Method for dwarfing coix lacryma-jobi and improving yield of coix lacryma-jobi seeds

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coix lacryma-jobi planting, in particular to a method for dwarfing coix lacryma-jobi and improving the yield of coix lacryma-jobi kernels, which comprises the following steps: (1) furrow preparation; (2) sowing; (3) final singling of seedlings; (4) water and fertilizer management; (5) cutting: cutting when the plant height is 90-110 cm, and reserving stubbles of 10-15 cm; (6) management after cutting; (7) artificial supplementary pollination; (8) harvesting. The method for dwarfing the coix lacryma-jobi and improving the yield of the coix lacryma-jobi seeds has the beneficial effects that the plant height of the coix lacryma-jobi can be obviously reduced and the yield of the coix lacryma-jobi seeds can be improved by cutting in the elongation stage of the coix lacryma-jobi and assisting with corresponding water and fertilizer management. Specifically, due to timely mowing, secondary tillering of the coix lacryma-jobi can be promoted, the plant height of the coix lacryma-jobi can be remarkably reduced, the growth redundancy can be reduced, nutrient transfer to seeds can be promoted, the yield of the coix lacryma-jobi seeds can be remarkably increased, and more hay can be harvested to be used as forage grass, edible fungus cultivation materials and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coix seed planting, and in particular to a method for dwarfing coix seed and increasing the coix seed grain yield. Background Art

[0002] Job's tears ( Coix lacryma-jobi ) is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of the Gramineae family. Its seed kernel has the physiological effects of diuresis and anti-inflammation, clearing away heat and dampness, strengthening the spleen and lungs, relieving pain and draining pus, and has high nutritional value. It is listed as a food for both medicinal and edible purposes. Its stems and leaves can also be used as fodder for livestock and poultry breeding. Coix lachryma-jobi is a C4 crop with a tall plant shape, often up to 2-3 meters high, with scattered seeds, difficult to harvest, and low seed yield. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, a method for dwarfing coix and increasing the yield of coix seeds is provided. In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, comprising the following steps: (1) Field preparation: Select land with convenient drainage and irrigation, and prepare the field; (2) Sowing: Sow coix seeds 13-17 days earlier than conventional planting in late April to early May, with a plant spacing of 70-80 cm; (3) Planting the seedlings; (4) Water and fertilizer management: Follow routine management, apply fertilizer for seedling establishment and tillering in due time, and irrigate and drain water in time to keep the soil moist; (5) Mowing: Mowing when the plant height is 90-110 cm, leaving 10-15 cm of stubble; (6) Management after mowing: After mowing, apply 15-20 g of urea to the holes and irrigate with running water once to ensure that the soil is moist; (7) Artificial assisted pollination; (8) Harvesting: Same as conventional planting.

[0004] Furthermore, in the above method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, the center distance between the two bed surfaces in step (1) is 70-80 cm.

[0005] Furthermore, in the above method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, step (3) is specifically as follows: transplanting seedlings when they have 4 to 5 leaves, leaving 2 strong seedlings in each hole.

[0006] Furthermore, in the above method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, step (5) specifically comprises: mowing when the plant height is 100 cm, leaving a stubble of 13 cm.

[0007] Furthermore, in the above method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, the irrigation method of the running water in step (6) is: irrigating after dusk, the water does not overflow the bed surface, and draining the water the next morning.

[0008] Furthermore, in the above method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, step (7) is specifically: during the flowering period, from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. on a sunny day, vibrate the upper part of the coix plant with tools such as ropes or bamboo poles, and manually spread the flowers 3 to 4 times during the entire flowering period.

[0009] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the method of dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield of the present invention can significantly reduce the coix plant height and increase the coix seed yield by mowing the coix during the jointing period and supplementing with corresponding water and fertilizer management. Specifically, timely mowing can promote the secondary tillering of coix, significantly reduce the coix plant height, reduce growth redundancy, promote nutrient transfer to the seeds, significantly increase the coix seed yield, and harvest more hay for use as forage, edible fungus cultivation material, etc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] In order to explain the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is an explanation in conjunction with the implementation methods.

