Cooling, heating and power multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data center

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of engines and refrigerators, and relates to a data center-oriented cooling, heating and power multi-energy comprehensive utilization system, which comprises a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a first expansion device, a motor, a liquid storage device, a gas storage device and a data center machine room, takes CO2 as a working medium, and has two operation modes of energy storage and energy release. In the energy storage mode, the system consumes electric energy to generate CO2 liquid; in the energy release mode, CO2 liquid is gasified by exchanging heat with the data center machine room, more than or equal to 50% of heat absorption is from the data center machine room, and more than or equal to 50% of generated electric energy is used for the data center. And the gasified CO2 is expanded to do work through the second expansion device or the compressor module. The cold storage efficiency is improved through CO2 liquefaction cold storage, synchronous integration of cold storage and electricity storage is achieved through vaporization high pressure, the working medium and compression module operation mode is switched, the efficient air conditioner operation mode can be supported, the advantages of being multifunctional, high in efficiency and low in cost are achieved, and the energy efficiency requirement of a modern data center is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of engines and refrigerators, and in particular, relates to a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the data center industry, IT equipment in the computer room consumes a lot of electricity during operation, of which about 98% of the electricity is converted into heat. This accumulation of heat needs to be cooled and dissipated through a refrigeration system to ensure the normal operation of the IT equipment in the cabinet. Therefore, most data centers are equipped with high-efficiency cold source systems (such as computer room-specific air conditioners and chilled water systems) to maintain a suitable operating temperature. However, with the continuous increase in the power density of data centers, the load pressure and operating risks of traditional cold source systems continue to increase. Especially in high-density computer rooms, once the cold source system is interrupted, the temperature of the computer room may quickly exceed the safety upper limit (such as more than 40°C) within a few minutes, posing a serious threat to the normal operation of IT equipment, and even causing a major risk of equipment damage or data loss.

[0003] To reduce the above risks, currently mid- to high-end data centers are generally equipped with cold storage devices. Cold storage devices can not only provide a cold source when the refrigeration system is interrupted to ensure the stability of the temperature in the computer room, but also have the economic benefit of peak load reduction. Especially during peak power consumption periods, the coordinated operation of large-scale cold storage devices can significantly reduce the operating costs of data centers and improve the overall balance of power grid loads.

[0004] The existing cold storage methods mainly include water storage, ice storage and phase change material storage. Among them, water storage is widely used due to the maturity of its design and operation technology, and its application in the data center field has gradually increased; ice storage technology has gradually become another feasible cold storage solution with the commercialization of related products in recent years, and has been applied in some data centers. However, these traditional cold storage methods generally face the following problems when applied in high-density and large-scale data centers:

[0005] 1. Efficiency issue: Traditional ice storage technology needs to reach a level of cooling temperature far lower than the cooling temperature required for normal operation of the data center during the cooling process, resulting in low energy efficiency and increased operating energy consumption.

[0006] 2. Economic issues: Cold storage devices usually require high initial investment. At the same time, due to the complexity of design and operation, the maintenance cost is also high, which limits their widespread application in more data centers.

[0007] 3. Insufficient flexibility: Traditional cold storage devices are usually only used for the storage and release of cold sources and cannot be effectively combined with other energy needs of the data center, resulting in insufficient equipment utilization and comprehensive benefits. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present invention aims to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and proposes a cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers. The system adopts CO2 liquefaction cold storage technology to effectively improve the efficiency of the phase change cold storage process. At the same time, the high pressure after CO2 vaporization is used to do work, realizing the synchronous integration of cold storage and electricity storage functions. In addition, in seasons with low temperatures, the waste heat generated by the data center computer room that is higher than the ambient temperature can be used for the vaporization of CO2, which not only realizes the recycling of waste heat, but also further enhances the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the system. By switching the working fluid and adjusting the series-parallel operation mode of the compression module in the compressor, the system also supports high-efficiency air-conditioning operation mode. Overall, the energy system of the present invention has significant advantages such as versatility, high efficiency, high resource utilization and low cost, and is particularly suitable for the energy efficiency requirements of modern data centers.

[0009] The present invention provides a cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for a data center, comprising a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a first expansion device, and a motor. The compressor, the first heat exchanger, and the first expansion device are connected in sequence, and the motor is connected to the compressor. The system is characterized in that:

[0010] The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers uses CO2 as a working fluid;

[0011] The first expansion device is an expansion device other than an expander;

[0012] It also includes an air storage device connected to the compressor;

[0013] It also includes a liquid storage device, which is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device, or on the connecting pipeline with the outlet of the first expansion device;

[0014] It also includes data center rooms;

[0015] The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers has at least the following two operation modes:

[0016] The first operation mode is an energy storage mode, wherein the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers consumes electric energy to generate CO2 liquid and stores it in the liquid storage device;

[0017] The second operation mode is an energy release mode, in which the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers consumes the CO2 liquid stored in the liquid storage device to generate electricity;

[0018] In the first operation mode, after the CO2 gas flowing out of the gas storage device is compressed by the compressor and then heat-exchanged in the first heat exchanger, when the liquid storage device is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device, the CO2 liquid generated after the heat exchange is stored in the liquid storage device; when the liquid storage device is arranged on the connecting pipeline with the outlet of the first expansion device, the CO2 liquid generated after the heat-exchanged CO2 passes through the first expansion device is stored in the liquid storage device;

[0019] In the second operation mode, when the liquid storage device is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device, the liquid of the CO2 liquid in the liquid storage device after passing through the first expansion device is heat-exchanged and gasified with the data center computer room, and ≥50% of the heat absorbed by the gasification of the CO2 liquid comes from the data center computer room; when the liquid storage device is arranged on the connecting pipeline with the outlet of the first expansion device, the CO2 liquid in the liquid storage device is heat-exchanged and gasified with the data center computer room, and ≥50% of the heat absorbed by the gasification of the CO2 liquid comes from the data center computer room;

[0020] In the second operation mode, the CO2 gas generated after the CO2 liquid in the liquid storage device absorbs heat expands and does work and is stored in the gas storage device;

[0021] In the second operation mode, the expansion work of the gasified CO2 may be achieved in any of the following ways:

[0022] (1) When the CO2 expansion work is based on an independent expander, the energy system further includes a second expansion device, which is an expander that recovers the expansion work of the working medium expansion process and outputs mechanical work, and the gasified CO2 is expanded by the second expansion device to achieve working medium expansion work;

[0023] When the CO2 expansion work is based on a compressor, the compressor is a volumetric compression device, which is composed of N compression modules. The N compression modules are used for the expansion of the CO2 working fluid. The gasified CO2 is expanded through the N compression modules to achieve the working fluid expansion work.

[0024] In a preferred implementation, further, when the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the compressor, the gas storage device is connected to the compressor, the compressor is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the first expansion device, the first expansion device is connected to the liquid storage device, and the first heat exchanger exchanges heat with the data center computer room; during the energy storage process of the energy system, the gas working medium in the gas storage device is compressed by the compressor, and the compressed gas working medium exchanges heat with the outdoor environment in the first heat exchanger; the gas working medium after heat exchange is expanded by the first expansion device and then flows into the liquid storage device; during the energy release process of the energy system, the liquid working medium in the liquid storage device is expanded by the first expansion device and then flows into the first heat exchanger; in the first heat exchanger, the liquid working medium exchanges heat with the data center computer room; the working medium after heat exchange is expanded by the compressor and then flows into the gas storage device;

[0025] When the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the second expansion device, the second expansion device is arranged in parallel with the compressor, and one end is arranged at the front end of the air inlet of the compressor, and the other end is arranged between the connecting pipeline of the air outlet of the compressor and the air inlet of the first heat exchanger; during the energy storage process of the energy system, the gaseous working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device is compressed by the compressor, and then enters the first heat exchanger to exchange heat with the outdoor environment, and the first heat exchanger can also exchange heat with the data center computer room; after heat exchange, the gaseous working fluid flows through the first expansion device and enters the liquid storage device; during the energy release process of the energy system, the liquid working fluid flowing out of the liquid storage device flows through the first expansion device and the first heat exchanger in sequence, and after heat exchange with the data center computer room in the first heat exchanger, it flows through the second expansion device to expand and returns to the gas storage device.

[0026] In a preferred implementation, further, a third heat exchanger is included;

[0027] When the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the compressor, the gas storage device is connected to the compressor, the compressor is connected to the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger is arranged in parallel with the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the first expansion device, the first expansion device is connected to the third heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger is connected to the compressor; during the energy storage process of the energy system, the gas working medium flows out of the gas storage device, enters the first heat exchanger for heat exchange after being compressed by the compressor; when the liquid storage device is arranged between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device, the condensed liquid in the first heat exchanger flows into the liquid storage device; when the liquid storage device is arranged between the first expansion device and the third heat exchanger, the condensed liquid in the first heat exchanger flows into the liquid storage device through the first expansion device; during the energy release process of the energy system, the liquid working medium flows out of the liquid storage device, passes through the first expansion device or directly enters the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the data center computer room, and the working medium after heat exchange flows into the gas storage device after being expanded by the compressor;

[0028] When the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the second expansion device, the gas storage device is connected to the compressor, the compressor is connected to the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is connected to the first expansion device, the first expansion device is connected to the third heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger is connected to the second expansion device, the second expansion device is connected to the gas storage device, and the liquid storage device is connected to the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device through a connecting pipeline, or is located on the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device and the third heat exchanger; during the energy storage process of the energy system, the gas working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device is compressed After being compressed by the machine, it enters the first heat exchanger for heat exchange; when the liquid storage device is located between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger flows into the liquid storage device; when the liquid storage device is located between the first expansion device and the third heat exchanger, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger flows into the liquid storage device after passing through the first expansion device; during the energy release process of the energy system, after the liquid working medium in the liquid storage device flows out, it passes through the first expansion device or directly enters the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the data center computer room, and the working medium after heat exchange expands through the second expansion device and then flows into the gas storage device.

[0029] In a preferred implementation, further, the energy system has any of the following features:

[0030] The compressor is composed of ≥2 compression modules, and ≥2 compression modules constitute ≥2 stages of series compression, wherein: there are ≥1 first-stage compression modules and ≥1 second-stage compression modules, the number of compression stages inside the first-stage compression module is ≥1, and the number of compression stages inside the second-stage compression module is ≥1, and there is an interstage suction port between the first-stage compression module and the second-stage compression module, and also includes a third operation mode: the gas working medium flowing out of the gas storage device is compressed by the compressor and then heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger, when the liquid storage device is located between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger is partially stored in the liquid storage device, when the liquid storage device is located between the first expansion device and the third heat exchanger, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger is partially stored in the liquid storage device through the first expansion device, and the remaining part of the working medium flowing out of the first heat exchanger flows into the third heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the data center computer room, and then the working medium is compressed in the high-pressure stage compression module in the compressor through the interstage suction port of the compressor, so part of the working medium circulates in the second-stage compression module, the first heat exchanger, the first expansion device, and the third heat exchanger;

[0031] The compressor is composed of ≥2 compression modules, and there is ≥1 valve between ≥2 compression modules. Under the action of the valve, ≥2 compression modules can constitute ≥2 compression modules in parallel compression, or constitute ≥2 levels of series compression, wherein: there are ≥1 first-stage compression module and ≥1 second-stage compression module, the number of compression stages inside the first-stage compression module is ≥1, and the number of compression stages inside the second-stage compression module is ≥1, and also includes a fourth operating mode: under the action of the valve, the first-stage compression module and the second-stage compression module of the compressor are connected in parallel, the first-stage compression module and the second-stage compression module of the compressor are respectively connected to the third heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger, and the other ends of the third heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger are respectively connected to the two ends of the first expansion device, so the working fluid circulates in the parallel compression modules, the first heat exchanger, the first expansion device, and the third heat exchanger of the compressor.

