Electric pile structure, solid oxide fuel cell and cell system

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric pile structure, a solid oxide fuel cell and a cell system.The electric pile structure comprises an electrolyte layer, an anode current collector and a cathode current collector, and the anode current collector and the cathode current collector are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the electrolyte layer respectively; the anode current collector is provided with an anode flow channel facing the electrolyte layer, an anode contact surface is formed on the side, making contact with the electrolyte layer, of the anode flow channel, the width of the anode contact surface is larger than the width of the opposite surface of the anode flow channel, the cathode current collector is provided with a cathode flow channel facing the electrolyte layer, and a cathode contact surface is formed on the side, making contact with the electrolyte layer, of the cathode flow channel. And the width of the cathode contact surface is greater than that of the cathode runner and the opposite surface. According to the invention, the technical problem of low reaction rate of the galvanic pile due to small contact area between fluid and electrolyte in the design of a gas flow channel in the existing galvanic pile can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a battery stack structure, a solid oxide fuel cell and a battery system. Background Art

[0002] Solid oxide cell system (SOC) is a general term for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolyzers (SOEC). In recent years, SOFC and SOEC have gradually attracted people's attention as new technical routes in the field of water electrolysis hydrogen production and fuel cell power generation, respectively. In particular, SOFC is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. It is known as one of the most attractive power generation methods at present due to its advantages such as high power generation efficiency, quiet and noiseless, clean and pollution-free, and fuel diversification.

[0003] The electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell takes place in the stack. The arrangement of the gas flow channels inside the stack affects the electrochemical reaction, so its structural design plays a vital role in the performance of the fuel cell. However, the width of the gas flow channels inside the existing stack is consistent from top to bottom, and the contact area between the fluid and the electrolyte is small, so there are problems such as slow reaction rate and low fuel utilization. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a battery stack structure, a solid oxide fuel cell and a battery system to solve the technical problem that the contact area between the fluid and the electrolyte in the gas flow channel design inside the existing battery stack is small, resulting in a slow reaction rate of the battery stack.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A battery stack structure, comprising: Electrolyte layer; An anode current collector and a cathode current collector, wherein the anode current collector and the cathode current collector are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the electrolyte layer, the anode current collector has an anode flow channel facing the electrolyte layer, the side of the anode flow channel in contact with the electrolyte layer forms an anode contact surface, and the width of the anode contact surface is greater than the width of the anode flow channel and the opposite surface thereof, and the cathode current collector has a cathode flow channel facing the electrolyte layer, the side of the cathode flow channel in contact with the electrolyte layer forms a cathode contact surface, and the width of the cathode contact surface is greater than the width of the cathode flow channel and the opposite surface thereof.

[0006] In some embodiments, the cross-section of the anode flow channel is a trapezoid or a triangle, and the cross-section of the cathode flow channel is also a trapezoid or a triangle; Wherein, the cross-sectional shapes of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are the same or different.

[0007] In some embodiments, the stack structure further includes a fluid disturbance body for increasing air flow disturbance.

[0008] In some embodiments, the fluid disruptor includes a first fluid disruptor and a second fluid disruptor, the first fluid disruptor is disposed on the anode contact surface, and the second fluid disruptor is disposed on the cathode contact surface.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first fluid-disturbing body is a protrusion extending upward from the anode contact surface, and the protrusion is circular or triangular in shape.

[0010] In some embodiments, the structure of the second fluid disruptor is the same as the structure of the first fluid disruptor.

[0011] In some embodiments, the anode flow channel is formed with a first gas inlet for introducing fuel gas and a first gas outlet for discharging fuel gas.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cathode flow channel is formed with a second gas inlet for introducing the oxidizing gas and a second gas outlet for discharging the oxidizing gas.

[0013] The present invention also provides a solid oxide fuel cell, which includes the above-mentioned fuel cell stack structure of the present invention.

