An organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation

Abstract

The present invention provides an organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation, which belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology. The organic vegetable planting technology solves planting problems by combining biological and physical methods. Biological control releases beneficial insects according to the laws of pests and diseases, such as predatory mites, seven-spotted ladybugs, etc., and uses microbial preparations for prevention and control. Physical regulation adopts measures such as insect-proof nets, insect-attracting lamps, and color plate trapping. At the same time, soil improvement is carried out, organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers and wood ash are applied, and reasonable crop rotation and intercropping are carried out. The drip irrigation system is used to accurately control water, and the temperature is controlled by sunshade nets in summer and heat insulation blankets in winter. This technology reduces pesticide residues, maintains ecological balance, improves soil fertility, accurately manages water and temperature, improves vegetable yield and quality, and promotes the sustainable development of the organic vegetable industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and specifically relates to an organic vegetable planting technology utilizing biological control and physical regulation. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural planting, as people's health awareness continues to increase, the market demand for organic vegetables, due to their green, healthy and safe characteristics, shows a trend of continuous growth; however, the current organic vegetable planting technology faces a series of thorny problems;

[0003] Pest and disease control has always been a key problem in the process of organic vegetable cultivation; traditional control methods mainly rely on chemical pesticides. Although this method has a certain degree of high efficiency in controlling pests and diseases, it has brought many serious negative effects; the use of chemical pesticides will leave a large amount of harmful substances on vegetables, which is seriously contrary to the production standards of organic vegetables and directly affects the health of consumers; at the same time, long-term use of chemical pesticides will gradually make pests resistant to them, resulting in a significant reduction in the control effect; in order to achieve the expected control effect, it is often necessary to continuously increase the amount of pesticides used, thus falling into a vicious circle and causing irreparable damage to the ecological environment;

[0004] In addition, traditional planting methods also have obvious deficiencies in maintaining soil fertility, water management, and temperature control. They cannot accurately meet the various needs of organic vegetables during their growth, which to a large extent restricts the increase in the yield and quality assurance of organic vegetables, and seriously hinders the sustainable development of the organic vegetable industry.

[0005] In the face of many drawbacks faced by existing organic vegetable planting technologies, it is urgent to develop a new, scientific and effective planting technology; the organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation provided by the present invention is born to solve these problems;

[0006] This technology focuses on the use of biological control methods, replacing traditional chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases by releasing beneficial insects and rationally applying microbial preparations. This method can not only effectively control the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also fundamentally avoid the problem of pesticide residues and achieve the maintenance of ecological balance. At the same time, combined with physical control methods such as insect-proof net covering, insect trapping with insect lights, and color plate trapping, it can reduce the damage of pests to vegetables in a multi-dimensional and all-round way.

[0007] In addition, this technology also pays great attention to soil improvement, reasonable crop rotation and intercropping, precise water management and temperature control, and is committed to creating a suitable growth environment for organic vegetables, thereby comprehensively improving the yield and quality of organic vegetables, and effectively promoting the organic vegetable planting industry to develop in a sustainable direction. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation, aiming to solve the problem that the traditional planting method in the prior art also has obvious deficiencies in soil fertility maintenance, water management and temperature control; it is unable to accurately meet the various needs in the growth process of organic vegetables, which to a great extent restricts the yield increase and quality assurance of organic vegetables, and seriously hinders the sustainable development of the organic vegetable industry.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] An organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0011] Biological control steps:

[0012] Release of beneficial insects: According to the vegetable varieties and the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases, for spider mite pests, release 10,000-15,000 predatory mites per mu of land every 10-15 days; for aphids, release 1,500-2,000 seven-spotted ladybugs or 2,000-3,000 lacewings per mu of land every 7-10 days; for Lepidoptera pests, use Bacillus thuringiensis for control, with a dilution of 800-1,000 times, spray at the early stage of hatching of pest larvae, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously for 3-4 times; for vegetable root diseases, use Bacillus subtilis for control, with a dilution of 500-800 times, and irrigate the roots after transplanting the vegetables, with a dosage of 200-300 ml per plant, irrigate the roots once every 15-20 days, and irrigate the roots continuously for 2-3 times;

[0013] Physical control steps:

[0014] Insect-proof net coverage: Build an insect-proof net with a mesh size of 40-60 around the vegetable planting plots. The height of the insect-proof net should be 30-50 cm higher than the growth height of the vegetable plants. Check the damage of the insect-proof net regularly and repair it in time;

[0015] Insect trapping with lamps: Install an insect trap every 30-50 meters in the planting area. For moth pests, the wavelength of the lamp is 365-400 nanometers. The lamp is turned on from sunset to sunrise every day.

