Ecological restoration method for photovoltaic desertification control in desertification region

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic desertification control ecological restoration method for a desertification region, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration. According to the method, soil improvement, drought-resistant plant planting and water-saving irrigation technologies are comprehensively utilized, and the method comprises the steps of arranging brush-shaped grass checks, covering straw, applying organic fertilizer in a matched mode, ploughing the earth surface, laying a mulching film, breeding and transplanting drought-resistant plants, arranging water-saving irrigation facilities, and evaluating the survival rate and a reseeding mode. And a plant community which is composed of various drought-resistant shrubs and herbaceous plants and can maintain self-sustaining and vitality is constructed, so that wind and sand erosion is resisted, and photovoltaic desertification control ecological restoration in a desertification region is realized. The method is simple in implementation process, controllable in cost and remarkable in effect, has important application significance on photovoltaic desertification control ecological restoration in desertification regions, and is a new photovoltaic desertification control ecological restoration mode with certain popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas. Background Art

[0002] Desertification is a serious environmental problem worldwide, threatening land resources, ecological balance and human survival and development. In China, many regions are facing desertification to varying degrees, such as most areas in the northwest, including Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang. These areas have serious soil sandification, low vegetation coverage, scarce water resources and fragile ecosystems. From the perspective of soil, the soil structure in these desertified areas has been destroyed and the soil fertility is extremely low. Frequent wind and sand activities have led to continuous loss of topsoil, coarsening of soil particles, and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity; the organic matter content in the soil is scarce, and the microbial activity is weak, which cannot provide the necessary nutrient support for plant growth. From the perspective of water resources, these desertified areas have scarce and unevenly distributed precipitation, but extremely high evaporation. The annual precipitation in most areas does not exceed 80 mm, while the annual evaporation is as high as more than 2,000 mm, resulting in a lack of surface water and a continuous decline in groundwater levels. Limited water resources can hardly support large-scale vegetation restoration and ecological construction while meeting basic human needs.

[0003] In recent years, with the continuous growth of global demand for clean energy, the photovoltaic industry has flourished, photovoltaic technology has continued to advance, the conversion efficiency of solar cells has gradually increased, and the cost has gradually decreased. Photovoltaic power generation has become an important means to cope with energy demand and environmental problems. China is in a leading position in the photovoltaic industry, with strong photovoltaic product manufacturing capabilities and rich engineering construction experience. At the same time, desert areas have unique advantages in solar energy resources, sufficient sunlight and vast land, and the concept of photovoltaic sand control has emerged. The basic idea is to use the vast desertified land to build photovoltaic power stations, reduce ground water evaporation by laying photovoltaic panels, and use the income generated by photovoltaic power generation to support ecological restoration projects.

[0004] Soil improvement is the basis for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas. Due to the poor quality and poor structure of native soil in desertified areas, effective soil improvement technology must be used to carry out effective ecological restoration. For example, adding organic fertilizer and covering straw can increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the structure of soil aggregates, and increase the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil. At the same time, the use of degradable mulch can fully fertilize the improved soil with added organic fertilizer, promote the diversity of microorganisms in the soil, and accelerate the transformation and circulation of soil nutrients. In addition, physical improvement methods such as deep plowing and foreign soil improvement can also be selected according to actual conditions. Deep plowing can break the compacted soil layer and increase the air permeability and water permeability of the soil; foreign soil improvement is to improve the properties of local soil by introducing high-quality soil to create a better soil environment for plant growth.

[0005] The key to carrying out photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas is to select and breed drought-resistant plants suitable for growing in desertified areas. Drought-resistant plants have special physiological structures and adaptation mechanisms, and can survive in water-deficient environments. For example, some plants have developed root systems that can go deep underground to find water sources; some plants have special cuticles or hairs on their leaves that can reduce water transpiration losses. These drought-resistant plants can not only survive in harsh environments, but also reduce soil erosion and improve local microclimates through vegetation coverage. At the same time, the dead branches and leaves of plants can be returned to the soil, increasing soil organic matter and further improving the soil environment.

[0006] Water-saving irrigation is a necessary measure for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas. In desertified areas, the scarcity of water resources determines that water-saving irrigation technology must be adopted. The traditional flooding method not only wastes water resources, but may also cause problems such as soil salinization. Water-saving irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation can accurately deliver water to the roots of plants and improve water utilization efficiency. Drip irrigation technology slowly drips water into the soil near the roots of plants through a pipe system, minimizing evaporation and leakage losses during the transportation process. Micro-sprinkler irrigation sprays water around plants at a smaller flow rate, creating a rainfall-like effect, which can not only meet the plant's demand for water, but also avoid over-irrigation.

