A method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing a V-shaped tree shape of a Chinese prickly ash, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following specific steps: determining a basic layout and a planting method: selecting two one-year-old Chinese prickly ash seedlings of the same variety and height adaptation during spring planting, planting them side by side and adjacently in the same hole, and planning the planting spacing according to land conditions and growth characteristics of the Chinese prickly ash trees. The invention significantly improves the growth speed and photosynthesis efficiency of the Chinese prickly ash trees through scientific planting layout and fixed trunks, layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape construction, reduces the fruiting level, and enables the Chinese prickly ash trees to start bearing fruit in the second year after planting and achieve high yields in the third year, thereby greatly shortening the growth cycle, improving economic benefits, and facilitating management, reducing labor input, and facilitating mechanized management of pepper gardens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Chinese prickly ash. Background Art

[0002] As an important economic crop, Sichuan pepper is widely planted around the world. Its yield and quality are directly related to the economic benefits of farmers. The growth and fruiting of Sichuan pepper trees are affected by many factors, among which the utilization efficiency of light and heat resources is particularly critical. Light and heat resources not only affect the photosynthesis of Sichuan pepper trees, but also have a profound impact on their growth and development and fruit quality. Therefore, how to achieve efficient utilization of light and heat resources through scientific planting techniques and pruning methods has become an important research direction for improving the yield and quality of Sichuan pepper.

[0003] Traditional methods of shaping and pruning Sichuan pepper trees are mostly based on experience and fail to fully consider the huge differences in light and heat resources in different regions. In areas with sufficient sunlight but low heat, traditional pruning methods often result in trees that are too sparse and unable to effectively intercept and store light energy. At the same time, heat loss is serious, affecting the yield and quality of Sichuan pepper. In areas with relatively insufficient sunlight but abundant heat, traditional methods may cause the crown to be too dense, light penetration to be poor, and heat to accumulate too much, which not only reduces the utilization rate of light energy but also easily causes diseases and pests. In addition, the existing V-shaped tree pruning method lacks adaptive adjustment to different light and heat conditions, and its effect is still limited, making it difficult to maximize the utilization of light and heat resources and optimize the yield and quality of Sichuan pepper.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is necessary to improve the existing method of constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum by scientifically planting a V-shaped tree with fixed trunks and layered and staggered construction to achieve efficient utilization of light and heat resources of Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method of constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum that can comprehensively realize the above characteristics. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for constructing a V-shaped tree shape of Sichuan pepper. The method can optimize and adjust the tree shape structure of Sichuan pepper through a series of means such as scientific planting layout and trunk setting, layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape construction, growth regulation and pruning, precise fertilization management, and dormant period pruning and tree shape maintenance. In areas with sufficient light but low heat, the light energy utilization rate and heat utilization efficiency are effectively improved by constructing a tiered insulation and ventilation and light-transmitting structure. In areas with relatively insufficient light but abundant heat, the light penetration is enhanced through a compact crown structure and reasonable pruning, which prevents excessive heat accumulation and significantly improves the yield and quality of Sichuan pepper.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, the method comprising the following specific steps:

[0007] Determination of basic layout and planting method: In the first year of planting, select two pepper seedlings of the same variety, similar height, and free of pests and diseases and plant them in the same hole. Plan the planting spacing according to the soil conditions and the growth characteristics of the pepper tree. Pull the seedlings apart at a specific angle according to the direction of the cross-rows. At the same time, optimize the light and ventilation conditions. In the first growing season after the seedlings are planted, wait for them to grow to a suitable height and fix the trunk at a suitable position above the ground.

[0008] Layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape construction: For areas with sufficient sunlight but low heat, in the spring of the following year after the trunk is fixed, the number of layers is determined according to the actual condition of the tree, and a layered and staggered V-shaped structure is constructed. The main trunk branches are used as permanent main branches, and the main branches are opened at an angle by means of pulling and supporting branches. The side branches of each layer of main branches are pruned and arranged, and the spacing between fruiting branch groups is set. For areas with relatively insufficient sunlight but abundant heat, this structure is constructed in the spring of the following year, the layer spacing is increased, and the opening angle of the main branches is adjusted to make the crown compact. Overcrowded branches are pruned to prevent heat accumulation and cause pests and diseases, and the distribution and spacing of fruiting branch groups are planned at the same time;