[0014] In addition, the present invention further provides a solid oxide battery system, which comprises a plurality of the solid oxide fuel cells provided above by the present invention.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a battery stack structure, solid oxide fuel cell and battery system, which increases the width of the anode contact surface formed by the contact between the anode flow channel and the electrolyte layer to be larger than the width of the opposite surface, and designs the width of the cathode contact surface formed by the contact between the cathode flow channel and the electrolyte layer to be larger than the width of the opposite surface, thereby increasing the width of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel respectively close to the electrolyte layer. This increases the contact area between the fluid and the electrolyte in the flow channel, thereby accelerating the reaction rate and improving the utilization rate of the fuel; at the same time, due to the increase in the area of ​​the anode contact surface and the cathode contact surface, the remaining area of ​​the anode current collector and the cathode current collector in contact with the electrolyte layer is reduced, thereby reducing the resistance of the current collector part, thereby reducing the energy loss of the current collector part and reducing Joule heat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of the battery stack structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the battery stack structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of one form of the first disrupting body of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of another form of the first fluid disruptor of the present invention.

[0017] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals: 1. Electrolyte layer; 2. anode current collector, 21. anode flow channel, 211. anode contact surface; 3. cathode current collector, 31. cathode flow channel, 311. cathode contact surface; 4. a disturbing body, 41. a first disturbing body, 42. a second disturbing body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] In view of the problem that the contact area between the fluid channel and the electrolyte in the existing fuel cell stack is small and thus affects the reaction rate, the present invention proposes an improved fuel cell stack structure and a solid oxide fuel cell and a solid oxide battery system having the fuel cell stack structure.

[0020] Please also read Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides a battery stack structure, including an electrolyte layer 1, an anode current collector 2 and a cathode current collector 3, wherein the anode current collector 2 and the cathode current collector 3 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the electrolyte layer 1, the anode current collector 2 has an anode flow channel 21 facing the electrolyte layer 1, and the anode flow channel 21 forms an anode contact surface 211 on the side in contact with the electrolyte layer 1, and the width of the anode contact surface 211 is greater than the width of the anode flow channel 21 and the opposite side thereof, and the cathode current collector 3 has a cathode flow channel 31 facing the electrolyte layer 1, and the cathode flow channel 31 forms a cathode contact surface 311 on the side in contact with the electrolyte layer 1, and the width of the cathode contact surface 311 is greater than the width of the cathode flow channel 31 and the opposite side thereof.

[0021] Different from the prior art, the stack structure provided by the present invention designs the anode contact surface 211 to be larger than the width of its opposite surface, and designs the cathode contact surface 311 to be larger than the width of its opposite surface. In this way, the flow channels of the anode flow channel 21 and the cathode flow channel 31 close to the electrolyte are increased, that is, the contact area between the fluid and the electrolyte is increased. When airflow passes through the anode flow channel 21 and the cathode flow channel 31, the reaction rate can be accelerated, thereby improving the utilization rate of the fuel.

[0022] At the same time, since the areas of the anode contact surface 211 and the cathode contact surface 311 are relatively large, the remaining areas of the anode current collector 2 and the cathode current collector 3 respectively released from the electrolyte layer 1 are correspondingly reduced, thereby reducing the resistance of the current collector part, thereby reducing the energy loss of the current collector part and reducing Joule heat.

[0023] In one embodiment, the cross-section of the anode channel 21 is a trapezoid or a triangle, and the cross-section of the cathode channel 31 is also a trapezoid or a triangle; the cross-section shapes of the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 31 are the same or different.

[0024] That is, the cross-section of the anode flow channel 21 and the cross-section of the cathode flow channel 31 are both trapezoidal or triangular, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown; or the cross-section of the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 31 is one triangular and the other is a trapezoidal.

[0025] In one embodiment, when the cross-sections of the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 31 are both trapezoidal, multiple bases of the trapezoids are connected in sequence to form the anode contact surface 211 and the cathode contact surface 311; when the cross-sections of the anode channel 21 and the cathode channel 31 are both triangular, multiple bases of the triangles are connected in sequence to form the anode contact surface 211 and the cathode contact surface 311.

[0026] In one of the embodiments, the stack structure further includes a fluid disturbance body 4 for increasing airflow disturbance.

