to produce the desired refractive index distribution of the photocured GRIN optical element. The map may be a refractive index change map of a single photocured GRIN optical element or multiple photocured GRIN optical elements. The map can be used to generate a refractive index gradient pixel matrix for use in a DLP imaging system. The pixel matrix can identify the required exposure conditions for each pixel of the DLP imaging system to produce the required refractive index variation across the film. The refractive index gradient pixel matrix can be configured to produce a single photocured GRIN optical element, or between 2 and 5000 photocured GRIN elements distributed across the film. The refractive index gradient pixel matrix can be configured to produce a photocured GRIN element across an area between 20% and 80% of the film.

[0113] The modeling step may include converting the refractive index variation map into a digital light projection intensity map. The digital light projection intensity map may be a pixel matrix for a DLP system. The digital light projection intensity map may be generated from a refractive index gradient pixel matrix. When a grayscale image is generated for use in a DLP system, a digital light projection intensity map may be used. The digital light projection intensity map may be used to determine the required exposure conditions for use in a DLP system. The DLP intensity map may be used to generate a .bmp image. The image may be an 8-bit image. The exposure conditions may depend on the type of film, the desired pattern or arrangement of the photocured GRIN optical element, the properties of the film, and the properties of the DLP imaging system. Therefore, the digital light projection intensity map may be used to control the light projection onto the film by determining the required exposure conditions.

[0114] The modeled desired refractive index profile may result in an asymmetric refractive index profile when the refractive index variation map is converted into a digital light projection intensity map.

[0115] The desired refractive index profile may result in an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies in a radial direction in a plane parallel to the surface of the film. The desired refractive index profile may result in an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies in at least one linear direction parallel to the surface of the film. The desired refractive index profile may result in an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies in a circumferential direction in a plane parallel to the surface of the film.

[0116] The modeling step may include modeling at least two different desired refractive index profiles of at least two different photocured GRIN optical elements. The modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element depending on the position of the component within the desired pattern. If the desired pattern of GRIN optical elements includes a plurality of concentric annular rings of photocured gradient index optical elements, the modeling step may include selecting the same desired refractive index profile for GRIN optical elements forming the same annular ring. The modeling step may include selecting different desired refractive index profiles for GRIN optical elements forming portions of different annular rings. The modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that GRIN optical elements positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis have the same desired refractive index profile. The modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that GRIN optical elements positioned at a greater distance from the film axis have a more asymmetric desired refractive index profile. Alternatively, the modeling step may include selecting a desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element such that GRIN optical elements positioned at greater distances from the film axis have a more symmetric desired refractive index profile.

[0117] The method may include exposing the film to light from the DLP using a grayscale image and / or a digital light projection intensity map to control the light projection onto the exposure across the film. The method may include waiting a minimum amount of time for the film to develop. The method may include, after waiting the minimum amount of time for the film to develop, flood curing or flood exposing the film using a DLP system or using a UV oven.

[0118] The DLP system may include optics that cause a nonlinear intensity response. The method may involve determining whether there is a significant nonlinear response at any or all pixels. If there is a significant nonlinear response, the method may include adapting the digital light projection intensity map to account for the nonlinear response.

[0119] The desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one GRIN optical element can produce a photocured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 μm and 5.0 mm. The modeled refractive index profile can be configured to produce at least one photocured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 μm and 5.0 mm. The modeled refractive index profile can be optimized or iteratively optimized to produce at least one photocured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 μm and 5.0 mm. The desired refractive index profile for each of the at least one photocured GRIN optical element can produce a photocured GRIN optical element having a diameter between about 1 μm and 5.0 mm. 3 With 5mm 3 The desired refractive index profile of each of the at least one photocured GRIN optical element can produce a disk-shaped photocured GRIN element or a spherical photocured GRIN element having an asymmetric distribution in a direction parallel to the surface of the film. The modeled refractive index profile can be optimized or iteratively optimized to produce at least one photocured GRIN optical element having any of the properties described above.