[0016] Color board trapping: Hang 30-40 yellow and blue sticky boards per acre in the vegetable field. The yellow sticky boards are mainly used to trap aphids, whiteflies, etc., and the blue sticky boards are mainly used to trap pests such as thrips. The sticky boards should be hung 10-20 cm from the top of the vegetable plants and replaced regularly.

[0017] Soil improvement and fertility management steps:

[0018] Addition of organic materials: Before planting, deep plow the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm, and apply 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100-150 kg of biological fertilizer, and 100-150 kg of wood ash per mu of land;

[0019] Reasonable crop rotation and intercropping: according to the growth habits and characteristics of pests and diseases of different vegetables, rotate nightshade vegetables with leafy vegetables, or intercrop plants with insect repellent effects, such as mint and lavender, between vegetable rows. The ratio of intercropped plants to rows is 1:2-1:3;

[0020] Water management and temperature control steps:

[0021] Application of drip irrigation system: drip irrigation technology is used for irrigation. According to the growth stage of vegetables and weather conditions, the soil moisture is controlled between 60% and 90%, and the moisture range is maintained by adjusting the amount and frequency of drip irrigation.

[0022] Use of sunshade nets and thermal insulation blankets: During the high temperature period in summer, set up sunshade nets with a shading rate of 50%-70%; during the cold period in winter, use thermal insulation blankets to cover the soil to keep the soil temperature at 10℃-20℃ to ensure normal growth of vegetables.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microbial preparation also includes at least one of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and its usage concentration and control targets are similar to those of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis, and are adjusted according to different vegetable varieties and pest and disease conditions, and the adjusted parameter range is within the conventional usage range in this field.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the power of the insect attractant lamp is 30-50 watts, and the height of the lamp body is 1.5-2.5 meters from the ground to ensure the insect attractant effect and safety.

[0025] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the insect-proof net is made of polyethylene or nylon, the diameter of the net wire is 0.1-0.3 mm, it has good air permeability and anti-aging properties, and the service life is not less than 2 years.

[0026] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the drip irrigation system has a dripper flow rate of 2-4 liters / hour and a dripper spacing of 30-50 centimeters to achieve uniform irrigation and avoid local waterlogging or drought.

[0027] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the thermal insulation material of the thermal insulation quilt is a composite of one or more of acrylic cotton, needle-punched cotton or down cotton, the thickness of the thermal insulation quilt is 3-8 cm, and the thermal conductivity is not higher than 0.04 W / (m·Kelvin), ensuring a good thermal insulation effect.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. In this plan, biological control measures are adopted to release beneficial insects such as predatory mites, ladybugs, lacewings, etc., and use their predatory characteristics to control different pests; microbial preparations such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, etc. are applied, and the concentration is adjusted according to the characteristics of different pests and vegetable varieties, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of diseases and pests. Combined with physical control methods, insect-proof nets can be built to block pest invasion, and insect-attracting lights and color plates can reduce the number of pests. A multi-pronged approach can be used to reduce the damage of pests to vegetables, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, avoid pesticide residues, and maintain ecological balance.

[0030] 2. In this plan, by deep plowing the soil before planting and applying decomposed organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer and wood ash, the soil structure is improved, soil aeration and permeability are increased, soil nutrients are supplemented, soil fertility and fertilizer retention capacity are enhanced, reasonable crop rotation and intercropping are carried out, and rotation combinations are carried out according to the growth habits of vegetables and the characteristics of diseases and pests. Insect-repellent plants are intercropped to reduce the accumulation of pathogens and pests in the soil, further maintain soil fertility, and provide good soil conditions for the growth of organic vegetables.

[0031] 3. In this scheme, the drip irrigation system is used to adjust the amount and frequency of drip irrigation according to the vegetable growth stage and weather conditions, and accurately control the soil moisture between 60% and 90%. This can not only meet the water needs of vegetables at different growth stages, but also avoid local waterlogging or drought. Compared with the traditional flood irrigation method, it saves about 40% of water, improves fertilizer utilization, promotes vegetable growth, and improves yield and quality.