[0027] In one embodiment, the fluid disruptor 4 includes a first fluid disruptor 41 and a second fluid disruptor 42 . The first fluid disruptor 41 is disposed on the anode contact surface 211 , and the second fluid disruptor 42 is disposed on the cathode contact surface 311 .

[0028] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the first flow disrupter 41 is a protrusion extending upward from the anode contact surface 211 , and the shape of the protrusion is circular.

[0029] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the first flow disruptor 41 is a protrusion extending upward from the anode contact surface 211 , and the shape of the protrusion is a triangle.

[0030] In one embodiment, the structure of the second body-disturbing body 42 is the same as that of the first body-disturbing body 41 .

[0031] In the above technical solution, the first fluid turbulent 41 and the second fluid turbulent 42 can increase the disturbance of the airflow, change the speed and direction of the gas flow, and change the flow state of the gas from laminar flow to turbulent flow, which on the one hand increases the heat transfer coefficient and enhances the heat exchange effect; on the other hand, the first fluid turbulent 41 and the second fluid turbulent 42 can form vortices inside the fluid, intensify the gas mixing, and make the gas distribution in the cross-sectional direction more uniform, which is beneficial to the electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell stack.

[0032] In one embodiment, the anode channel 21 is formed with a first air inlet for introducing fuel gas and a first air outlet for discharging fuel gas, and the cathode channel 31 is formed with a second air inlet for introducing oxidizing gas and a second air outlet for discharging oxidizing gas.

[0033] In one embodiment, the anode current collector 2 and the cathode current collector 3 are current collectors made of conductive ceramic powder or porous metal materials.

[0034] In addition, the present invention also provides a solid oxide fuel cell, which includes the stack structure described in the above technical solution of the present invention.

[0035] The present invention further provides a solid oxide battery system, which comprises a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells according to the above technical solution of the present invention.

[0036] In summary, the stack structure, solid oxide fuel cell and battery system provided by the present invention can, on the one hand, accelerate the reaction rate and improve the utilization rate of fuel; on the other hand, they can increase the disturbance of the airflow, change the speed and direction of the gas flow, enhance the heat exchange effect, and facilitate the electrochemical reaction inside the stack.

[0037] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery stack structure, characterized in that: include: Electrolyte layer; An anode current collector and a cathode current collector, wherein the anode current collector and the cathode current collector are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the electrolyte layer, the anode current collector has an anode flow channel facing the electrolyte layer, the side of the anode flow channel in contact with the electrolyte layer forms an anode contact surface, and the width of the anode contact surface is greater than the width of the anode flow channel and the opposite surface thereof, and the cathode current collector has a cathode flow channel facing the electrolyte layer, the side of the cathode flow channel in contact with the electrolyte layer forms a cathode contact surface, and the width of the cathode contact surface is greater than the width of the cathode flow channel and the opposite surface thereof.

2. The battery stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the anode flow channel is a trapezoid or a triangle, and the cross section of the cathode flow channel is also a trapezoid or a triangle; Wherein, the cross-sectional shapes of the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are the same or different.

3. The battery stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stack structure also includes a fluid disturbance body for increasing air flow disturbance.

4. The battery stack structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fluid disruptor comprises a first fluid disruptor and a second fluid disruptor. The first fluid disruptor is disposed on the anode contact surface, and the second fluid disruptor is disposed on the cathode contact surface.

5. The battery stack structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first flow-disturbing body is a protrusion extending upward from the anode contact surface, and the shape of the protrusion is circular or triangular.

6. The battery stack structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The structure of the second fluid-disturbing body is the same as that of the first fluid-disturbing body.

7. The battery stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode flow channel is formed with a first gas inlet for introducing fuel gas and a first gas outlet for discharging fuel gas.

8. The battery stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode flow channel is formed with a second gas inlet for introducing the oxidizing gas and a second gas outlet for discharging the oxidizing gas.

9. A solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that: It comprises a battery stack structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A solid oxide battery system, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells as claimed in claim 9.

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