[0011] Embodiment 1 A method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield comprises the following steps: (1) Bed preparation: Select land with convenient drainage and irrigation, and prepare the bed; the distance between the centers of the two beds should be 80 cm.

[0012] (2) Sowing: Sow coix seeds 17 days earlier than conventional planting in late April to early May, with a plant spacing of 70-80 cm; (3) Transplanting: Transplant seedlings when they have 4 to 5 leaves, leaving 2 strong seedlings in each hole.

[0013] (4) Water and fertilizer management: Follow routine management, apply fertilizer for seedling establishment and tillering in due time, and irrigate and drain water in time to keep the soil moist; (5) Mowing: Mowing when the plant height is 110 cm, leaving 15 cm of stubble; (6) Management after mowing: After mowing, apply 15-20 g of urea per hole and irrigate with running water once to ensure that the soil is moist; the irrigation method of the running water is: irrigate after dusk, the water does not overflow the surface of the bed, and drain it the next morning.

[0014] (7) Artificial pollination: During the flowering period, on sunny days, between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., use ropes or bamboo poles to vibrate the upper part of the coix plant. The flowers should be manually pollinated 3 to 4 times during the entire flowering period.

[0015] (8) Harvesting: Same as conventional planting.

[0016] Embodiment 2 A method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield comprises the following steps: A method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, comprising the following steps: (1) Bed preparation: Select land with convenient drainage and irrigation, and prepare the bed; the distance between the centers of the two beds should be 70 cm.

[0017] (2) Sowing: Sow coix seeds 13 days earlier than conventional planting in late April to early May, with a plant spacing of 70-80 cm; (3) Transplanting: Transplant seedlings when they have 4 to 5 leaves, leaving 2 strong seedlings in each hole.

[0018] (4) Water and fertilizer management: Follow routine management, apply fertilizer for seedling establishment and tillering in due time, and irrigate and drain water in time to keep the soil moist; (5) Mowing: Mowing when the plant height is 90 cm, leaving 10 cm of stubble.

[0019] (6) Management after mowing: After mowing, apply 15-20 g of urea per hole and irrigate with running water once to ensure that the soil is moist; the irrigation method of the running water is: irrigate after dusk, the water does not overflow the surface of the bed, and drain it the next morning.

[0020] (7) Artificial pollination: During the flowering period, on sunny days, between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., use ropes or bamboo poles to vibrate the upper part of the coix plant. The flowers should be manually pollinated 3 to 4 times during the entire flowering period.

[0021] (8) Harvesting: Same as conventional planting.

[0022] Embodiment 3 A method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield comprises the following steps: (1) Bed preparation: Select land with convenient drainage and irrigation, and prepare the bed; the distance between the centers of the two beds should be 70-80 cm.

[0023] (2) Sowing: Sow coix seeds 13-17 days earlier than conventional planting in late April to early May, with a plant spacing of 75 cm; (3) Transplanting: Transplant seedlings when they have 4 to 5 leaves, leaving 2 strong seedlings in each hole.

[0024] (4) Water and fertilizer management: Follow routine management, apply fertilizer for seedling establishment and tillering in due time, and irrigate and drain water in time to keep the soil moist; (5) Mowing: Mowing when the plant height is 100 cm, leaving 13 cm stubble.

[0025] (6) Management after mowing: After mowing, apply 15-20 g of urea per hole and irrigate with running water once to ensure that the soil is moist; the irrigation method of the running water is: irrigate after dusk, the water does not overflow the surface of the bed, and drain it the next morning.

[0026] (7) Artificial pollination: During the flowering period, on sunny days, between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., use ropes or bamboo poles to vibrate the upper part of the coix plant. The flowers should be manually pollinated 3 to 4 times during the entire flowering period.

[0027] (8) Harvesting: Same as conventional planting.

[0028] Taking the method of dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield in the above-mentioned embodiment 3 as an example, the main variety of Fujian Puyi No. 6 is planted, specifically: 0 mowing, that is, no mowing during the growing period. For example, Pu Yi No. 6 was sown on April 24, seedlings emerged on May 4, entered the tillering stage on June 9, entered the jointing stage on July 5, entered the heading stage on August 15, entered the flowering stage on August 26, entered the filling stage on September 6, and matured on November 2.