[0032] In a preferred implementation, further, the operating working fluid of the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers includes a second working fluid, and the second working fluid includes at least one working fluid with a critical temperature higher than 305K;

[0033] It also includes a storage tank for storing a second working fluid and a working fluid switching valve;

[0034] The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers has the following functions:

[0035] When the energy system operates in the fourth operation mode, the proportion of the mass flow of CO2 working fluid in the cooling, heating and power multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center to the total flow of working fluid is controlled to be less than 50%;

[0036] When the energy system operates in the first operating mode, the second operating mode, and the third operating mode, the proportion of the CO2 working fluid mass flow rate in the cooling, heating, and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center to the total working fluid flow rate is controlled to be ≥50%.

[0037] In a preferred implementation, further, it also includes a gas separation device for CO2 and the second working fluid, which is used to control the proportion of CO2 in the working fluid mass flow in the cooling, heating and power multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center.

[0038] In a preferred implementation, further, it includes a first bypass pipe, wherein the first bypass pipe is connected in parallel with the third heat exchanger;

[0039] And / or, the working fluid flowing into the third heat exchanger contains liquid.

[0040] The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers described in any one of the above items further includes a second bypass pipe, which is connected in parallel with the first expansion device;

[0041] And / or, further comprising a fourth heat exchanger, wherein the fourth heat exchanger performs heat exchange with the first heat exchanger, is used for absorbing heat from the first heat exchanger, and releasing the absorbed heat to the outdoor environment;

[0042] And / or, further comprising a fifth heat exchanger, the fifth heat exchanger being arranged between the compressor and the first heat exchanger and being used for recovering cooling heat after the working medium is compressed;

[0043] And / or, it also includes a sixth heat exchanger, which is arranged between the second expansion device and the third heat exchanger and is used to heat the working medium temperature before expansion.

[0044] And / or, further comprising a second heat exchanger, wherein the second heat exchanger is arranged between the gas storage device and the compressor or between the gas storage device and the second expansion device;

[0045] and / or, the compressor is a ≥2-stage compression device, with at least one seventh heat exchanger in the middle for inter-stage heat exchange;

[0046] And / or, the second expansion device is a ≥2-stage expansion device, with at least one eighth heat exchanger in the middle for inter-stage heat exchange.

[0047] In any one of the above-mentioned cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization systems for data centers, in the first operation mode, the CO from the gas storage device 2 After being compressed by the compressor, the heat is exchanged in the first heat exchanger; when CO 2 When the liquid flows out from the first heat exchanger, ≥50% of CO 2 The heat of condensation is released to the environment;

[0048] And / or, the liquid storage temperature in the liquid storage device is set at T 0 Between the critical temperature, T 0 It is the lower value between the ambient temperature and -5℃;

[0049] And / or, ≥50% of the electric energy generated in the second operating mode is used in the data center computer room.

[0050] The cooling, heating and power multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers described in any one of the above items, 10. The connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device is connected through a valve and a liquid storage device, and the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device and the third heat exchanger is connected through a valve and a liquid storage device;

[0051] The liquid storage device can be switched between being connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device or being connected to the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device and the third heat exchanger under the action of the valve.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0053] First, the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers of the present invention uses CO2 as a working fluid, designs an energy storage mode and an energy release mode, makes full use of the thermodynamic characteristics of CO2 in the liquefaction and gasification process, and realizes efficient energy conversion and recycling. In the energy storage mode, CO2 is liquefied and stored by using low-peak electricity to achieve cold storage and electricity storage; in the energy release mode, gasification is achieved by heat exchange between CO2 liquid and waste heat in the data center computer room, of which ≥50% of the heat comes from the data center computer room, reducing the demand for condensation heat recovery. Condensation heat refers to the heat released during the condensation of CO2 gas from saturated steam temperature to liquid, further reducing the heat storage device. The system design can select a second expansion device or a volumetric compressor to recover the expansion work of CO2 gasified after absorbing heat, and ≥50% of the generated electricity can be directly supplied to the data center, effectively reducing external energy consumption and ensuring the power supply of the data center. The system operates in dual modes, combined with a flexible expansion energy recovery mechanism, improves the energy utilization efficiency of the data center, reduces operating costs, and has good environmental protection and applicability.

[0054] Second, the energy system of the present invention can realize efficient energy storage and energy release functions. During the energy storage process, the gaseous working medium in the gas storage device is compressed by a compressor, and after the gaseous working medium exchanges heat with the outdoor environment through the first heat exchanger, it expands through the first expansion device and flows into the liquid storage device. The liquid CO2 in the liquid storage device can be completely identical to the refrigeration temperature required by the data center, avoiding the problem of low refrigeration temperature during ice storage, thereby realizing efficient cold storage; during the energy release process, the liquid working medium in the liquid storage device is expanded by the first expansion device or directly flows into the first heat exchanger, and heat is exchanged with the data center computer room to realize energy release. Therefore, the latent heat of CO2 liquefaction can be fully used for cooling the data center, reducing energy loss, and effectively improving energy utilization efficiency. It is suitable for efficient energy management in high-energy consumption scenarios such as data centers.

[0055] Third, in the preferred implementation, the energy system of the present invention realizes the separation and coordinated optimization of compression and expansion functions by introducing a second expansion device into the energy system and setting it in parallel with the compressor. In the energy storage process, after the working fluid is efficiently compressed by the compressor, it is efficiently heat exchanged with the outdoor environment in the first heat exchanger, realizing efficient storage of cold and electricity; in the energy release process, the working fluid is successively gasified and heat exchanged through the first expansion device and the first heat exchanger, and after exchanging heat with the waste heat of the data center computer room, the cold is efficiently utilized, and the second expansion device is further efficiently expanded to do work, and the electricity is recovered and returned to the gas storage device, completing the closed-loop operation of the working fluid.

[0056] Fourth, in the preferred implementation, the energy system of the present invention realizes efficient operation of the energy system by setting a first heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger in parallel, and flexibly adjusting the position of the liquid storage device and the working fluid flow path. By using independent heat exchangers in the CO2 cooling and evaporation processes, the third operation mode, namely the energy storage + air conditioning operation mode, is also realized. In the energy storage process, the needs of both electricity storage, cold storage and cooling supply under certain working conditions are met, thereby realizing efficient operation of the energy system and reducing the cost of the device. In the energy release process, the liquid working fluid can directly enter the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the data center computer room, making full use of the latent heat of evaporation of the liquid to meet the cooling needs of the computer room; the working fluid after heat exchange recovers energy through compressor expansion and is stored in the gas storage device, forming an efficient energy cycle.

[0057] Fifth, in the preferred implementation, the energy system of the present invention optimizes the energy circulation path of the working fluid by simultaneously setting a third heat exchanger and a second expansion device, thereby achieving efficient operation of energy storage and energy release. During the energy storage process, the working fluid is condensed and heat exchanged through the first heat exchanger, and the flow path is flexibly selected in combination with the position of the liquid storage device to reduce unnecessary energy losses; during the energy release process, the liquid working fluid passes through the first expansion device or directly enters the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the waste heat of the data center computer room, and then expands through the second expansion device to recover the expansion work, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency. The introduction of the third heat exchanger further enhances the heat exchange capacity of the system, and the design of the second expansion device effectively recovers the mechanical energy released during the expansion process.

[0058] Sixth, in the preferred implementation, the energy system of the present invention improves the flexibility and operating efficiency of the energy system by introducing a bypass pipe and multiple heat exchangers (the fourth, fifth and sixth heat exchangers). The bypass pipe is connected in parallel with the first expansion device, and the flow path can be selected according to the working conditions, reducing the flow resistance and throttling loss under specific conditions; the fourth heat exchanger absorbs the heat of the first heat exchanger and releases it to the outdoor environment, enhancing the heat dissipation capacity of the system and optimizing the heat management; the fifth heat exchanger is arranged between the compressor and the first heat exchanger, for heat exchange between the two, improving the compression efficiency and further recovering heat; the sixth heat exchanger connects the second expansion device and the third heat exchanger, optimizing the heat exchange of the gasified medium after expansion, and further improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0059] Seventh, in the preferred implementation, the energy system of the present invention further optimizes the system energy efficiency and heat management by introducing a second heat exchanger and a heat storage device. The setting of the second heat exchanger (between the gas storage device and the compressor or between the gas storage device and the second expansion device) can utilize the gas heat in the gas storage device to exchange heat with the environment or other working fluids before the working fluid enters the compressor or the expansion device, thereby improving the efficiency of compression or expansion. The heat storage device exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger, and the heat released during the condensation or vaporization of the working fluid can be recovered during the operation of the system, which can be used to heat low-temperature working fluids or other system requirements, thereby realizing the storage and reuse of thermal energy, thereby effectively reducing energy waste, improving the energy utilization efficiency of the overall system, while reducing operating costs and enhancing the adaptability and stability of the system under different operating conditions.

[0060] Eighth, the present invention optimizes the design of the data center energy system, and in the first operating mode, uses the first heat exchanger to release ≥50% of CO 2 The condensation heat is discharged into the environment, which reduces the need to store and recycle the condensation heat, significantly reducing the system operating cost. At the same time, the liquid storage temperature of the liquid storage device can be flexibly set at T 0Between the critical temperature and the critical temperature, the storage conditions are dynamically adjusted according to the ambient temperature to ensure that the system operates efficiently in different seasons and environments. ≥50% of the electricity generated in the energy release process is used in the data center, reducing losses in power transmission. In addition, by providing valves and liquid storage devices in the connecting pipes between the first heat exchanger and the first expansion device, and between the first expansion device and the third heat exchanger, the path of the liquid storage device is flexibly switched, and the working fluid flow path can be adjusted according to operating requirements, thereby improving the adaptability, flexibility and energy efficiency of the system operation. This design not only optimizes heat management, but also reduces flow resistance, extends the service life of the equipment, and provides reliable guarantee for energy-saving and efficient operation of the data center.