[0032] During the high temperature period in summer, choose a shade net with an appropriate shading rate (50%-70%) according to the local light intensity and temperature, and adopt a covering method that facilitates ventilation and heat dissipation to reduce the temperature in the planting area; in the cold winter period, use thermal insulation blankets with good thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity coefficient not higher than 0.04 W / (m·Kelvin)), such as acrylic cotton, needle-punched cotton or down cotton composite thermal insulation blankets, to keep the soil temperature at 10℃-20℃, ensure the normal growth of vegetables, advance the time to market, increase production and improve economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0036] An organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0037] Biological control steps:

[0038] Release of beneficial insects: According to the vegetable varieties and the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases, for spider mite pests, release 10,000-15,000 predatory mites per mu of land every 10-15 days; for aphids, release 1,500-2,000 seven-spotted ladybugs or 2,000-3,000 lacewings per mu of land every 7-10 days; for Lepidoptera pests, use Bacillus thuringiensis for control, with a dilution of 800-1,000 times, spray at the early stage of hatching of pest larvae, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously for 3-4 times; for vegetable root diseases, use Bacillus subtilis for control, with a dilution of 500-800 times, and irrigate the roots after transplanting the vegetables, with a dosage of 200-300 ml per plant, irrigate the roots once every 15-20 days, and irrigate the roots continuously for 2-3 times;

[0039] Physical control steps:

[0040] Insect-proof net coverage: Build an insect-proof net with a mesh size of 40-60 around the vegetable planting plots. The height of the insect-proof net should be 30-50 cm higher than the growth height of the vegetable plants. Check the damage of the insect-proof net regularly and repair it in time;

[0041] Insect trapping with lamps: Install an insect trap every 30-50 meters in the planting area. For moth pests, the wavelength of the lamp is 365-400 nanometers. The lamp is turned on from sunset to sunrise every day.

[0042] Color board trapping: Hang 30-40 yellow and blue sticky boards per acre in the vegetable field. The yellow sticky boards are mainly used to trap aphids, whiteflies, etc., and the blue sticky boards are mainly used to trap pests such as thrips. The sticky boards should be hung 10-20 cm from the top of the vegetable plants and replaced regularly.

[0043] Soil improvement and fertility management steps:

[0044] Addition of organic materials: Before planting, deep plow the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm, and apply 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100-150 kg of biological fertilizer, and 100-150 kg of wood ash per mu of land;

[0045] Reasonable crop rotation and intercropping: according to the growth habits and characteristics of pests and diseases of different vegetables, rotate nightshade vegetables with leafy vegetables, or intercrop plants with insect repellent effects, such as mint and lavender, between vegetable rows. The ratio of intercropped plants to rows is 1:2-1:3;

[0046] Water management and temperature control steps:

[0047] Application of drip irrigation system: drip irrigation technology is used for irrigation. According to the growth stage of vegetables and weather conditions, the soil moisture is controlled between 60% and 90%, and the moisture range is maintained by adjusting the amount and frequency of drip irrigation.

[0048] Use of sunshade nets and thermal insulation blankets: During the high temperature period in summer, set up sunshade nets with a shading rate of 50%-70%; during the cold period in winter, use thermal insulation blankets to cover the soil to keep the soil temperature at 10℃-20℃ to ensure normal growth of vegetables.

[0049] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the biological control step:

[0050] In terms of releasing beneficial insects, the selected predatory mites should be artificially bred species with good predatory activity and the ability to adapt to the local environment, such as the Chilean Phytoseiidae. When releasing predatory mites, choose the morning when the weather is clear and breezy, and evenly spread them on the vegetable leaves to ensure that they can quickly disperse and find prey. The release of seven-spotted ladybugs and lacewings should be carried out shortly after their adult emergence, when their predatory desire is stronger, and care should be taken to avoid releasing them before heavy rain or during high temperature periods to prevent them from being affected by adverse environmental conditions and reducing their predatory efficiency.

[0051] When using Bacillus thuringiensis, we should select preparations with highly toxic strains and stable product quality. When spraying, we should ensure that the agent evenly covers both sides of the vegetable leaves, especially the back of the leaves where pest larvae often gather. At the same time, we can appropriately add a small amount of organosilicon additives to improve the spread and adhesion of the agent and enhance the prevention and control effect, but the amount of additives used should comply with the standards of organic agriculture and not exceed the prescribed limit.