[0120] Figure 1A 1 is a schematic top view of a film 1 including a plurality of photocured GRIN optical elements 7a, 7b having an asymmetric refractive index profile for use in an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The GRIN optical elements 7a, 7b are arranged in concentric circles 9a, 9b (dashed lines 9a, 9b are provided as a guide to the eye and do not represent structural features of the film 1). The concentric circles are centered on the film axis 3, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film 1. Figure 1B yes Figure 1A A top view of one of the GRIN optical elements 7a of the film 1 shown in FIG. 1 , and Figure 1CThe same element 7a is shown in perspective. Each of the GRIN optical elements 7a, 7b is substantially cylindrical in shape, having an elliptical cross-section in a plane parallel to the surface of the film 1. Each of the GRIN optical elements 7a, 7b has a refractive index profile that varies in both the radial direction and the transverse direction in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the elements 7a, 7b (i.e., a plane parallel to the surface of the film 1), resulting in an asymmetric refractive index profile across the elements 7a, 7b. The refractive index across the surface of the element 7a varies in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the element 7a, varies radially outward from point 'X' in a plane parallel to the front surface of the film 1, and varies laterally in a direction parallel to the front surface of the film 1 indicated by arrow 'Y'. The refractive index profile is constant (i.e., does not vary) in the direction 'Z' parallel to the cylindrical axis of the element 7a (see FIG. 2 ). Figure 1C ). The refractive index variation has an asymmetric distribution 22 in the direction 'Y', such as Figure 1D As shown in .

[0121] The GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner circle 9a all have the same refractive index distribution (eg Figures 1B to 1D ) and are all positioned at the same radial distance from the film axis 3. Figure 1E Display applied to lens 5 Figure 1A 2 . A cross-sectional view of the film 1 of the lens 5. The film axis 3 is aligned with the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Since the GRIN optical element 7a has an asymmetric refractive index profile, when the film 1 is applied to the lens 5, the local optical axis of the GRIN element 7a will be tilted relative to the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Light from a distant point source on the optical axis 2 of the lens 5 (hereinafter referred to as an on-axis distant point source) passing through the region of the film 1 having a base refractive index is focused to a light spot 11 on the optical axis 2. Light from the on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element 7a will be focused away from the optical axis 2 of the lens 5. Light from the on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element 7a forming the inner ring 9a will form a ring of focal points 15a, 15b at the focal plane 17. When the lens 5 is worn by a lens wearer, the GRIN elements 7a forming the inner ring 9a focus light from an on-axis far point source toward an additional power focal plane 17, which is closer to the back surface of the lens 5 (i.e., farther from the retina, or closer to the cornea) than the base power focal plane 13. The local optical axis of each of the GRIN optical elements 7a intersects the optical axis 2 of the lens 5, and light rays from the on-axis far point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner ring 9a are guided so that a small spot size of unfocused light is formed at the base power surface 13. This can improve the quality of the image formed at the retina of the lens wearer.

[0122] The GRIN optical elements 7b forming the outer ring 9b all have the same characteristics as the GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner ring 9a (eg Figure 1A and 1E The GRIN optical elements 7b forming the outer ring 9b are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 2 and the film axis 3 of the lens 5, and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 2 and the film axis 3 than the GRIN optical elements 7a forming the inner ring 9a.

[0123] GRIN optical element 7b has the function of focusing light from a distant point source on axis to form focal points 19a, 19b ( Figure 1E 9a). The ring of foci 19a, 19b will have a larger radius than the ring of foci 15a, 15b formed by light passing through the inner ring 9a of the GRIN optical element 7a. The refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b is the same as the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element 7a forming the inner ring 9a. When the lens 5 is worn by the wearer, the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b will focus the light toward the same additional power focal plane 17 as the GRIN element 7a forming the inner ring 9a. The local optical axis of each of the GRIN optical elements 7b intersects the optical axis 2 and the film axis 3 of the lens 5, and light rays from on-axis distant point sources passing through the GRIN optical element 7b forming the outer ring 9b are guided so that a small spot size of unfocused light is formed at the base power surface 13. This can improve the quality of the image formed at the retina of the lens wearer.

[0124] Figure 2A is a schematic top view of a film 101 including a plurality of photocured GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b having an asymmetric refractive index profile for application to an ophthalmic lens according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0125] GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b are arranged in concentric circles 109a, 109b (dashed lines 109a, 109b are provided as a guide to the eye and do not represent structural features of film 101). The concentric circles are centered on film axis 103, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of film 101. Figure 2B is formed Figure 2A A top view of one of the GRIN optical elements 107a of the inner circle 109a of the GRIN optical element in the film 101 shown in FIG. 1 , and Figure 2C The same element 107a is shown in perspective view.