[0061] Ninth, CO2 as a refrigerant is environmentally friendly, however, its critical temperature is low. When the ambient temperature exceeds the critical temperature, it has a problem of low refrigeration efficiency. This project directly stores liquid CO2 for the dual purposes of cold storage and electricity storage. The cold storage and electricity storage occur at night, taking advantage of the lower temperature at night than during the day, further improving the economic efficiency of using CO2 as a refrigerant for cooling data centers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] Figure 1 It is a basic structural schematic diagram of a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers based on compressor expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 It is a basic structural schematic diagram of a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers based on expander expansion according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 The structure of the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers based on compressor expansion and the third heat exchanger of the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0065] Figure 4 The structure of the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers based on compressor expansion and the third heat exchanger of the embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 2 ;

[0066] Figure 5 The structure diagram of the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers based on the expansion of the expander and the third heat exchanger of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0067] Figure 6 The structure diagram of the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers based on the expansion of the expander and the third heat exchanger of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0068] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for a data center based on an interstage air intake, compressor expansion and a third heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for a data center based on an interstage air intake, expansion of an expander and a third heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy system based on compressor expansion in parallel and series compressor modes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of an energy system based on expander expansion in parallel and series compressor modes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for a data center based on compressor expansion and fixed air inlet and exhaust ports according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0073] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for a data center based on compressor expansion and fixed air inlet and exhaust ports according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0074] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for a data center based on a second working fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Among them, 101, the first heat exchanger; 102, the second heat exchanger; 103, the third heat exchanger; 104, the fourth heat exchanger; 105, the fifth heat exchanger; 106, the sixth heat exchanger; 2, the compressor; 201, the first compression module; 202, the second compression module; 301, the first expansion device; 302, the second expansion device; 4, the motor; 5, the liquid storage device; 6, the gas storage device; 7, the data center room; 8, the heat storage device; 9, the valve; 91, the first valve; 92, the second valve; 93, the third valve; 94, the fourth valve; 95, the fifth valve; 96, the sixth valve; 97, the seventh valve; 1101, the first bypass pipe; 1102, the second bypass pipe; 12, the second working fluid storage tank; 13, the working fluid switching valve; 141, the first vacuum pump; 142, the second vacuum pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0077] In the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless otherwise expressly defined. Terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment / method", "some embodiments / methods", "specific embodiments / methods", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment / method or example are included in at least one embodiment / method or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / method or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments / methods or examples in a suitable manner.

[0080] For data centers, in seasons with higher temperatures, such as summer, ambient air cannot be used to reduce the temperature to a suitable operating temperature for IT equipment. Therefore, data centers need to be equipped with air conditioners to provide suitable operating temperatures for IT equipment, which leads to the need for cold storage in data centers, and the configuration of cold storage devices is economically beneficial. However, in other seasons with lower temperatures, data centers can use ambient air to dissipate heat. Therefore, the cold storage devices configured for data centers cannot function in these seasons, resulting in a waste of cold storage investment.

[0081] The present invention records a cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers, which can bring into play the benefits of cold storage devices even in other seasons with lower temperatures. Specifically, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) High-efficiency cold storage function: CO2 phase change cold storage is adopted, and liquid CO2 is generated and stored by valley electricity at night. During the day, liquid CO2 is directly used to gasify and absorb the heat of IT equipment in the computer room of the data center. The temperature of the stored liquid CO2 can be the evaporation temperature required for refrigeration of the data center, or it can be the temperature before expansion after condensation. Compared with ice cold storage, the refrigeration temperature of the ice cold storage process is lower than the refrigeration temperature required for the normal operation of the data center. Therefore, direct storage of liquid CO2 does not lose temperature during the cold storage process, and the efficiency is high; the refrigerant is CO2, which is environmentally friendly compared to other Freon refrigerants; CO2 is used as the refrigerant. The biggest problem with refrigerants is that their critical temperature is low, which will lead to lower efficiency when the ambient temperature is high. Therefore, by producing liquid CO2 when the ambient temperature is low at night, the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigeration system using CO2 as a refrigerant can be improved. (2) High-efficiency power storage function: Since the refrigeration temperature required by the data center is between -5°C and 20°C, the pressure of the vaporized CO2 is relatively high, up to several MPa. The vaporized CO2 can be used to generate electricity. Compared with direct compressed CO2 energy storage, it usually requires the configuration of heat storage and cold storage devices to recover the heat released during the condensation process of CO2 and the cold released during the vaporization process. The present invention utilizes the cold demand of the data center computer room, which not only reduces the cold storage demand, but also The problem of heat source in the process of liquid CO2 vaporization is solved. Most of the heat in the CO2 condensation process can be directly discharged into the environment or provided to other heat needs. There is no need to configure a heat storage device for storing CO2 condensation heat for CO2 vaporization, which greatly reduces costs. In seasons with lower temperatures, the data center computer room has a large amount of waste heat, and the temperature of this waste heat is between 0℃ and 30℃. Therefore, the waste heat of the data center can also vaporize CO2, and the heat in the condensation process can also be directly discharged into the environment. There is no need to configure a heat storage device for storing CO2 phase change heat for CO2 vaporization. The waste heat of the computer room throughout the year solves the efficiency problem when the condensation heat is not recovered, which greatly reduces costs. In addition, Since the waste heat temperature is very close to the CO2 condensation temperature, not recovering the condensation heat and directly using the heat in the computer room to vaporize CO2 will not significantly reduce the CO2 storage efficiency. In addition, since the IT computer room in the data center has a year-round heat dissipation demand, the use of CO2 liquefaction to absorb heat has a much smaller impact on the flow resistance and heat exchange losses caused by heat exchange in the application of pure electricity storage in the direct compression CO2 energy storage system. (3) Waste heat utilization function: When the ambient temperature is very low, the waste heat in the data center computer room is used to vaporize CO2, and waste heat recovery is also achieved, thereby improving the storage efficiency. At the same time, there is no need to configure a cold storage device for CO2 condensation to store the heat absorbed by the CO2 vaporization process.(4) Air conditioning function: The compressor of the present invention is configured with multi-stage compression. In the present invention, the compressor is preferably a volumetric compression device, and is a multi-modular volumetric compression device. When the temperature is high, when it is necessary to store cold and provide cooling at the same time, the multi-stage compression and multi-modular compressor can be used through the action of valves to realize the suction of working fluid from the interstage, forming a mixed cycle consisting of an open cycle + a closed cycle, realizing the storage of liquid while providing cooling and heat dissipation for the data center room. Furthermore, when the temperature is very high, the multi-stage compression compressor can be compressed in parallel through the action of valves to form a completely closed cycle, so that the energy system is completely used for refrigeration, reducing the need for additional air conditioning system configuration. In addition, the power generation of gasified CO2 not only realizes the utilization of the energy system throughout the year, but also the electricity is directly used in the data center, reducing the power transmission loss; compared with the existing data center room air conditioning, the energy system of the present invention has few additional devices, mainly liquid storage devices and gas storage devices, so the economic benefits are obvious. In summary, the energy system of the present invention realizes the multi-functions of air conditioning-cold storage-electricity storage-waste heat utilization, and has many advantages. ;

[0082] Example 1

[0083] As the instruction manual Figure 1 , a multi-energy comprehensive utilization system of heat, cold and electricity for data centers, including a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 101, and a first expansion device 31 connected in sequence. It also includes a motor 4, which is connected to the compressor 2 through a transmission connection to realize the transmission of the mechanical work of the motor 4 to the compressor 2, and the transmission connection includes a shaft connection, a belt connection, a gear connection, a chain connection, and a cam connection. The working fluid of the multi-energy comprehensive utilization system of heat, cold and electricity for data centers is CO2. The first heat exchanger 101 is used for CO2 to release heat after compression and perform condensation heat exchange. The first expansion device 31 is an expansion device other than an expander, including an electronic expansion valve, a thermal expansion valve, a capillary, an ejector or an orifice plate. The multi-energy comprehensive utilization system of heat, cold and electricity for data centers also includes a liquid storage device 5 and a gas storage device 6. The liquid storage device 5 is used to store CO2 liquid and is connected to the outlet of the first expansion device 31. The gas storage device 6 is used to store CO2 gas and is connected to the compressor 2. The cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers also includes a data center computer room 7, which is used for heat exchange between CO2 liquid and the heat of IT equipment in the computer room through latent heat of evaporation. A data center computer room refers to a computer room with computer devices such as CPU, memory, and hard disk.

[0084] The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers has at least two operating modes:

[0085] The first operation mode is the energy storage mode, which includes both cold storage for data center heat dissipation and power storage for data centers and other systems. The cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers uses off-peak electricity at night to complete CO2 liquefaction and store it in the liquid storage device 5. The energy stored in the CO2 liquid includes both cold energy and potential energy. In the first operating mode, the CO2 flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2, heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger 101, and then expanded by the first expansion device 31. The liquid storage device 5 is located on the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or on the pipeline at the outlet of the first expansion device 31, for example: (1) the CO2 working medium after heat exchange is liquid, the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, and the generated liquid is stored in the liquid storage device 5, which is connected to the first expansion device 31; (2) the CO2 working medium after heat exchange is liquid or gas, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, and the first expansion device 31 is connected to the liquid storage device 5. After the CO2 working medium after heat exchange is expanded by the first expansion device 31, part or all of the generated liquid is stored in the liquid storage device 5.

[0086] In the first operation mode, the CO2 flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2 and then heat-exchanged in the first heat exchanger 101. When the CO2 flows out of the first heat exchanger 101 as a liquid, ≥50% of the CO2 condensation heat is released into the environment. The condensation heat refers to the heat released during the condensation of CO2 gas from the saturated steam temperature to the liquid. This is because the data center has a year-round heat dissipation demand, and the waste heat of the data center is between 0°C and 30°C, so it is very close to the CO2 condensation temperature, thereby reducing the energy system's storage of condensation heat and recycling it for CO2 vaporization power generation, which has a very large effect on reducing costs. Preferably, 100% of the CO2 condensation heat is released into the environment.

[0087] Furthermore, the liquid storage temperature is between T0 and the critical temperature, that is, T0≤liquid storage temperature≤critical temperature, T0 is the lower value between the ambient temperature and -5°C. When the ambient temperature is lower than -5°C, the liquid storage temperature can be the ambient temperature. For example, in a cold winter area with a temperature of -20°C, the liquid storage temperature can be -20°C. Therefore, when the liquid gasifies and absorbs the waste heat from the data center room and evaporates at 10°C to 25°C, the waste heat from the data center room can be used to do work and improve power generation efficiency. Taking into account the cooling temperature requirements and heat exchange temperature difference of data center related devices, the minimum liquid storage temperature in the season with higher temperatures is -5°C. Preferably, the liquid storage temperature in the season with higher temperatures is 5°C to 10°C. In addition, the critical temperature of CO2 is about 31°C.

[0088] The second operation mode is the energy release mode. The cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center uses the stored CO2 liquid to absorb heat and expand to do work by evaporating, providing cooling and electricity for the computer room. The latent heat of evaporation of the CO2 liquid can be used for heat dissipation in the data center. After the CO2 is liquefied, the gas can also be used for power generation. 50% of the electricity generated by power generation is used to supply electricity to the computer room of the data center. Preferably, 100% of the electricity generated by power generation is used to supply electricity to the computer room of the data center. In the second operation mode, the CO2 gas generated after the CO2 liquid absorbs heat is expanded and stored in the gas storage device 6. In the second operation mode, the CO2 liquid exchanges heat with the computer room of the data center. ≥50% of the heat absorbed by the CO2 liquid during vaporization comes from the computer room of the data center. Preferably, 100% of the heat absorbed by the CO2 liquid during vaporization comes from the computer room of the data center. In the second operation mode, the expansion work done by the CO2 liquid after vaporization can be an independent expander or a compressor. This is because for a volumetric compression device, it can be used as both a compressor and an expander. Therefore, as shown in the attached manual Figure 2 , the second operation mode can be any of the following: (1) When the CO2 expansion work is based on an independent expander, it also includes a second expansion device 32, which is an expander that recovers the expansion work of the working medium expansion process and outputs mechanical work. The CO2 liquid flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 is vaporized and then passed through the second expansion device 32 to achieve the working medium expansion work; (2) When the CO2 expansion work is based on a compressor, the compressor 2 is a volumetric compression device, and the compressor 2 is composed of ≥1 compression modules, N (N≥1) compression modules are used for working medium expansion, and the CO2 liquid is vaporized and then expanded through N compression modules to achieve the working medium expansion work. In addition, the second expansion device 32 is connected to the motor 4 through a transmission to achieve the transmission of the mechanical work of the second expansion device 32 to the motor 4.