[0009] Comprehensive regulation during the key growth period: During the growth of the pepper tree, thinning or scissoring is used to control the branch-to-trunk ratio during summer pruning. When the long branches grow to a certain length, pinching or scissoring is adopted. Pinching means removing the growth point at the top of the long branches, and scissoring means cutting off a part of the long branches, leaving branches of appropriate length to transform them into fruiting branches or fruiting branch groups, increase the fruiting parts, and thin out the thin and dense branches, as well as the branches that cross and overlap each other;

[0010] Precision fertilizer supply management: Use a drip irrigation system for irrigation and fertilization. Adjust the drip irrigation frequency according to the different water requirements of the pepper tree at different growth stages and the changes in soil moisture. Select amino acid calcium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer that is rich in multiple nutrients required for the growth of the pepper tree. Adjust the dilution concentration of amino acid calcium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer according to the different growth stages of the pepper tree. Fertilize with water through the drip irrigation system to meet the nutrient needs of the pepper tree at different growth stages.

[0011] Dormant pruning and tree shape maintenance: Prune the pepper trees during the winter dormant period to remove weak and dense branches, and moderately retract the main branches, side branches and longer fruiting branches. At the same time, check and adjust the layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape every year to correct deformation of the main branches and side branches caused by natural factors. In addition, adjust the pruning intensity and method based on the growth conditions and yield performance of the pepper trees.

[0012] Furthermore, in the step of determining the basic layout and planting method, select Zanthoxylum bungeanum saplings with a height of more than 1.2 meters, a well-developed root system and no diseases or insect pests, and plant two such saplings in the same planting hole with a depth of 40-60 centimeters and a diameter of 40-60 centimeters. According to the characteristics of the tree shape and the growth characteristics of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree, the planting spacing is set at 3 meters × 5 meters. At this spacing, the number of plants planted per mu is 66, and the saplings are pulled apart at an angle of 45 degrees according to the direction of the cross-rows.

[0013] Furthermore, in the step of determining the basic layout and planting method, in the first growing season after the saplings are planted, the trunk is trimmed at 1.2m from the ground. When trimming the trunk, the first bud is retained under the cut, the second and third buds are removed, and a healing agent is applied to the cut in time.

[0014] Furthermore, in the step of constructing the layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape, for areas with sufficient sunlight but low heat, in the spring of the following year after the trunk is fixed, a 2-3-layer layered and staggered V-shaped structure is constructed according to the actual growth conditions of the tree and the local light and heat conditions. The space height of the lower layer is reserved for 0.5 meters, and the space height of each upper layer is reduced by 20-30 centimeters compared with the lower layer, forming a crown shape that is narrow on the top and wide on the bottom. The main branches are used as permanent main branches. By pulling branches, they are inclined at 45 degrees to the ground. The spacing between fruiting branches on the main branches is controlled at 15cm to 20cm. For the side branches of each layer of main branches, the spacing between the upper side branches is controlled at 15-25cm. The branches are evenly distributed through pruning and thinning. When pruning, the side branches are cut off by 1 / 3-1 / 2 of their length to encourage the side branches to sprout more fruiting branches. The spacing between the lower side branches is maintained at 20-30cm, and the spacing between the fruiting branch groups is maintained at 20-30cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the step of constructing the layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape, for areas with relatively insufficient light but abundant heat, the spacing between each layer is increased to 50-70 cm, the opening angle of each layer of main branches is adjusted to 30-50 degrees, and the spacing between side branches is controlled at 15-25 cm, and overcrowded branches are removed. At the same time, the distribution of fruiting branch groups is planned so that the spacing between fruiting branch groups is 20-30 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in the step of comprehensive regulation during the critical growth period, during summer pruning, the branch-to-trunk ratio is strictly controlled to be less than 1:3, and when the long branches grow to a length of 30-50 cm, pinching or scissoring measures are taken. When pinching, the growth point 1-2 cm from the top of the long branches is removed, and when scissoring, the long branches are cut to 1 / 3-1 / 2 of their length, and thin branches with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm, as well as branches that cross and overlap each other and affect ventilation and light transmission are thinned out.