[0007] However, the existing photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration technology still has the following shortcomings: (1) The soil improvement technology used in desertified areas is complex to operate and is not conducive to the self-sustaining and large-scale promotion of subsequent ecological restoration, such as Chinese patent applications with application numbers 201611008507.7 and 201810352336.2; in addition, the current soil improvement technology mainly uses fertilizers to increase fertilizer, such as Chinese patent application with application number 202110646787.9, which is costly and cannot effectively improve the organic matter and aggregate structure in the soil.

[0008] (2) The drought-resistant plants used in desertified areas are relatively simple shrubs or herbs, such as the Chinese patent application number 201610991045.9. The single plant community formed by a single drought-resistant shrub or herb has limited ability to resist wind, sand and drought, which is not conducive to subsequent long-term restoration and technology promotion.

[0009] (3) The survival rate of drought-resistant plants planted in desertified areas is low. Even with the help of some devices such as the device in patent application number 202120914772.1 or application number CN202321863603.5, and the arrangement of a reasonable water-saving irrigation system after transplanting, continuous water supply and replanting of areas with low survival rates, it is still difficult to maintain the survival rate of drought-resistant plants.

[0010] In the photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas, soil improvement is the foundation, breeding drought-resistant plants suitable for desertified areas is the key, and water-saving irrigation is a necessary measure. Therefore, the comprehensive use of soil improvement, drought-resistant plant breeding and planting technology and water-saving irrigation technology to build a plant community composed of a variety of drought-resistant shrubs and herbaceous plants that can maintain self-sustaining and maintain vitality is an important application direction and key technology exploration for the photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas. The present invention comprehensively utilizes soil improvement, drought-resistant plant planting and water-saving irrigation technology, and constructs a plant community composed of a variety of drought-resistant shrubs and herbaceous plants that can maintain self-sustaining and maintain vitality by setting brush-shaped grass grids, covering straw, applying organic fertilizer, plowing the surface, laying mulch, breeding and transplanting drought-resistant plants, arranging water-saving irrigation facilities, evaluating the survival rate and replanting method, so as to resist wind and sand erosion and achieve photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas. The method provided by the present invention is not only simple in implementation process and eco-friendly in materials, but also can reduce manual maintenance costs, thereby achieving the advantages of self-sustaining and long-term restoration; by establishing a stable multi-species drought-resistant plant community for ecological restoration, it can effectively resist desertification and increase vegetation coverage.

[0012] The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas comprises the following steps: S1. Setting brush grass grids on the ground surface of the area where the photovoltaic panels are set up to control the quicksand; S2, evenly covering the area between the photovoltaic panels in step S1 with corn stalks and dry cow dung; S3, tilling the area processed in step S2; S4, laying a ground film on the area after plowing in step S3, maintaining soil moisture, and composting the soil to form improved soil; S5, transplanting drought-resistant shrubs and drought-resistant herbaceous plants into the area of ​​the improved soil in step S4; S6. 30 days after transplanting, evaluate the survival rate of the drought-resistant plants in step S5, and replant the areas with lower survival rates to ensure that the coverage rate of drought-resistant plants reaches more than 30%.

[0013] The present invention uses straw and dry cow dung to improve the soil, which increases the soil improvement effect on the one hand, and uses local materials on the other hand, which is low in cost; and the later maintenance cost is lower, and the microbial community formed by straw and organic fertilizer in composting can promote the formation of self-sustaining improved soil. The drought-resistant plant species selected and combined by the present invention, on the one hand, improve stability by increasing diversity compared with the relatively single species in the prior art, and on the other hand, by utilizing the drought-resistant varieties cultivated by the National Key Laboratory of Grass Seed Innovation and Grassland Agricultural Ecosystem of Lanzhou University, including drought-resistant shrubs and drought-resistant herbaceous fabrics, have strong drought resistance. In addition, the present invention forms a relatively moisturizing and stable environment in the early stage by means of a mulch film, and after the plants grow for a period of time, a stable drought-resistant plant community that can sustain itself can be formed, thereby increasing the effect of ecological restoration.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, the brush grass grid size is set to be 1 m×1 m, which can effectively control quicksand and reduce costs, and is also conducive to subsequent soil improvement and planting of drought-resistant plants.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of corn stalks to cow dung in step S2 is 1:1-2.

[0016] More preferably, the mass ratio of corn stalks to cow dung in step S2 is 1:1.5.

[0017] Preferably, the coverage of corn stalks in step S2 is 2.5-3.5 kg / m 2 .