[0089] Furthermore, the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers includes the following forms:

[0090] As the instruction manual Figure 1As shown, the energy system is composed of a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, and a liquid storage device 5. The gas storage device 6 is connected to the compressor 2, the compressor 2 is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, the first expansion device 31 is connected to the liquid storage device 5, and the first heat exchanger 101 exchanges heat with the data center room 7. During the energy storage process, after the gas working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2, the first heat exchanger 101 can exchange heat with the data center 7 and the outdoor environment. Therefore, the compressed gas exchanges heat with the outdoor environment in the first heat exchanger 101, and then flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31; during the energy release process, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows into the first heat exchanger 101 through the first expansion device 31 and exchanges heat with the data center room 7, and then the working medium expands through the compressor 2 and flows into the gas storage device 6. Since the liquid storage device 5 needs to pass through the first expansion device 31 twice, and the first expansion device 31 is an expansion device that does not recover expansion work, in order to reduce throttling losses, the opening degrees of the first expansion device 31 are different twice. For example: in the process of flowing into the liquid storage device 5, the first expansion device 31 is in a fully open state; in the process of flowing out of the liquid storage device 5, the first expansion device 31 is in a not fully open state according to the requirements of the refrigeration temperature.

[0091] As the instruction manual Figure 2 As shown, the energy system is composed of a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a second expansion device 32, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, and a liquid storage device 5. The gas storage device 6 is connected to the compressor 2 and the second expansion device 32 respectively, the compressor 2 and the second expansion device 32 are connected to the first heat exchanger 101 respectively, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, and the first expansion device 31 is connected to the liquid storage device 5. During the energy storage process, after the gas working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2, the first heat exchanger 101 can exchange heat with the data center 7 and the outdoor environment. Therefore, the compressed gas exchanges heat with the outdoor environment in the first heat exchanger 101, and then flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31; during the energy release process, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows into the first heat exchanger 101 through the first expansion device 31 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room 7, and then the working medium expands through the second expansion device 32 and flows into the gas storage device 6. Figure 2 The opening control of the first expansion device 31 is as described above and will not be repeated herein.

[0092] The present invention has the advantages of efficient energy utilization, and uses low-peak electricity to realize CO2 liquefaction at night, and stores heat energy and potential energy. The storage of liquid CO2 not only reduces energy waste, but also provides an efficient energy management method for the data center. During the day, the stored CO2 liquid is used for evaporation heat absorption and expansion work, which not only meets the refrigeration needs of the data center, but also generates electricity through expansion work to provide power support for the data center. The optimization of heat management is also achieved. The condensation heat released during the CO2 liquefaction process is ≥50% used for environmental heat dissipation, preferably 100% is used for environmental heat dissipation, reducing the demand for condensation heat storage, thereby reducing the overall operating cost of the system. During the gasification process, the CO2 liquid absorbs the data center computer room and cools the data center, effectively utilizing the low-grade heat energy of the data center, reducing the demand for cold energy storage, improving energy utilization efficiency, and further reducing the overall operating cost of the system. At the same time, the system allows the storage temperature to be flexibly adjusted according to the season and ambient temperature (such as the storage temperature can be as low as -20°C in cold areas), ensuring efficient operation under different environmental conditions. In the high temperature season, the storage temperature of liquid CO2 is set to 5℃~10℃, which comprehensively considers the cooling demand and heat exchange temperature difference of the data center to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system. There is no need to store and recover the waste heat of the data center in the system, thereby reducing the design complexity and cost of the heat storage device. By directly using the low temperature of the environment for CO2 liquid storage, additional refrigeration energy consumption is avoided, and the operating cost of the system is further reduced. The heat absorbed during the gasification of CO2 liquid mainly comes from the waste heat of the data center computer room (≥50%, preferably 100%), and the low-grade heat energy that was originally difficult to recover is utilized, effectively meeting the cooling needs of the data center. The expansion work after CO2 gasification is realized by the second expansion device or compressor, with high energy conversion efficiency, 50% of the power generation is directly used for the power supply of the data center, and preferably, 100% of the power generation is directly used for the power supply of the data center, further improving the recycling efficiency of energy. Through the phase change and energy recycling of CO2 liquid, the system reduces the dependence on traditional refrigerants and energy, which is in line with the development trend of green energy saving.

[0093] The advantages of the present invention are explained by comparing the prior art ice storage system with the data center-oriented cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system of the present invention. Assume that the data center room needs to be cooled during the day, the required cooling temperature is 5°C, the nighttime ambient temperature is 25°C, the nighttime low electricity price period is 8 hours (22:00-6:00), the electricity price is 0.5 yuan / kWh; the daytime electricity price is 1.0 yuan / kWh.

[0094] Take the existing ice storage system as an example:

[0095] During the cold storage process, the refrigeration system needs to reduce the temperature of the refrigerant to below the freezing point (assuming -5°C) to store ice for cold storage, and the theoretical refrigeration efficiency is 8.94.

[0096] The CO of the present invention 2 Take the energy system as an example:

[0097] In the cold storage process (first operation mode), CO is compressed at night using low-peak electricity prices. 2 The working fluid is condensed into liquid. Since the liquid CO2 can be stored at ambient temperature or at a refrigeration temperature of 5°C, the theoretical refrigeration efficiency is 13.91. 2 The cooling temperature is close to the temperature required by the data center, and the COP of the cooling process is higher (13.91 vs 8.94), which reduces the power consumption of cold storage at night. At the same time, the saturation pressure of the stored liquid CO2 at an evaporation temperature of 5°C is 3.9695MPa. When it is released into a gas storage device such as 1MPa, its theoretical power generation is 46.4kJ / kg. When the gas storage pressure of the gas storage device is lower, the power generation per unit mass of CO2 is greater. Therefore, the present invention not only meets the cooling needs of the data center, but also realizes energy recovery through expansion power generation, brings power generation income, and makes the system far superior to the existing technology in terms of economy. Moreover, in seasons with low temperatures, for example, when the ambient temperature is below 20°C, the data center can use ambient air to dissipate heat. When cold storage is not needed, the cold storage device is idle. However, in the present invention, the power storage function can still be used in this case. Moreover, when the ambient temperature is very low, for example, the ambient temperature is -20°C, the condensation temperature of liquid CO2 stored by valley electricity at night in the present invention is close to -20°C, and the waste heat of the data center (20°C to 30°C) is absorbed during the day, evaporated at about 15°C, and then expanded to do work, thereby realizing waste heat recovery and further reducing energy waste. Therefore, the system of the present invention supports dynamic adjustment of storage temperature (-20°C to 31°C), and can still operate efficiently under extreme environmental conditions, significantly improving the economy of the system.

[0098] Ideally, assuming that an energy system with an input power of 100kW can generate 1391kW of cooling capacity, 100kWh of electricity can be stored during the energy storage process, and 100kWh of electricity can be released during the energy release process. In practice, due to the heat exchange loss and flow resistance loss in the energy system, assuming that the heat exchange and flow losses in the condenser and evaporator of the energy system with an input power of 100kW are 10kW respectively, therefore, during the energy storage process, 110kWh of electricity needs to be input to store 100kWh of electricity, and only 90kWh of electricity can be released during the energy release process. On the other hand, assuming that the data center also needs cooling, storing 1391kWh of cooling capacity requires 120kWh of electricity. Therefore, assuming that in order to achieve 100kWh of electricity storage and 1391kWh of cold storage, an independent electricity storage system and an independent cold storage system are used, 230kWh of electricity is required and only 90kWh of electricity can be obtained. However, with the energy system of the present invention, since a set of heat exchangers is shared during the cold storage and electricity storage processes, the total electricity consumption is 220kWh, and 100kWh of electricity is obtained, that is, the flow and heat exchange losses in the heat exchanger only need to be calculated once, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the energy system. Similarly, the losses inside the compressor and expansion device are the same. In addition, compared to the two systems that each require a set of condensers and evaporators, the present invention only requires one set of condensers and evaporators, which greatly reduces costs and improves economy.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] In Example 1, the first heat exchanger 101 exchanges heat with both the data center room and the environment. In this example, based on Example 1, a third heat exchanger 103 is added to separate the heat exchange with the data center and the heat exchange with the environment, which can not only achieve efficient design and operation, but also achieve real-time circulation of the working fluid.

[0101] As the instruction manual Figure 3-4As shown, the energy system is composed of a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, a third heat exchanger 103, and a liquid storage device 5. The gas storage device 6 is connected to the compressor 2, the compressor 2 is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, the first expansion device 31 is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, the first heat exchanger 101 and the third heat exchanger 103 are arranged in parallel, the first heat exchanger 101 is used for compressed gas to exchange heat with the outside (such as ambient air); the third heat exchanger 103 exchanges waste heat with the data center computer room 7. The third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the compressor 2, and the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103. Since the compressor 2 is connected to the first heat exchanger 101 and the third heat exchanger 103, in theory, the first expansion device 31 can be closed to control the working medium to run along the above route. However, in order to better control the working medium to run along the above route, a first valve 91 is set at the inlet of the first heat exchanger 101, and a second valve 92 is set at the outlet of the third heat exchanger 103. The working medium is guided to flow along the preset path by controlling the opening and closing state of the valve. The first valve 91 is used to control the inlet airflow of the first heat exchanger 101 to ensure that the gas working medium enters the first heat exchanger 101 for condensation first during the energy storage process. The second valve 92 is used to control the outlet airflow of the third heat exchanger 103, and is closed in the energy storage mode to ensure that the path of the gas working medium flows from the first heat exchanger 101 to the liquid storage device 5.

[0102] In the implementation of the present application, the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103. Figure 3 As shown in the example, the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 through a pipeline; Figure 4 As shown in the example, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the liquid storage device 5 by pipeline, and the liquid storage device 5 is further connected to the first expansion device 31 by pipeline. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103. The above connection situations all belong to the connection between the liquid storage device 5 and the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0103] During the energy storage process, the gaseous working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2 and then exchanges heat in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the pipeline. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31.

[0104] During the energy release process, according to the position of the liquid storage device 5, the liquid CO2 flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 has the following two paths: the first path: directly flows into the third heat exchanger 103 through the partially opened state of the first expansion device 31, and completes gasification by heat exchange with the waste heat of the data center room 7. The second path: directly flows into the third heat exchanger 103, and is gasified by heat exchange with the data center room 7. The gasified CO2 enters the compressor 2 through the pipeline, expands and works in the compressor 2 and generates electricity, and the expanded gas is stored in the gas storage device 6. During the energy release process, the first valve 91 is closed to prevent the working fluid from flowing in reverse, and the second valve 92 is opened to guide the gasified working fluid into the compressor 2.

[0105] The energy system of this embodiment is different from that of Embodiment 1 in that the first heat exchanger 101 of Embodiment 1 independently undertakes the functions of condensation heat exchange and heat exchange of the data center, and the expansion flow is controlled only by the first expansion device 31 in the system. The operation path is relatively simple and fixed, and the operation mode cannot be dynamically adjusted according to demand.

[0106] The first heat exchanger 101 of Example 2 is mainly responsible for condensation heat exchange with the environment, and the third heat exchanger 103 is specifically used for waste heat exchange with the data center computer room. The gasification of liquid CO2 is mainly completed in the third heat exchanger 103. At the same time, valve control is added, and the energy storage and release modes are flexibly switched through the first valve 91 and the second valve 92 to ensure that the working fluid flows efficiently along the predetermined path.