[0029] Mowing once, mowing once during the jointing stage, such as Puyi No. 6 was sown on April 24, seedlings emerged on May 4, tillering stage on June 9, jointing stage on July 5, plant height of about 1m on July 6, mowing close to the ground, leaving 10-15cm stubble, re-entering jointing stage on August 6, heading stage on September 7, flowering stage on September 15, filling stage on September 24, and fully mature on November 5. Compared with no mowing, mowing once shortened the flowering stage by 2 days and extended the growth period by 3 days.

[0030] Mowing twice, mowing twice during the jointing stage, such as Puyi No. 6 was sown on April 24, seedlings emerged on May 4, entered the tillering stage on June 9, entered the jointing stage on July 5, and mowed close to the ground on July 6 when the plant height was about 1m, leaving 10-15cm stubble. On August 5, the plant height was about 1m, and mowed close to the ground again, leaving 10-15cm stubble. It entered the jointing stage again on August 25, entered the heading stage on September 20, entered the flowering stage on October 2, entered the filling stage on October 8, and matured on November 28. Compared with no mowing, mowing twice shortened the flowering stage by 5 days and extended the growth period by 26 days.

[0031] Mowing 3 times, mowing 3 times during the jointing stage, such as Puyi No. 6 was sown on April 24, seedlings emerged on May 4, entered the tillering stage on June 9, entered the jointing stage on July 5, and the plant height was about 1m on July 6. Mowing close to the ground, leaving 10-15cm stubble. On August 5, the plant height reached about 1m, and mowing close to the ground again, leaving 10-15cm stubble. On September 6, the plant height reached about 1m again, mowing close to the ground for the third time, leaving 10-15cm stubble. On September 25, it entered the jointing stage again, entered the heading stage on October 9, entered the flowering stage on October 16, and entered the grain filling stage on October 20, but it could not fully mature (frost). Compared with no mowing, mowing 3 times shortened the flowering stage by 5 days and the heading stage by 5 days.

[0032] The specific data are shown in Table 1; Table 1 Note: The data in the table are the average values ​​of 3 replicates. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments with different mowing times (P<0.05).

[0033] As shown in Table 1 above, after mowing once, the height of coix plant was significantly reduced by 12.70%, the seed yield was significantly increased by 15.67%, and the hay yield was increased by 155.06%. Although mowing twice can further dwarf the plant height, the increase in grain and hay yield is not as good as mowing once. After mowing three times, coix cannot complete the growth period and almost no grain is harvested. By comparison, mowing once can significantly reduce the plant height of coix and increase the grain and hay yield of coix, which is an effective method to dwarf coix and increase coix yield.

[0034] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Field preparation: Select land with convenient drainage and irrigation, and prepare the field; (2) Sowing: Sow coix seeds 13-17 days earlier than conventional planting in late April to early May, with a plant spacing of 70-80 cm; (3) Planting the seedlings; (4) Water and fertilizer management: Follow routine management, apply fertilizer for seedling establishment and tillering in due time, and irrigate and drain water in time to keep the soil moist; (5) Mowing: Mowing when the plant height is 90-110 cm, leaving 10-15 cm of stubble; (6) Management after mowing: After mowing, apply 15-20 g of urea to the holes and irrigate once with running water to ensure that the soil is moist; (7) Artificial assisted pollination; (8) Harvesting.

2. The method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the center distance between the two bed surfaces is 70-80 cm.

3. The method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) is as follows: thin out the seedlings when they have 4 to 5 leaves, leaving 2 strong seedlings in each hole.

4. The method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (5) is as follows: mow when the plant height is 100 cm, leaving 13 cm of stubble.

5. The method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation method of the horse racing water in step (6) is: irrigate after dusk, the water does not overflow the bed surface, and drain it the next morning.

6. The method for dwarfing coix and increasing coix seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (7) Details: During the flowering period, on sunny days, between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., use a rope or bamboo pole to vibrate the upper part of the coix plant. Manually lift the flowers 3 to 4 times during the entire flowering period.

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