[0126] Figure 2D is formed Figure 2A A top view of one of the GRIN optical elements 107b of the outer circle 109b of the GRIN optical element in the film 101 shown in FIG. 1 , and Figure 2E The same element 107b is shown in perspective view.

[0127] The GRIN elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a all have the same asymmetric refractive index profile. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b also all have the same refractive index variation, but these elements 107b have a different refractive index profile than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. Each of the GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b is substantially cylindrical in shape, having an elliptical cross-section in a plane parallel to the surface of the film 101. Each of the GRIN optical elements 107a, 107b has a refractive index profile that varies in both the radial direction and the transverse direction in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the elements 107a, 107b (i.e., a plane parallel to the surface of the film 101), resulting in an asymmetric refractive index profile across the elements 107a, 107b. As Figure 2C and 2E , the refractive index across the surface of elements 107a, 107b varies in a plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of elements 107a, 107b, varies radially outward from point 'X' in a plane parallel to the front surface of film 101, and varies laterally in a direction indicated by arrow 'Y' parallel to the front surface of film 101. The refractive index profile is constant (i.e., does not vary) in a direction 'Z' parallel to the cylindrical axis of element 107a. Figure 2F The refractive index variation of two elements in the direction 'Y' is shown in . The distribution 122a of the element 107a forming part of the inner circle 109a is shown by dotted lines, and the distribution 122b of the element 107b forming part of the outer circle 109b is shown by dotted lines.

[0128] Figure 2G Display applied to lens 105 Figure 2A 1. A cross-sectional view of the film 101 of FIG. The film axis 103 (dotted line) is aligned with the optical axis 102 (dashed line) of the lens 105. Light from a distant point source on the optical axis 102 of the lens 105 that passes through the region of the film 101 having a base refractive index will be focused to a light spot 111 on the optical axis 102.

[0129] Since the inner circle 109a (see Figure 2A ) of the GRIN elements 107a all have Figure 2B , 2C 2F, and because they are positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 102, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element 107a will be focused away from the optical axis 102 and will form focal points 115a, 115b ( Figure 2GWhen the lens 101 is worn by a lens wearer, the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical element 107a causes light from an on-axis distant point source to be focused at a low-add power focal plane 117 that is closer to the back surface of the lens 101 than the base power focal plane 113.

[0130] The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b also all have the same refractive index variation, but these elements 107b have a different refractive index profile than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 102, and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 102 than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. The GRIN optical elements 107b forming the outer ring 109b (see FIG. 1 ) are arranged at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 102 than the GRIN optical elements 107a forming the inner ring 109a. Figure 2A ) have different focal powers. The local optical axis of the GRIN optical element 107b forming part of the outer ring 109b is tilted more relative to the optical axis 102 of the lens 101 than the local optical axis of the GRIN optical element 107a forming part of the inner ring 109a. Light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element 107b forming the outer ring 109b is focused to form a ring of focal points 119a, 119b. The rings of focal points 119a, 119b have a larger radius than the rings of focal points 115a, 115b formed by light passing through the inner ring 109a of the GRIN optical element 107a, and the light passing through the outer ring GRIN optical element 107b is focused at an off-axis point on the high-add refractive power focal plane 123, which is closer to the back surface of the lens 101 than the basic refractive power focal plane 113 and closer to the back surface of the lens 101 than the low-add refractive power focal plane 117.

[0131] Figure 3A 2 is a schematic top view of another film 201 for use in an ophthalmic lens including a plurality of photocured GRIN optical elements 207 having an asymmetric refractive index profile according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base refractive index of the film 201 is uniform, and the film 201 has a uniform thickness. The film 201 includes a plurality of GRIN optical elements 207 arranged in a random pattern across a central region of the film 201. The peripheral region 204 of the film 201 does not have GRIN optical elements. The GRIN optical elements 207 have a circular cross-section in the plane of the film 201 and have a circumferential direction (in the Figure 3B and 3CThe asymmetric refractive index variation of element 207 in the direction 'W' is asymmetric. The asymmetric refractive index variation is in a plane perpendicular to the film axis 203. The film axis 203 is located at the radial midpoint of the film 201. The asymmetric refractive index variation of element 207 in the direction 'W' is determined by Figure 3C The GRIN elements 207 all have the same refractive index variation, such as Figure 3B and 3C , but they are positioned at different radial distances from the film axis 203.