[0052] When irrigating the roots with Bacillus subtilis, the soil around the roots should be loosened first so that the bacterial solution can better penetrate around the roots. After irrigating the roots, water the roots in a timely manner to help the bacterial agent spread in the soil and promote its absorption and utilization by the vegetable roots.

[0053] Physical control steps:

[0054] The insect-proof net should be constructed with durable support materials, such as galvanized steel pipes or high-strength plastic rods, to ensure that the insect-proof net can be stably supported in windy and rainy weather. When installing, the insect-proof net should be tightly fixed on the support to avoid gaps to prevent pests from entering. At the same time, zippers or Velcro and other convenient opening and closing devices should be installed at the entrance and exit of the insect-proof net so that it can be closed in time when personnel enter and exit the operation to maintain the insect-proof effect.

[0055] When choosing insect traps, priority should be given to products with waterproof, dustproof, and leakage-proof functions to adapt to the complex environmental conditions in the field. The lampshade of the insect trap should be made of materials with good light transmittance and not easy to age, such as polycarbonate, to ensure that the light can be effectively emitted to attract pests. A device for collecting pests, such as an insect bag or a water basin, can be set under the insect trap to regularly clean up the captured pests to avoid the accumulation of pests that affects the trapping effect.

[0056] In color plate trapping, yellow and blue sticky insect boards should be made of highly sticky and weather-resistant materials, such as double-sided glue-coated PVC boards. When hanging sticky insect boards, thin iron wire or plastic rope can be used to fix them on the bracket above the vegetable plants to ensure that the sticky insect boards are in a stable and appropriate position. In addition, the hanging ratio of yellow and blue sticky insect boards can be appropriately adjusted according to different seasons and pest occurrence conditions to improve the trapping efficiency of major pests.

[0057] Soil improvement and fertility management steps:

[0058] During deep tillage, appropriate agricultural machinery should be used, such as deep tillage plows, to ensure that the soil can be loosened to the specified depth, break the plow bottom layer, and increase soil aeration and water permeability. The applied organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed to avoid the undecomposed organic fertilizer from fermenting in the soil to produce high temperature and harmful gases, which may damage the roots of vegetables. Organic fertilizers can be decomposed by composting and fermenting, and they should be turned regularly during the decomposition process to ensure uniform fermentation.

[0059] The selection of biological fertilizer should focus on the diversity and activity of its strains. It should contain a variety of beneficial microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast, which can work synergistically to improve the structure of soil microbial communities and enhance soil fertility and fertilizer retention capacity. The application of wood ash can not only supplement the potassium element in the soil, but also regulate the pH value of the soil, and is particularly effective in improving acidic soils. When applying fertilizer, organic fertilizer, biological fertilizer and wood ash should be evenly spread on the soil surface, and then fully mixed with the soil through deep plowing.

[0060] In terms of reasonable crop rotation and intercropping, in addition to the rotation of nightshade and leafy vegetables, other rotation combinations can also be tried according to local planting experience and market demand, such as the rotation of beans and cruciferous vegetables. Intercropped insect repellent plants should be selected from varieties that have growth habits that are compatible with vegetables, have obvious insect repellent effects, and will not compete or negatively affect vegetable growth. The planting density of intercropped plants should be moderate, ensuring that their insect repellent effects are exerted without excessively occupying the growth space of vegetables. For example, mint can be planted in one row for every 2-3 rows of vegetables, and the spacing between each row should be kept at about 30-40 cm.

[0061] Water management and temperature control steps:

[0062] The laying of the drip irrigation system should be reasonably planned according to the row spacing and plant spacing of vegetable planting to ensure that each dripper can accurately provide water to the vegetable roots. The drip irrigation pipe should be buried 5-10 cm below the soil surface to avoid aging and damage caused by direct sunlight. When irrigating, the water volume should be adjusted according to the water demand characteristics and growth stages of different vegetables. For example, the irrigation volume should be appropriately reduced during the seedling stage to keep the soil moisture at around 60%, while the irrigation volume should be increased during the fruit expansion period to keep the soil moisture close to 90%, but water accumulation should be avoided. At the same time, the operation of the drip irrigation system should be checked regularly, and the dripper blockages should be cleaned in time to ensure the uniformity and stability of the drip irrigation.