[0018] Preferably, the coverage of the dry cow dung in step S2 is 2.5-5.25 kg / m 2 .

[0019] By selecting different areas in the same sample site to conduct experiments with different straw types, organic fertilizer types, and different mass ratios of straw and organic fertilizer, it was finally concluded that corn straw has a higher water and fertilizer retention capacity than wheat straw, and dry cow dung has low cost and can effectively improve soil aggregate structure.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, the tillage is specifically to fully mix the corn stalks, dry cow dung and desertified soil by mechanical and manual methods to form improved soil with a thickness of 10 to 20 cm.

[0021] Preferably, in step S4, the mulch film is a black polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable mulch film, which has good light resistance and heat preservation and moisture retention effects, and is an environmentally friendly material that can be completely degraded by microorganisms during ecological restoration.

[0022] Preferably, in step S4, the duration of composting is 25 to 30 days.

[0023] Preferably, the soil moisture is maintained at 30% to 35%.

[0024] Preferably, the soil moisture is maintained by arranging water-saving sprinkler irrigation equipment to perform sprinkler irrigation every 5 to 8 days. Combining the water-saving sprinkler irrigation equipment with the ground film can not only reduce water evaporation, but also ensure continuous water supply through water-saving sprinkler irrigation.

[0025] Preferably, in step S5, the drought-resistant shrubs include Nitraria sibirica and / or Reaumuria songarica which grow mostly laterally.

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, the drought-resistant herbaceous plants include Suaeda glauca, Halogeton glomeratus, Allium mongolicum and / or Grubovia dasyphylla.

[0027] Further preferably, in step S5, during the transplanting process, drought-resistant shrub seedlings are transplanted; drought-resistant herbaceous plants are planted after making seed buns to improve the survival rate.

[0028] More preferably, in step S5, the density ratio of the drought-resistant shrubs to the drought-resistant herbaceous plants is 8-10:1.

[0029] More preferably, in step S5, the density ratio of the drought-resistant shrubs to the drought-resistant herbaceous plants is 9:1.

[0030] More preferably, the planting density ratio of Spatholobus subericum, Spatholobus rubra, Suaeda salsa, Salicornia herba, Allium mongolicum and Chenopodium album is 4.5:4.5:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25.

[0031] After transplanting drought-resistant plants, continue to maintain water supply. After a 30-day growth adaptation period, evaluate the survival rate of all plants and replant shrubs and herbaceous plants in areas with low survival rates to ensure that the vegetation coverage rate of the target restoration area reaches more than 30%.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration method for desertified areas provided by the present invention comprehensively utilizes soil improvement, drought-resistant plant planting and water-saving irrigation technologies to improve soil organic matter, aggregate structure and water retention properties, establish an ecological community dominated by drought-resistant shrubs and herbs, and use biodegradable mulch and water-saving irrigation to maintain its ecosystem function and structure, and make it self-sustaining and dynamic, with relatively little impact on the environment and can achieve long-term prevention and control.

[0033] 2. The photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration method for desertified areas provided by the present invention combines straw and organic fertilizer with tillage to effectively improve desertified soil, increase its air permeability, water and fertilizer retention, and improve soil aggregate structure, ultimately achieving the effect of soil improvement in desertified areas at a relatively low cost.

[0034] 3. The present invention selects and breeds two kinds of drought-resistant shrubs and four kinds of drought-resistant herbaceous plants, optimizes their specific planting density, and constructs a plant community composed of a variety of drought-resistant plants, thus overcoming the poor community stability caused by the existing planting of a single drought-resistant plant.

[0035] 4. The present invention combines water-saving irrigation equipment with biodegradable mulch film, which, on the one hand, reduces emission and fully maintains soil moisture and fertility; on the other hand, improves the survival rate of drought-resistant plants and ensures vegetation coverage.

[0036] 5. The present invention is based on the community construction theory and the ecosystem stability theory, and utilizes a variety of drought-resistant plants to construct a stable plant community, effectively resist wind and sand, and improve the function and stability of the ecosystem. It is an ecological restoration method with a simple implementation process, eco-friendly materials, low and controllable costs, and stability that is easy to promote. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic flow chart of the method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas in Example 1.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a soil improvement ratio chart.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the effect of ecological restoration technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below by way of examples. The raw materials used in the examples can be purchased from the market or prepared by conventional methods.