[0107] Based on Example 1, this Example 2 improves the energy efficiency, flexibility and stability of the system by adding the third heat exchanger 103 and valve control. It can more efficiently utilize the waste heat of the data center room, while optimizing the condensation and gasification process of CO2, making the system more adaptable to different environmental conditions and operating requirements. This improvement makes the system have stronger practical application value, especially in high-load data centers.

[0108] Example 3

[0109] In Example 2, the work of expansion of the working fluid is based on the compressor 2. In this embodiment, the work of expansion of the working fluid is based on an independent expander.

[0110] As the instruction manual Figure 5-6 As shown, on the basis of Example 2, the energy system is composed of a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, a third heat exchanger 103, a second expansion device 32, and a liquid storage device 5. The gas storage device 6 is connected to the compressor 2, the compressor 2 is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, the first expansion device 31 is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the second expansion device 32, the second expansion device 32 is connected to the gas storage device 6, and the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0111] During the energy storage process, the gaseous working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2 and then exchanges heat in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31. During the energy release process, the liquid working fluid flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows through the first expansion device 31 or directly into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room 7. Then the working fluid expands through the second expansion device 32 and flows into the gas storage device 6.

[0112] In the instruction manual Figure 5 In the embodiment, the compressor 2 and the second expansion device 32 are connected to the first heat exchanger 101, and the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the second expansion device 32 through a pipeline and is provided with a valve 92. The flow direction of the working medium can be controlled by the valve 92. Preferably, the inlet of the first heat exchanger 101 should also have a valve 91. The multi-path control is realized by the setting of the valve to adapt to different mode requirements and improve the flexibility of system operation. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the second expansion device 32 is directly connected to the outlet of the third heat exchanger 103, which reduces valve and pressure drop losses, further reduces the operating energy consumption of the system, optimizes the working fluid flow path through direct connection, and improves the efficiency of the expansion process.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] As the instruction manual Figure 7 As shown in the instruction manual Figure 4On the basis of, the energy system is composed of a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, a third heat exchanger 103, and a liquid storage device 5. The compressor 2 is composed of ≥2 compression modules, namely a first-stage compression module 201 and a second-stage compression module 202. The ≥2 compression modules constitute ≥2-stage series compression and have an inter-stage air intake port. The air storage device 6 is connected to the air inlet of the first-stage compression module 201 of the compressor 2, the air outlet of the first-stage compression module 201 is connected to the air inlet of the second-stage compression module 202, the air outlet of the second-stage compression module 202 is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, the first expansion device 31 is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the air intake port of the compressor 2 as the expander through the first valve 91, the third heat exchanger 103 is also connected to the inter-stage air intake port between the first-stage compression module 201 and the second-stage compression module 202 of the compressor 2 through the second valve 92, and the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0115] During the energy storage process, the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2 and then exchanges heat in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31. The energy storage process can also be a third operating mode: the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2 and then exchanges heat in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31. 1 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31, and the remaining part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room. The remaining part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger 101 can be liquid, gas or a liquid-gas mixture. Then the working fluid is compressed in the secondary compression module of the compressor 2 through the second valve 92 and the interstage suction port of the compressor 2. Therefore, part of the working fluid circulates in the secondary compression module, the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0116] During the energy release process, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows out, passes through the first expansion device 31 or directly flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room, and then the working medium expands through the first valve 91 and the compressor 2 and flows into the gas storage device 6. Since the position of the liquid storage device 5 can be set on the connecting pipeline at the inlet of the first expansion device 31 or on the connecting pipeline at the outlet of the first expansion device 31, when the liquid storage device 5 is set on the connecting pipeline at the inlet of the first expansion device 31, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows out, passes through the first expansion device 31, flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room; when the liquid storage device 5 is set on the connecting pipeline at the outlet of the first expansion device 31, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows out, directly flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room.

[0117] This embodiment is different from the embodiment 2 Figure 4 The difference between the energy systems is that Figure 4 The compressor 2 of the energy system is composed of an integral module without an interstage air inlet. The gas coming out of the gas storage device 6 directly enters the compressor 2, and flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after compression. There is no interstage air inlet. Heat exchange is performed through the first heat exchanger 101 and the third heat exchanger 103. The compressor 2 only works as a single module. The compressor 2 of Example 4 is composed of a primary compression module 201 and a secondary compression module 202, forming a structure of ≥2 stages of series compression. The gas coming out of the gas storage device 6 first enters the primary compression module 201, and the compressed gas flows into the secondary compression module 202, and then enters the first heat exchanger 101; there is an interstage air intake between the primary compression module 201 and the secondary compression module 202, and the interstage air intake is connected to the third heat exchanger 103 through the second valve 92 for cooling the gas. Compared with this embodiment Figure 4 , an interstage air intake is introduced, so that in the third operating mode, the working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is stored in the liquid storage device 5 to achieve cold storage and electricity storage. Since part of the working fluid circulates in the secondary compression module, the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31, and the third heat exchanger 103, part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger 101 is stored in the liquid storage device 5, and part flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room 7. When the working fluid flowing into the third heat exchanger 103 contains liquid, it can also provide cooling for the data center while storing cold, thereby avoiding the problem of being unable to cool the data center due to cold storage, and ultimately avoiding the problem of needing to additionally configure an independent refrigeration system to cool the data center.

[0118] Example 5

[0119] As the instruction manual Figure 8As shown, based on Example 4, the energy system includes a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a second expansion device, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, a third heat exchanger 103, and a liquid storage device 5. The compressor 2 is composed of ≥2 compression modules, which constitute ≥2 stages of series compression and have an inter-stage air intake port. The air storage device 6 is connected to the air inlet of the first-stage compression module 201 of the compressor 2, the air outlet of the first-stage compression module 201 is connected to the air inlet of the second-stage compression module 202, the air outlet of the second-stage compression module 202 is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, the first expansion device 31 is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the air inlet of the second expansion device 32, the third heat exchanger 103 is also connected to the inter-stage air intake port between the first-stage compression module 201 and the second-stage compression module 202 of the compressor 2, and the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0120] During the energy storage process, the gaseous working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2 and then exchanges heat in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31. The energy storage process can also be a third operating mode: the gaseous working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2 and then heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31. The remaining part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room. The remaining part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger 101 can be liquid, gas or a liquid-gas mixture. Then the working fluid is compressed in the secondary compression module 202 of the compressor 2 through the first valve 91 and the inter-stage suction port of the compressor 2. Therefore, part of the working fluid circulates in the secondary compression module of the compressor, the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31, and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0121] During the energy release process, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 passes through the first expansion device 31 or directly flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room, and then the working medium expands through the second expansion device 32 and flows into the gas storage device 6. Similarly, when the liquid storage device 5 is arranged on the connecting pipeline at the inlet of the first expansion device 31, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows into the third heat exchanger 103 after flowing out and exchanges heat with the data center computer room after passing through the first expansion device 31; when the liquid storage device 5 is arranged on the connecting pipeline at the outlet of the first expansion device 31, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows directly into the third heat exchanger 103 after flowing out and exchanges heat with the data center computer room.

[0122] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that embodiment 4 only includes one expansion device 31, and is located after the first heat exchanger 101. The liquid working medium in the liquid storage device 5 releases energy through the first expansion device 31, or directly enters the third heat exchanger 103 for heat exchange. After the working medium passes through the third heat exchanger 103, it directly flows back to the compressor 2 through the interstage air intake port for compression. Embodiment 5 adds a second expansion device 32, which is located after the third heat exchanger 103, for further expansion and energy release. The liquid working medium in the liquid storage device 5 passes through the first expansion device 31 or directly enters the third heat exchanger 103 for heat exchange. After the working medium passes through the third heat exchanger 103, it expands through the second expansion device 32 and then flows back to the gas storage device 6. Due to the addition of the second expansion device 32, the energy release process can be more finely controlled, and the energy recovery efficiency is further improved. Compared with embodiment 4, embodiment 5 adds a second expansion device 32, optimizes the working medium flow path after the third heat exchanger 103, and improves the efficiency of the energy release process. While the structure of embodiment 4 is simple and suitable for scenarios with high cost requirements, it may be slightly insufficient in energy recovery efficiency. Moreover, in embodiment 5, the compressor 2 is composed of ≥2 compression modules, and the ≥2 compression modules can not only form series compression but also parallel compression, so that more functions can be exerted, such as the fourth operation mode in embodiment 6.

[0123] In addition, Figure 8In the energy system, a first bypass pipe 1101 connected in parallel with the third heat exchanger 103 is further provided, one end of the first bypass pipe 1101 is communicated with the connecting pipe between the third heat exchanger 103 and the first expansion device 31, and the other end is communicated with the other end connecting pipe of the third heat exchanger 103. Similarly, in other embodiments provided with the third heat exchanger 103, the energy system can be provided with a first bypass pipe 1101 connected in parallel with the third heat exchanger 103, a second valve 92 is provided on the first bypass pipe 1101, and a third valve 93 is provided on the third heat exchanger 103. Through the first bypass pipe 1101 and the control of the second valve 92 and the third valve 93, a part of the working fluid flow after passing through the first expansion device 31 can flow into the compressor through the first bypass pipe 1101. For example: when running at In the third operation mode, part of the gaseous working fluid in the working fluid flow after the first expansion device 31 passes through the first bypass pipe 1101, which can reduce the pressure drop loss, thereby improving the efficiency of the energy system; or when operating in the third operation mode and the data center computer room 7 has no cooling demand at this time, the gas in the working fluid flow after the first expansion device 31 passes through the first bypass pipe 1101 rather than the third heat exchanger 103, which can reduce the pressure drop loss, thereby improving the efficiency of the energy system; or when operating in the third operation mode and the data center computer room 7 has cooling demand at this time, the gas in the working fluid flow after the first expansion device 31 flows into the secondary compression module through the first bypass pipe 1101, and part of the liquid exchanges heat with the data center computer room 7 through the third heat exchanger 103, which can reduce the pressure drop loss, thereby improving the efficiency of the energy system;

[0124] Example 6

[0125] As the instruction manual Fig. 9As shown, the energy system is composed of a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, a third heat exchanger 103, and a liquid storage device 5. The compressor is composed of ≥2 compression modules, and there is ≥1 valve 9 between ≥2 compression modules. Under the action of the valve 9, ≥2 compression modules can form ≥2 compression modules in parallel compression, or ≥2 levels of series compression, wherein: there are ≥1 first-level compression modules, ≥1 second-level compression modules, and the number of compression stages inside the first-level compression module is ≥1, and the number of compression stages inside the second-level compression module is ≥1. When the first-stage compression module 201 and the second-stage compression module 202 of the compressor 2 are connected in series, the air storage device 6 is connected to the air intake port of the first-stage compression module 201 when the compressor 2 is used as a compressor, the air exhaust port of the second-stage compression module 202 when the compressor 2 is used as a compressor is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, the first expansion device 31 is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the air intake port when the compressor 2 is used as an expander, and the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0126] During the energy storage process, the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed in series by the first compression module 201 and the second compression module 202, and then heat is exchanged in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31. The energy storage process can also be the following process: the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2, and then heat is exchanged in the first heat exchanger 1 01, when the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5, and when the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31, and the remaining part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room 7, and then the working fluid is sucked into the secondary compression module through the intermediate connecting pipeline connected in series between the primary compression module and the secondary compression module of the compressor 2, that is, the working fluid is compressed from Figure 7 The second valve 92 and the third valve 93 are opened. Figure 7 The first valve 91, the fourth valve 94 and the fifth valve 95 are closed, and the working fluid from the third heat exchanger 103 is sucked into the secondary compression module through the third valve 93 and compressed.