[0017] Furthermore, in the precise fertilizer supply management step, the drip irrigation frequency is adjusted according to the differences in water demand at different growth stages of the pepper tree and changes in soil moisture. During the budding period, irrigation is performed every 3-5 days depending on the soil moisture conditions. During the flowering period, irrigation is adjusted to once every 5-7 days. During the fruit setting and fruit expansion periods, irrigation is performed every 2-4 days. The soil moisture is monitored in real time with the help of a soil moisture sensor, and irrigation is performed when the relative soil humidity is lower than 60%.

[0018] Furthermore, in the precise fertilizer supply management step, an amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio of 20-25:10-15:20-25, a calcium content of not less than 3%, and an amino acid content of not less than 10% is selected. In the budding period, the fertilizer is diluted 500-800 times and applied with water. In the flowering period, the fertilizer is diluted 800-1000 times. In the fruit setting period and fruit expansion period, the fertilizer is diluted 300-500 times to meet the large demand for nutrients of the pepper tree in these two critical periods.

[0019] Furthermore, in the dormant pruning and tree shape maintenance steps, during the winter dormant period, the main branches and side branches are moderately retracted, and the retraction length is controlled to 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total length of the main branches or side branches. The longer fruiting branch groups are retracted by 1 / 3-1 / 2. The tree shape of the prickly ash tree is regularly inspected and adjusted 3-4 times a year. When it is found that the angle deviation of the main branches and side branches exceeds 10-15 degrees, and the azimuth deviation exceeds 20-30 centimeters, use pulling and supporting tools to correct it.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, this method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention significantly improves the growth rate and photosynthesis efficiency of the Chinese prickly ash tree through scientific planting layout, fixed trunks, and layered and staggered V-shaped tree construction, reduces the fruiting level, and enables the Chinese prickly ash tree to start bearing fruit in the second year after planting and achieve high yields in the third year, greatly shortening the growth cycle and improving economic benefits. It is also easy to manage, reduces labor input, and is conducive to mechanized management of pepper gardens.

[0022] 2. The present invention realizes precise management of Zanthoxylum bungeanum through a series of measures such as growth regulation and pruning, precise fertilization management, dormant period pruning and tree shape maintenance. During summer pruning, the branch-to-trunk ratio is strictly controlled, the nutrient distribution of the tree is optimized, and the stability of the tree structure is enhanced. Precision fertilization management utilizes a drip irrigation system to accurately control the supply of water and fertilizer, significantly improving the fertilizer utilization rate and providing comprehensive and necessary nutrients for the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Pruning during dormancy removes thin and overcrowded branches, promotes the renewal and rejuvenation of the tree, and prevents the outward movement of the fruiting part. These measures not only reduce production costs, but also improve the stress resistance and yield stability of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a process operation diagram of a method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation mode, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] In a mountainous area in Gansu, after a field investigation, a sloping land with fertile soil, good drainage and sufficient sunlight was selected as the pepper planting site. High-quality pepper saplings with a height of about 1.2 meters, a well-developed root system and no diseases and insect pests were selected, and two saplings were carefully planted in the same planting holes with a depth of about 50 cm and a diameter of about 60 cm. An appropriate amount of organic fertilizer was applied to the planting holes in advance as basal fertilizer to improve the soil structure and increase soil fertility. The plants were planted at a planting spacing of 3 meters x 5 meters. According to calculations, about 66 plants were planted per mu. In the direction of the cross rows, a pull rope of appropriate thickness was used. One end was tied to the appropriate position of the saplings, and the other end was fixed to the pre-buried wooden stakes. The saplings were pulled apart at an angle of 45 degrees to ensure that the saplings formed a good spatial distribution in subsequent growth.

[0030] During the first growing season after planting the seedlings, pay close attention to the growth of the seedlings. When trimming the stems, use sterilized sharp pruning shears to trim the stems at 1.2m from the ground. When trimming the stems, keep the first bud under the cut and remove the second and third buds. After trimming the stems, immediately apply a pre-prepared mixture of methyl thiophanate and naphthylacetic acid to protect the cut to avoid infection by pests and diseases.