[0041] Example 1 A method for ecological restoration of desertified areas by photovoltaic sand control, such as Figure 1As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Sand fixation: brush-shaped grass grids are set under the photovoltaic panels and on the ground between the panels to control the quicksand. The size of the grass grid is set to 1 m × 1 m. S2. Covering with straw: Purchase corn straw, 2000 kg per mu (50 bundles, 40 kg per bundle), and evenly cover the target area to be repaired; S3, adding organic fertilizer: purchasing dry cow dung, 3000 kg per mu, and evenly covering the target area to be repaired as organic fertilizer; S4, tilling: rent a medium-sized rotary tiller to evenly mix the corn stalks and cow dung in steps S1 and S2, and till the two together with the desertified soil to form an improved soil about 15 cm thick; when tilling, the grass grid will also be tilled into the soil as part of the straw. The initial purpose of the grass grid is to fix the quicksand and prevent the movement of the quicksand. After tilling, we will immediately cover the ground with film, and at this time the film will play a role in preventing the movement of the quicksand; S5. Laying ground film: Laying black polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable ground film to compost the above-mentioned tilled soil, maintaining soil moisture during the process, and forming improved soil after about 25 to 30 days; S6. Water-saving irrigation: Arrange water-saving sprinkler irrigation equipment, arrange a water pipe every 30 cm, and configure a sprinkler every 50 cm on each water pipe, and extend it into the ground film to form a relatively complete sprinkler irrigation system consisting of sprinklers, pipe networks, water pumps and water sources. In order to maintain soil moisture at 30-35%, fully irrigate for 3 days at the beginning, and then sprinkle every 5-8 days to maintain long-term water supply; S7. Breeding: Select drought-resistant plant varieties with excellent drought resistance (provided by Inner Mongolia Mengcao Drought Resistance Co., Ltd.), specifically: Nitraria sibiricum, Rhizoma rubra, Suaeda salsa, Salicornia herba, Allium sphaerocephalum and Chenopodium album, and cultivate shrubs among them; S8. Transplantation: For shrubs, directly transplant the cultivated container seedlings to the target area to be restored; for herbaceous plants, make seed buns and plant them in the target area to be restored to improve the survival rate; at the same time, the planting density ratio of Nitraria tanguticola, Red Sand, Suaeda salsa, Halophyte, Allium mongolicum and Chenopodium album is 4.5:4.5:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25; S9. Evaluation: After continuous water supply and a 30-day growth adaptation period, the survival rate of all plants was evaluated; S10. Replanting: Replant corresponding shrubs and herbaceous plants in areas with low survival rates to ensure that the vegetation coverage rate of the target restoration area reaches more than 30%.

[0042] It should be understood that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of desertified areas by photovoltaic sand control, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Setting brush-like grass grids on the surface of the area where the photovoltaic panels are set; S2, evenly covering the area between the photovoltaic panels in step S1 with corn stalks and dry cow dung; S3, tilling the area processed in step S2; S4, laying a ground film on the area after plowing in step S3, maintaining soil moisture, and composting the soil to form improved soil; S5, transplanting drought-resistant shrubs and drought-resistant herbaceous plants into the area of ​​the improved soil in step S4; S6. 30 days after transplanting, evaluate the survival rate of the drought-resistant plants in step S5, and replant the areas with lower survival rates to ensure that the coverage rate of drought-resistant plants reaches more than 30%.

2. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the size of the brush grass grid is set to 1 m×1 m.

3. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of corn stalks to dry cow dung in step S2 is 1:1-2; the coverage of corn stalks is 2.5-3.5 kg / m 2 The coverage of the dry cow dung is 2.5~5.25 kg / m 2 .

4. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the tillage is specifically to fully mix the corn stalks, dry cow dung and desertified soil by mechanical and manual methods to form improved soil with a thickness of 10 to 20 cm.

5. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the mulch film is a black polylactic acid biodegradable mulch film; in step S4, the duration of the composting is 25 to 30 days.

6. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil moisture is maintained at 30% to 35%; the soil moisture maintenance is specifically arranged to carry out sprinkler irrigation every 5 to 8 days.

7. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, during the transplanting process, the drought-resistant shrubs are transplanted as seedlings; the drought-resistant herbaceous plants are planted after making seed buns.

8. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the density ratio of the drought-resistant shrubs to the drought-resistant herbaceous plants is 8-10:

1.

9. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drought-resistant shrubs include Spatholobus sibiricum and / or Rhizophora rubra, which grow in multiple horizontal directions; the drought-resistant herbaceous plants include Suaeda salsa, Halophyte, Allium mongolicum and / or Chenopodium album.

10. The method for photovoltaic sand control and ecological restoration in desertified areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, the planting density ratio of the Nitraria tangutorum, Rhizoma rufipogon, Suaeda salsa, Salicornia herba, Allium mongolicum and Chenopodium album is 4.5:4.5:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25.

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