[0063] The selection of sunshade nets should be based on the local summer light intensity and temperature. For areas with strong light and high temperature, sunshade nets with higher shading rate, such as 70% shading rate products, can be selected; while in areas with relatively weak light and moderate temperature, sunshade nets with 50% shading rate can be selected to ensure that vegetables can photosynthesize under suitable light conditions. The covering method of the sunshade net should be convenient for ventilation and heat dissipation. It can be covered in an arch shed or flat shed style. In high temperature periods, the sunshade nets should be properly rolled up to increase air circulation and reduce the temperature in the shed.

[0064] The use of thermal blankets should be done before the cold weather in winter. When covering, make sure that the blanket fits tightly to the soil surface without leaving any gaps to reduce heat loss. Heavy objects such as sandbags or ropes can be placed on the blanket to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. At the same time, when the sun is bright and the temperature is high during the day, uncover a corner of the blanket to allow the soil to receive sunlight and increase the soil temperature. However, be sure to cover the blanket in time before sunset to maintain the soil temperature at night. In addition, the material of the blanket should have good thermal insulation and waterproof properties. For example, a waterproof acrylic cotton blanket can effectively resist the influence of rain and snow on the thermal insulation effect.

[0065] In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the microbial preparation further includes at least one of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and its usage concentration and control targets are similar to those of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis. It is adjusted according to different vegetable varieties and pest and disease conditions, and the adjusted parameter range is within the conventional usage range in this field.

[0066] In this embodiment: in a broccoli planting base of 8 mu, Beauveria bassiana was selected for prevention and treatment of the common cabbage worm (Lepidoptera pest) damage to broccoli. Taking into account the growth stage of broccoli and the occurrence density of cabbage worm, the Beauveria bassiana preparation was diluted to 900 times (this dilution factor is reasonably adjusted within the range of 800-1000 times similar to Bacillus thuringiensis according to the insect population density of field pests and the growth conditions of vegetables). In the early stage of cabbage worm larvae, a backpack sprayer was used for uniform spraying to ensure that the agent covered both sides of the broccoli leaves, and the spraying was performed once every 8 days for 3 consecutive times, which effectively suppressed the damage of cabbage worms, reduced the insect population density by more than 80%, significantly reduced the damage rate of broccoli, and increased the yield by about 22% compared with the area where biological control was not used.

[0067] At the same time, in a 5-mu carrot planting area, in order to prevent nematode diseases in the roots of carrots, Metarhizium and Bacillus subtilis were used in combination. Metarhizium was diluted 600 times (adjusted within the conventional use range according to the characteristics of the carrot variety and the occurrence of nematodes), and Bacillus subtilis was diluted 700 times. The root treatment was carried out on the 10th day after the carrots were transplanted. The amount of medicine for each carrot was controlled at about 250 ml. The Metarhizium solution was first poured, and after it was completely penetrated, the Bacillus subtilis solution was poured. The roots were irrigated once every 18 days, for a total of 2 times. Through the combined use of this microbial preparation, the occurrence of nematode diseases was effectively controlled, the root health of the carrots was good, the deformed roots were reduced, the yield and quality were significantly improved, and the commercial rate was increased by about 18%.

[0068] Specifically in this solution, the power of the insect attractant lamp is 30-50 watts, and the height of the lamp body is 1.5-2.5 meters from the ground to ensure the insect attracting effect and safety.

[0069] In this embodiment: In an eggplant plantation with an area of ​​15 mu, insect trap lamps are installed at intervals of 40 meters. A 40-watt insect trap lamp is selected, and the lamp body height is set at 2 meters from the ground (this height can not only ensure the insect trap range, but also facilitate daily maintenance and management). For the common cotton bollworm (moth pest) in the eggplant planting process, the wavelength of the insect trap lamp is set to 380 nanometers. Starting from the flowering period of eggplant, the insect trap lamp is turned on at sunset and turned off at sunrise every day, continuing throughout the growing season. Through the trapping effect of the insect trap lamp, the number of adult cotton bollworms is significantly reduced, greatly reducing its egg-laying amount and the degree of harm to eggplants by larvae. According to statistics, the rate of eggplant fruit holes caused by cotton bollworms has dropped from 15% in the past to less than 5%, and the appearance quality and commodity value of the fruit have been significantly improved. At the same time, the number and amount of chemical pesticides used have been reduced, the organic quality of eggplants has been guaranteed, and the planting benefits have been significantly improved.