[0031] In the spring of the following year after the trunk is fixed, a two-layered and staggered V-shaped structure is constructed according to the local light and heat conditions and the actual growth conditions of the tree. A height of 0.5 meters is reserved for the lower space to provide sufficient space for the roots to transport nutrients upward and for the growth of the lower branches. The height of the upper space is 25 centimeters lower than that of the lower layer, forming a reasonable crown shape that is narrow on the top and wide on the bottom. The light resources in the vertical space are fully utilized, and the main branches are used as permanent main branches. The angles of the main branches are carefully adjusted by pulling branches, supporting branches and other technical means. When pulling branches, use a soft and tough rope, one end of which is fixed on the main branch about 1 / 3 of the distance from the base, and the other end is firmly tied to the bracket on the ground. By slowly adjusting the length of the rope, the main branch is tilted at 45° to the ground, and the spacing between the fruiting branches on the main branch is controlled at 15cm to 20cm.

[0032] For the upper side branches, the spacing is controlled at 20 cm. By shortening them, their length is retained to 1 / 2 of the original length, which encourages the side branches to sprout more fruiting branches and effectively reduces the heat loss in the lower layer. The spacing between the lower side branches is maintained at 25 cm. Carefully remove the dense and crossed side branches, and retain the side branches that grow outward and are evenly distributed to promote the efficient accumulation of photosynthetic products. At the same time, the spacing between fruiting branch groups is maintained at about 25 cm to ensure that each fruiting branch group can obtain sufficient nutrients and light.

[0033] When pruning in summer, carefully observe the growth status of branches at all levels, and use pruning methods such as thinning and shortening to accurately control the branch-to-trunk ratio at 1:3.5. By reasonably controlling the branch-to-trunk ratio, optimize the tree's nutrient distribution, enhance the stability of the tree structure, and create favorable conditions for the good growth and development of fruiting branches. When the long branches grow to 40 cm in length, pinch them off and use scissors to remove the 1.5 cm growth point at the top of the long branches to inhibit their longitudinal growth, promote the transfer of nutrients to the lateral buds, and promote the germination of lateral branches and the differentiation of flower buds. At the same time, thin out thin branches with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm, as well as branches that cross and overlap and affect ventilation and light transmission.

[0034] A drip irrigation system with a dripper flow rate of 2 liters / hour was selected. According to the water demand characteristics of the different growth stages of the prickly ash tree and the local climatic conditions, a reasonable irrigation plan was formulated. Irrigation was carried out every 4 days during the budding period to provide sufficient water for the budding of the prickly ash tree. Irrigation was carried out every 6 days during the flowering period to avoid excessive watering that would affect pollination during the flowering period. Irrigation was carried out every 3 days during the fruit setting and fruit expansion periods to meet the large demand for water in these two critical periods. At the same time, soil moisture was monitored in real time with the help of a soil moisture sensor. When the relative humidity of the soil was lower than 60%, irrigation was carried out in time to ensure that the prickly ash tree had an appropriate water supply at all growth stages.

[0035] Choose amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio of 22:12:22, a calcium content of 3.5%, and an amino acid content of 12%. This fertilizer is rich in various nutrients needed for the growth of pepper trees, and can effectively improve the stress resistance and fruit quality of pepper trees. Dilute the fertilizer 600 times during the budding period and apply it with water to provide sufficient nutrients for the budding of pepper trees. Dilute it 900 times during the flowering period to avoid excessive fertilizer concentration affecting flowering growth. Dilute it 400 times during the fruit setting period and fruit expansion period to meet the large demand for nutrients of the pepper tree in these two periods.

[0036] During the winter dormancy period, the main branches and side branches should be moderately pruned back. Use a pruning saw to control the length of the main branches and side branches to 1 / 3 of the total length to promote the renewal and rejuvenation of the main branches and side branches and maintain the vigorous vitality of the tree. The longer fruiting branches should be pruned back by 1 / 2 to prevent the fruiting part from moving outward, optimize the distribution of fruiting branches, make the nutrient supply more concentrated, and improve the quality of the fruit.