[0132] Figure 3B yes Figure 2A and 2B GRIN element 207 has a circular cross-section and an asymmetric refractive index profile that varies in the circumferential direction indicated by arrow 'W' and in the radial direction. Figure 3B The dotted curve in the figure shows the refractive index distribution in the direction of arrow 'W'. Figure 3C is plotted as curve 222 .

[0133] Figure 3D Display applied to lens 205 Figure 3A The film 201 covers the front surface of the lens 205. Light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the region of the film 201 having the base refractive index will be focused to a light spot 211 on the optical axis 202 of the lens 205. The optical axis 202 of the lens 205 (dashed line) coincides with the film axis 203 (dotted line). The light spot 211 is located on the base refractive power focal plane 213. The GRIN elements 207 all have the same refractive index variation, such as Figure 3B and 3C , but they are positioned at different radial distances from the optical axis 202. Because the GRIN element 207 has an asymmetric refractive index profile, light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the GRIN optical element 207 will be focused away from the optical axis 202. When the lens 205 is worn by a wearer, the GRIN optical element 207 focuses the light toward an off-axis focus on the add power focal plane 217, which is closer to the back surface of the lens 211 than the base power focal plane 213, as shown in FIG. Figure 3D As shown in .

[0134] Figure 4is a front view of a pair of glasses 325 including two lenses 305. Each lens 305 is centered on an optical axis 302 and includes a film 301 disposed on the front surface of the lens 305. The base refractive index of the film 301 is uniform, and the film 301 has a uniform thickness. The film 301 covers the front surface of the lens 305. Light from an on-axis distant point source passing through the film 301 will be focused to a spot on the optical axis 302 of the lens 305 at the base refractive power focal plane (not shown).

[0135] Each film 301 includes a plurality of GRIN optical elements 307a, 307b arranged in concentric circles 309a, 309b (dashed lines are provided as a guide to the eye and do not represent structural features of the lens 301). Each of the GRIN optical elements 307a, 307b has a refractive index profile that varies in both the radial and lateral directions across the elements 307a, 307b parallel to the plane of the film 301, resulting in an asymmetric profile. The GRIN elements 307a forming the inner circle 309a all have the same refractive index variation and are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 302 of the lens 305. Since the GRIN elements 307a have an asymmetric refractive index profile, light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through the GRIN optical element 307a will be focused away from the optical axis 302. The GRIN optical elements 307a are arranged in a circle centered on the optical axis 302 of each mirror 301, and light from a distant point source passing through the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a will form a ring of focus.

[0136] The GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b also all have the same refractive index variation, but these elements 307b have a different refractive index variation than the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. The GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b are all positioned at the same radial distance from the optical axis 302 of the lens, and at a greater radial distance from the optical axis 302 than the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. Light from a distant point source on the axis passing through the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b will form a ring of focal points. This ring of focal points will have a larger radius than the ring of focal points formed by light passing through the inner ring 309a of the GRIN optical elements 307a. The refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b is different from the refractive index profile of the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a. When the lens 305 is worn by a wearer, light passing through the GRIN optical elements 307a forming the inner ring 309a will be focused to a point on a first focal plane, and light passing through the GRIN optical elements 307b forming the outer ring 309b will be focused to a point at a second, different focal plane. When the lens 305 is worn by the lens wearer, both the first and second focal planes will be closer to the back surface of the lens 305 than the base power focal plane.

[0137] Figure 5A A schematic top view of another film 401 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The film 401 includes HX film and has been cut into 500mm 2 The film 401 has a circular shape of an area of ​​. The film has a base refractive index and a constant thickness. The film 401 includes a plurality of GRIN optical elements 407 that have been formed by photocuring and are randomly distributed across the film 401. Each GRIN optical element 407 has a circular cross-section in the plane of the film and a refractive index distribution that varies asymmetrically in the circumferential direction. Several GRIN elements 407 have different asymmetric refractive index distributions. Figure 5B Shown through the contact lens 405 applied to the substrate 405 Figure 5A405. The GRIN optical element 407 extends through the thickness of the film 401. The lens 405 is centered on an optical axis 402, which extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film 401. Light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through a portion of the film 401 having a base refractive index will be focused to a point on the optical axis 402. Because the GRIN optical elements 407 have an asymmetric refractive index profile, the local optical axis of each GRIN element 407 is tilted relative to the optical axis 402 of the lens 405. Therefore, light from an on-axis distant point source that passes through each GRIN element 407 will be focused to an off-axis focus. Because different GRIN optical elements 407 have different asymmetric refractive index profiles, the local optical axes of the elements 407 can be tilted by different amounts, and the GRIN optical elements 407 can have different focal powers.