[0070] In a 10-acre pepper planting area, a 35-watt insect trap was also installed. The lamp body was 1.8 meters high and mainly used to trap the moth (moth pest). The wavelength was set to 370 nanometers. During the growth of peppers, the insect trap effectively attracted and killed a large number of adult moths, reducing the pests' feeding on pepper leaves and fruits. The pepper yield increased by about 15% compared with the previous year, and the fruits were full and bright in color, making them more competitive in the market. The economic income of growers increased significantly, and at the same time, the pollution caused by pest control to the environment was reduced, achieving a win-win situation of ecological and economic benefits.

[0071] Specifically in this solution, the insect-proof net is made of polyethylene or nylon, the diameter of the net wire is 0.1-0.3 mm, it has good air permeability and anti-aging properties, and the service life is not less than 2 years.

[0072] In the present embodiment: in a 6 mu cucumber planting base, a polyethylene insect net is selected, and the diameter of the net wire is 0.2 mm. One week before cucumber sowing, an insect net support is built along the border of the planting plot. The support adopts a galvanized steel pipe and the height is 2 meters (ensuring that it is higher than the growth height of the cucumber plant by about 40 cm). The insect net is tightly fixed on the support, and a special plastic cable tie is used to tie it at the interface to ensure that there are no loopholes and gaps. During the entire growing season of cucumber, the insect net is fully inspected every two weeks, and the parts that are broken by wind or damaged by other reasons are repaired in time. By using the insect net, the invasion of pests such as aphids and whiteflies is effectively blocked, and the incidence of pests and diseases of cucumber is reduced by more than 75% compared with the area without the use of the insect net, and the number of times of pesticide use is reduced. The surface of the cucumber fruit is smooth, the color is emerald green, the quality is excellent, and the yield is increased by about 20%, and the insect net still maintains good strength and integrity after two years of use, and no obvious aging phenomenon occurs, which meets the expected service life requirements.

[0073] Specifically in this solution, the drip irrigation system has a dripper flow rate of 2-4 liters / hour and a dripper spacing of 30-50 centimeters to achieve uniform irrigation and avoid local waterlogging or drought.

[0074] In this embodiment: a drip irrigation system is installed in an 8-mu tomato planting field. The dripper is a pressure-compensated dripper with a flow rate of 3 liters / hour, and the dripper spacing is set to 40 cm. Drip irrigation pipes are laid along the tomato planting rows, and the drip irrigation pipes are buried about 8 cm deep to reduce water evaporation and avoid mechanical damage. In the seedling stage of tomatoes, drip irrigation is carried out every 3 days according to weather conditions and soil moisture conditions. Each drip irrigation time is about 1.5 hours, so that the soil moisture is maintained at about 65%, meeting the water demand of tomatoes in the seedling stage, and avoiding water accumulation and root diseases. In the flowering and fruiting period of tomatoes, the drip irrigation frequency is increased to once every 2 days, and the drip irrigation time is extended to 2 hours, and the soil moisture is increased to 75%-80%, ensuring sufficient water supply required for fruit expansion. Through precise drip irrigation control, tomato plants grow strong, fruits are uniform in size, and the fruit cracking rate is significantly reduced. Compared with traditional flood irrigation methods, water is saved by about 40%. In addition, due to the uniform water supply, fertilizer utilization rate is also improved. The yield and quality of tomatoes have been significantly improved, with the yield per mu increased by about 18%. The taste and sweetness of the fruit are better, making it more popular in the market.

[0075] Specifically in this solution, the thermal insulation material of the thermal insulation quilt is a composite of one or more of acrylic cotton, needle-punched cotton or down cotton. The thickness of the thermal insulation quilt is 3-8 cm, and the thermal conductivity is not higher than 0.04 W / (m·Kelvin), ensuring a good thermal insulation effect.