[0127] During the energy release process, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 flows through the first expansion device 31 or directly into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center room 7 , and then the working medium expands through the compressor 2 and flows into the gas storage device 6 .

[0128] It also includes a fourth operation mode. When the primary compression module and the secondary compression module of the compressor 2 are connected in parallel, under the action of the valve 9, the air inlet of the primary compression module 201 of the compressor 2 when it is used as a compressor is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, and the exhaust port is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, and the air inlet of the secondary compression module 202 of the compressor 2 when it is used as a compressor is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, and the exhaust port is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, and the working fluid flowing out of the third heat exchanger 103 flows into the primary compression module and the secondary compression module respectively, flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after being compressed in the primary compression module, and flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after being compressed in the secondary compression module, and flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after being compressed in the second compression module, and after the working fluid exchanges heat in the first heat exchanger 101, it flows into the third heat exchanger 103 through the first expansion device 31, therefore, the working fluid circulates in the parallel compression modules of the compressor, the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31, and the third heat exchanger 103, therefore, the fourth operation mode is also an air conditioning mode. Preferably, valves are provided on the gas storage device 6 and the liquid storage device 5. In the fourth operating mode or the air-conditioning mode, the valves on the gas storage device 6 and the liquid storage device 5 disconnect the connection with the compressor 2 and the first expansion device 31 to prevent the working fluid from entering the gas storage device 6 and the liquid storage device 5.

[0129] As the instruction manual Fig.10 As shown, the energy system is composed of a gas storage device 6, a compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 101, a first expansion device 31, a third heat exchanger 103, a second expansion device 32, and a liquid storage device 5. The compressor is composed of ≥2 compression modules, and there is ≥1 valve 9 between ≥2 compression modules. Under the action of the valve 9, ≥2 compression modules can form ≥2 compression modules in parallel compression, or can form ≥2 levels of series compression, wherein: there are ≥1 first-stage compression modules, ≥1 second-stage compression modules, and the number of compression stages inside the first-stage compression module is ≥1, and the number of compression stages inside the second-stage compression module is ≥1. When the first-stage compression module 201 and the second-stage compression module 202 of the compressor 2 are connected in series, the gas storage device 6 is connected to the intake port of the first-stage compression module 201 when the compressor 2 is used as a compressor, and the exhaust port of the second-stage compression module 202 when the compressor 2 is used as a compressor is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, the first heat exchanger 101 is connected to the first expansion device 31, the first expansion device 31 is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the second expansion device 32, the second expansion device 32 is connected to the gas storage device 6, and the liquid storage device 5 is connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103.

[0130] During the energy storage process, the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed in series by the first compression module 201 and the second compression module 202, and then heat is exchanged in the first heat exchanger 101. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5. When the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31. The energy storage process can also be the following process: the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the compressor 2, and then heat is exchanged in the first heat exchanger 1 01, when the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5, and when the liquid storage device 5 is located between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103, the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger 101 is partially stored in the liquid storage device 5 through the first expansion device 31, and the remaining part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center computer room 7, and then the working fluid is sucked into the secondary compression module through the intermediate connecting pipeline connected in series between the primary compression module and the secondary compression module of the compressor 2, that is, the working fluid is compressed from Figure 7 The second valve 92 and the third valve 93 are opened. Figure 7 The first valve 91, the fourth valve 94 and the fifth valve 95 are closed, and the working fluid from the third heat exchanger 103 is sucked into the secondary compression module through the third valve 93 and compressed.

[0131] During the energy release process, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device 5 passes through the first expansion device 31 or directly flows into the third heat exchanger 103 and exchanges heat with the data center room 7 , and then the working medium expands through the second expansion device 32 and flows into the gas storage device 6 .

[0132] It also includes a fourth operation mode. When the primary compression module and the secondary compression module of the compressor 2 are connected in parallel, under the action of the valve 9, the air inlet of the primary compression module 201 of the compressor 2 when it is used as a compressor is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, and the exhaust port is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, and the air inlet of the secondary compression module 202 of the compressor 2 when it is used as a compressor is connected to the third heat exchanger 103, and the exhaust port is connected to the first heat exchanger 101, and the working fluid flowing out of the third heat exchanger 103 flows into the primary compression module and the secondary compression module respectively, flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after being compressed in the primary compression module, and flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after being compressed in the secondary compression module, and flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after being compressed in the second compression module, and after the working fluid exchanges heat in the first heat exchanger 101, it flows into the third heat exchanger 103 through the first expansion device 31, therefore, the working fluid circulates in the parallel compression modules of the compressor, the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31, and the third heat exchanger 103, and the fourth operation mode is also an air conditioning mode. Preferably, valves are provided on the gas storage device 6 and the liquid storage device 5 . In the fourth operating mode or the air-conditioning mode, the valves on the gas storage device 6 and the liquid storage device 5 are disconnected from the compressor 2 and the first expansion device 31 .

[0133] In the above Fig. 9 and Fig.10 In the embodiment, the ≥2-stage compression modules of compressor 2 are used for both series compression during energy storage and parallel compression during the fourth operation mode or air conditioning mode. Fig. 9 , Fig.10 As shown, when the first compression module 201 and the second compression module 202 of the compressor 2 are in series compression, the second valve 92 is opened, and the first valve 91, the third valve 93, and the fourth valve 94 are closed. Fig. 9 , the fifth valve 95 is also closed, and the working medium from the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the first compression module 201, the second valve 92, and the second compression module 202 and then flows into the first heat exchanger 101; when the first compression module 201 and the second compression module 202 of the compressor 2 are compressed in series, the second valve 92 and the third valve 93 can also be opened, and the first valve 91 and the fourth valve 94 can be closed. Fig. 9 , the fifth valve 95 is also closed, and the working fluid from the gas storage device 6 is compressed by the primary compression module 201, the second valve 92, and the secondary compression module 202 and flows into the first heat exchanger 101. Part of the working fluid from the third heat exchanger 103 is sucked into the secondary compression module 202 through the third valve 93, mixed with the working fluid flowing out of the primary compression module 201, and then compressed in the secondary compression module 202 and flows to the first heat exchanger 101. When the primary compression module 201 and the secondary compression module 202 of the compressor 2 are compressed in parallel, the second valve 92 is closed. Fig. 9, the fifth valve 95 is also closed, the first valve 91, the third valve 93 and the fourth valve 94 are opened, the working fluid from the third heat exchanger 103 flows into the secondary compression module 202 through the third valve 93, and flows into the primary compression module 201 through the fourth valve 94 for compression, the working fluid compressed by the primary compression module 201 flows into the first heat exchanger 101 through the first valve 91, and the working fluid compressed by the secondary compression module 202 flows directly into the first heat exchanger 101, and after heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 101, the working fluid flows into the third heat exchanger 103 through the first expansion device 31.

[0134] In this embodiment, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The energy systems shown differ in that Fig.10 compared to Fig. 9 The second expansion device 32 is newly added to enhance the efficiency of energy recovery during the energy release process. Fig. 9 The design is simpler and suitable for scenarios with lower requirements on cost and system complexity; Fig.10 It is more suitable for application scenarios with higher requirements on system performance and energy utilization. Figure 8 With this embodiment Fig.10 The energy systems shown differ in that Figure 8 There is no second expansion device 32 in the energy system. During the energy release process, the working fluid directly flows back from the third heat exchanger 103 to the gas storage device 6. Part of the energy cannot be completely released after the third heat exchanger 103, and the energy recovery efficiency is relatively low. Fig.10 The energy system is added with a second expansion device 32. After passing through the third heat exchanger 103, the working fluid will further expand and release energy, and then flow back to the gas storage device 6, so the energy recovery efficiency is higher.

[0135] Example 7

[0136] In the instruction manual Figure 1 , 3 In , 4, 7 and 9, the compressor is used as both a compressor and an expander for expanding the working medium. The above connection diagram is for illustration only. This is because: the compressor usually has two air inlets and outlets, one of which is used for air intake and the other is used for air exhaust. When the compressor is both a compressor and an expander, for some positive displacement compression devices, such as a scroll compression device, when it is used as a compressor, the air inlet is used for air intake and the exhaust port is used for exhaust. When it is used as an expander, the compressor exhaust port is used as the air inlet and the compressor air inlet is used as the exhaust port. In the above Figure 1 , 3In the connection diagrams of , 4, 7 and 9, the air inlet of the compressor 2 when used as an expander is connected to other devices according to the exhaust port of the compressor 2 when used as a compressor; for some positive displacement compression devices, when its air inlet can only be used for air intake and its exhaust port can only be used for exhaust, therefore, its air inlet when used as an expander is its air inlet when used as a compressor, and its exhaust port when used as an expander is its exhaust port when used as a compressor. In this case, when the compressor 2 is used as an expander, the connection diagram needs to be adjusted, such as Fig.11 As shown, the exhaust port of the compressor 2 has two pipelines connected to the air inlet of the compressor 2, and valves are arranged on the two pipelines. A valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the air inlet and the exhaust port of the compressor 2. When the compressor 2 is used as a compressor, the fourth valve 94 and the second valve 92 are opened and connected, and the first valve 91 and the third valve 93 are disconnected. The working fluid from the gas storage device 6 flows into the compressor 2 through the fourth valve 94 for compression, and then flows into the first heat exchanger 101 through the second valve 92 after being compressed in the compressor 2; when the compressor 2 is used as an expander, the fourth valve 94 and the second valve 92 are disconnected, and the first valve 91 and the third valve 93 are opened and connected. The working fluid from the first heat exchanger 101 flows into the compressor through the first valve 91, and flows into the gas storage device 6 through the third valve 93 after being expanded in the compressor 2.

[0137] Fig.12 The figure shows the situation that the air inlet and the exhaust port of the compressor 2 are fixed and the two-stage compression modules of the compressor 2 are compressed in parallel. In the energy storage mode, the first valve 91, the third valve 93, the fourth valve 94, and the sixth valve 96 are closed, and the fifth valve 95 and the second valve 92 are opened. The working fluid from the gas storage device 6 is compressed through the fifth valve 95, the first-stage compression module 201, the second valve 92, and the second-stage compression module 202, flows into the first heat exchanger 101 for heat exchange, and then expands through the first expansion device 31 and flows into the liquid storage device 6. 5; in the energy release process, after the liquid in the liquid storage device 5 is heat exchanged by the third heat exchanger 103, since the compressor 2 is both a compressor and an expander in this case and the air inlet and the exhaust port are fixed, the fourth valve 94, the second valve 92, and the sixth valve 96 are opened, and the third valve 93, the fifth valve 95, and the first valve 91 are closed. The working fluid from the third heat exchanger 103 flows into the gas storage device 6 through the fourth valve 94, the first compression module 201, the second valve 92, the second compression module 202, and the sixth valve 96. When operating in the fourth operating mode or the air-conditioning mode, the sixth valve 96 and the second valve 92 are closed, and the working fluid from the third heat exchanger 103 flows into the air inlet of the secondary compression module 202 through the third valve 93 and flows into the air inlet of the primary compression module 201 through the fourth valve 94, and then flows into the first heat exchanger 101 through the first valve 91 after being compressed in the primary compression module 201, and flows into the first heat exchanger 101 after being compressed in the secondary compression module 202, and then flows into the first expansion device 31 after heat exchange in the first heat exchanger 101. Figure 3 , 4 When the compressors in 7 and 9 are used as expanders, the connection conditions are the same as when the compressor inlet can only be used as the expander inlet and the compressor exhaust can only be used as the expander exhaust. Fig.11 , 12 Similar, no further elaboration.