[0037] The tree shape is checked four times a year, before budding in spring, during the vigorous growth period in summer, after the fruit is picked in autumn, and during the dormant period in winter. During each inspection, the angle and direction of the main branches and side branches are carefully measured. When the angle deviation of the main branches and side branches exceeds 12 degrees and the direction deviation exceeds 25 cm, they are corrected in time with pulling and supporting tools. At the same time, the growth conditions of the prickly ash trees are recorded in detail, such as branch growth potential, leaf color and size, and yield performance, such as single plant yield and fruit quality. According to these data, the pruning intensity and method are flexibly adjusted to ensure that the tree shape remains stable and the prickly ash trees maintain a high-yield and high-quality growth state. According to this method of planting and management, the prickly ash trees begin to bear fruit in the second year after planting, and achieve a bumper yield in the third year, with a yield increased by 30% compared with traditional methods. The fruit is of excellent quality, with a strong numb flavor and full grains.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] In a plantation in a basin in Sichuan, we chose a plot with flat terrain, loose soil and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity to plant pepper. We selected high-quality pepper seedlings with a height of about 1.3 meters, and planted two seedlings in planting holes with a depth of about 40 centimeters and a diameter of about 55 centimeters. Before planting, we deep-plowed the planting holes and applied an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the seedlings. The planting spacing was set to 3 meters × 5 meters. After calculation, about 66 plants were planted per mu. In the direction of the cross-rows, a sturdy support was used to pull the seedlings apart at a 45-degree angle to create a good spatial foundation for subsequent tree shaping. In the first growing season after the seedlings were planted, pruning shears were used to trim the stems 1.2 meters above the ground. When trimming the stems, the first bud was retained under the cut, and the second and third buds were wiped off. After trimming the stems, a healing agent was quickly applied to prevent the wound from being infected with bacteria.

[0040] In the spring of the following year, based on the local characteristics of relatively insufficient sunlight but abundant heat, a layered and staggered V-shaped structure was constructed, with the spacing between layers set to 60 cm, effectively reducing the obstruction of light between layers and ensuring that each layer could obtain sufficient light resources.

[0041] The opening angle of each layer of main branches is adjusted to 40 degrees to make the crown more compact and facilitate light penetration. The angle of the main branches is carefully adjusted by pulling branches and supporting branches to ensure that the inside of the crown can fully receive light. When pulling branches, choose suitable wire, fix one end at the appropriate position of the main branch, and the other end on a solid support. For supporting branches, use hard bamboo sticks to support the main branches to the appropriate angle. The spacing between side branches is controlled at 20 cm. Pruning removes dense branches to maintain ventilation and light transmittance of the crown. Reasonably plan the distribution of fruiting branch groups so that the spacing between fruiting branch groups remains at about 22 cm, providing sufficient space and nutrients for the growth and development of fruits.

[0042] When pruning in summer, carefully observe the growth of branches and strictly control the branch-to-trunk ratio at 1:4. By pruning branches at all levels, optimize the tree's nutrient distribution, enhance the stability of the tree structure, and provide strong guarantees for the growth and development of fruiting branches. When the overgrown branches grow to 35 cm, shorten them in time and use pruning shears to cut off 1 / 3 of the length. The retained branches can be converted into fruiting branches or fruiting branch groups to increase the fruiting area. At the same time, remove branches that affect ventilation and light transmission, such as thin branches, crossed branches, and overlapping branches, to effectively improve the light and ventilation conditions inside the tree and reduce the possibility of disease and pest breeding.

[0043] A drip irrigation system with a dripper flow rate of 3 liters / hour is used. According to the local climate and the growth stage of the prickly ash tree, a scientific irrigation plan is formulated. Irrigation is carried out every 3 days during the budding period to meet the water demand of the prickly ash tree budding, every 5 days during the flowering period to avoid excessive water during the flowering period affecting pollination, and every 2.5 days during the fruit setting and fruit expansion period to ensure the water required for fruit growth. The soil moisture is monitored in real time by a soil moisture sensor. When the relative humidity of the soil is lower than 60%, irrigation is carried out in time to ensure the suitable moisture content of the growth environment of the prickly ash tree. Amino acid calcium water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 23:13:23, a calcium content of 3.2%, and an amino acid content of 11% is selected. The fertilizer is diluted 700 times during the budding period to provide sufficient nutrition for the budding of the prickly ash tree, diluted 850 times during the flowering period to ensure the nutrient supply during the flowering period while avoiding fertilizer damage, and diluted 350 times during the fruit setting and fruit expansion period to meet the large demand for nutrients for fruit growth.