[0076] In the present embodiment: in a 5 mu spinach wintering planting area, use the insulation quilt that is composited by acrylic cotton and needle-punched cotton, the insulation quilt thickness is 5 centimetres, and its thermal conductivity is 0.035 watt / (meter Kelvin) after testing, has good heat insulation performance.Before winter comes, when the temperature drops to below 10 ℃, the insulation quilt is covered on the spinach planting ground, the edge of the insulation quilt exceeds about 30 centimetres of the planting ground boundary, and compacts with sandbags to prevent being blown by the wind.When the daytime is sunny, the temperature rises to more than 5 ℃, suitably uncover a corner of the insulation quilt, carry out ventilation, promote photosynthesis and gas exchange of spinach, and timely cover the insulation quilt again at about 4 o'clock in the afternoon.Throughout the winter, by the use of the insulation quilt, the soil temperature remains between 12 ℃-18 ℃ all the time, for the growth of spinach provides suitable temperature environment. Even in the cold winter, spinach can still maintain vigorous growth, with thick and green leaves. It is put on the market about 10 days earlier than without using thermal blankets, and the yield is increased by about 25%, gaining a higher price advantage in the market, increasing the economic benefits of growers, and also ensuring the market supply of winter vegetables.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation, characterized in that: Including the following steps: Biological control steps: Release of beneficial insects: According to the vegetable varieties and the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases, for spider mite pests, release 10,000-15,000 predatory mites per mu of land every 10-15 days; for aphids, release 1,500-2,000 seven-spotted ladybugs or 2,000-3,000 lacewings per mu of land every 7-10 days; for Lepidoptera pests, use Bacillus thuringiensis for control, with a dilution of 800-1,000 times, spray at the early stage of hatching of pest larvae, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray continuously for 3-4 times; for vegetable root diseases, use Bacillus subtilis for control, with a dilution of 500-800 times, and irrigate the roots after transplanting the vegetables, with a dosage of 200-300 ml per plant, irrigate the roots once every 15-20 days, and irrigate the roots continuously for 2-3 times; Physical control steps: Insect-proof net coverage: Build an insect-proof net with a mesh size of 40-60 around the vegetable planting plots. The height of the insect-proof net should be 30-50 cm higher than the growth height of the vegetable plants. Check the damage of the insect-proof net regularly and repair it in time; Insect trapping with lamps: Install an insect trap every 30-50 meters in the planting area. For moth pests, the wavelength of the lamp is 365-400 nanometers. The lamp is turned on from sunset to sunrise every day. Color board trapping: Hang 30-40 yellow and blue sticky boards per acre in the vegetable field. The yellow sticky boards are mainly used to trap aphids, whiteflies, etc., and the blue sticky boards are mainly used to trap pests such as thrips. The sticky boards should be hung 10-20 cm from the top of the vegetable plants and replaced regularly. Soil improvement and fertility management steps: Addition of organic materials: Before planting, deep plow the soil to a depth of 30-40 cm, and apply 3000-5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 100-150 kg of biological fertilizer, and 100-150 kg of wood ash per mu of land; Reasonable crop rotation and intercropping: according to the growth habits and characteristics of pests and diseases of different vegetables, rotate nightshade vegetables with leafy vegetables, or intercrop plants with insect repellent effects, such as mint and lavender, between vegetable rows. The ratio of intercropped plants to rows is 1:2-1:3; Water management and temperature control steps: Application of drip irrigation system: drip irrigation technology is used for irrigation. According to the growth stage of vegetables and weather conditions, the soil moisture is controlled between 60% and 90%, and the moisture range is maintained by adjusting the amount and frequency of drip irrigation. Use of sunshade nets and thermal insulation blankets: During the high temperature period in summer, set up sunshade nets with a shading rate of 50%-70%; during the cold period in winter, use thermal insulation blankets to cover the soil to keep the soil temperature at 10℃-20℃ to ensure normal growth of vegetables.

2. The organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial preparation also includes at least one of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and its use concentration and control targets are similar to those of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis. It is adjusted according to different vegetable varieties and pest and disease conditions, and the adjusted parameter range is within the conventional use range in this field.

3. The organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation according to claim 2 is characterized by: The power of the insect attractant lamp is 30-50 watts, and the height of the lamp body is 1.5-2.5 meters from the ground to ensure the insect attractant effect and safety.

4. The organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation according to claim 3 is characterized by: The insect-proof net is made of polyethylene or nylon, the diameter of the net wire is 0.1-0.3 mm, it has good air permeability and anti-aging performance, and the service life is not less than 2 years.

5. The organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation according to claim 4 is characterized by: The drip irrigation system has a dripper flow rate of 2-4 liters / hour and a dripper spacing of 30-50 cm to achieve uniform irrigation and avoid local waterlogging or drought.

6. The organic vegetable planting technology using biological control and physical regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thermal insulation material of the thermal insulation quilt is a composite of one or more of acrylic cotton, needle-punched cotton or down cotton. The thickness of the thermal insulation quilt is 3-8 cm, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is not higher than 0.04 W / (m·Kelvin), ensuring a good thermal insulation effect.