[0138] Example 8

[0139] On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments 1-7, the energy system further includes a second bypass pipe 1102, and the second bypass pipe 1102 is connected in parallel with the first expansion device 31, as shown in the appendix of the specification. Figure 1 As shown, the working medium flows from the first heat exchanger 101 into the liquid storage device 5 through the second bypass pipe 1102, and the working medium flows from the liquid storage device 5 to the first heat exchanger 101 through the first expansion device, or the working medium flows from the first heat exchanger 101 into the liquid storage device through the first expansion device 31, and the working medium flows from the liquid storage device 5 to the first heat exchanger 101 through the second bypass pipe 1102, or in the winter season with lower temperatures, the working medium flows between the first heat exchanger 101 and the liquid storage device 5 through the second bypass pipe 1102. In addition, the specification is attached Figure 2-Figure 10 The first expansion device 31 can also be configured with a second bypass pipe 1102. In winter when the temperature is lower, the temperature of the data center is higher than the ambient temperature, and the working fluid does not need to be throttled and expanded in the first expansion device 31. Therefore, the flow resistance can be reduced through the second bypass pipe 1102. In order to control whether the working fluid passes through the second bypass pipe 1102, the second bypass pipe 1102 has a valve 9.

[0140] In winter when the temperature is low, since the temperature of the data center is higher than the ambient temperature, the working fluid does not need to be throttled and expanded in the first expansion device 31, and the working fluid can flow directly through the second bypass pipe 1102, thereby reducing unnecessary throttling losses, reducing the flow resistance of the system, and improving the system efficiency. In non-winter, the working fluid path can be flexibly switched according to demand, and the first expansion device 31 or the second bypass pipe 1102 can be selected to meet the system requirements under different operating conditions.

[0141] Furthermore, the energy system further includes a fourth heat exchanger 104, which is used to exchange heat with the first heat exchanger 101, absorb heat from the first heat exchanger 101, and then exchange heat with the outdoor environment. The energy system further includes a fifth heat exchanger 105, which is located between the compressor 2 and the first heat exchanger 101, as shown in the appendix of the specification. Figure 1 As shown, it is used to store the sensible heat of CO2 above the critical temperature after the compressed working medium under some working conditions. It also includes a sixth heat exchanger 106, which is located between the second expansion device 32 and the third heat exchanger 103. Figure 6As shown, the sixth heat exchanger 106 is used to increase the inlet temperature before the second expansion device 32. Preferably, the sixth heat exchanger 106 exchanges heat with a heat storage device that exchanges heat with the fifth heat exchanger 105 to store heat.

[0142] This embodiment further optimizes heat management by introducing the fourth heat exchanger 104, the fifth heat exchanger 105 and the sixth heat exchanger 106 into the energy system. The fourth heat exchanger 104 exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger 101, absorbs its heat and exchanges it with the outdoor environment, thereby improving the condensation heat exchange efficiency of the system; the fifth heat exchanger 105 is used to store and store the sensible heat of the working fluid above the critical temperature; the sixth heat exchanger 106 increases the inlet temperature before the second expansion device 32 through the sensible heat stored in the fifth heat exchanger 105, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the expansion process. In particular, the sixth heat exchanger 106 exchanges heat with the fifth heat exchanger 105 through the heat storage device, forming an efficient heat energy recycling mechanism, which not only reduces the energy consumption of the system operation, but also further improves the overall energy efficiency and environmental adaptability of the system.

[0143] Example 9

[0144] Based on the above embodiments, Fig.13 As shown in the example, there is a second heat exchanger 102 between the gas storage device 6 and the compressor 2 or between the gas storage device 6 and the second expansion device 2. Furthermore, a heat storage device 8 is also included, and the heat storage device 8 can be used to exchange heat with the first heat exchanger 101 or the second heat exchanger 102. Therefore, the second heat exchanger 102 exchanges heat with the heat storage device 8, and the working medium can recover the cold energy after expansion through the second expansion device 32 and store it in the heat storage device 8 through the second heat exchanger 102. When the working medium flows from the gas storage device 6 to the compressor 2, the working medium can recover the cold energy stored in the heat storage device 8 through the second heat exchanger 102, thereby reducing the working medium temperature before compression.

[0145] The connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 is connected to the liquid storage device 5 through a valve, and the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the liquid storage device 5 through a valve. The liquid storage device 5 can be switched between being connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 or being connected to the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103 under the action of the valve. Fig.12As shown, the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 is connected to the liquid storage device 5 through the fifth valve 95, and the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103 is connected to the liquid storage device 5 through the sixth valve 96. When the fifth valve 95 is opened and the sixth valve 96 is disconnected, the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage device and the first heat exchanger 101 and the first expansion device 31 is connected; when the fifth valve 95 is disconnected and the sixth valve 96 is opened and connected, the connecting pipeline between the liquid storage device and the first expansion device 31 and the third heat exchanger 103 is connected. Therefore, the connecting position of the liquid storage device 5 can be determined according to the working conditions.

[0146] Further, the compressor 2 is a ≥2-stage compression device, with at least one seventh heat exchanger in the middle for inter-stage heat exchange; and or, the second expansion device 32 is a ≥2-stage expansion device, with at least one eighth heat exchanger in the middle for inter-stage heat exchange. This is because the pressure between the gas storage device 6 and the liquid storage device 5 is relatively large, so in order to improve the system efficiency, a heat exchanger is provided between the stages for heat exchange.

[0147] Since the CO2 working fluid cannot be liquefied in the first heat exchanger 101 when the ambient temperature is higher than the critical temperature, its refrigeration efficiency and refrigeration capacity are greatly reduced. In order to improve the energy efficiency of the energy system used in the data center, the energy system under this working condition uses a working fluid with a critical temperature higher than 305K to improve the refrigeration efficiency. Therefore, the operating working fluid of the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center includes a second working fluid, and the second working fluid includes at least one working fluid with a critical temperature higher than 305K, preferably R32, R290, R410A, R1234yf, etc., and also includes a storage tank 12 for storing the second working fluid and a working fluid switching valve 13. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers has the following functions: controlling the proportion of the CO2 working fluid mass flow rate in the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers to the total working fluid flow rate to be less than 50%; controlling the proportion of the CO2 working fluid mass flow rate in the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers to the total working fluid flow rate to be ≥50%; when the working fluid circulates in the compressor 2, the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31, and the third heat exchanger 103, that is, in the fourth operating mode or the air-conditioning mode, controlling the proportion of the CO2 working fluid mass flow rate in the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers to the total working fluid flow rate to be less than 50%. The system also includes a first vacuum pump 141 and a second vacuum pump 142. Before running the fourth operation mode or the air conditioning mode, the seventh valve 97 is closed, the second vacuum pump 142 is opened, and the CO2 working medium in the entire system is pumped into the gas storage device 6. The working medium in the entire system includes the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31, the compressor 2, the second expansion device 32, the liquid storage device 5, the third heat exchanger 103 and other devices and their connecting pipelines; when the CO2 pressure in the system is very low, that is, the CO2 mass is negligible, the second vacuum pump 142 is closed, the working medium switching valve 13 is opened, and the CO2 working medium in the second working medium storage tank 12 is pumped into the gas storage device 6. The working fluid is released, and the compressors of the energy system are operated in parallel, and the working fluid is circulated according to the flow path formed by the compressor 2, the first heat exchanger 101, the first expansion device 31, and the third heat exchanger 103; when the energy system needs to switch from the fourth operation mode or the air-conditioning mode to the energy storage mode, the first vacuum pump 141 is turned on to pump the second working fluid in the entire system into the second working fluid storage tank 12. When the pressure of the second working fluid in the system is very low, that is, the mass of the second working fluid is negligible, the first vacuum pump 141 is turned off, the working fluid switching valve 13 is closed, and the seventh valve 97 is opened to release the CO2 in the gas storage device 6 into the entire system. Furthermore, a gas separation device for CO2 and the second working fluid is also included, which is used to control the mass flow ratio of the CO2 working fluid in the cold, heat, and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center.Preferably, there is a gas separation device in each of the gas storage device 6 and the second working fluid storage tank 12. The gas separation device in the gas storage device 6 is used to separate the second working fluid and transport it to the second working fluid storage tank 12 through a pipeline; the gas separation device in the second working fluid storage tank 12 is used to separate the CO2 working fluid and transport it to the gas storage device 6 through a pipeline. The gas separation device can be a gas separation device based on membrane separation method, pressure swing adsorption method, absorption method and condensation separation method.

[0148] The present invention is based on CO 2 The liquefaction of liquid and the cooling demand characteristics of the data center computer room are innovatively designed to realize the dual-function operation scheme of cold storage and electricity storage. The first heat exchanger realizes efficient condensation, and the third heat exchanger makes full use of the waste heat of the data center. Combined with the expansion work recovery mechanism, bypass pipe and multi-path adjustment, the efficient circulation of heat and energy inside the system is realized. At the same time, the dynamic temperature adjustment of the liquid storage device, the flexible switching of the flow path, and the optimized configuration of multiple heat exchangers (the first, third and additional heat exchangers) further reduce energy loss and flow resistance, and improve the system energy efficiency, waste heat recovery efficiency and expansion work recovery rate. In addition, the system releases ≥50% of the condensation heat to the environment, reducing the demand for storage and recovery of condensation heat, and dynamically adjusts the liquid storage conditions in combination with the ambient temperature to adapt to the needs of different seasons and working conditions. While reducing the operating cost, it ensures efficient and stable long-term operation, and improves the energy saving effect and practical application value of high-load scenarios in data centers.