[0044] During the winter dormancy period, the main branches and side branches are pruned back, and professional tools are used to control the length of the main branches and side branches to 1 / 4 of the total length to promote branch renewal and rejuvenation. The longer fruiting branches are pruned back by 1 / 3 to prevent the fruiting part from moving outward, optimize the distribution of fruiting branches, and improve fruit quality.

[0045] Check the tree shape regularly three times a year, before budding in spring, during the vigorous growth period in summer, and during the dormant period in winter. Carefully check the angles and directions of the main branches and side branches. If the angle deviation of the main branches and side branches exceeds 10 degrees and the direction deviation exceeds 20 centimeters, pull and support the branches in time to correct them. At the same time, based on the growth conditions and yield performance of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree, such as the growth potential of the branches, the size and yield of the fruits, flexibly adjust the pruning intensity and methods to ensure the stability of the tree shape and maintain the high-yield and high-quality growth state of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree. After implementing this method, the inter-layer shading of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree was reduced, the light penetration was enhanced, the yield was increased by 25%, and the fruit quality was also significantly improved, with bright color and rich aroma.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, characterized in that: The method comprises the following specific steps: Determination of basic layout and planting method: In the first year of planting, select two pepper seedlings of the same variety, similar height, and free of pests and diseases and plant them in the same hole. Plan the planting spacing according to the soil conditions and the growth characteristics of the pepper tree. Pull the seedlings apart at a specific angle according to the direction of the cross-rows. At the same time, optimize the light and ventilation conditions. In the first growing season after the seedlings are planted, wait for them to grow to a suitable height and fix the trunk at a suitable position above the ground. Layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape construction: For areas with sufficient sunlight but low heat, in the spring of the following year after the trunk is fixed, the number of layers is determined according to the actual condition of the tree, and a layered and staggered V-shaped structure is constructed. The main trunk branches are used as permanent main branches, and the main branches are opened at an angle by means of pulling and supporting branches. The side branches of each layer of main branches are pruned and arranged, and the spacing between fruiting branch groups is set. For areas with relatively insufficient sunlight but abundant heat, this structure is constructed in the spring of the following year, the layer spacing is increased, and the opening angle of the main branches is adjusted to make the crown compact. Overcrowded branches are pruned to prevent heat accumulation and cause pests and diseases, and the distribution and spacing of fruiting branch groups are planned at the same time; Comprehensive regulation during the key growth period: During the growth of the pepper tree, thinning or scissoring is used to control the branch-to-trunk ratio during summer pruning. When the long branches grow to a certain length, pinching or scissoring is adopted. Pinching means removing the growth point at the top of the long branches, and scissoring means cutting off a part of the long branches, leaving branches of appropriate length to transform them into fruiting branches or fruiting branch groups, increase the fruiting parts, and thin out the thin and dense branches, as well as the branches that cross and overlap each other; Precision fertilizer supply management: Use a drip irrigation system for irrigation and fertilization. Adjust the drip irrigation frequency according to the different water requirements of the pepper tree at different growth stages and the changes in soil moisture. Select amino acid calcium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer that is rich in multiple nutrients required for the growth of the pepper tree. Adjust the dilution concentration of amino acid calcium fertilizer water-soluble fertilizer according to the different growth stages of the pepper tree. Fertilize with water through the drip irrigation system to meet the nutrient needs of the pepper tree at different growth stages. Dormant pruning and tree shape maintenance: Prune the pepper trees during the winter dormant period to remove weak and dense branches, and moderately retract the main branches, side branches and longer fruiting branches. At the same time, check and adjust the layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape every year to correct deformation of the main branches and side branches caused by natural factors. In addition, adjust the pruning intensity and method based on the growth conditions and yield performance of the pepper trees.

2. A method for constructing a Zanthoxylum bungeanum V-shaped tree according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of determining the basic layout and planting method, select prickly ash seedlings with a height of more than 1.2 meters, a well-developed root system and no diseases or insect pests, and plant two such seedlings in the same planting hole with a depth of 40-60 centimeters and a diameter of 40-60 centimeters. According to the tree shape characteristics and the growth characteristics of the prickly ash tree, the planting spacing is set at 3 meters × 5 meters. At this spacing, the number of plants planted per mu is 66, and the seedlings are pulled apart at an angle of 45 degrees according to the direction of the cross-rows.