[0138] Figure 6 1 is a flow chart showing a method 1000 of manufacturing a thin film according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In a first step 1003, a photocurable thin film is provided. In a second step 1005, at least one region of the thin film is photocured using a digital light projection system, thereby producing at least one photocured gradient refractive index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

[0139] Although the present disclosure has been described and illustrated with reference to specific example embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure lends itself to many different variations not explicitly described herein. By way of example only, specific possible variations will now be described.

[0140] In the example embodiments of the present disclosure described above, each GRIN element has a refractive index profile that results in a higher power than the base refractive index of the lens. In other example embodiments, the GRIN elements may have a refractive index profile that results in a lower power than the base refractive index of the lens.

[0141] Although in the foregoing description, reference is made to wholes or elements with known obvious or foreseeable equivalents, such equivalents are incorporated herein as if individually set forth. Reference should be made to the claims for determining the true scope of the present disclosure that should be interpreted as covering any such equivalents. The reader will also appreciate that wholes or features of the present disclosure described as advantageous, convenient, or the like are optional and do not limit the scope of the independent claims. In addition, it should be understood that such optional wholes or features, although they may be beneficial in some embodiments of the present disclosure, may not be desirable and therefore may not exist in other embodiments.

Claims

1. A film for use in an ophthalmic lens, wherein the film has a base refractive index and comprises at least one gradient refractive index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

2. The film of claim 1 comprising a plurality of said gradient index optical elements randomly distributed across said film.

3. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein at least two of the gradient index optical elements have the same asymmetric refractive index profile.

4. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein at least two of the gradient index optical elements have different asymmetric refractive index profiles.

5. A film according to any one of claims 2 to 4, comprising a plurality of gradient refractive index optical elements arranged to form at least one annular ring, wherein the at least one annular ring is centered on a film axis, the film axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the film.

6. The film of claim 5 comprising a plurality of gradient index optical elements arranged to form at least two concentric annular rings, wherein the concentric annular rings are centered about the film axis.

7. A film according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the gradient index optical elements forming part of the same annular ring have the same refractive index profile.

8. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein the gradient index optical elements forming the first annular ring have a first refractive index profile and the gradient index optical elements forming the second concentric annular ring have a second, different refractive index profile.

9. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the at least one gradient index optical element has a diameter or width of between 1 μm and 5 mm.

10. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein the gradient index optical element occupies between 20% and 80% of the surface area of ​​the film.

11. The film of any preceding claim, wherein the film is a photopolymer film, and wherein each of the at least one gradient index optical element is a photocured gradient index optical element.

12. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the at least one gradient index optical element has a refractive index profile defined by an asymmetric polynomial function.

13. A film according to any preceding claim having a thickness of between 1 μm and 70 μm.

14. The film of any preceding claim, further comprising an adhesive surface for adhering the film to a surface of an ophthalmic lens.

15. The film of any preceding claim, further comprising a substrate configured to provide a protective layer when the film is applied to a surface of an ophthalmic lens.

16. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein incoming light from a distant point source incident on the at least one gradient index optical element in a direction substantially normal to the plane of the film is focused in a direction that is not normal to the plane of the film.

17. A film according to any preceding claim, wherein the film can be configured on the surface of a lens so that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having the base refractive index is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through the at least one gradient refractive index optical element is focused toward a point a first distance from the optical axis.

18. A film according to any preceding claim, comprising at least one annular ring of a gradient refractive index optical element, wherein the film can be configured on the surface of a lens so that light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through a region of the film having the base refractive index is focused toward a point on the optical axis of the lens, and light from a distant point source on the optical axis of the lens that passes through the at least one annular ring of the gradient refractive index optical element forms an annular ring of focus at a focal plane.

19. An ophthalmic lens comprising a film according to any preceding claim.

20. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 19 which is a spectacle lens.

21. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 19 which is a contact lens.

22. Eyeglasses comprising the ophthalmic lens according to claim 19.

23. A method of making a film according to any preceding claim, the method comprising: Providing a photocurable film; and At least one region of the film is photocured using a digital light projection system, thereby producing at least one photocured gradient index optical element having an asymmetric refractive index profile.

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