[0149] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, so it is intended to include all changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for a data center, comprising a compressor (2), a first heat exchanger (101), a first expansion device (31), and a motor (4), wherein the compressor (2), the first heat exchanger (101), and the first expansion device (31) are connected in sequence, and the motor (4) is connected to the compressor (2), characterized in that: The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers uses CO2 as a working fluid; The first expansion device (31) is an expansion device other than an expander; It also includes an air storage device (6), which is connected to the compressor (2); It also includes a liquid storage device (5), wherein the liquid storage device (5) is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31), or on a connecting pipeline to an outlet of the first expansion device (31); It also includes a data center room (7); The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers has at least the following two operation modes: The first operation mode is an energy storage mode, wherein the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers consumes electric energy to generate CO2 liquid and stores it in the liquid storage device (5); The second operation mode is an energy release mode, in which the cold, heat and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers consumes the CO2 liquid stored in the liquid storage device (5) to generate electrical energy; In a first operating mode, after the CO2 gas flowing out of the gas storage device (6) is compressed by the compressor (2), and then heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger (101), when the liquid storage device (5) is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31), the CO2 liquid generated after the heat exchange is stored in the liquid storage device (5); when the liquid storage device (5) is arranged on the connecting pipeline with the outlet of the first expansion device (31), the CO2 liquid generated after the heat exchange of the CO2 passes through the first expansion device (31) is stored in the liquid storage device (5); In the second operation mode, when the liquid storage device (5) is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31), the liquid of the CO2 liquid in the liquid storage device (5) after passing through the first expansion device (31) is heat-exchanged and gasified with the data center computer room (7), and ≥50% of the heat absorbed by the CO2 liquid during gasification comes from the data center computer room (7); when the liquid storage device (5) is arranged on the connecting pipeline with the outlet of the first expansion device (31), the CO2 liquid in the liquid storage device (5) is heat-exchanged and gasified with the data center computer room (7), and ≥50% of the heat absorbed by the CO2 liquid during gasification comes from the data center computer room (7); In the second operation mode, the CO2 gas generated by the CO2 liquid absorbing heat in the liquid storage device (5) expands and performs work, and is then stored in the gas storage device (6); In the second operation mode, the expansion work of the gasified CO2 may be achieved in any of the following ways: (1) When the CO2 expansion work is based on an independent expansion machine, the energy system further comprises a second expansion device (32), wherein the second expansion device (32) is an expansion machine that recovers the expansion work of the working medium during the expansion process and outputs mechanical work, and the gasified CO2 is expanded by the second expansion device (32) to achieve the working medium expansion work; (2) When the CO2 expansion work is based on a compressor, the compressor (2) is a volumetric compression device, which is composed of N compression modules (N≥1). The N compression modules are used for the expansion of the CO2 working medium. The gasified CO2 is expanded through the N compression modules to achieve the working medium expansion work.

2. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to claim 1 is characterized by: When the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the compressor (2), the gas storage device (6) is connected to the compressor (2), the compressor (2) is connected to the first heat exchanger (101), the first heat exchanger (101) is connected to the first expansion device (31), the first expansion device (31) is connected to the liquid storage device (5), and the first heat exchanger (101) exchanges heat with the data center computer room (7); during the energy storage process of the energy system, the gaseous working medium in the gas storage device (6) is compressed by the compressor (2), and the compressed gas The working medium exchanges heat with the outdoor environment in the first heat exchanger (101); the gas working medium after heat exchange is expanded by the first expansion device (31) and then flows into the liquid storage device (6); during the energy release process of the energy system, the liquid working medium in the liquid storage device (5) is expanded by the first expansion device (31) and then flows into the first heat exchanger (101); in the first heat exchanger (101), the liquid working medium exchanges heat with the data center computer room (7); the working medium after heat exchange is expanded by the compressor (2) and then flows into the gas storage device (6); When the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the second expansion device (32), the second expansion device (32) is arranged in parallel with the compressor (2), and one end is arranged at the front end of the air inlet of the compressor (2), and the other end is arranged between the connecting pipeline between the air outlet of the compressor (2) and the air inlet of the first heat exchanger (101); During the energy storage process of the energy system, the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device (6) is compressed by the compressor (2) and then enters the first heat exchanger (101) to exchange heat with the outdoor environment. At the same time, the first heat exchanger (101) can exchange heat with the data center computer room (7); after the heat exchange, the gaseous working medium flows through the first expansion device (31) and enters the liquid storage device (5); during the energy release process of the energy system, the liquid working medium flowing out of the liquid storage device (5) flows through the first expansion device (31) and the first heat exchanger (101) in sequence, and after exchanging heat with the data center computer room (7) in the first heat exchanger (101), flows through the second expansion device (32) to expand and returns to the gas storage device (6).

3. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to claim 1 is characterized by: Also includes a third heat exchanger (103); When the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the compressor (2), the gas storage device (6) is connected to the compressor (2), the compressor (2) is connected to the first heat exchanger (101), the third heat exchanger (103) is arranged in parallel with the first heat exchanger (101), the first heat exchanger (101) is connected to the first expansion device (31), the first expansion device (31) is connected to the third heat exchanger (103), and the third heat exchanger (103) is connected to the compressor (2); during the energy storage process of the energy system, the gaseous working fluid flows out of the gas storage device (6), is compressed by the compressor (2), and then enters the first heat exchanger (101) for heat exchange; when the storage When the liquid device (5) is arranged between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31), the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger (101) flows into the liquid storage device (5); when the liquid storage device (5) is arranged between the first expansion device (31) and the third heat exchanger (103), the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger (101) flows into the liquid storage device (5) through the first expansion device (31); during the energy release process of the energy system, the liquid working medium flows out of the liquid storage device (5), passes through the first expansion device (31) or directly enters the third heat exchanger (103) to exchange heat with the data center computer room (7), and the working medium after heat exchange is expanded by the compressor (2) and flows into the gas storage device (6); When the CO2 expansion work of the energy system is based on the second expansion device (32), the gas storage device (6) is connected to the compressor (2), the compressor (2) is connected to the first heat exchanger (101), the first heat exchanger (101) is connected to the first expansion device (31), the first expansion device (31) is connected to the third heat exchanger (103), the third heat exchanger (103) is connected to the second expansion device (32), the second expansion device (32) is connected to the gas storage device (6), and the liquid storage device (5) is connected to the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31) through a connecting pipeline, or is located on the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device (31) and the third heat exchanger (103); during the energy storage process of the energy system, the gaseous working fluid flowing out of the gas storage device (6) is compressed by the gas storage device (6) After being compressed by the compressor (2), the liquid enters the first heat exchanger (101) for heat exchange; when the liquid storage device (5) is located between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31), the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger (101) flows into the liquid storage device (5); when the liquid storage device (5) is located between the first expansion device (31) and the third heat exchanger (103), the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger (101) flows into the liquid storage device (5) after passing through the first expansion device (31); during the energy release process of the energy system, the liquid working medium in the liquid storage device (5) flows out and passes through the first expansion device (31) or directly enters the third heat exchanger (103) to exchange heat with the data center room (7); the working medium after heat exchange is expanded by the second expansion device (32) and then flows into the gas storage device (6).

4. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to claim 3 is characterized by: The energy system also has any of the following characteristics: The compressor is composed of ≥2 compression modules, and ≥2 compression modules constitute ≥2 stages of series compression, wherein: there are ≥1 first-stage compression modules and ≥1 second-stage compression modules, the number of compression stages inside the first-stage compression module is ≥1, and the number of compression stages inside the second-stage compression module is ≥1, and there is an interstage air intake port between the first-stage compression module and the second-stage compression module, and also includes a third operation mode: after the gaseous working medium flowing out of the gas storage device (6) is compressed by the compressor (2), heat is exchanged in the first heat exchanger (101), and when the liquid storage device (5) is located between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31), the liquid part condensed in the first heat exchanger (101) is stored in the storage device (5). The liquid storage device (5) is provided between the first expansion device (31) and the third heat exchanger (103). When the liquid storage device (5) is located between the first expansion device (31) and the third heat exchanger (103), the liquid condensed in the first heat exchanger (101) is partially stored in the liquid storage device (5) through the first expansion device (31), and the remaining part of the working fluid flowing out of the first heat exchanger (101) flows into the third heat exchanger (103) and exchanges heat with the data center computer room (7). Then, the working fluid is compressed in the high-pressure stage compression module in the compressor (2) through the interstage air intake of the compressor (2). Therefore, part of the working fluid circulates in the secondary compression module, the first heat exchanger (101), the first expansion device (31), and the third heat exchanger (103); The compressor is composed of ≥2 compression modules, and there is ≥1 valve (9) between the ≥2 compression modules. Under the action of the valve (9), the ≥2 compression modules can form ≥2 compression modules in parallel compression, or can form ≥2 levels of series compression, wherein: there are ≥1 first-stage compression module and ≥1 second-stage compression module, the number of compression stages inside the first-stage compression module is ≥1, and the number of compression stages inside the second-stage compression module is ≥1, and also includes a fourth operation mode: under the action of the valve (9), the first-stage compression module and the second-stage compression module of the compressor (2) are connected in parallel, the first-stage compression module and the second-stage compression module of the compressor (2) are connected to the third heat exchanger (103) and the first heat exchanger (101) respectively, and the other ends of the third heat exchanger (103) and the first heat exchanger (101) are connected to the two ends of the first expansion device (31) respectively, so that the working fluid circulates in the parallel compression modules of the compressor (2), the first heat exchanger (101), the first expansion device (31), and the third heat exchanger (103).

5. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The operating working fluid of the cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers includes a second working fluid, and the second working fluid includes at least one working fluid with a critical temperature higher than 305K; It also includes a storage tank (12) for storing a second working fluid and a working fluid switching valve (13); The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers has the following functions: When the energy system operates in the fourth operation mode, the proportion of the mass flow of CO2 working fluid in the cooling, heating and power multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center to the total flow of working fluid is controlled to be less than 50%; When the energy system operates in the first operating mode, the second operating mode, and the third operating mode, the proportion of the CO2 working fluid mass flow rate in the cooling, heating, and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for the data center to the total working fluid flow rate is controlled to be ≥50%.

6. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to claim 5 is characterized by: It also includes a gas separation device for CO2 and a second working fluid, which is used to control the proportion of CO2 in the working fluid mass flow in the cooling, heating and power multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers.

7. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to claim 4 is characterized by: It also includes a first bypass pipe (1101), wherein the first bypass pipe (1101) is connected in parallel with the third heat exchanger (103); And or, the working fluid flowing into the third heat exchanger (103) contains liquid.

8. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It also includes a second bypass pipe (1102), wherein the second bypass pipe (1102) is connected in parallel with the first expansion device (31); And / or, further comprising a fourth heat exchanger (104), wherein the fourth heat exchanger (104) performs heat exchange with the first heat exchanger (101), is used to absorb heat from the first heat exchanger (101), and release the absorbed heat to the outdoor environment; And / or, further comprising a fifth heat exchanger (105), wherein the fifth heat exchanger (105) is arranged between the compressor (2) and the first heat exchanger (101) and is used to recover cooling heat after the working fluid is compressed; And / or, further comprising a sixth heat exchanger (106), wherein the sixth heat exchanger (106) is disposed between the second expansion device (32) and the third heat exchanger (103) and is used to heat the working medium before expansion; And / or, further comprising a second heat exchanger (102), wherein the second heat exchanger (102) is arranged between the gas storage device (6) and the compressor (2) or between the gas storage device (6) and the second expansion device (2); And / or, the compressor (2) is a ≥2-stage compression device, with at least one seventh heat exchanger in the middle for inter-stage heat exchange; And / or, the second expansion device (32) is a ≥2-stage expansion device, with at least one eighth heat exchanger in the middle for inter-stage heat exchange.

9. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In a first operating mode, CO2 from a gas storage device (6) is compressed by a compressor (2) and heat exchanged in a first heat exchanger (101); when CO2 flows out of the first heat exchanger (101) in a liquid state, ≥50% of the condensation heat of CO2 is released to the environment; And / or, the liquid storage temperature in the liquid storage device (5) is set at T o Between the critical temperature, T o It is the lower value between the ambient temperature and -5℃; And / or, ≥50% of the electric energy generated in the second operating mode is used in the data center computer room (7).

10. The cooling, heating and electricity multi-energy comprehensive utilization system for data centers according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31) is connected via a valve and a liquid storage device (5), and the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device (31) and the third heat exchanger (103) is connected via a valve and a liquid storage device (5); Under the action of the valve, the liquid storage device (5) can switch between being connected to the connecting pipeline between the first heat exchanger (101) and the first expansion device (31), or being connected to the connecting pipeline between the first expansion device (31) and the third heat exchanger (103).

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