3. A method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the steps of determining the basic layout and planting method, in the first growing season after the saplings are planted, the trunk is trimmed at 1.2m from the ground. When trimming the trunk, the first bud is retained under the cut, the second and third buds are removed, and a healing agent is applied to the cut in time.

4. A method for constructing a Zanthoxylum bungeanum V-shaped tree according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of constructing the layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape, for areas with sufficient sunlight but low heat, in the spring of the following year after the trunk is fixed, a 2-3-layer layered and staggered V-shaped structure is constructed according to the actual growth status of the tree and the local light and heat conditions, and a 0.5-meter space height is reserved for the lower layer. The space height of each upper layer decreases by 20-30 centimeters compared with the lower layer, forming a crown shape that is narrow on the top and wide on the bottom. The main trunk branches are used as permanent main branches, and the branches are pulled to grow at a 45-degree angle to the ground. The spacing between the fruiting branches on the main branches is controlled at 15 cm to 20 cm. For the side branches of each layer of the main branches, the spacing between the upper side branches is controlled at 15-25 cm. The branches are evenly distributed through pruning methods such as short-cutting and thinning. When short-cutting, the side branches are cut off by 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the length to encourage the side branches to sprout more fruiting branches. The spacing between the lower side branches is maintained at 20-30 cm, and the spacing between the fruiting branch groups is maintained at 20-30 cm.

5. A method for constructing a Zanthoxylum bungeanum V-shaped tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of constructing the layered and staggered V-shaped tree shape, for areas with relatively insufficient light but abundant heat, the spacing between each layer is increased to 50-70 cm, the opening angle of each layer of main branches is adjusted to 30-50 degrees, and the spacing between side branches is controlled at 15-25 cm, and overcrowded branches are removed. At the same time, the distribution of fruiting branch groups is planned so that the spacing between fruiting branch groups is 20-30 cm.

6. A method for constructing a V-shaped tree of Zanthoxylum bungeanum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of comprehensive regulation during the critical growth period, during summer pruning, the branch-to-trunk ratio is strictly controlled to be less than 1:3, and when the long branches grow to a length of 30-50 cm, pinching or scissoring measures are taken. When pinching, the growth point 1-2 cm at the top of the long branches is removed, and when scissoring, the long branches are cut to 1 / 3-1 / 2 of their length, and thin branches with a diameter of less than 0.5 cm, as well as branches that cross and overlap each other and affect ventilation and light transmission are thinned out.

7. A method for constructing a Zanthoxylum bungeanum V-shaped tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the precise fertilizer supply management step, the drip irrigation frequency is adjusted according to the difference in water demand at different growth stages of the prickly ash tree and the change in soil moisture. During the budding period, irrigation is performed every 3-5 days according to the soil moisture conditions. During the flowering period, irrigation is adjusted to once every 5-7 days. During the fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period, irrigation is performed every 2-4 days. In addition, the soil moisture is monitored in real time with the help of a soil moisture sensor, and irrigation is performed when the relative soil humidity is lower than 60%.

8. A method for constructing a Zanthoxylum bungeanum V-shaped tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the precise fertilizer supply management step, a water-soluble amino acid calcium fertilizer is selected with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content ratio of 20-25:10-15:20-25, a calcium content of not less than 3%, and an amino acid content of not less than 10%. In the budding period, the fertilizer is diluted 500-800 times and fertilized with water. In the flowering period, the fertilizer is diluted 800-1000 times. In the fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period, the fertilizer is diluted 300-500 times to meet the large demand for nutrients of the pepper tree in these two critical periods.

9. A method for constructing a Zanthoxylum bungeanum V-shaped tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the dormant period pruning and tree shape maintenance steps, during the winter dormant period, the main branches and side branches are retracted, and the retraction length is controlled to be 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the total length of the main branches or side branches, and the longer fruiting branch groups are retracted by 1 / 3-1 / 2. The tree shape of the prickly ash tree is regularly inspected and adjusted 3-4 times a year. When it is found that the angle deviation of the main branches and side branches exceeds 10-15 degrees, and the azimuth deviation exceeds 20-30 centimeters, corrections are made using branch pulling and branch supporting tools.

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